Article(id=1198656212251280301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656209390764948, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0219, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1677168000000, receivedDateStr=2023-02-24, revisedDate=1682179200000, revisedDateStr=2023-04-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763711510956, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1697040000000, pubDateStr=2023-10-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763711510956, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763711510956, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763711510956, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198656209390764948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='10', pageStart='2835', pageEnd='3150', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1697040000000', pubDateStr='2023-10-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763711510274, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1763711659007, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198656833280897539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656209390764948, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198656833280897540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656209390764948, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3024, endPage=3031, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198656212549075897, articleId=1198656212251280301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Terpine-4-ol on inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell calcification by improving mitochondrial dynamics, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The aim of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of terpinen-4-ol (T4O) on high glucose (HG) -induced calcification in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC). To investigate the role of T4O on HG-induced calcium deposition, osteogenic phenotypic transformation and mitochondrial dynamics in VSMC, Mdivi-1, a mitochondrial dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp-1) inhibitor, was used to analyze the correlation between mitochondrial dynamics and VSMC calcification and the role of T4O. Alizarin red S staining was used to observe calcium salt deposition and flow cytometry to detect intracellular Ca2+ content; Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of phenotypic switching-related markers α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and Runt related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and mitochondrial dynamics-related markers mitofusin 1 (MFN1), mitofusin 2 (MFN2) and Drp-1. The results showed that low and high doses of T4O could inhibit HG-induced down-regulation of α-SMA, MFN1 and MFN2 expression levels, and up-regulation of BMP2, Runx2 and Drp-1 expression