Article(id=1198656288260452479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656283525087620, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0299, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1678550400000, receivedDateStr=2023-03-12, revisedDate=1683129600000, revisedDateStr=2023-05-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763711529077, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1699718400000, pubDateStr=2023-11-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763711529077, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763711529077, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763711529077, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198656283525087620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='3476', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763711527949, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763711688683, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198656957746872553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656283525087620, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198656957746872554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656283525087620, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3330, endPage=3338, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198656290147889336, articleId=1198656288260452479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Fexaramine improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice by stimulating intestinal FXR, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered to be a manifestation of metabolic syndrome and has become one of the chronic diseases that endanger health around the world. There is still a lack of effective therapeutic drugs in clinical practice. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) has been a popular target for NAFLD research in recent years. Fexaramine (Fex) is a potent and selective agonist of FXR, and its mechanism of action to improve NAFLD is unclear. Therefore, in this study, a mouse model of NAFLD was constructed using a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet and treated with Fex orally for 6 weeks. We evaluated the ameliorative effect of Fex on disorders of glucolipid metabolism in NAFLD mice, and preliminarily explored its potential mechanism of action. The animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (approval number: PZSHUTCM210913011). In this study, it was found that 100 mg·kg-1 Fex significantly inhibited body weight gain, alleviated insulin resistance, improved liver injury and lipid accumulation in NAFLD mice. The effect of Fex on the expression of hepatic intestinal FXR and its target genes in NAFLD mice was further examined. Analysis of serum and hepatic bile acid profiles and expression related to hepatic lipid metabolism. It was found that Fex could stimulate intestinal FXR, promote fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) secretion, inhibit the expression of cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 (CYP7A1), the rate-limiting enzyme of bile acid synthesis in liver, regulate bile acid synthesis by negative feedback, and improve the disorder of bile acid metabolism. At the same time, Fex reduces liver lipid synthesis and absorption, increases fatty acid oxidation, thus improving liver lipid metabolism. This study shows that Fex can improve NAFLD by activating intestinal FXR-FGF15 signal pathway and regulating liver lipid metabolism.

, correspAuthors=Li-li DING, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Lu-yao HUANG, Qiong-wen XUE, Yi-xuan LUO, Zi-xuan WANG, Jia-rui JIANG, Shu-yang XU, Li YANG, Zheng-tao WANG, Li-li DING), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198656291695587638, articleId=1198656288260452479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=Fexaramine通过激动肠道FXR改善小鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝病的研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD) 被认为是代谢综合征的表现, 目前已成为危害全球生命健康的慢性疾病之一, 临床上尚缺乏有效治疗药物。法尼醇X受体(farnesoid X receptor, FXR) 是近几年NAFLD研究的一个热门靶点, fexaramine (Fex) 是FXR强效选择性激动剂, 其改善NAFLD的作用机制尚不明确。因此, 本研究采用高脂高胆固醇饮食构建NAFLD小鼠模型, 使用Fex口服干预6周, 评价Fex对NAFLD小鼠糖脂代谢紊乱的改善作用, 并初步探讨其潜在的作用机制。动物实验获得上海中医药大学动物伦理委员会的批准(批准号: PZSHUTCM210913011)。本实验研究发现, 100 mg·kg-1 Fex显著抑制NAFLD小鼠体重增长, 缓解胰岛素抵抗, 改善肝脏损伤和脂质累积。进一步检测Fex对NAFLD小鼠肝肠FXR相关靶基因影响, 并分析血清、肝脏胆汁酸谱和肝脏脂代谢相关基因变化。实验发现Fex激动肠道FXR, 促进成纤维生长因子15 (fibroblast growth factor 15, FGF15) 分泌, 抑制肝脏胆汁酸合成限速酶胆固醇7α-羟化酶(cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1, CYP7A1) 的表达, 负反馈调节胆汁酸合成, 改善胆汁酸代谢紊乱; 同时, Fex降低肝脏脂质合成和吸收、增加脂肪酸氧化, 从而改善肝脏脂质代谢。本研究表明, Fex通过激动肠道FXR-FGF15信号通路, 调节肝脏脂代谢, 发挥改善NAFLD的作用。

, correspAuthors=丁丽丽, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*丁丽丽, Tel: 86-21-51322496, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=boGyz/zHMbbVU9yOS1ntIg==, magXml=oczCe/iDWkkn25jLwQS/yw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Rjk6IA+DZOLOUqBN2vAj8w==, pdfFileSize=2648424, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=KnqTHZi/xG9bmmtu1qeAOQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=BbVhNcXwJr9ajdIeYXm+ng==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=黄璐瑶, 薛琼雯, 罗亦轩, 王紫轩, 蒋嘉瑞, 徐书杨, 杨莉, 王峥涛, 丁丽丽)}, authors=[Author(id=1198960248712168263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198960248863163220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, authorId=1198960248712168263, language=EN, stringName=Lu-yao HUANG, firstName=Lu-yao, middleName=null, lastName=HUANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
2. Shanghai R & D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198960248955437917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, authorId=1198960248712168263, language=CN, stringName=黄璐瑶, firstName=璐瑶, middleName=null, lastName=黄, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.上海中医药大学中药研究所, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室暨国家中医药管理局中药新资源与质量评价重点实验室, 上海 201203
2.上海中药标准化研究中心, 上海 201203, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198960248322097957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248330486567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248322097957, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248338875177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248322097957, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.上海中医药大学中药研究所, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室暨国家中医药管理局中药新资源与质量评价重点实验室, 上海 201203)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198960248523424566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248548590393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248523424566, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Shanghai R & D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248615699258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248523424566, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.上海中药标准化研究中心, 上海 201203)])]), Author(id=1198960249093849966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198960249228067707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, authorId=1198960249093849966, language=EN, stringName=Qiong-wen XUE, firstName=Qiong-wen, middleName=null, lastName=XUE, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
2. Shanghai R & D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198960249387451275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, authorId=1198960249093849966, language=CN, stringName=薛琼雯, firstName=琼雯, middleName=null, lastName=薛, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.上海中医药大学中药研究所, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室暨国家中医药管理局中药新资源与质量评价重点实验室, 上海 201203
2.上海中药标准化研究中心, 上海 201203, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198960248322097957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248330486567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248322097957, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248338875177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248322097957, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.上海中医药大学中药研究所, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室暨国家中医药管理局中药新资源与质量评价重点实验室, 上海 201203)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198960248523424566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248548590393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248523424566, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Shanghai R & D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248615699258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248523424566, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.上海中药标准化研究中心, 上海 201203)])]), Author(id=1198960249538446238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198960249722995635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, authorId=1198960249538446238, language=EN, stringName=Yi-xuan LUO, firstName=Yi-xuan, middleName=null, lastName=LUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
2. Shanghai R & D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198960249840436162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, authorId=1198960249538446238, language=CN, stringName=罗亦轩, firstName=亦轩, middleName=null, lastName=罗, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.上海中医药大学中药研究所, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室暨国家中医药管理局中药新资源与质量评价重点实验室, 上海 201203
2.上海中药标准化研究中心, 上海 201203, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198960248322097957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248330486567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248322097957, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248338875177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248322097957, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.上海中医药大学中药研究所, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室暨国家中医药管理局中药新资源与质量评价重点实验室, 上海 201203)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198960248523424566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248548590393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248523424566, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Shanghai R & D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248615699258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248523424566, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.上海中药标准化研究中心, 上海 201203)])]), Author(id=1198960249957876688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198960250096288740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, authorId=1198960249957876688, language=EN, stringName=Zi-xuan WANG, firstName=Zi-xuan, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
2. Shanghai R & D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198960250213729265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, authorId=1198960249957876688, language=CN, stringName=王紫轩, firstName=紫轩, middleName=null, lastName=王, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.上海中医药大学中药研究所, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室暨国家中医药管理局中药新资源与质量评价重点实验室, 上海 201203
2.上海中药标准化研究中心, 上海 201203, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198960248322097957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248330486567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248322097957, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248338875177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248322097957, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.上海中医药大学中药研究所, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室暨国家中医药管理局中药新资源与质量评价重点实验室, 上海 201203)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198960248523424566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248548590393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248523424566, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Shanghai R & D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248615699258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248523424566, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.上海中药标准化研究中心, 上海 201203)])]), Author(id=1198960250343751682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198960250561855520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, authorId=1198960250343751682, language=EN, stringName=Jia-rui JIANG, firstName=Jia-rui, middleName=null, lastName=JIANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
