Article(id=1198656288365314532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656283525087620, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0203, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1676908800000, receivedDateStr=2023-02-21, revisedDate=1679241600000, revisedDateStr=2023-03-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763711529102, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1699718400000, pubDateStr=2023-11-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763711529102, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763711529102, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763711529102, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198656283525087620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='3476', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763711527949, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763711688683, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198656957746872553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656283525087620, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198656957746872554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656283525087620, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3428, endPage=3438, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198656290030453246, articleId=1198656288365314532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Identification and analysis of AP2/ERF gene family of Panax notoginseng and function of PnDREB84 gene, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The AP2/ERF gene family is one of the largest transcription factor families in the plant kingdom, and plays an important role in response to biological and abiotic stresses, plant hormone responses, and plant growth and development. In this study, the AP2/ERF family of Panax notoginseng was identified by bioinformatics methods, and the physicochemical properties, structure, phylogenetic relationship, expression pattern and function of PnDREB4 gene of the family were analyzed. The results showed that 140 AP2/ERF family members were identified in P. notoginseng, which were divided into DREB, ERF, AP2, RAV and Sololit subgroups. The physicochemical properties and motifs of proteins were similar among the subgroups. There were 34 differentially expressed genes in the AP2/ERF family of Fusarium oxysporum infected P. notoginseng plants, and 19 genes were up-regulated. The expression level of PnDREB84 was up-regulated with the extension of Fusarium oxysporum infection time in the range of 0-96 h. The content of ABA and SA in P. notoginseng plants overexpressing PnDREB84 gene increased after 4 ℃ stress. The results showed that PnDREB84 gene plays a dual regulatory role in the process of biological stress and abiotic stress. PnDREB84 gene can be used as a potential molecular marker for the breeding of new varieties of P. notoginseng. The identification of AP2/ERF transcription factor and function analysis of PnDREB84 gene of P. notoginseng provided data support for the analysis of stress resistance mechanism of P. notoginseng and the breeding of new varieties.