levels, reduce intracellular Ca2+ content and calcium salt deposition, and effectively inhibit HG-induced VSMC calcification and mitochondrial dynamics disorders. The T4O group, Mdivi-1 group and T4O+Mdivi-1 group were able to up-regulate the expression levels of HG-induced α-SMA, MFN1 and MFN2, down-regulate the protein expression levels of BMP2, Runx2 and Drp-1, and inhibit calcium salt deposition, and there was no significant difference between the above indexes in the T4O and T4O+Mdivi-1 groups. The above findings suggest that T4O can inhibit the expression level of Drp-1, regulate the disturbance of mitochondrial dynamics, and suppress HG-induced VSMC calcification.

, authors=null, authorsList=Meng-xin TU, Mei HUANG, Yan-qi ZHANG, Hong-yu CHEN, Xue-yi SHANG, Jin-jin LI, Yi-ni XU, Xiang-chun SHEN, Yan-yan ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiang-chun SHEN, Yan-yan ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198656215552196651, articleId=1198656212251280301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=松油烯-4-醇通过改善线粒体动力学抑制血管平滑肌细胞钙化, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究旨在探讨松油烯-4-醇(terpinen-4-ol, T4O) 对高糖(high glucose, HG) 诱导的血管平滑肌细胞(vascular smooth muscle cell, VSMC) 钙化的作用及机制。研究T4O对HG诱导的VSMC钙质沉积、成骨表型转化及线粒体动力学的作用。采用线粒体动力相关蛋白Drp-1 (dynamin-related protein 1, Drp-1) 抑制剂Mdivi-1分析线粒体动力学和VSMC钙化之间的相关性以及T4O的作用。采用茜素红S染色观察钙盐沉积, 流式细胞术检测细胞内Ca2+含量; Western blot、免疫荧光检测表型转化相关标志物[α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-smooth muscle actin, α-SMA)、骨形态发生蛋白-2 (bone morphogenetic protein 2, BMP2) 和Runt相关转录因子2 (Runt related transcription factor 2, Runx2) 和线粒体动力学相关标志物[线粒体融合蛋白1 (mitofusin 1,MFN1)、线粒体融合蛋白2 (mitofusin 2,MFN2) 和Drp-1] 的表达。结果显示, T4O低、高剂量能够不同程度抑制HG诱导的α-SMA、MFN1、MFN2表达水平的下调, 抑制BMP2、Runx2、Drp-1表达水平的上调, 减少细胞内Ca2+含量和钙盐沉积, 有效抑制HG诱导的VSMC钙化和线粒体动力学紊乱。T4O组、Mdivi-1组、T4O+Mdivi-1组能够上调HG诱导的α-SMA、MFN1、MFN2的表达水平, 下调BMP2、Runx2、Drp-1的蛋白表达水平, 抑制钙盐沉积, 且T4O组与T4O+Mdivi-1组上述指标无明显差异。上述研究结果表明, 松油烯-4-醇能够抑制Drp-1的表达水平, 调节线粒体动力学紊乱, 抑制HG诱导的VSMC钙化。

, authors=null, authorsList=涂梦欣, 黄梅, 张彦琦, 陈虹雨, 尚雪祎, 李金锦, 徐旖旎, 沈祥春, 张彦燕, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=沈祥春, 张彦燕, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*张彦燕, Tel: 86-851-88416149, E-mail: ;
沈祥春, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=jW/gX2NP0xFl7gz6Gt0sjw==, magXml=T8EXbeYjeRbmSGzZdV0BqQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=IYZ0WXapOuGCMVfEA0l4Rw==, pdfFileSize=5936739, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=XtOyJx4vmvJ5PPTrkd51ZQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=etbVPwzIAx9vBTHqEjrCiA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1198960256492601972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656212251280301, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198960256639402626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656212251280301, authorId=1198960256492601972, language=EN, stringName=Meng-xin TU, firstName=Meng-xin, middleName=null, lastName=TU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