2. Shanghai R & D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198960250687684658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, authorId=1198960250343751682, language=CN, stringName=蒋嘉瑞, firstName=嘉瑞, middleName=null, lastName=蒋, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.上海中医药大学中药研究所, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室暨国家中医药管理局中药新资源与质量评价重点实验室, 上海 201203
2.上海中药标准化研究中心, 上海 201203, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198960248322097957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248330486567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248322097957, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248338875177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248322097957, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.上海中医药大学中药研究所, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室暨国家中医药管理局中药新资源与质量评价重点实验室, 上海 201203)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198960248523424566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248548590393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248523424566, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Shanghai R & D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248615699258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248523424566, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.上海中药标准化研究中心, 上海 201203)])]), Author(id=1198960250889011270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198960251077754966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, authorId=1198960250889011270, language=EN, stringName=Shu-yang XU, firstName=Shu-yang, middleName=null, lastName=XU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
2. Shanghai R & D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198960251186806887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, authorId=1198960250889011270, language=CN, stringName=徐书杨, firstName=书杨, middleName=null, lastName=徐, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.上海中医药大学中药研究所, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室暨国家中医药管理局中药新资源与质量评价重点实验室, 上海 201203
2.上海中药标准化研究中心, 上海 201203, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198960248322097957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248330486567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248322097957, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248338875177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248322097957, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.上海中医药大学中药研究所, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室暨国家中医药管理局中药新资源与质量评价重点实验室, 上海 201203)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198960248523424566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248548590393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248523424566, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Shanghai R & D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248615699258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248523424566, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.上海中药标准化研究中心, 上海 201203)])]), Author(id=1198960251304247414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198960251472019590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, authorId=1198960251304247414, language=EN, stringName=Li YANG, firstName=Li, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
2. Shanghai R & D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198960251572682904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, authorId=1198960251304247414, language=CN, stringName=杨莉, firstName=莉, middleName=null, lastName=杨, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.上海中医药大学中药研究所, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室暨国家中医药管理局中药新资源与质量评价重点实验室, 上海 201203
2.上海中药标准化研究中心, 上海 201203, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198960248322097957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248330486567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248322097957, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248338875177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248322097957, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.上海中医药大学中药研究所, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室暨国家中医药管理局中药新资源与质量评价重点实验室, 上海 201203)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198960248523424566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248548590393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248523424566, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Shanghai R & D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248615699258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248523424566, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.上海中药标准化研究中心, 上海 201203)])]), Author(id=1198960251711094956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198960252021473469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, authorId=1198960251711094956, language=EN, stringName=Zheng-tao WANG, firstName=Zheng-tao, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
2. Shanghai R & D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198960252226994381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, authorId=1198960251711094956, language=CN, stringName=王峥涛, firstName=峥涛, middleName=null, lastName=王, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.上海中医药大学中药研究所, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室暨国家中医药管理局中药新资源与质量评价重点实验室, 上海 201203
2.上海中药标准化研究中心, 上海 201203, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198960248322097957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248330486567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248322097957, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248338875177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248322097957, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.上海中医药大学中药研究所, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室暨国家中医药管理局中药新资源与质量评价重点实验室, 上海 201203)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198960248523424566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248548590393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248523424566, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Shanghai R & D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248615699258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248523424566, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.上海中药标准化研究中心, 上海 201203)])]), Author(id=1198960252365406431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, orderNo=8, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=nail8219@hotmail.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198960252558344433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, authorId=1198960252365406431, language=EN, stringName=Li-li DING, firstName=Li-li, middleName=null, lastName=DING, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1. The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
2. Shanghai R & D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198960252684173562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, authorId=1198960252365406431, language=CN, stringName=丁丽丽, firstName=丽丽, middleName=null, lastName=丁, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1.上海中医药大学中药研究所, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室暨国家中医药管理局中药新资源与质量评价重点实验室, 上海 201203
2.上海中药标准化研究中心, 上海 201203, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198960248322097957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248330486567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248322097957, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248338875177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248322097957, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.上海中医药大学中药研究所, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室暨国家中医药管理局中药新资源与质量评价重点实验室, 上海 201203)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198960248523424566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248548590393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248523424566, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Shanghai R & D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248615699258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248523424566, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.上海中药标准化研究中心, 上海 201203)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1198960252952609047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=fexaramine), Keyword(id=1198960253049078056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=non-alcoholic fatty liver disease), Keyword(id=1198960253229433143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=farnesoid X receptor), Keyword(id=1198960253359456581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=bile acid), Keyword(id=1198960253514645848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=lipid metabolism), Keyword(id=1198960253703389550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=fexaramine), Keyword(id=1198960253837607294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=非酒精性脂肪性肝病), Keyword(id=1198960253971825034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=法尼醇X受体), Keyword(id=1198960254114431385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=胆汁酸), Keyword(id=1198960254252843431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=脂质代谢)], refs=[Reference(id=1198960257461486281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, doi=10.1056/NEJMra1503519, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=377, issue=null, pageStart=2063, pageEnd=2072, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=N Engl J Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Diehl AM, Day C. Cause, pathogenesis, and treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis[J]. N Engl J Med, 2017, 377: 2063-2072., articleTitle=Cause, pathogenesis, and treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960257620869845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, doi=10.1038/s41575-019-0212-0, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=17, issue=null, pageStart=40, pageEnd=52, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Eslam M, George J. Genetic contributions to NAFLD: leveraging shared genetics to uncover systems biology[J]. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020, 17: 40-52., articleTitle=Genetic contributions to NAFLD: leveraging shared genetics to uncover systems biology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960257776059106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, doi=10.21037/tgh.2019.09.08, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=5, issue=null, pageStart=16, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mitra S, De A, Chowdhury A. Epidemiology of non-alcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver diseases[J]. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020, 5: 16., articleTitle=Epidemiology of non-alcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver diseases, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960257956414189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=5, issue=null, pageStart=384, pageEnd=393, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=J Clin Transl Hepatol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pappachan JM, Babu S, Krishnan B, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a clinical update[J]. J Clin Transl Hepatol, 2017, 5: 384-393., articleTitle=Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a clinical update, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960258086437624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, doi=10.1038/s41591-018-0104-9, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=24, issue=null, pageStart=908, pageEnd=922, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=Nat Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Friedman SL, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Rinella M, et al. Mechanisms of NAFLD development and therapeutic strategies[J]. Nat Med, 2018, 24: 908-922., articleTitle=Mechanisms of NAFLD development and therapeutic strategies, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960258229043975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, doi=10.1038/s41575-019-0145-7, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=16, issue=null, pageStart=411, pageEnd=428, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Anstee OM, Reeves HL, Kotsiliti E, et al. From NASH to HCC: current concepts and future challenges[J]. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2019, 16: 411-428., articleTitle=From NASH to HCC: current concepts and future challenges, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960258338095889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, doi=10.1038/nrgastro.2013.34, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=10, issue=null, pageStart=307, pageEnd=318, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Farrell GC, Wong VW, Chitturi S. NAFLD in Asia-as common and important as in the West[J]. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2013, 10: 307-318., articleTitle=NAFLD in Asia-as common and important as in the West, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960258455536419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, doi=10.1073/pnas.2019388118, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=118, issue=null, pageStart=e2019388118, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ding LL, Zhang E, Yang Q, et al. Vertical sleeve gastrectomy confers metabolic improvements by reducing intestinal bile acids and lipid absorption in mice[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2021, 118: e2019388118., articleTitle=Vertical sleeve gastrectomy confers metabolic improvements by reducing intestinal bile acids and lipid absorption in mice, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960258623308590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, doi=10.1038/s41579-022-00805-x, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=21, issue=null, pageStart=236, pageEnd=247, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=Nat Rev Microbiol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Collins SL, Stine JG, Bisanz JE, et al. Bile acids and the gut microbiota: metabolic interactions and impacts on disease[J]. Nat Rev Microbiol, 2023, 21: 236-247., articleTitle=Bile acids and the gut microbiota: metabolic interactions and impacts on disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960258732360501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, doi=10.1016/j.molmed.2007.06.001, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=13, issue=null, pageStart=298, pageEnd=309, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=Trends Mol Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fiorucci S, Rizzo G, Donini A, et al. Targeting farnesoid X receptor for liver and metabolic disorders[J]. Trends Mol Med, 2007, 13: 298-309., articleTitle=Targeting farnesoid X receptor for liver and metabolic disorders, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960258988213065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2017.01.055, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=152, issue=null, pageStart=1679, pageEnd=1694, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=Gastroenterology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chavez-Talavera O, Tailleux A, Lefebvre P, et al. Bile acid control of metabolism and inflammation in obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease[J]. Gastroenterology, 2017, 152: 1679-1694., articleTitle=Bile acid control of metabolism and inflammation in obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960259114042201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, doi=10.1007/s12072-010-9202-6, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=4, issue=null, pageStart=741, pageEnd=748, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=Hepatol Int, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang ZX, Shen W, Sun H. Effects of nuclear receptor FXR on the regulation of liver lipid metabolism in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease[J]. Hepatol Int, 2010, 4: 741-748., articleTitle=Effects of nuclear receptor FXR on the regulation of liver lipid metabolism in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960259281814372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, doi=10.1038/nm.3760, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=21, issue=null, pageStart=159, pageEnd=165, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=Nat Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fang S, Suh JM, Reilly SM, et al. Intestinal FXR agonism promotes adipose tissue browning and reduces obesity and insulin resistance[J]. Nat Med, 2015, 21: 159-165., articleTitle=Intestinal FXR agonism promotes adipose tissue browning and reduces obesity and insulin resistance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960259449586545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(19)33041-7, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=394, issue=null, pageStart=2184, pageEnd=2196, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=Lancet, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Younossi ZM, Ratziu V, Loomba R, et al. Obeticholic acid for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: interim analysis from a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial[J]. Lancet, 2019, 394: 2184-2196., articleTitle=Obeticholic acid for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: interim analysis from a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960259621553023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, doi=10.1016/j.jhep.2020.02.033, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=73, issue=null, pageStart=94, pageEnd=101, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=J Hepatol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kowdley KV, Vuppalanchi R, Levy C, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled, phase Ⅱ study of obeticholic acid for primary sclerosing cholangitis[J]. J Hepatol, 2020, 73: 94-101., articleTitle=A randomized, placebo-controlled, phase Ⅱ study of obeticholic acid for primary sclerosing cholangitis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960259810296715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, doi=10.1016/j.cmet.2021.06.012, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=33, issue=null, pageStart=1671, pageEnd=1684, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=Cell Metab, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Clifford BL, Sedgeman LR, Williams KJ, et al. FXR activation protects against NAFLD via bile-acid-dependent reductions in lipid absorption[J]. Cell Metab, 2021, 33: 1671-1684., articleTitle=FXR activation protects against NAFLD via bile-acid-dependent reductions in lipid absorption, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960259990651800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, doi=10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00104-7, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=11, issue=null, pageStart=1079, pageEnd=1092, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=Mol Cell, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Downes M, Verdecia MA, Roecker AJ, et al. A chemical, genetic, and structural analysis of the nuclear bile acid receptor FXR[J]. Mol Cell, 2003, 11: 1079-1092., articleTitle=A chemical, genetic, and structural analysis of the nuclear bile acid receptor FXR, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960260175201191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, doi=10.1006/cyto.1999.0485, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1999, volume=11, issue=null, pageStart=729, pageEnd=735, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=Cytokine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xie MH, Holcomb I, Deuel B, et al. FGF-19, a novel fibroblast growth factor with unique specificity for FGFR4[J]. Cytokine, 1999, 11: 729-735., articleTitle=FGF-19, a novel fibroblast growth factor with unique specificity for FGFR4, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960260401693621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2020-1944, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=56, issue=null, pageStart=1832, pageEnd=1844, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang M, Zhang JY, Wang YW, et al. FGFR4: a promising therapeutic target for liver cancer[J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2021, 56: 1832-1844., articleTitle=FGFR4: a promising therapeutic target for liver cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960260598825919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=256, issue=null, pageStart=325, pageEnd=357, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=Handb Exp Pharmacol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Schumacher JD, Guo GL. Pharmacologic modulation of bile acid-FXR-FGF15/FGF19 pathway for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis[J]. Handb Exp Pharmacol, 2019, 256: 325-357., articleTitle=Pharmacologic modulation of bile acid-FXR-FGF15/FGF19 pathway for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960260724655053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19803-9, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=11, issue=null, pageStart=5969, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=Nat Commun, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kim YC, Seok S, Zhang Y, et al. Intestinal FGF15/19 physiologically repress hepatic lipogenesis in the late fed-state by activating SHP and DNMT3A[J]. Nat Commun, 2020, 11: 5969., articleTitle=Intestinal FGF15/19 physiologically repress hepatic lipogenesis in the late fed-state by activating SHP and DNMT3A, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960260909204435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, doi=10.1172/JCI21025, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=113, issue=null, pageStart=1408, pageEnd=1418, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=J Clin Invest, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Watanabe M, Houten SM, Wang L, et al. Bile acids lower triglyceride levels via a pathway involving FXR, SHP, and SREBP-1c[J]. J Clin Invest, 2004, 113: 1408-1418., articleTitle=Bile acids lower triglyceride levels via a pathway involving FXR, SHP, and SREBP-1c, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960261110531038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, doi=10.1016/j.cmet.2011.03.019, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=13, issue=null, pageStart=729, pageEnd=738, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=Cell Metab, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Potthoff MJ, Boney-Montoya J, Choi M, et al. FGF15/19 regulates hepatic glucose metabolism by inhibiting the CREB-PGC-1alpha pathway[J]. Cell Metab, 2011, 13: 729-738., articleTitle=FGF15/19 regulates hepatic glucose metabolism by inhibiting the CREB-PGC-1alpha pathway, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960261261525989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, doi=10.1016/S1097-2765(00)00051-4, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=6, issue=null, pageStart=517, pageEnd=526, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=Mol Cell, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Goodwin B, Jones SA, Price RR, et al. A regulatory cascade of the nuclear receptors FXR, SHP-1, and LRH-1 represses bile acid biosynthesis[J]. Mol Cell, 2000, 6: 517-526., articleTitle=A regulatory cascade of the nuclear receptors FXR, SHP-1, and LRH-1 represses bile acid biosynthesis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960261513184239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, doi=10.1016/j.cmet.2005.09.001, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=2, issue=null, pageStart=217, pageEnd=225, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=Cell Metab, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Inagaki T, Choi M, Moschetta A, et al. Fibroblast growth factor 15 functions as an enterohepatic signal to regulate bile acid homeostasis[J]. Cell Metab, 2005, 2: 217-225., articleTitle=Fibroblast growth factor 15 functions as an enterohepatic signal to regulate bile acid homeostasis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960261819368442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0889, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=57, issue=null, pageStart=3576, pageEnd=3586, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Duan XY, Hu JP. Recent advances in drug development targeting bile acids transporters and related disease[J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2022, 57: 3576-3586., articleTitle=Recent advances in drug development targeting bile acids transporters and related disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960262125552640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, doi=10.2337/db13-0299, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=62, issue=null, pageStart=3384, pageEnd=3393, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=Diabetes, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mencarelli A, Renga B, D'Amore C, et al. Dissociation of intestinal and hepatic activities of FXR and LXRalpha supports metabolic effects of terminal ileum interposition in rodents[J]. Diabetes, 2013, 62: 3384-3393., articleTitle=Dissociation of intestinal and hepatic activities of FXR and LXRalpha supports metabolic effects of terminal ileum interposition in rodents, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960262352044041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, doi=10.1210/en.2003-1671, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=145, issue=null, pageStart=2594, pageEnd=2603, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=Endocrinology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fu L, John LM, Adams SH, et al. Fibroblast growth factor 19 increases metabolic rate and reverses dietary and leptin-deficient diabetes[J]. Endocrinology, 2004, 145: 2594-2603., articleTitle=Fibroblast growth factor 19 increases metabolic rate and reverses dietary and leptin-deficient diabetes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960262599507989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, doi=10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.06.003, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=1864, issue=null, pageStart=2927, pageEnd=2937, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Al-Aqil FA, Monte MJ, Peleteiro-Vigil A, et al. Interaction of glucocorticoids with FXR/FGF19/FGF21-mediated ileum-liver crosstalk[J]. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis, 2018, 1864: 2927-2937., articleTitle=Interaction of glucocorticoids with FXR/FGF19/FGF21-mediated ileum-liver crosstalk, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960262964412448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, doi=10.1002/hep.29857, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=68, issue=null, pageStart=1574, pageEnd=1588, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=Hepatology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pathak P, Xie C, Nichols RG, et al. Intestine farnesoid X receptor agonist and the gut microbiota activate G-protein bile acid receptor-1 signaling to improve metabolism[J]. Hepatology, 2018, 68: 1574-1588., articleTitle=Intestine farnesoid X receptor agonist and the gut microbiota activate G-protein bile acid receptor-1 signaling to improve metabolism, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1198960257046250151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, awardId=82122074, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(82122074), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198960257167884986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, awardId=82274165, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(82274165), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198960248322097957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248330486567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248322097957, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248338875177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248322097957, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.上海中医药大学中药研究所, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室暨国家中医药管理局中药新资源与质量评价重点实验室, 上海 201203)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198960248523424566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248548590393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248523424566, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Shanghai R & D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960248615699258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, companyId=1198960248523424566, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.上海中药标准化研究中心, 上海 201203)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1198960254668079569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=fi6jbC1GAB20T6p6IA+bQg==, figureFileBig=AhNy7Daq+eiGiggj2qm4gg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960254777131485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Effects of fexaramine (Fex) on body weight and food intake in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mice. A: Experimental diagram; B: Chemical structure; C: Body weight; D: Food intake. <i>n</i> = 8, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> HFHC. HFHC: High-fat and high-cholesterol , figureFileSmall=fi6jbC1GAB20T6p6IA+bQg==, figureFileBig=AhNy7Daq+eiGiggj2qm4gg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960254902960619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=lwybsNVYrMNfIiCSjBrl2Q==, figureFileBig=+OE6lOYWkKjv7eJO0nrmaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960255074927100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Effects of Fex on glucose metabolism in NAFLD mice. A: Glucose tolerance test (GTT); B: Area under the curve of GTT; C: Insulin tolerance test (ITT); D: Area under the curve of ITT. <i>n</i> = 6-8, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</span>± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> HFHC , figureFileSmall=lwybsNVYrMNfIiCSjBrl2Q==, figureFileBig=+OE6lOYWkKjv7eJO0nrmaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960255238504972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=eRNb4yHXEeX7Gb/yjYSAAA==, figureFileBig=jcPJhdatM8cnekDhyfYziw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960255368528406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Effect of Fex on hepatic lipid accumulation in NAFLD mice. A: Serum level of total cholesterol (TC); B: Serum level of triglyceride (TG); C: Serum level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT); D: Serum level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST); E: Liver and body weight ratio; F: Representative images of HE staining and oil red O staining of liver; G: The quantitative results of NAFLD. <i>n</i> = 5-8, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</span>± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 , figureFileSmall=eRNb4yHXEeX7Gb/yjYSAAA==, figureFileBig=jcPJhdatM8cnekDhyfYziw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960255624380967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=WhJZup8MHbAYjAeO5o1Kcg==, figureFileBig=Yw9dqpH3IDY5NzdVjWNOqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960255775375920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Effects of Fex on the expression of FXR-related target genes in NAFLD mice. A: Protein levels of FXR in ileum; B: Expression of FXR-related target genes in the ileum; C: The level of FGF15 in serum; D: Protein levels of FXR in liver; E: Expression of FXR-related target genes in the liver; F: Protein levels of bile acid synthase in liver; G: Statistical results of gray value of FXR in ileum; H: Statistical results of gray value of FXR in liver; I: Relative expression of CYP7A1/CYP27A1 protein. <i>n</i> = 5-8, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</span>± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 , figureFileSmall=WhJZup8MHbAYjAeO5o1Kcg==, figureFileBig=Yw9dqpH3IDY5NzdVjWNOqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960255955731007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=RkoKuZOakOti8MJR+2NG3A==, figureFileBig=ZOe/tcmUjDH9Q+I5MJmInA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960256060588615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Effects of Fex on bile acid metabolism in NAFLD mice. A: The composition of bile acids in serum; B: Individual taurine-conjugated bile acids levels in serum; C: The composition of bile acids in liver; D: Individual taurine-conjugated bile acids levels in liver. <i>n</i> = 5-8, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</span>± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001. T<i>α</i>MCA: Tauro-<i>α</i>-muricholic acid; T<i>β</i>MCA: Tauro-<i>β</i>-muricholic acid; T<i>ω</i>MCA: Tauro-<i>ω</i>-muricholic acid; TCA: Taurocholic acid; TDCA: Taurodeoxycholic acid; TLCA: Taurolithocholic acid; TCDCA: Taurochenodeoxycholic acid; THDCA: Taurohyodeoxycholic acid; TUDCA: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid; <i>α</i>MCA: <i>α</i>-Muricholic acid; <i>β</i>MCA: <i>β</i>-Muricholic acid; <i>ω</i>MCA: <i>ω</i>-Muricholic acid; CA: Cholic acid; DCA: Deoxycholic acid; LCA: Lithocholic acid; CDCA: Chenodeoxycholic acid; HDCA: Hyodeoxycholic acid; UDCA: Ursodeoxycholic acid; GCA: Glycocholic acid; GDCA: Glycodeoxycholic acid; GLCA: Glycolithocholic acid; GCDCA: Glycochenodeoxycholic acid; GHDCA: Glycohyodeoxycholic acid; GUDCA: Glycoursodeoxycholic acid , figureFileSmall=RkoKuZOakOti8MJR+2NG3A==, figureFileBig=ZOe/tcmUjDH9Q+I5MJmInA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960256249332315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=PDBcMKz+YTjEg4DsyN6cNw==, figureFileBig=x5BC7Kgz1LmnkVJ66o1jeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960256408715882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= Effects of Fex on hepatic lipid metabolism in NAFLD mice. A: Expression of hepatic lipid synthesis-related genes; B: Expression of liver fatty acid absorption-related genes; C: Expression of hepatic fatty acid oxidation-related genes; D: Expression of very low-density lipoprotein secretion related gene. <i>n</i> = 5-8, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</span>± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 , figureFileSmall=PDBcMKz+YTjEg4DsyN6cNw==, figureFileBig=x5BC7Kgz1LmnkVJ66o1jeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960256547127929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primer Sequence (5'-3') Primer Sequence (5'-3')
Gapdh-F AGGTCGGTGTGAACGGATTTG Pparg-R GAGAGGTCCACAGAGCTGATT
Gapdh-R TGTAGACCATGTAGTTGAGGTCA Scd1-F TTCTTGCGATACACTCTGGTGC
Fxr-F CTGGCATCTATGAACTCAGGC Scd1-R CGGGATTGAATGTTCTTGTCGT
Fxr-R CCATTCGCGGCTTCTTTGT Fads1-F AGCACATGCCATACAACCATC
Fgf15-F ATGGCGAGAAAGTGGAACGG Fads1-R TTTCCGCTGAACCACAAAATAGA
Fgf15-R CTGACACAGACTGGGATTGCT Cpt1-F CTCCGCCTGAGCCATGAAG
Asbt-F GTCTGTCCCCCAAATGCAACT Cpt1-R CACCAGTGATGATGCCATTCT
Asbt-R CACCCCATAGAAAACATCACCA Acox1-F TCCAGACTTCCAACATGAGGA
Ostα-F AGATGCGGCTCCTTGGAATTA Acox1-R CTGGGCGTAGGTGCCAATTA
Ostα-R TGGCTGCTTCTTTCGATTTCTG Pparα-F AGAGCCCCATCTGTCCTCTC
Ostβ-F CTTCCAGGAGACGTGATTGAAA Pparα-R ACTGGTAGTCTGCAAAACCAAA
Ostβ-R CCTCCGAAGTCTGGTGATAGTTG Mcad-F AGGGTTTAGTTTTGAGTTGACGG
Ibabp-F CTTCCAGGAGACGTGATTGAAA Mcad-R CCCCGCTTTTGTCATATTCCG
Ibabp-R CCTCCGAAGTCTGGTGATAGTTG Acsl1-F TGCCAGAGCTGATTGACATTC
Cyp7a1-F GCTGTGGTAGTGAGCTGTTG Acsl1-R GGCATACCAGAAGGTGGTGAG
Cyp7a1-R GTTGTCCAAAGGAGGTTCACC Pgc1α-F AAGTGTGGAACTCTCTGGAACTG
Cyp8b1-F CACGGGGATGTCTTCACGG Pgc1α-R GGGTTATCTTGGTTGGCTTTATG
Cyp8b1-R TGAGCACCAGTTCTTTTGCATAG Pgc1β-F TCCTGTAAAAGCCCGGAGTAT
Cyp27a1-F CCAGGCACAGGAGAGTACG Pgc1β-R GCTCTGGTAGGGGCAGTGA
Cyp27a1-R GGGCAAGTGCAGCACATAG Cd36-F ATGGGCTGTGATCGGAACTG
Fgfr4-F GCTCGGAGGTAGAGGTCTTGT Cd36-R GTCTTCCCAATAAGCATGTCTCC
Fgfr4-R CCACGCTGACTGGTAGGAA Fabp1-F TGAAGGCAATAGGTCTGCCC
Shp-F TGGGTCCCAAGGAGTATGC Fabp1-R GTCATGGTCTCCAGTTCGCA
Shp-R GCTCCAAGACTTCACACAGTG Fatp5-F TTCGAAAGAACCAACCCTTCCT
Srebp1-F TGGGTCCCAAGGAGTATGC Fatp5-R GCGTCGTACATTCGCAACAA
Srebp1-R GCTCCAAGACTTCACACAGTG Fatp2-F TCCTCCAAGATGTGCGGTACT
Acc-F TCTGACTCAGTGATTCTTCGCA Fatp2-R TAGGTGAGCGTCTCGTCTCG
Acc-R CCCATAAACATCAGCCAGTTGT Apob-F AAGCACCTCCGAAAGTACGTG
Fasn-F CAAACCTCAGAAGGACCAAACA Apob-R CTCCAGCTCTACCTTACAGTTGA
Fasn-R GTAGGAGGATTATTCCCGTTGTG Mttp-F TCTCACAGTACCCGTTCTT
Mogat1-F TGACCCGGCTATTCCGTGA Mttp-R TCTTCTCCGAGAGACATATCC
Mogat1-R CTGGGCTGAGCAATACAGTTC Apoe-F CTGACAGGATGCCTAGCCG
Pparg-F TCGCTGATGCACTGCCTATG Apoe-R CGCAGGTAATCCCAGAAGC
), ArticleFig(id=1198960256668762758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288260452479, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