, correspAuthors=Lin-lin DONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Shuang-hua ZHANG, Cong HOU, Yu-fei CHENG, Kang NING, Jun-zhi WANG, Lin-lin DONG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198656292186325647, articleId=1198656288365314532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=三七AP2/ERF基因家族鉴定及PnDREB84基因功能初探, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

AP2/ERF基因家族是植物界中的最大转录因子家族之一, 在响应生物与非生物胁迫、参与对植物激素的应答及植物生长发育过程具有重要的作用。本研究利用生物信息学方法对三七AP2/ERF家族进行鉴定, 并分析该家族的蛋白理化性质与结构、系统进化关系、表达模式及PnDREB4基因的功能。结果表明, 在三七中鉴定到140个AP2/ERF家族成员, 分为DREB、ERF、AP2、RAV、Soloist五个亚族, 各亚族间蛋白理化性质和基序分布相似。尖孢镰刀菌侵染三七植株, 其AP2/ERF家族基因中有34个差异表达基因, 19个基因表达上调, 其中PnDREB84在0~96 h范围内随着尖孢镰刀菌侵染时间的延长表达量上调。低温4 ℃胁迫后, 超表达PnDREB84基因的三七植株, 其ABA和SA激素的含量增加。结果表明, PnDREB84基因在生物胁迫和非生物胁迫过程中发挥双重调控作用, PnDREB84基因可作为三七抗逆新品种培育的潜在分子标记。三七AP2/ERF转录因子的鉴定及PnDREB84基因功能分析为三七抗逆机制解析及新品种培育提供数据支撑。

, correspAuthors=董林林, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*董林林, Tel: 18911917789, E-mail:
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BMC Plant Biol, 2019, 19: 506., articleTitle=The ABA-induced soybean ERF transcription factor gene GmERF75 plays a role in enhancing osmotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis and soybean, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1198960243960016997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288365314532, awardId=82274044, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(82274044), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198960244085846134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288365314532, awardId=2022YFC3501804, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3501804), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198960244190703750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288365314532, awardId=202102AA3100481, language=CN, fundingSource=云南省重大科技专项计划(202102AA3100481), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198960236456407406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288365314532, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960236464796013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288365314532, companyId=1198960236456407406, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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A: Changes of <i>PnDREB84</i> gene expression over time; B: Effect of <i>PnDREB84</i> on abscisic acid content at 4 ℃; C: Effect of <i>PnDREB84</i> on salicylic acid content at 4 ℃ , figureFileSmall=0u61UE30K3koCc9CysLqcA==, figureFileBig=QJerX8RDQRz/ESRaTZKlQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960243012104207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288365314532, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primer Sequence (5'-3')
PnDREB84-F TATCAAACACTTCCCAAGACCCT