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A: The protein expression levels of phenotypic switching-related markers was detected by Western blot; B: Calcium deposition was detected by Alizarin red S staining. Scale bars: 50 μm. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> control. <i>α</i>-SMA: <i>α</i>-Smooth muscle actin; BMP2: Bone morphogenetic protein 2; Runx2: Runt related transcription factor 2 , figureFileSmall=VEJ2+UUDCQzQ0N2JaN8iCg==, figureFileBig=5dMAF0wbWaQhQiIRxqEqkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960263962656847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656212251280301, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Guwg8phcF3B0tYvKIv+9gA==, figureFileBig=VNTb0Vw/sMuZNMHG5aADdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960264193343576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656212251280301, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Effect of terpinen-4-ol (T4O) on the calcium deposition in VSMC induced by HG. A: The content of Ca<sup>2+</sup> in VSMC was detected by flow cytometry; B: Calcium deposition was detected by Alizarin red S staining. Scale bars: 100 μm. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> control; <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> HG. T4O-L: 5 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup> T4O; T4O-H: 20 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup> T4O , figureFileSmall=Guwg8phcF3B0tYvKIv+9gA==, figureFileBig=VNTb0Vw/sMuZNMHG5aADdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960264503722079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656212251280301, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=IV0AYo+m7Qp9TF6MvCNJqQ==, figureFileBig=D51GNu4HP2TMa9Kh17yNBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960264835072104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656212251280301, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Effect of T4O on phenotypic switching of VSMC induced by HG. A: The protein expression levels of phenotypic switching-related marker was detected by Western blot; B: The expression levels of phenotypic switching-related markers were detected by cellular immunofluorescence. Scale bars: 50 μm. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> control; <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> HG , figureFileSmall=IV0AYo+m7Qp9TF6MvCNJqQ==, figureFileBig=D51GNu4HP2TMa9Kh17yNBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960265028010092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656212251280301, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=1qLY1t1cvmwf1Ep+tAkF6A==, figureFileBig=7RvcVPu8upjY3QPPiowvDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960265309028470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656212251280301, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Effect of T4O on mitochondrial dynamic in VSMC induced by HG. The protein expression levels of mitochondrial dynamics-related markers were detected by Western blot. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> control; <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> HG. MFN1: Mitofusin 1; MFN2: Mitofusin 2; Drp-1: Dynamin-related protein 1 , figureFileSmall=1qLY1t1cvmwf1Ep+tAkF6A==, figureFileBig=7RvcVPu8upjY3QPPiowvDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960265539715197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656212251280301, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ZK88TE39KgIBF1U0ZtO8hQ==, figureFileBig=0xm62jmRRlpKlw3sMdznaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960265673932933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656212251280301, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Effects of Mdivi-1 and T4O on phenotypic switching and calcium deposition in VSMC induced by HG. A: The protein expression levels of phenotypic switching-related markers were detected by Western blot; B: Calcium deposition was detected by Alizarin red S staining. Scale bars: 50 μm. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> control; <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> HG , figureFileSmall=ZK88TE39KgIBF1U0ZtO8hQ==, figureFileBig=0xm62jmRRlpKlw3sMdznaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960265774596234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656212251280301, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=CU4Cxta+D9mCpRBFZj4bhA==, figureFileBig=QRQNMee5G/pbVdkRfgJgng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960265879453838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656212251280301, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= Effects of Mdivi-1, an inhibitor of Drp-1 and T4O on mitochondrial dynamics in VSMC induced by HG. 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松油烯-4-醇通过改善线粒体动力学抑制血管平滑肌细胞钙化
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涂梦欣 1, 2 , 黄梅 2 , 张彦琦 2 , 陈虹雨 1, 2 , 尚雪祎 1, 2 , 李金锦 2 , 徐旖旎 2 , 沈祥春 2, * , 张彦燕 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2023,58(10): 3024-3031
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药学学报 |研究论文 2023 , 58 (10) : 3024 -3031
松油烯-4-醇通过改善线粒体动力学抑制血管平滑肌细胞钙化
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涂梦欣1, 2, 黄梅2, 张彦琦2, 陈虹雨1, 2, 尚雪祎1, 2, 李金锦2, 徐旖旎2, 沈祥春2, * , 张彦燕2, *
作者信息
  • 1.贵州医科大学药学院, 贵州 贵阳 550025
  • 2.贵州医科大学天然药物资源优效利用重点实验室, 贵州 贵阳 550025
通讯作者:
*张彦燕, Tel: 86-851-88416149, E-mail: ;
沈祥春, E-mail:
Terpine-4-ol on inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell calcification by improving mitochondrial dynamics