The primer sequences of real-time quantitative PCR. Gapdh: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; Fxr: Farnesoid X receptor; Fgf15: Fibroblast growth factor 15; Asbt: Apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter; Ostα: Organic solute transporter α; Ostβ: Organic solute transporter β; Ibabp: Intestinal bile acid-binding protein; Cyp7a1: Cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1; Cyp8b1: Cytochrome P450 family 8 subfamily B member 1; Cyp27a1: Cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily A member 1; Fgfr4: Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4; Shp: Small heterodimer partner; Srebp1: Sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1; Acc: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase; Fasn: Fatty acid synthase; Mogat1: Monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1; Pparg: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma; Scd1: Stearoyl coenzyme A desatura 1; Fads1: Fatty acid desaturase 1; Cpt1: Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1; Acox1: Peroxidase acyl coenzyme A oxidase 1; Pparα: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha; Mcad: Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase; Acsl1: Acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 1; Pgc1α: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator 1 alpha; Pgc1β: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator 1 beta; Cd36: Cluster of differentiation 3; Fabp1: Fatty acid binding protein 1; Fatp5: Fatty acid transport protein 5; Fatp2: Fatty acid transport protein 2; Apob: Apolipoprotein B; Mttp: Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein; Apoe: Apolipoprotein E

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primer Sequence (5'-3') Primer Sequence (5'-3')
Gapdh-F AGGTCGGTGTGAACGGATTTG Pparg-R GAGAGGTCCACAGAGCTGATT
Gapdh-R TGTAGACCATGTAGTTGAGGTCA Scd1-F TTCTTGCGATACACTCTGGTGC
Fxr-F CTGGCATCTATGAACTCAGGC Scd1-R CGGGATTGAATGTTCTTGTCGT
Fxr-R CCATTCGCGGCTTCTTTGT Fads1-F AGCACATGCCATACAACCATC
Fgf15-F ATGGCGAGAAAGTGGAACGG Fads1-R TTTCCGCTGAACCACAAAATAGA
Fgf15-R CTGACACAGACTGGGATTGCT Cpt1-F CTCCGCCTGAGCCATGAAG
Asbt-F GTCTGTCCCCCAAATGCAACT Cpt1-R CACCAGTGATGATGCCATTCT
Asbt-R CACCCCATAGAAAACATCACCA Acox1-F TCCAGACTTCCAACATGAGGA
Ostα-F AGATGCGGCTCCTTGGAATTA Acox1-R CTGGGCGTAGGTGCCAATTA
Ostα-R TGGCTGCTTCTTTCGATTTCTG Pparα-F AGAGCCCCATCTGTCCTCTC
Ostβ-F CTTCCAGGAGACGTGATTGAAA Pparα-R ACTGGTAGTCTGCAAAACCAAA
Ostβ-R CCTCCGAAGTCTGGTGATAGTTG Mcad-F AGGGTTTAGTTTTGAGTTGACGG
Ibabp-F CTTCCAGGAGACGTGATTGAAA Mcad-R CCCCGCTTTTGTCATATTCCG
Ibabp-R CCTCCGAAGTCTGGTGATAGTTG Acsl1-F TGCCAGAGCTGATTGACATTC
Cyp7a1-F GCTGTGGTAGTGAGCTGTTG Acsl1-R GGCATACCAGAAGGTGGTGAG
Cyp7a1-R GTTGTCCAAAGGAGGTTCACC Pgc1α-F AAGTGTGGAACTCTCTGGAACTG
Cyp8b1-F CACGGGGATGTCTTCACGG Pgc1α-R GGGTTATCTTGGTTGGCTTTATG
Cyp8b1-R TGAGCACCAGTTCTTTTGCATAG Pgc1β-F TCCTGTAAAAGCCCGGAGTAT
Cyp27a1-F CCAGGCACAGGAGAGTACG Pgc1β-R GCTCTGGTAGGGGCAGTGA
Cyp27a1-R GGGCAAGTGCAGCACATAG Cd36-F ATGGGCTGTGATCGGAACTG
Fgfr4-F GCTCGGAGGTAGAGGTCTTGT Cd36-R GTCTTCCCAATAAGCATGTCTCC
Fgfr4-R CCACGCTGACTGGTAGGAA Fabp1-F TGAAGGCAATAGGTCTGCCC
Shp-F TGGGTCCCAAGGAGTATGC Fabp1-R GTCATGGTCTCCAGTTCGCA
Shp-R GCTCCAAGACTTCACACAGTG Fatp5-F TTCGAAAGAACCAACCCTTCCT
Srebp1-F TGGGTCCCAAGGAGTATGC Fatp5-R GCGTCGTACATTCGCAACAA
Srebp1-R GCTCCAAGACTTCACACAGTG Fatp2-F TCCTCCAAGATGTGCGGTACT
Acc-F TCTGACTCAGTGATTCTTCGCA Fatp2-R TAGGTGAGCGTCTCGTCTCG
Acc-R CCCATAAACATCAGCCAGTTGT Apob-F AAGCACCTCCGAAAGTACGTG
Fasn-F CAAACCTCAGAAGGACCAAACA Apob-R CTCCAGCTCTACCTTACAGTTGA
Fasn-R GTAGGAGGATTATTCCCGTTGTG Mttp-F TCTCACAGTACCCGTTCTT
Mogat1-F TGACCCGGCTATTCCGTGA Mttp-R TCTTCTCCGAGAGACATATCC
Mogat1-R CTGGGCTGAGCAATACAGTTC Apoe-F CTGACAGGATGCCTAGCCG
Pparg-F TCGCTGATGCACTGCCTATG Apoe-R CGCAGGTAATCCCAGAAGC
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1189982048455397383, delFlag=0, nameCn=药学学报, nameEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0513-4870, eissn=null, cn=11-2163/R, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1761643429151, updatedTime=1761735768113, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=A, firstLetterEn=A, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=Life Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, picEn=c4l1ckL55nWbhl1KrFdWIA==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190369346338783397, language=CN, name=药学学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735768160, updatedTime=1761735768160, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190369346376532134, language=EN, name=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735768169, updatedTime=1761735768169, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1189982191388893191, websiteList=[Website(id=1189982271588340489, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189982191388893191, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761643482348, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761643498101, updateBy=18614031015, name=药学学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=药学学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189982873114448678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761643625763, updateTime=1761643625763, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873093477155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761643625758, updateTime=1761643625758, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873135420201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625768, updateTime=1761643625768, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873085088546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=w+t2v8bJnX5lh3+hRRJcDA==, createTime=1761643625756, updateTime=1761643625756, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873152197419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625772, updateTime=1761643625772, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873110254373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761643625762, updateTime=1761643625762, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873143808810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625770, updateTime=1761643625770, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873101865764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761643625760, updateTime=1761643625760, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873122837287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761643625765, updateTime=1761643625765, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873127031592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761643625766, updateTime=1761643625766, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1189982271655449355, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189982191388893191, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761643482364, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761643514085, updateBy=18614031015, name=药学学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189982903015633534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761643632892, updateTime=1761643632892, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902990467707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761643632886, updateTime=1761643632886, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903036605057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632897, updateTime=1761643632897, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902982079098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=w+t2v8bJnX5lh3+hRRJcDA==, createTime=1761643632884, updateTime=1761643632884, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903053382275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632901, updateTime=1761643632901, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903007244925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761643632890, updateTime=1761643632890, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903044993666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632899, updateTime=1761643632899, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902998856316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761643632888, updateTime=1761643632888, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903019827839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761643632893, updateTime=1761643632893, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903028216448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761643632895, updateTime=1761643632895, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=药学学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/aps, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, journalPhotoCn=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, journalPhotoEn=c4l1ckL55nWbhl1KrFdWIA==, journalFirstLetter=A, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0299, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0299, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/PDF/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0299, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/PDF/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0299, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
Fexaramine通过激动肠道FXR改善小鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝病的研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
黄璐瑶 1, 2 , 薛琼雯 1, 2 , 罗亦轩 1, 2 , 王紫轩 1, 2 , 蒋嘉瑞 1, 2 , 徐书杨 1, 2 , 杨莉 1, 2 , 王峥涛 1, 2 , 丁丽丽 1, 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2023,58(11): 3330-3338
收起
收藏切换
药学学报 | 研究论文 2023, 58(11): 3330-3338
Fexaramine通过激动肠道FXR改善小鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝病的研究
全屏
黄璐瑶1, 2, 薛琼雯1, 2, 罗亦轩1, 2, 王紫轩1, 2, 蒋嘉瑞1, 2, 徐书杨1, 2, 杨莉1, 2, 王峥涛1, 2, 丁丽丽1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.上海中医药大学中药研究所, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室暨国家中医药管理局中药新资源与质量评价重点实验室, 上海 201203
  • 2.上海中药标准化研究中心, 上海 201203

通讯作者:

*丁丽丽, Tel: 86-21-51322496, E-mail:
Fexaramine improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice by stimulating intestinal FXR
Lu-yao HUANG1, 2, Qiong-wen XUE1, 2, Yi-xuan LUO1, 2, Zi-xuan WANG1, 2, Jia-rui JIANG1, 2, Shu-yang XU1, 2, Li YANG1, 2, Zheng-tao WANG1, 2, Li-li DING1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
  • 2. Shanghai R & D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
出版时间: 2023-11-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0299
文章导航
收藏切换

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD) 被认为是代谢综合征的表现, 目前已成为危害全球生命健康的慢性疾病之一, 临床上尚缺乏有效治疗药物。法尼醇X受体(farnesoid X receptor, FXR) 是近几年NAFLD研究的一个热门靶点, fexaramine (Fex) 是FXR强效选择性激动剂, 其改善NAFLD的作用机制尚不明确。因此, 本研究采用高脂高胆固醇饮食构建NAFLD小鼠模型, 使用Fex口服干预6周, 评价Fex对NAFLD小鼠糖脂代谢紊乱的改善作用, 并初步探讨其潜在的作用机制。动物实验获得上海中医药大学动物伦理委员会的批准(批准号: PZSHUTCM210913011)。本实验研究发现, 100 mg·kg-1 Fex显著抑制NAFLD小鼠体重增长, 缓解胰岛素抵抗, 改善肝脏损伤和脂质累积。进一步检测Fex对NAFLD小鼠肝肠FXR相关靶基因影响, 并分析血清、肝脏胆汁酸谱和肝脏脂代谢相关基因变化。实验发现Fex激动肠道FXR, 促进成纤维生长因子15 (fibroblast growth factor 15, FGF15) 分泌, 抑制肝脏胆汁酸合成限速酶胆固醇7α-羟化酶(cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1, CYP7A1) 的表达, 负反馈调节胆汁酸合成, 改善胆汁酸代谢紊乱; 同时, Fex降低肝脏脂质合成和吸收、增加脂肪酸氧化, 从而改善肝脏脂质代谢。本研究表明, Fex通过激动肠道FXR-FGF15信号通路, 调节肝脏脂代谢, 发挥改善NAFLD的作用。

fexaramine  /  非酒精性脂肪性肝病  /  法尼醇X受体  /  胆汁酸  /  脂质代谢

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered to be a manifestation of metabolic syndrome and has become one of the chronic diseases that endanger health around the world. There is still a lack of effective therapeutic drugs in clinical practice. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) has been a popular target for NAFLD research in recent years. Fexaramine (Fex) is a potent and selective agonist of FXR, and its mechanism of action to improve NAFLD is unclear. Therefore, in this study, a mouse model of NAFLD was constructed using a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet and treated with Fex orally for 6 weeks. We evaluated the ameliorative effect of Fex on disorders of glucolipid metabolism in NAFLD mice, and preliminarily explored its potential mechanism of action. The animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (approval number: PZSHUTCM210913011). In this study, it was found that 100 mg·kg-1 Fex significantly inhibited body weight gain, alleviated insulin resistance, improved liver injury and lipid accumulation in NAFLD mice. The effect of Fex on the expression of hepatic intestinal FXR and its target genes in NAFLD mice was further examined. Analysis of serum and hepatic bile acid profiles and expression related to hepatic lipid metabolism. It was found that Fex could stimulate intestinal FXR, promote fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) secretion, inhibit the expression of cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 (CYP7A1), the rate-limiting enzyme of bile acid synthesis in liver, regulate bile acid synthesis by negative feedback, and improve the disorder of bile acid metabolism. At the same time, Fex reduces liver lipid synthesis and absorption, increases fatty acid oxidation, thus improving liver lipid metabolism. This study shows that Fex can improve NAFLD by activating intestinal FXR-FGF15 signal pathway and regulating liver lipid metabolism.