PnDREB84-R CCGTATTTCCGACACCCATT
Actin-F TTTTGGATTCTGGTGATGGTGT
Actin-R CCGCTCAGCAGTTGTGGTAA
), ArticleFig(id=1198960243288928292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288365314532, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sequence of primers used in the test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primer Sequence (5'-3')
PnDREB84-F TATCAAACACTTCCCAAGACCCT
PnDREB84-R CCGTATTTCCGACACCCATT
Actin-F TTTTGGATTCTGGTGATGGTGT
Actin-R CCGCTCAGCAGTTGTGGTAA
), ArticleFig(id=1198960243481866294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288365314532, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Protein ID Amino acid (aa) Molecular weight/kD Isoelectric point Instability index GRAVY Subcellular localization
1 Pn-01ERF 117 13.14 10.68 26.54 -0.898 Periplasmic
2 Pn-02ERF 204 23.02 9.27 42.71 -0.982 Cytoplasmic
3 Pn-03DREB 202 22.47 6.83 54.11 -0.545 Extracellular
4 Pn-04ERF 314 34.78 5.64 58.85 -0.678 Extracellular
5 Pn-05DREB 162 17.07 4.02 50.99 -0.027 Cytoplasmic
6 Pn-06ERF 204 22.49 9.01 53.65 -0.517 Extracellular
7 Pn-07ERF 158 17.90 5.73 62.07 -0.62 Cytoplasmic
8 Pn-08ERF 105 11.84 10.02 42.3 -0.647 Periplasmic
9 Pn-09ERF 178 20.14 9.77 62.01 -0.512 Cytoplasmic
10 Pn-10DREB 169 18.85 6.21 35.21 -0.447 Cytoplasmic
11 Pn-11ERF 179 20.16 4.66 42.2 -0.684 Cytoplasmic
12 Pn-12ERF 179 20.39 6.16 49.98 -0.749 Cytoplasmic
13 Pn-13AP2 547 60.44 6.11 46.93 -0.709 Extracellular
14 Pn-14ERF 278 31.12 5.34 33.43 -0.665 Extracellular
15 Pn-15DREB 179 19.80 4.96 59.25 -0.646 Extracellular
16 Pn-16ERF 223 24.95 5.13 64.9 -0.643 Extracellular
17 Pn-17ERF 124 14.45 10.07 33.58 -0.71 Cytoplasmic
18 Pn-18DREB 268 29.87 5.33 51.96 -0.359 Cytoplasmic
19 Pn-19ERF 277 30.55 7.89 78.06 -0.581 Extracellular
20 Pn-20ERF 239 27.22 5.91 66.75 -0.6 Outer membrane
21 Pn-21ERF 208 23.59 5.87 57.63 -0.79 Extracellular
22 Pn-22ERF 346 38.93 5.61 66.02 -0.416 Outer membrane
23 Pn-23DREB 301 33.57 6.97 48.89 -0.639 Outer membrane
24 Pn-24ERF 250 28.47 5.2 56.27 -0.72 Cytoplasmic
25 Pn-25DREB 200 22.37 5.19 53.96 -0.547 Cytoplasmic
26 Pn-26ERF 404 45.29 4.63 53.02 -0.779 Extracellular
27 Pn-27ERF 343 39.16 5.19 40.92 -0.633 Cytoplasmic
28 Pn-28ERF 296 32.59 5.92 53.77 -0.719 Extracellular
29 Pn-29DREB 241 26.57 5.2 47.49 -0.56 Extracellular
30 Pn-30ERF 128 14.07 5.12 31.48 -0.722 Cytoplasmic
31 Pn-31RAV 380 42.49 9.27 48.33 -0.728 Outer membrane
32 Pn-32DREB 369 40.54 6.6 74.42 -0.717 Periplasmic
33 Pn-33DREB 345 38.78 8.71 54.2 -0.609 Periplasmic
34 Pn-34DREB 379 42.65 8.19 54.74 -0.587 Extracellular
35 Pn-35DREB 365 40.05 6.26 49.96 -0.503 Extracellular
36 Pn-36RAV 352 40.43 6.34 43.54 -0.527 Outer membrane
37 Pn-37ERF 111 12.17 9.07 76.71 -0.621 Periplasmic
38 Pn-38ERF 119 13.15 9.3 61.14 -0.637 Cytoplasmic
39 Pn-39ERF 275 30.05 7.9 57.22 -0.626 Extracellular
40 Pn-40AP2 557 62.31 6.97 55.09 -0.867 Extracellular
41 Pn-41DREB 154 17.46 8.93 54.38 -1.056 Cytoplasmic
42 Pn-42ERF 430 46.46 6.27 46.96 -0.543 Extracellular