Meng-xin TU1, 2, Mei HUANG2, Yan-qi ZHANG2, Hong-yu CHEN1, 2, Xue-yi SHANG1, 2, Jin-jin LI2, Yi-ni XU2, Xiang-chun SHEN2, * , Yan-yan ZHANG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
  • 2. Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
出版时间: 2023-10-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0219
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本研究旨在探讨松油烯-4-醇(terpinen-4-ol, T4O) 对高糖(high glucose, HG) 诱导的血管平滑肌细胞(vascular smooth muscle cell, VSMC) 钙化的作用及机制。研究T4O对HG诱导的VSMC钙质沉积、成骨表型转化及线粒体动力学的作用。采用线粒体动力相关蛋白Drp-1 (dynamin-related protein 1, Drp-1) 抑制剂Mdivi-1分析线粒体动力学和VSMC钙化之间的相关性以及T4O的作用。采用茜素红S染色观察钙盐沉积, 流式细胞术检测细胞内Ca2+含量; Western blot、免疫荧光检测表型转化相关标志物[α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-smooth muscle actin, α-SMA)、骨形态发生蛋白-2 (bone morphogenetic protein 2, BMP2) 和Runt相关转录因子2 (Runt related transcription factor 2, Runx2) 和线粒体动力学相关标志物[线粒体融合蛋白1 (mitofusin 1,MFN1)、线粒体融合蛋白2 (mitofusin 2,MFN2) 和Drp-1] 的表达。结果显示, T4O低、高剂量能够不同程度抑制HG诱导的α-SMA、MFN1、MFN2表达水平的下调, 抑制BMP2、Runx2、Drp-1表达水平的上调, 减少细胞内Ca2+含量和钙盐沉积, 有效抑制HG诱导的VSMC钙化和线粒体动力学紊乱。T4O组、Mdivi-1组、T4O+Mdivi-1组能够上调HG诱导的α-SMA、MFN1、MFN2的表达水平, 下调BMP2、Runx2、Drp-1的蛋白表达水平, 抑制钙盐沉积, 且T4O组与T4O+Mdivi-1组上述指标无明显差异。上述研究结果表明, 松油烯-4-醇能够抑制Drp-1的表达水平, 调节线粒体动力学紊乱, 抑制HG诱导的VSMC钙化。

松油烯-4-醇  /  血管平滑肌细胞  /  成骨表型转化  /  血管钙化  /  线粒体动力学

The aim of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of terpinen-4-ol (T4O) on high glucose (HG) -induced calcification in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC). To investigate the role of T4O on HG-induced calcium deposition, osteogenic phenotypic transformation and mitochondrial dynamics in VSMC, Mdivi-1, a mitochondrial dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp-1) inhibitor, was used to analyze the correlation between mitochondrial dynamics and VSMC calcification and the role of T4O. Alizarin red S staining was used to observe calcium salt deposition and flow cytometry to detect intracellular Ca2+ content; Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of phenotypic switching-related markers α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and Runt related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and mitochondrial dynamics-related markers mitofusin 1 (MFN1), mitofusin 2 (MFN2) and Drp-1. The results showed that low and high doses of T4O could inhibit HG-induced down-regulation of α-SMA, MFN1 and MFN2 expression levels, and up-regulation of BMP2, Runx2 and Drp-1 expression levels, reduce intracellular Ca2+ content and calcium salt deposition, and effectively inhibit HG-induced VSMC calcification and mitochondrial dynamics disorders. The T4O group, Mdivi-1 group and T4O+Mdivi-1 group were able to up-regulate the expression levels of HG-induced α-SMA, MFN1 and MFN2, down-regulate the protein expression levels of BMP2, Runx2 and Drp-1, and inhibit calcium salt deposition, and there was no significant difference between the above indexes in the T4O and T4O+Mdivi-1 groups. The above findings suggest that T4O can inhibit the expression level of Drp-1, regulate the disturbance of mitochondrial dynamics, and suppress HG-induced VSMC calcification.