fexaramine  /  non-alcoholic fatty liver disease  /  farnesoid X receptor  /  bile acid  /  lipid metabolism
黄璐瑶, 薛琼雯, 罗亦轩, 王紫轩, 蒋嘉瑞, 徐书杨, 杨莉, 王峥涛, 丁丽丽. Fexaramine通过激动肠道FXR改善小鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝病的研究. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (11) : 3330 -3338 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0299
Lu-yao HUANG, Qiong-wen XUE, Yi-xuan LUO, Zi-xuan WANG, Jia-rui JIANG, Shu-yang XU, Li YANG, Zheng-tao WANG, Li-li DING. Fexaramine improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice by stimulating intestinal FXR[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (11) : 3330 -3338 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0299
非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD) 也称原发性非酒精性脂肪性肝病, 是指在没有酒精摄入的情况下, 由于营养、环境和遗传因素之间相互作用所引起以弥漫性肝细胞大泡性脂肪病变为主要特点的临床病理综合征[1-4]。NAFLD通常以肝脏糖异生增加及胰岛素抵抗导致的肝脏脂质过度沉积为基础[5], 从最初简单的肝脂肪变性发展为非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH), 若继续恶化还可能发展成肝硬化和肝细胞癌[6]。随着肥胖、胰岛素抵抗及代谢综合征患病人口的增加, 自20世纪80年代以来, NAFLD患病率较以往升高约20倍[7], 目前已成为全世界主要公共卫生问题之一。NAFLD的治疗方法主要包括3个方面, 生活方式干预、药物治疗和减肥手术, 如胰岛素增敏剂、降脂药物, 以及减肥手术、肝脏移植等, 可以在一定程度上改善NAFLD[8]。然而, 由于NAFLD诊断困难以及发病机制复杂, 目前暂时没有被批准的治疗药物。因此寻找NAFLD治疗的新靶点, 有助于临床药物的研发。
研究表明, 肠道微生物群、胆汁酸(bile acids, BAs)、核受体法尼醇X受体(farnesoid X receptor, FXR) 和肝脏X受体等均与NAFLD的发生发展有关[9]。FXR作为胆汁酸代谢的关键调节因子, 在调节脂质和葡萄糖代谢以及改善炎症反应中发挥着至关重要的作用[10, 11]。FXR在肝脏和回肠中高度表达[12], 其作为转录因子启动多种下游靶基因表达, 对胆汁酸的合成进行负反馈调节。肝脏FXR的激活负反馈调节肝脏胆汁酸合成限速酶胆固醇7α-羟化酶(cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1, CYP7A1) 的表达, 抑制胆汁酸的合成; 肠道FXR激活, 促进成纤维细胞生长因子15/19 (fibroblast growth factor 15/19, FGF15/FGF19) 分泌, 通过肠肝循环进入肝脏中, 调控胆汁酸及糖脂代谢[13]。2016年, 美国食品药品监督管理局批准奥贝胆酸(obeticholic acid, OCA) 用于原发性胆汁性肝硬化的二线治疗, 加速了FXR激动剂的开发和临床应用。作为一种典型的甾体FXR激动剂和合成修饰的胆汁酸, OCA也被开发用于治疗其他肝脏疾病, 包括NASH[14]和原发性硬化性胆管炎[15]。此外, FXR激动剂GSK2324通过激活FXR减少脂质吸收和选择性减少脂肪酸合成来调控肝脏脂质代谢[16]。然而, 严重的瘙痒症和肝功能衰竭等毒副作用限制了FXR激动剂作为治疗药物的批准和广泛使用。设计安全、有效的FXR激动剂目前来说仍然是一个挑战。
Fexaramine (Fex) 是一种非胆汁酸合成活化剂, 对FXR具有高度的选择性, 而对孕烷X受体、组成型雄甾烷受体和维生素D受体等没有明显活性[17]。研究发现, Fex激活肠道FXR促进白色脂肪组织产热和褐变, 减少肥胖和胰岛素抵抗[13]。Fex作为肠道选择性FXR激动剂, 避免全身激动对机体造成的毒副作用, 提高安全性和有效性。本研究评价了Fex对高脂高胆固醇(high-fat and high-cholesterol, HFHC) 饮食诱导NAFLD小鼠代谢表型的改善作用, 并从靶向肠道和肝脏FXR及下游信号通路方面探讨其潜在作用机制, 旨在揭示Fex改善NAFLD的作用机制, 为FXR激动剂开发利用提供实验基础和理论依据。
实验动物   SPF级C57BL/6J野生型雄性小鼠, 6周龄, 体重(20 ± 2 g), 购于上海斯莱克实验动物有限责任公司, 生产许可SCXK (沪) 2017-0005。小鼠饲养于上海中医药大学实验动物中心, 使用许可SYXK (沪) 2021-0009, 饲养条件为: 温度20~25 ℃, 相对湿度45%~55%, 12 h交替照明, 饲料、饮水新鲜无污染, 小鼠自由摄食、饮水。实验方案符合相关政策且通过上海中医药大学动物伦理委员会批准, 批准号: PZSHUTCM210913011。
药品与试剂   高脂高胆固醇饲料(D09100310, 美国Research Diets Inc); fexaramine (BCP15784, 上海瀚香生物科技有限公司); 生物合成人胰岛素注射液(丹麦诺和诺德); 蛋白酶抑制剂(05892791001)、磷酸酶抑制剂(04906837001) (美国Roche公司); 总胆固醇(total cholesterol, TC) 试剂盒(A111-1-1)、甘油三酯(triglyceride, TG) 试剂盒(A110-1-1)、谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase, ALT) 试剂盒(C009-2-1)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase, AST) 试剂盒(C010-2-1) (南京建成生物工程研究所); 小鼠FGF15酶联免疫试剂盒(CSB-EL522052MO, 武汉华美生物工程有限公司); RIPA蛋白裂解液(89901)、蛋白Marker (26616) (美国Thermo公司); 细胞核/细胞浆蛋白抽提试剂盒(20126ES50, 上海翌圣生物科技股份有限公司); 葡萄糖(MB2510-1, 大连美仑生物技术有限公司); ω鼠胆酸(ωMCA)、β鼠胆酸(βMCA)、α鼠胆酸(αMCA)、牛磺ω鼠胆酸(TωMCA)、牛磺β鼠胆酸(TβMCA)、牛磺α鼠胆酸(TαMCA)、牛磺熊去氧胆酸(TUDCA)、牛磺胆酸(TCA)、牛磺猪去氧胆酸(THDCA)、牛磺去氧胆酸(TDCA)、牛磺石胆酸(TLCA)、牛磺鹅去氧胆酸(TCDCA)、甘氨猪去氧胆酸(GHDCA)、甘氨石胆酸(GLCA)、甘氨鹅去氧胆酸(GCDCA)、甘氨熊去氧胆酸(GUDCA)、甘氨去氧胆酸(GDCA)、甘氨胆酸(GCA)、胆酸(CA)、熊去氧胆酸(UDCA)、鹅去氧胆酸(CDCA)、去氧胆酸(DCA)、石胆酸(LCA)、猪去氧胆酸(HDCA) (美国Sigma公司); FXR鼠单克隆抗体(sc-25309, 美国Santa Cruz公司); CYP7A1兔多克隆抗体(ab65596)、胆固醇27-羟化酶(cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily A member 1, CYP27A1) 兔单克隆抗体(ab126785) (英国Abcam公司); GAPDH兔单克隆抗体(#5174)、β-ACTIN兔单克隆抗体(#4970)、LAMIN B1兔单克隆抗体(#13435) (美国Cell Signaling Technology公司); 辣根过氧化物酶标记山羊抗兔IgG (L3012)、辣根过氧化物酶标记山羊抗鼠IgG (L3032) (美国Signalway Antibody公司); RNA提取试剂盒(EZB-RN001-plus, 美国EZBioscience公司); Evo M-MLV反转录试剂(AG11706)、SYBR Green试剂盒(AG11701) (湖南艾科瑞生物工程有限公司)。
实验动物分组、造模   C57BL/6J雄性小鼠(n = 24) 适应性饲养1周后, 随机挑选出正常对照组(CHOW, n = 8), 喂食普通饲料; 剩余小鼠喂养HFHC饲料(40%脂肪、20%果糖和2%胆固醇)。HFHC饮食造模12周后, 将小鼠分为NAFLD模型组(HFHC, n = 8)、Fex组(HFHC + Fex, n = 8)。将化合物Fex (100 mg·kg-1) 加入已粉碎的HFHC饲料中, 重新混匀塑形, 于紫外灯下消毒灭菌, 制成给药组小鼠的饲料。之后继续按照各组别对应的饲料喂食6周, 每周记录各组小鼠的体重、摄食量。
葡萄糖耐量实验   将各组小鼠空腹12 h, 按照每只小鼠2 g·kg-1剂量进行腹腔注射葡萄糖, 并于0、15、30、60和120 min时间点尾尖取血测定血糖值。
胰岛素耐受实验   将各组小鼠空腹5 h, 之后按照每只小鼠0.75 U·kg-1剂量腹腔注射胰岛素, 并于0、15、30、60和120 min时间点尾尖取血测定血糖值。
血清生化指标   使用异氟烷将小鼠麻醉后, 摘眼球取血, 脱颈处死后收集全血。全血于室温静置2 h, 4 ℃、3 500 r·min-1离心15 min, 取上层血清, 按照试剂盒说明书, 测定小鼠血清中TG、TC、ALT和AST含量。
肝脏病理学染色   切取相同部位的肝大叶组织, 于通用型组织固定液中固定, 常规石蜡包埋后切片, 置于载玻片上, 脱蜡后, 按照说明书进行苏木精-伊红染色和油红O染色, 显微镜下观察肝脏组织的形态变化。
胆汁酸检测   取小鼠血清50 µL (肝脏50 mg), 加入300 µL冰甲醇溶液, 涡旋, 充分沉淀蛋白, 4 ℃、15 000 r·min-1离心15 min, 取上清, 氮气吹干, 加入50%甲醇溶液(含内标100 ng·mL-1胆酸d4) 复溶。利用液相色谱-质谱联用系统(Shimadzu CBM-30A高效液相色谱系统, 连接ABSCIEX QTRAP6500质谱系统) 进行检测, 色谱柱为ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3柱(2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.8 µm), 流动相0.01%甲酸-乙腈。
实时荧光定量PCR实验   取50 mg肝脏和回肠样品, 加入500 µL裂解液充分匀浆, 加入氯仿混匀, 离心取上清, 等体积无水乙醇混匀并过吸附柱, 离心; 500 µL Wash Buffer洗涤, 离心后将吸附柱转移至灭菌离心管, 加入洗脱液, 得到RNA。之后RNA浓度进行测定并逆转录。使用QuantStudio 6 Flex实时荧光定量PCR仪进行扩增反应, 根据仪器所测得的CT值, 以Gapdh为内参基因, 采用2-△△CT法计算目标基因的相对表达量, 引物序列信息见表 1
蛋白免疫印迹检测   小鼠肝组织加入RIPA溶液裂解后, 提取总蛋白(核蛋白按照试剂盒说明书提取), BCA法测定蛋白浓度并定量, 蛋白以SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳分离, 恒流转膜, 5% BSA封闭。加入相应抗体(1∶1 000稀释), 于4 ℃摇床孵育过夜, TBST洗涤3次; 加入辣根过氧化物酶偶联的二抗(1∶5 000稀释) 室温孵育2 h, TBST洗涤3次, 最后加入ECL发光试剂进行显影。使用ImageJ软件对蛋白条带图像灰度分析, 以目标蛋白与内参蛋白的比值进行相对定量分析。