43 Pn-43ERF 204 23.16 8.23 63.73 -0.705 Cytoplasmic
44 Pn-44ERF 206 23.25 7.91 60.38 -0.698 Extracellular
45 Pn-45ERF 188 21.32 6.53 55.84 -0.724 Cytoplasmic
46 Pn-46ERF 220 24.48 8.98 58.82 -0.637 Outer membrane
47 Pn-47ERF 134 15.35 5.19 33.34 -0.915 Cytoplasmic
48 Pn-48ERF 212 24.22 4.82 42.41 -0.588 Cytoplasmic
49 Pn-49ERF 135 15.76 6.96 28.37 -1.187 Cytoplasmic
50 Pn-50ERF 158 17.86 6.63 43.61 -0.96 Cytoplasmic
51 Pn-51RAV 225 25.37 5.38 58.99 -0.583 Extracellular
52 Pn-52ERF 384 43.33 4.97 52.22 -0.824 Cytoplasmic
53 Pn-53ERF 293 31.96 9.23 46.06 -0.41 Extracellular
54 Pn-54ERF 244 27.70 8.9 42.79 -0.978 Periplasmic
55 Pn-55S 256 29.33 8.73 58.17 -0.498 Extracellular
56 Pn-56ERF 235 25.96 5.28 70.62 -0.401 Cytoplasmic
57 Pn-57AP2 672 74.65 6.47 50.38 -0.763 Extracellular
58 Pn-58AP2 299 33.47 6.6 50.31 -0.642 Extracellular
59 Pn-59AP2 577 63.69 6.48 58.21 -0.653 Extracellular
60 Pn-60AP2 541 60.54 6.09 57.76 -0.877 Outer membrane
61 Pn-61AP2 671 74.00 5.85 45.97 -0.765 Extracellular
62 Pn-62ERF 379 41.92 4.91 36.84 -0.669 Periplasmic
63 Pn-63ERF 155 17.66 8.65 60.32 -1.126 Cytoplasmic
64 Pn-64AP2 154 17.57 9.89 60.83 -1.11 Periplasmic
65 Pn-65ERF 227 24.43 6.51 60.55 -0.512 Extracellular
66 Pn-66ERF 160 17.52 9.97 60.73 -0.5 Cytoplasmic
67 Pn-67ERF 301 32.85 9.67 46.68 -0.492 Extracellular
68 Pn-68ERF 221 23.70 8.01 45.4 -0.313 Cytoplasmic
69 Pn-69ERF 227 24.43 6.51 60.55 -0.512 Extracellular
70 Pn-70ERF 160 17.52 9.97 60.73 -0.5 Cytoplasmic
71 Pn-71ERF 221 23.70 8.01 45.4 -0.313 Cytoplasmic
72 Pn-72ERF 301 32.85 9.67 46.68 -0.492 Extracellular
73 Pn-73ERF 340 37.78 5.06 55.19 -0.646 Outer membrane
74 Pn-74ERF 310 35.15 5.47 47.46 -0.815 Extracellular
75 Pn-75ERF 251 28.21 5.49 35.77 -0.891 Extracellular
76 Pn-76DREB 238 25.99 5.99 63.53 -0.606 Extracellular
77 Pn-77DREB 260 28.02 5.04 52.6 -0.527 Extracellular
78 Pn-78DREB 257 27.84 4.88 54.94 -0.513 Extracellular
79 Pn-79DREB 255 28.15 6.47 45.23 -0.713 Extracellular
80 Pn-80ERF 199 22.06 7.71 57.97 -0.8 Cytoplasmic
81 Pn-81DREB 185 19.98 7.68 47.23 -0.891 Extracellular
82 Pn-82DREB 109 11.98 9.83 41.86 -0.714 Cytoplasmic
83 Pn-83DREB 210 23.34 6.9 33.18 -1.024 Extracellular
84 Pn-84DREB 292 31.03 4.99 53.48 -0.523 Extracellular
85 Pn-85ERF 109 11.87 10.12 31.71 -0.971 Extracellular
86 Pn-86ERF 155 17.10 10.16 47.55 -0.375 Cytoplasmic
87 Pn-87AP2 157 18.15 10.47 42.21 -1.124 Cytoplasmic
88 Pn-88ERF 291 32.36 8.84 52.68 -0.53 Extracellular
89 Pn-89ERF 344 38.04 5.66 56.23 -0.809 Extracellular
90 Pn-90ERF 140 15.83 10.09 34.54 -0.788 Cytoplasmic
91 Pn-91DREB 240 26.38 4.95 62.31 -0.536 Extracellular
92 Pn-92ERF 177 19.78 9.98 64.59 -0.783 Periplasmic
93 Pn-93DREB 261 28.87 4.41 44.47 -0.59 Extracellular
94 Pn-94DREB 274 30.83 6.05 57.63 -0.557 Extracellular
95 Pn-95DREB 172 19.51 10.13 49.04 -0.725 Periplasmic
96 Pn-96ERF 157 17.12 5.06 43.82 -0.497 Periplasmic
97 Pn-97AP2 410 46.48 5.36 56.53 -0.879 Extracellular
98 Pn-98ERF 205 23.50 5.32 67.32 -0.935 Cytoplasmic