terpinen-4-ol  /  vascular smooth muscle cell  /  osteogenic phenotype switching  /  vascular calcification  /  mitochondrial dynamics
涂梦欣, 黄梅, 张彦琦, 陈虹雨, 尚雪祎, 李金锦, 徐旖旎, 沈祥春, 张彦燕. 松油烯-4-醇通过改善线粒体动力学抑制血管平滑肌细胞钙化. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (10) : 3024 -3031 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0219
Meng-xin TU, Mei HUANG, Yan-qi ZHANG, Hong-yu CHEN, Xue-yi SHANG, Jin-jin LI, Yi-ni XU, Xiang-chun SHEN, Yan-yan ZHANG. Terpine-4-ol on inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell calcification by improving mitochondrial dynamics[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (10) : 3024 -3031 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0219
血管钙化(vascular calcification, VC) 是糖尿病患者血管病变的常见类型之一, 也是心血管疾病高死亡率的重要诱导因素[1, 2]。VC主要表现为难溶性羟基磷灰石结晶在血管中膜的异常沉积引起钙化结节的积聚, 从而造成血管弹性与顺应性降低, 加剧心血管风险。VC是一个高度活跃的、由多种细胞因子及成骨基因转录激活参与的病理生理过程, 目前, 对于VC的发病机制尚仍然未阐明。其中, 细胞器功能的失调可能协同参与了细胞生物学功能的改变, 被认为是血管平滑肌细胞(vascular smooth muscle cells, VSMC) 成骨表型转化的原因之一[3-7]
VSMC是血管中膜的主要细胞成分, 其对维持血管张力, 调节血管顺应性至关重要[8, 9]。VSMC从收缩表型转分化为成骨表型, 称之为血管平滑肌细胞表型转化, 是血管钙化的关键环节, 其主要表现为收缩表型标志物α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-smooth muscle actin, α-SMA)、平滑肌22α (smooth muscle 22 alpha, SM22α)、平滑肌肌球蛋白重链11 (smooth muscle myosin heavy chain 11, SM-MHC11) 等表达降低, 成骨表型标志物Runt相关转录因子2 (Runt related transcription factor 2, Runx2)、骨桥蛋白(osteopontin, OPN)、骨形态发生蛋白-2 (bone morphogenetic protein 2, BMP2) 等表达上调[10, 11]。2型糖尿病患者中, 常见其血管中层钙化的病理特征, 且高血糖也被认为是诱导VSMC一系列成骨基因表达与激活的关键诱因[12, 13]。线粒体作为细胞能量代谢的关键调节器, 通过不断分裂与融合维持线粒体稳态, 在维持细胞正常生物学功能方面发挥重要作用。研究显示, 在高糖、高钙等病理因素的诱导下, 线粒体分裂和融合失衡可以直接影响线粒体功能, 是成为驱动VC发展的重要病理过程[14-16]。因此, 以VSMC表型转化为切入点, 深入分析高糖诱导的VSMC成骨分化与线粒体动力学的相关性, 对防治糖尿病血管钙化具有重要意义。
松油烯-4-醇(terpinen-4-ol, T4O) 为单萜类化合物, 是大多数植物精油的主要成分。国内外研究发现, 该化合物具有抗菌、抗炎、抗肿瘤等作用[17, 18]。近年来, 实验室对T4O的血管药理学活性开展了相关的研究工作, 前期研究证实T4O上调SIRT1水平, 调节PERK在K889位点的乙酰化修饰, 可抑制慢性肾病介导的血管钙化[19]。本研究以VSMC表型转分化为切入点, 探讨线粒体动力学与血管钙化的相关性, 系统分析T4O对糖尿病血管钙化的干预作用, 并初步分析其可能涉及的信号机制。
材料与试剂  胎牛血清(美国Gbico公司, 货号10099141C); 松油烯-4-醇(山东西亚化学工业有限公司, 货号562-74-3); 1%茜素红S染液(pH4.2) (北京Solarbio公司, 货号G1452); 钙离子荧光探针、免疫荧光染色试剂盒-抗兔Cy3、免疫荧光染色试剂盒-抗兔Alexa Flou r488、Runx2抗体(江苏碧云天公司, 货号分别为S1060、P0183、P0176、BS91188); Mdivi-1、Empagliflozin (美国MCE公司, 货号分别为HY-15886、HY-15409); α-SMA抗体(美国Cell Signalling Technology公司, 货号#19245); BMP2抗体(美国Abcam公司, 货号ab214821); 线粒体融合蛋白1 (mitofusin 1, MFN1)、线粒体融合蛋白2 (mitofusin 2, MFN2)、线粒体动力相关蛋白Drp-1 (dynamin-related protein 1, Drp-1) 抗体(武汉Proteintech公司, 货号分别为13798-1-AP、12186-1-AP、12957-1-AP)。
细胞培养  大鼠VSMC购自美国ScienCell Research Laboratories细胞库, 培养于4.5 g·L-1高糖(high glucose, HG) DMEM完全培养基中(含10%胎牛血清、1%青霉素和链霉素), 细胞于37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱中培养。