小鼠FGF15酶联免疫检测   按照酶联免疫试剂盒说明书进行操作, 配制标准曲线, 依此向孔中加入100 µL标准品溶液和待测样本溶液, 孵育2 h后, 弃去液体并加入100 µL生物素标记抗体工作液, 加入辣根过氧化物酶标记亲和素工作液孵育1 h, 最后加入显色液, 于酶标仪450 nm波长检测吸光度值, 计算FGF15含量。
统计学处理   使用GraphPad Prism 8.4.3软件进行统计学处理, 实验结果均以均数±标准差($ \stackrel{-}{x} $± s) 表示, 多组间比较采用方差分析(one way ANOVA), P < 0.05认为具有统计学意义。*P < 0.05为显著, **P < 0.01为非常显著, ***P < 0.001为极其显著。
图 1A, HFHC饮食诱导小鼠12周, Fex (图 1B) 干预6周。每周检测各组小鼠体重, 图 1C显示, HFHC组小鼠体重持续增加, Fex处理3周后, 小鼠体重显著下降并持续至第6周, 与HFHC组具有显著性差异。并且相较于HFHC组小鼠, Fex组小鼠的摄食量并未因药物加入产生差异(图 1D), 说明在不影响摄食量的情况下, Fex可以抑制NAFLD小鼠的体重增长。
通过血糖稳态的研究发现, 当腹腔注射葡萄糖溶液后, 相较于CHOW组, HFHC组小鼠的血糖在30 min内显著上升, 并在之后的时间内缓慢降低(图 2A)。根据葡萄糖耐量(glucose tolerance test, GTT) 的曲线下面积, 结果表明给予Fex干预能够显著改善NAFLD小鼠的葡萄糖耐量(图 2B)。
当腹腔注射胰岛素溶液后, 与CHOW组相比, HFHC组小鼠血糖下降缓慢, 给予Fex干预60 min后, 血糖降低明显(图 2C)。根据胰岛素耐受(insulin tolerance test, ITT) 的曲线下面积, 结果表明Fex可明显改善NAFLD小鼠的胰岛素抵抗(图 2D)。综上可知, Fex能够调节NAFLD小鼠的糖代谢。
实验结果如图 3A~D所示, 与HFHC组相比, Fex能够显著降低血清TC、TG、ALT、AST的含量, 改善NAFLD小鼠肝脏损伤。此外, 图 3E显示, Fex能够显著降低NAFLD小鼠的肝重与体重比值。肝脏HE染色表明, Fex减少NAFLD小鼠肝脏脂肪空泡大小, 改善脂肪肝气球样病变; 油红染色结果表明, 与HFHC组对比, 给予Fex后肝脏脂滴减小(图 3F)。图 3G病理切片评分进一步分析表明Fex显著减少NAFLD小鼠肝脏脂质堆积, 改善肝脂肪变性。
根据文献报道, Fex通过激动肠道FXR促进脂肪组织褐变, 从而改善肥胖和胰岛素抵抗[13]。本研究通过检测回肠FXR蛋白水平, 发现Fex促进FXR入核, 增加其核内表达(图 4AG)。进一步检测回肠FXR靶基因, 发现Fex显著增加FxrFgf15OstαOstβIbabp基因的表达(图 4B), 促进胆汁酸转运; 降低顶端钠依赖性胆汁酸转运蛋白(apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter, ASBT) 的表达, 抑制胆汁酸重吸收。同时, 图 4C显示Fex增加了血清中FGF15的含量。
在肝脏组织中, 与HFHC组相比, Fex干预对肝脏FXR蛋白表达没有显著影响(图 4DH)。FXR通过调控酶的转录活性, 调节胆汁酸合成, 图 4EFI显示, Fex能够显著降低肝脏胆汁酸合成限速酶CYP7A1、CYP27A1的基因和蛋白表达。回肠肠细胞分泌的FGF15与肝细胞表面成纤维细胞生长因子受体4 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 4, FGFR4) 特异性结合[18, 19], 从而发挥代谢调控功能。给予Fex后, FGF15释放增加, 通过血液循环进入肝脏, 结合并增加Fgfr4基因表达(图 4E)。以上结果说明, Fex对肝脏FXR没有调控作用, 而是选择性激动肠道FXR, 促进FGF15释放, 随后下调肝脏胆汁酸合成相关酶的表达, 负反馈抑制胆汁酸合成。
肠道FXR的激活促进FGF15释放入血, 通过门静脉循环到肝脏中, 负反馈调节胆汁酸代谢[20]。利用LC-MS检测胆汁酸变化, 发现与HFHC组相比, Fex能够降低NAFLD小鼠血清和肝脏胆汁酸水平(图 5AC), 其中胆汁酸TαMCA、TβMCA、TCA、TCDCA、THDCA的降低最为明显(图 5BD)。这表明Fex减小NAFLD小鼠胆汁酸池, 改变血清和肝脏胆汁酸的含量及组成比例, 减少胆汁酸在体内的过度蓄积。同时, 以上结果间接证实肠道FXR被激动而发挥下游的调控功能。
FGF15进入肝脏后, 不仅可以调节胆汁酸代谢, 还能够调控肝脏的脂质代谢[21]。肝脏的脂质代谢通常与脂质的合成、脂肪酸的氧化吸收等相关, 图 6A显示, 与HFHC组相比, Fex显著降低肝脏脂质合成关键酶Srebp1AccFansMogat1Pparg以及脂肪酸合成酶Scd1Fads1基因表达。图 6B显示Fex显著抑制Cd36Fabp1基因表达, 减少脂肪酸吸收。此外, Fex显著增加脂肪酸氧化相关基因Cpt1Acox1PparαMcadAcsl1Pgc1α的表达(图 6C), 并显著上调ApobMttpApoe基因表达(图 6D), 促进极低密度脂蛋白的分泌。以上结果表明, Fex通过降低肝脏脂质合成、增加脂肪酸氧化、降低脂肪酸吸收以及促进极低密度脂蛋白分泌, 改善肝脏脂质代谢, 减少脂肪在肝脏的堆积。
NAFLD是指体内过多的脂肪以TG形式堆积在肝脏中, 随后表现为糖、脂代谢的紊乱, 其与肥胖、糖尿病等多种代谢性疾病密切相关。目前大量文献报道, FXR激活后通过抑制肝脏脂质合成、影响糖异生、减少肝细胞脂肪变性等改善NAFLD[22, 23]。因此, 随着糖脂代谢异常相关疾病发病率的升高, FXR的激动剂作为候选药物被开发用于治疗NAFLD。与正常饮食小鼠相比, HFHC饮食显著增加了小鼠肝脏TC、TG水平, 明显促进NAFLD的发生发展。本研究表明, Fex降低NAFLD小鼠血脂水平, 减少肝脏脂质堆积, 改善糖脂代谢紊乱。Fex是FXR肠道选择性激动剂, 进一步基于FXR激动活性探讨其作用机制。
FXR在调节胆汁酸合成和肠肝循环中发挥着重要的作用。机体在摄食后胆汁酸的分泌增加, FXR作为胆汁酸代谢相关的核受体, 能够响应体内胆汁酸相关信号的变化。肝脏FXR激活诱导小异二聚体伴侣受体(small heterodimer partner, SHP) 表达增加, 下调胆汁酸合成限速酶CYP7A1表达, 负调控胆汁酸的从头合成[24]; 肠道FXR激活促进FGF15分泌, 随后结合肝细胞受体FGFR4和β-Klotho以抑制CYP7A1转录[25], 调节肝脏胆汁酸代谢。FXR/SHP和FXR/FGF19/FGFR4通路是胆汁酸合成的主要负调控路径。此外, FXR通过负反馈抑制ASBT, 增加有机溶质转运蛋白αβ的表达, 调节胆汁酸的转运[26]。本研究表明, Fex激动肠道FXR, 促进下游FGF15的分泌, FGF15通过肠肝循环进入肝脏中, 与FGFR4受体结合, 作用于胆汁酸合成代谢途径的关键酶CYP7A1和CYP27A1, 负反馈调控胆汁酸合成, 减少胆汁酸在肝脏的积聚, 调节胆汁酸代谢。此外, 胆汁酸合成减少间接证实Fex激动肠道FXR而发挥下游的调控功能。
FXR调节糖脂代谢的机制复杂, 涉及胆汁酸、肠道菌群等多靶点, 并且与组织特异性、疾病类型和病理状态有关。肝脏FXR-SHP的激活可以降低脂质合成关键转录因子甾醇调节元件结合蛋白1c (sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c, SREBP-1c) 表达, 调控脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthase, FAS)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(acetyl CoA carboxylase, ACC) 等表达降低肝脏脂质合成[27]。肠道FXR-FGF15激活, 增加肝脏的脂肪酸氧化以及抑制脂肪酸合成, 提高代谢率, 改善葡萄糖和脂质的平衡[28]; FGF15分泌增加能够抑制CREB-PGC-1α途径抑制肝脏糖异生基因表达, 影响肝脏葡萄糖的生成[23]。此外, FXR还可以通过影响肠道微生物和其他靶点调节糖脂代谢, 研究报道激活FXR增加成纤维生长因子21的表达以促进肝脏中脂肪酸氧化, 或改变肠道菌群结构, 调控膜受体G蛋白偶联胆汁酸受体5, 维持代谢稳态[29, 30]。在本研究中, Fex激活肠道FXR, 抑制NAFLD小鼠肝脏脂质合成和吸收, 促进脂肪酸氧化, 这与报道相符。Fex调控肠道FXR-FGF15信号通路, 而不是激活肝脏FXR, 通过介导“肠-肝轴”减少脂肪酸合成和摄取, 增加脂肪酸氧化等降低肝脏脂质水平, 从而改善肝脏脂肪变性, 维持机体代谢稳态。
综上所述, Fex对NAFLD具有显著的改善作用, 其作用机制是通过激动肠道FXR, 促进FGF15分泌增加, 调节肝脏脂质代谢, 减少肝脏脂质堆积并改善胆汁酸代谢紊乱。这些结果可能为Fex改善NAFLD作用提供新的见解, 并为治疗NAFLD实现FXR靶向药物的开发及临床合理应用提供参考。
作者贡献: 黄璐瑶、丁丽丽和杨莉设计实验; 黄璐瑶、薛琼雯、罗艺轩、王紫轩、蒋嘉瑞和徐书杨进行实验数据采集与分析; 丁丽丽和王峥涛修改论文、提供基金支持。
利益冲突: 无利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82122074)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82274165)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
Diehl AM, Day C. Cause, pathogenesis, and treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis[J]. N Engl J Med, 2017, 377: 2063-2072.
[2]
Eslam M, George J. Genetic contributions to NAFLD: leveraging shared genetics to uncover systems biology[J]. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020, 17: 40-52.
[3]
Mitra S, De A, Chowdhury A. Epidemiology of non-alcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver diseases[J]. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020, 5: 16.
[4]
Pappachan JM, Babu S, Krishnan B, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a clinical update[J]. J Clin Transl Hepatol, 2017, 5: 384-393.
[5]
Friedman SL, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Rinella M, et al. Mechanisms of NAFLD development and therapeutic strategies[J]. Nat Med, 2018, 24: 908-922.
[6]