99 Pn-99ERF 211 23.76 5.6 65.92 -0.782 Cytoplasmic
100 Pn-100ERF 231 26.61 4.73 63.01 -0.628 Cytoplasmic
101 Pn-101ERF 209 23.35 5.01 64.9 -0.67 Outer membrane
102 Pn-102ERF 154 17.05 9.59 55.38 -0.417 Cytoplasmic
103 Pn-103ERF 202 22.38 8.69 62.41 -0.766 Periplasmic
104 Pn-104ERF 287 32.91 5.45 57.85 -0.733 Cytoplasmic
105 Pn-105ERF 373 41.88 4.86 51.11 -0.603 Cytoplasmic
106 Pn-106ERF 375 41.64 4.9 52.02 -0.589 Cytoplasmic
107 Pn-107ERF 213 23.81 4.97 57.19 -0.618 Cytoplasmic
108 Pn-108ERF 226 24.50 9.85 47.88 -0.435 Periplasmic
109 Pn-109ERF 206 22.20 9.03 61.88 -0.537 Cytoplasmic
110 Pn-110S 215 23.68 5.11 54.32 -0.489 Extracellular
111 Pn-111ERF 260 28.61 4.2 49.59 -0.515 Cytoplasmic
112 Pn-112ERF 265 29.35 7.11 66.25 -0.808 Extracellular
113 Pn-113ERF 317 36.04 6.3 73.96 -1.086 Extracellular
114 Pn-114DREB 235 26.03 6.32 49.55 -0.678 Cytoplasmic
115 Pn-115DREB 189 20.92 5 38.73 -0.407 Cytoplasmic
116 Pn-116DREB 269 29.51 5.32 46.68 -0.709 Extracellular
117 Pn-117DREB 452 50.48 5.45 67.06 -0.827 Extracellular
118 Pn-118ERF 205 22.96 6.97 69.37 -0.624 Extracellular
119 Pn-119DREB 108 12.02 9.44 49.94 -0.536 Cytoplasmic
120 Pn-120DREB 334 37.28 5.6 38.04 -0.875 Extracellular
121 Pn-121ERF 168 18.86 9.57 60.1 -0.786 Cytoplasmic
122 Pn-122ERF 167 18.58 9.42 43.89 -0.829 Outer membrane
123 Pn-124ERF 418 47.43 10.16 47.81 -1.041 Extracellular
124 Pn-125ERF 214 23.89 8.22 62.02 -0.729 Cytoplasmic
125 Pn-126ERF 136 15.31 9.99 47.07 -0.651 Cytoplasmic
126 Pn-127ERF 170 18.99 8.08 42.12 -0.709 Cytoplasmic
127 Pn-128DREB 200 22.20 9.88 53.13 -0.695 Extracellular
128 Pn-129DREB 254 28.18 6.33 48.58 -0.261 Periplasmic
129 Pn-130ERF 335 37.27 4.64 47.47 -0.73 Extracellular
130 Pn-131DREB 144 16.15 9.33 29.25 -0.814 Periplasmic
131 Pn-132DREB 151 16.90 8.96 31.42 -0.919 Cytoplasmic
132 Pn-133DREB 155 16.84 8.7 40.57 -0.33 Cytoplasmic
133 Pn-134ERF 331 36.33 5.56 53.14 -0.502 Extracellular
134 Pn-135ERF 379 40.65 8.77 66.35 -0.603 Extracellular
135 Pn-136ERF 106 11.75 5.82 40.02 -0.581 Periplasmic
136 Pn-137ERF 326 36.66 6.13 27.32 -0.423 Outer membrane
137 Pn-138ERF 280 30.58 8.89 37.29 -0.795 Extracellular
138 Pn-139AP2 382 43.03 9.28 54.8 -0.614 Outer membrane
139 Pn-140AP2 99 11.42 10.23 36.34 -1.027 Cytoplasmic
140 Pn-123ERF 144 16.12 9.05 43.67 -0.625 Cytoplasmic
), ArticleFig(id=1198960243620278340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656288365314532, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

Analysis of physicochemical properties of AP2/ERF transcription factors of Panax notoginseng

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Protein ID Amino acid (aa) Molecular weight/kD Isoelectric point Instability index GRAVY Subcellular localization
1 Pn-01ERF 117 13.14 10.68 26.54 -0.898 Periplasmic
2 Pn-02ERF 204 23.02 9.27 42.71 -0.982 Cytoplasmic
3 Pn-03DREB 202 22.47 6.83 54.11 -0.545 Extracellular
4 Pn-04ERF 314 34.78 5.64 58.85 -0.678 Extracellular
5 Pn-05DREB 162 17.07 4.02 50.99 -0.027 Cytoplasmic