VSMC成骨表型转化细胞模型的建立  体外培养VSMC, 选取生长状态良好的4~7代细胞用于实验。将细胞接种于6孔板中, 待细胞生长至55%左右, 用或不用35 mmol·L-1 HG分别孵育VSMC 2、4和6天。以VSMC收缩表型标志物α-SMA、成骨表型标志物BMP2、Runx2的蛋白表达水平, 以及钙盐沉积为指标, 分析建立细胞模型条件。
实验分组   ①研究松油烯-4-醇对HG诱导的血管钙化及线粒体动力学的作用。实验分为6个组: 正常对照组(control)、甘露醇组(mannitol)、HG组(35 mmol·L-1 HG)、T4O低剂量组(T4O-L, 5 μmol·L-1 T4O + 35 mmol·L-1 HG)、T4O高剂量组(T4O-H, 20 μmol·L-1 T4O + 35 mmol·L-1 HG)、empagliflozin组(20 μmol·L-1 empagliflozin + 35 mmol·L-1 HG)。T4O低、高剂量组、empagliflozin组给予相应浓度的药物预保护2 h后加入HG共孵育6天。②研究松油烯-4-醇及Drp-1的抑制剂Mdivi-1对VC与线粒体动力学的作用。实验分6个组: 正常对照组(control)、Mdiv-1对照组(25 μmol·L-1 Mdivi-1)、HG组(35 mmol·L-1 HG)、Mdivi-1组(25 μmol·L-1 Mdivi-1 + 35 mmol·L-1 HG)、T4O组(20 μmol·L-1 T4O + 35 mmol·L-1 HG)、Mdivi-1+T4O共给药组(20 μmol·L-1 T4O + 25 μmol·L-1 Mdivi-1 + 35 mmol·L-1 HG)。先给予松油烯-4-醇、Drp-1的抑制剂Mdivi-1预孵育2 h后, 各实验组加入HG共孵育6天。
蛋白免疫印迹检测蛋白表达  按照分组进行处理和给药至观察终点。用预冷的PBS洗涤细胞3次, 加入细胞蛋白裂解液, 冰浴摇床裂解30 min后收集裂解物; 根据BCA法测定蛋白浓度, 采用12%的SDS-PAGE对蛋白进行等量分离, 然后将蛋白用湿法转膜至PVDF膜, 5% BSA中封闭2 h, TBST洗膜3次, 加入相应目标蛋白一抗4 ℃孵育过夜。次日回收一抗, TBST洗膜3次。用兔抗或鼠抗室温孵育2 h, 回收二抗, TBST洗膜3次; ECL发光液淋膜并置于暗室显影。最后用Image Lab图像分析软件对捕获图像进行灰度值分析。
细胞茜素红染色检测钙质沉积  各组处理至观测终点时, PBS洗3次, 4%多聚甲醛固定10 min, PBS洗3次, 1%茜素红S染液染色10 min, 迅速PBS洗涤3次, 置于荧光显微镜下拍照。
细胞免疫荧光检测蛋白表达  各给药组处理结束后, PBS洗涤3次; 4%多聚甲醛固定20 min, PBS洗涤3次; 0.2% Triton-X100透化15 min, PBS洗涤3次; 山羊血清封闭30 min后与一抗常温孵育1 h后转移至4 ℃孵育过夜。第二天回收一抗, PBS洗涤3次; 室温下避光与抗兔Cy3、抗兔Alexa Flour 488孵育90 min; PBS洗涤3次; DAPI染核5 min; PBS洗涤3次; 加适量抗淬灭剂封片, 使用Leica DMi8显微镜和LeicaX软件以200倍的放大倍数捕获免疫荧光图像。
流式细胞术检测钙离子含量  给予药物处理至观察终点后, 用PBS润洗细胞2~3次, 加入5 μmol·L-1 Fluo-4 AM并在37 ℃培养箱中避光孵育30 min, 同时设置一组未加Fluo-4 AM的对照组。胰酶消化并收集细胞; 离心后弃掉上清, 1 000 μL PBS重悬细胞, 再次离心, 重复3次; 加入PBS重悬细胞并置于冰上; 上机检测。
统计学分析  所有实验至少独立重复3次, 实验数据以平均值±标准差($ \stackrel{-}{x} $ ± s) 表示, 所得数据采用GraphPad Prism 7进行统计和作图, 多组样本数据组间比较用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA), 两组样本组间两两比较用t检验, 以P < 0.05表示具有统计学差异。
采用35 mmol·L-1 HG分别作用VSMC 2、4和6天后, Western blot结果显示, HG诱导VSMC钙质沉积显著增加, 成骨表型标志物BMP2、Runx2的蛋白表达水平上调, 收缩表型标志物α-SMA的蛋白表达水平下调, 且在作用6天时效果最明显(P < 0.01, 图 1A)。茜素红染色(图 1B) 表明, 与正常组相比, HG孵育VSMC 2、4和6天, 钙质沉积显著增加(P < 0.01)。表型标志物及钙盐沉积均在诱导孵育第6天时具有显著性差异(P < 0.01)。故本研究采用35 mmol·L-1 HG孵育VSMC 6天诱导成骨表型转化模型。
采用茜素红染色和流式细胞术分别检测松油烯-4-醇对HG诱导的VSMC钙盐沉积和细胞内Ca2+含量的影响。结果显示, 经HG诱导后VSMC中Ca2+显著增加, 而松油烯-4-醇高剂量组细胞内Ca2+显著降低(P < 0.01, 图 2A); 松油烯-4-醇低、高剂量及恩格列净组钙盐沉积显著减少(P < 0.01)。以上结果表明, 松油烯-4-醇可以抑制HG诱导的VSMC钙盐异常沉积。
低、高剂量的松油烯-4-醇及恩格列净预处理能够显著上调α-SMA的表达, 下调BMP2、Runx2的表达(P < 0.05, P < 0.01, 图 3A)。此外, 采用细胞免疫荧光技术进一步分析表型转化相关标志物的表达水平, 结果与蛋白免疫印迹结果一致(图 3B)。以上结果表明, 松油烯-4-醇可抑制高糖诱导的VSMC成骨表型转化。
Western blot结果显示, 在HG诱导VSMC后, 线粒体融合蛋白MFN1、MFN2表达显著下调(P < 0.01), 线粒体分裂蛋白Drp-1表达显著上调(P < 0.01), 表明线粒体动力学失衡。低、高剂量松油烯-4-醇及恩格列净干预能够抑制HG诱导的MFN1、MFN2的下调和Drp-1的上调(P < 0.05, P < 0.01)。结果表明, 松油烯-4-醇能改善HG诱导的线粒体动力学紊乱(图 4)。