Anstee OM, Reeves HL, Kotsiliti E, et al. From NASH to HCC: current concepts and future challenges[J]. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2019, 16: 411-428.
[7]
Farrell GC, Wong VW, Chitturi S. NAFLD in Asia-as common and important as in the West[J]. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2013, 10: 307-318.
[8]
Ding LL, Zhang E, Yang Q, et al. Vertical sleeve gastrectomy confers metabolic improvements by reducing intestinal bile acids and lipid absorption in mice[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2021, 118: e2019388118.
[9]
Collins SL, Stine JG, Bisanz JE, et al. Bile acids and the gut microbiota: metabolic interactions and impacts on disease[J]. Nat Rev Microbiol, 2023, 21: 236-247.
[10]
Fiorucci S, Rizzo G, Donini A, et al. Targeting farnesoid X receptor for liver and metabolic disorders[J]. Trends Mol Med, 2007, 13: 298-309.
[11]
Chavez-Talavera O, Tailleux A, Lefebvre P, et al. Bile acid control of metabolism and inflammation in obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease[J]. Gastroenterology, 2017, 152: 1679-1694.
[12]
Yang ZX, Shen W, Sun H. Effects of nuclear receptor FXR on the regulation of liver lipid metabolism in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease[J]. Hepatol Int, 2010, 4: 741-748.
[13]
Fang S, Suh JM, Reilly SM, et al. Intestinal FXR agonism promotes adipose tissue browning and reduces obesity and insulin resistance[J]. Nat Med, 2015, 21: 159-165.
[14]
Younossi ZM, Ratziu V, Loomba R, et al. Obeticholic acid for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: interim analysis from a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial[J]. Lancet, 2019, 394: 2184-2196.
[15]
Kowdley KV, Vuppalanchi R, Levy C, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled, phase Ⅱ study of obeticholic acid for primary sclerosing cholangitis[J]. J Hepatol, 2020, 73: 94-101.
[16]
Clifford BL, Sedgeman LR, Williams KJ, et al. FXR activation protects against NAFLD via bile-acid-dependent reductions in lipid absorption[J]. Cell Metab, 2021, 33: 1671-1684.
[17]
Downes M, Verdecia MA, Roecker AJ, et al. A chemical, genetic, and structural analysis of the nuclear bile acid receptor FXR[J]. Mol Cell, 2003, 11: 1079-1092.
[18]
Xie MH, Holcomb I, Deuel B, et al. FGF-19, a novel fibroblast growth factor with unique specificity for FGFR4[J]. Cytokine, 1999, 11: 729-735.
[19]
Wang M, Zhang JY, Wang YW, et al. FGFR4: a promising therapeutic target for liver cancer[J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2021, 56: 1832-1844.
[20]
Schumacher JD, Guo GL. Pharmacologic modulation of bile acid-FXR-FGF15/FGF19 pathway for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis[J]. Handb Exp Pharmacol, 2019, 256: 325-357.
[21]
Kim YC, Seok S, Zhang Y, et al. Intestinal FGF15/19 physiologically repress hepatic lipogenesis in the late fed-state by activating SHP and DNMT3A[J]. Nat Commun, 2020, 11: 5969.
[22]
Watanabe M, Houten SM, Wang L, et al. Bile acids lower triglyceride levels via a pathway involving FXR, SHP, and SREBP-1c[J]. J Clin Invest, 2004, 113: 1408-1418.
[23]
Potthoff MJ, Boney-Montoya J, Choi M, et al. FGF15/19 regulates hepatic glucose metabolism by inhibiting the CREB-PGC-1alpha pathway[J]. Cell Metab, 2011, 13: 729-738.
[24]
Goodwin B, Jones SA, Price RR, et al. A regulatory cascade of the nuclear receptors FXR, SHP-1, and LRH-1 represses bile acid biosynthesis[J]. Mol Cell, 2000, 6: 517-526.
[25]
Inagaki T, Choi M, Moschetta A, et al. Fibroblast growth factor 15 functions as an enterohepatic signal to regulate bile acid homeostasis[J]. Cell Metab, 2005, 2: 217-225.
[26]
Duan XY, Hu JP. Recent advances in drug development targeting bile acids transporters and related disease[J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2022, 57: 3576-3586.
[27]
Mencarelli A, Renga B, D'Amore C, et al. Dissociation of intestinal and hepatic activities of FXR and LXRalpha supports metabolic effects of terminal ileum interposition in rodents[J]. Diabetes, 2013, 62: 3384-3393.
[28]
Fu L, John LM, Adams SH, et al. Fibroblast growth factor 19 increases metabolic rate and reverses dietary and leptin-deficient diabetes[J]. Endocrinology, 2004, 145: 2594-2603.
[29]
Al-Aqil FA, Monte MJ, Peleteiro-Vigil A, et al. Interaction of glucocorticoids with FXR/FGF19/FGF21-mediated ileum-liver crosstalk[J]. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis, 2018, 1864: 2927-2937.
[30]
Pathak P, Xie C, Nichols RG, et al. Intestine farnesoid X receptor agonist and the gut microbiota activate G-protein bile acid receptor-1 signaling to improve metabolism[J]. Hepatology, 2018, 68: 1574-1588.
2023年第58卷第11期
PDF下载
195
73
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0299
  • 接收时间:2023-03-12
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-11-12
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-12
  • 修回日期:2023-05-04
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82122074)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82274165)
作者信息
    1.上海中医药大学中药研究所, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室暨国家中医药管理局中药新资源与质量评价重点实验室, 上海 201203
    2.上海中药标准化研究中心, 上海 201203

通讯作者:

*丁丽丽, Tel: 86-21-51322496, E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0299
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