采用Drp-1的抑制剂Mdivi-1 (25 μmol·L-1) 进一步分析松油烯-4-醇对线粒体动力学及VSMC表型转化的作用。结果显示, 松油烯-4-醇、Mdivi-1及松油烯-4-醇+ Mdivi-1共给药组均能上调HG诱导的α-SMA的表达, 下调BMP2、Runx2的表达(图 5A), 抑制钙盐沉积(图 5B) (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), 且松油烯-4-醇组及松油烯-4-醇+ Mdivi-1共给药组对上述指标无明显差异(P > 0.05)。以上结果提示, 松油烯-4-醇可能通过抑制Drp-1表达抑制VSMC表型转化。
结果显示(图 6), 松油烯-4-醇、Mdivi-1及松油烯-4-醇+ Mdivi-1组均能显著逆转HG诱导的MFN1、MFN2表达下调, Drp-1的表达上调(P < 0.05, P < 0.01)。以上结果提示, 松油烯-4-醇可通过抑制Drp-1表达, 改善线粒体动力学紊乱, 发挥抗血管钙化的作用。
在糖尿病血管并发症中, 高血糖可诱导VSMC的成骨转分化, 从而促进中膜钙化, 恶化心血管系统功能。研究显示, 血管钙化的T2DM患者较非钙化患者具有更高的死亡率, VC已成为公认的糖尿病心血管并发症的独立预测因子[20-22], 积极干预血管钙化对防治糖尿病血管并发症具有重要意义。本实验采用35 mmol·L-1 HG诱导VSMC 2、4和6天后检测钙盐沉积和表型转化相关标志物蛋白表达变化, 结果发现钙盐沉积显著增加, 且呈时间依赖性, VSMC特异性标志物α-SMA表达下调, 参与骨形成的基因BMP2、Runx2蛋白表达上调, 表明HG诱导了VSMC的钙化表型。研究证实, 松油烯-4-醇能够抑制HG诱导的VSMC收缩表型标志物α-SMA的下调, 成骨表型标志BMP2、Runx2的上调, 抑制VSMC向成骨细胞转分化。同时, 松油烯-4-醇显著降低了VSMC细胞内Ca2+含量及钙盐沉积, 减轻了HG诱导的VSMC钙化。本研究首次证实松油烯-4-醇能抑制HG诱导的VSMC钙化, 表明其具有抑制糖尿病血管钙化的药理作用。
由于细胞微环境和细胞器功能的失调, 如线粒体功能损伤、自噬、内质网应激以及细胞器之间的信号通讯阻滞, 这些防御机制的丧失都可能引起细胞生物学功能的损伤。线粒体作为细胞内重要的细胞器, 其不断经历分裂和融合过程的动态调节, 以维持其细胞质中的定位, 满足局部能量需求, 进而维持细胞正常生理功能。研究显示, 线粒体动力学紊乱参与了各种心血管疾病的病理生理学进程[23, 24]。线粒体分裂包括Drp-1转位到线粒体外膜进行组装、GTP水解、最终分裂等过程。研究显示, Drp-1是一种GTPase依赖性酶, 通过一系列受体蛋白被募集到线粒体外膜促进线粒体的分裂过程, 抑制Drp-1过度激活可以减轻血管钙化[16], 在糖尿病中Drp-1介导的线粒体分裂加速动脉粥样硬化的形成[7]。在β-甘油磷酸盐诱导血管钙化中, Drp-1表达上调致线粒体碎片化, 而抑制线粒体分裂可以减轻血管钙化[25]。恩格列净是一种临床用于治疗糖尿病的钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2抑制剂, 研究报道其能抑制Drp-1的表达、增加MFN1和OPA-1的蛋白水平, 从而抑制线粒体分裂, 调节线粒体功能, 改善线粒体功能抑制糖尿病血管和心脏病变[26], 因此基于其调控线粒体动力学的药理活性, 本实验选择其作为阳性药物开展松油烯-4-醇的药效学评价。本研究表明, 松油烯-4-醇、阳性药恩格列净干预后, 均能够抑制HG诱导的Drp-1表达上调, MFN1、MFN2表达下调, 改善HG诱导的VSMC线粒体动力学紊乱, 减轻VSMC钙化。表明松油烯-4-醇可能通过改善线粒体动力学进而抑制糖尿病血管钙化。
已有研究报道, 在钙化的人颈动脉中抑制或者敲低Drp-1能够抑制线粒体分裂, 改善线粒体动力学紊乱进而减轻血管钙化[16, 25]。本研究进一步采用Drp-1的抑制剂Mdivi-1, 探讨线粒体动力学与血管钙化的相关性及松油烯-4-醇的作用。实验结果表明, 松油烯-4-醇、Mdivi-1均能上调HG诱导的α-SMA、MFN1、MFN2的表达水平, 下调BMP2、Runx2、Drp-1的表达水平, 且松油烯-4-醇组与松油烯-4-醇+ Mdivi-1共给药组的上述指标无明显变化。以上结果表明, 松油烯-4-醇抑制糖尿病血管钙化的作用, 可能与抑制Drp-1的表达、改善线粒体动力学紊乱密切相关。
综上, 本研究证实松油烯-4-醇可以抑制HG诱导的VSMC成骨表型转化, 降低细胞Ca2+含量和钙盐沉积, 有效抑制VSMC钙化进程, 其作用机制可能与抑制Drp-1水平、改善线粒体动力学紊乱有关。本文为进一步开展油烯-4-醇防治糖尿病血管钙化的研究奠定实验基础。
作者贡献: 涂梦欣负责完成相关实验研究工作; 黄梅、张彦琦参与实验设计与数据采集; 陈虹雨、尚雪祎和李金锦参与实验结果分析和实验技术的提供; 沈祥春和徐旖旎负责对本课题实验设计思路进行指导与修改论文工作; 张彦燕负责完成论文撰写工作。
利益冲突: 所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82060775)
  • 贵州省科技支撑计划((2020)4Y093)
  • 贵州省科学技术基金资助项目([2020]1Z069)
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2023年第58卷第10期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0219
  • 接收时间:2023-02-24
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-10-12
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  • 收稿日期:2023-02-24
  • 修回日期:2023-04-23
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82060775)
贵州省科技支撑计划((2020)4Y093)
贵州省科学技术基金资助项目([2020]1Z069)
作者信息
    1.贵州医科大学药学院, 贵州 贵阳 550025
    2.贵州医科大学天然药物资源优效利用重点实验室, 贵州 贵阳 550025

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*张彦燕, Tel: 86-851-88416149, E-mail: ;
沈祥春, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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