6 Pn-06ERF 204 22.49 9.01 53.65 -0.517 Extracellular
7 Pn-07ERF 158 17.90 5.73 62.07 -0.62 Cytoplasmic
8 Pn-08ERF 105 11.84 10.02 42.3 -0.647 Periplasmic
9 Pn-09ERF 178 20.14 9.77 62.01 -0.512 Cytoplasmic
10 Pn-10DREB 169 18.85 6.21 35.21 -0.447 Cytoplasmic
11 Pn-11ERF 179 20.16 4.66 42.2 -0.684 Cytoplasmic
12 Pn-12ERF 179 20.39 6.16 49.98 -0.749 Cytoplasmic
13 Pn-13AP2 547 60.44 6.11 46.93 -0.709 Extracellular
14 Pn-14ERF 278 31.12 5.34 33.43 -0.665 Extracellular
15 Pn-15DREB 179 19.80 4.96 59.25 -0.646 Extracellular
16 Pn-16ERF 223 24.95 5.13 64.9 -0.643 Extracellular
17 Pn-17ERF 124 14.45 10.07 33.58 -0.71 Cytoplasmic
18 Pn-18DREB 268 29.87 5.33 51.96 -0.359 Cytoplasmic
19 Pn-19ERF 277 30.55 7.89 78.06 -0.581 Extracellular
20 Pn-20ERF 239 27.22 5.91 66.75 -0.6 Outer membrane
21 Pn-21ERF 208 23.59 5.87 57.63 -0.79 Extracellular
22 Pn-22ERF 346 38.93 5.61 66.02 -0.416 Outer membrane
23 Pn-23DREB 301 33.57 6.97 48.89 -0.639 Outer membrane
24 Pn-24ERF 250 28.47 5.2 56.27 -0.72 Cytoplasmic
25 Pn-25DREB 200 22.37 5.19 53.96 -0.547 Cytoplasmic
26 Pn-26ERF 404 45.29 4.63 53.02 -0.779 Extracellular
27 Pn-27ERF 343 39.16 5.19 40.92 -0.633 Cytoplasmic
28 Pn-28ERF 296 32.59 5.92 53.77 -0.719 Extracellular
29 Pn-29DREB 241 26.57 5.2 47.49 -0.56 Extracellular
30 Pn-30ERF 128 14.07 5.12 31.48 -0.722 Cytoplasmic
31 Pn-31RAV 380 42.49 9.27 48.33 -0.728 Outer membrane
32 Pn-32DREB 369 40.54 6.6 74.42 -0.717 Periplasmic
33 Pn-33DREB 345 38.78 8.71 54.2 -0.609 Periplasmic
34 Pn-34DREB 379 42.65 8.19 54.74 -0.587 Extracellular
35 Pn-35DREB 365 40.05 6.26 49.96 -0.503 Extracellular
36 Pn-36RAV 352 40.43 6.34 43.54 -0.527 Outer membrane
37 Pn-37ERF 111 12.17 9.07 76.71 -0.621 Periplasmic
38 Pn-38ERF 119 13.15 9.3 61.14 -0.637 Cytoplasmic
39 Pn-39ERF 275 30.05 7.9 57.22 -0.626 Extracellular
40 Pn-40AP2 557 62.31 6.97 55.09 -0.867 Extracellular
41 Pn-41DREB 154 17.46 8.93 54.38 -1.056 Cytoplasmic
42 Pn-42ERF 430 46.46 6.27 46.96 -0.543 Extracellular
43 Pn-43ERF 204 23.16 8.23 63.73 -0.705 Cytoplasmic
44 Pn-44ERF 206 23.25 7.91 60.38 -0.698 Extracellular
45 Pn-45ERF 188 21.32 6.53 55.84 -0.724 Cytoplasmic
46 Pn-46ERF 220 24.48 8.98 58.82 -0.637 Outer membrane
47 Pn-47ERF 134 15.35 5.19 33.34 -0.915 Cytoplasmic
48 Pn-48ERF 212 24.22 4.82 42.41 -0.588 Cytoplasmic
49 Pn-49ERF 135 15.76 6.96 28.37 -1.187 Cytoplasmic
50 Pn-50ERF 158 17.86 6.63 43.61 -0.96 Cytoplasmic
51 Pn-51RAV 225 25.37 5.38 58.99 -0.583 Extracellular
52 Pn-52ERF 384 43.33 4.97 52.22 -0.824 Cytoplasmic
53 Pn-53ERF 293 31.96 9.23 46.06 -0.41 Extracellular
54 Pn-54ERF 244 27.70 8.9 42.79 -0.978 Periplasmic
55 Pn-55S 256 29.33 8.73 58.17 -0.498 Extracellular
56 Pn-56ERF 235 25.96 5.28 70.62 -0.401 Cytoplasmic
57 Pn-57AP2 672 74.65 6.47 50.38 -0.763 Extracellular
58 Pn-58AP2 299 33.47 6.6 50.31 -0.642 Extracellular
59 Pn-59AP2 577 63.69 6.48 58.21 -0.653 Extracellular
60 Pn-60AP2 541 60.54 6.09 57.76 -0.877 Outer membrane
61 Pn-61AP2 671 74.00 5.85 45.97 -0.765 Extracellular
62 Pn-62ERF 379 41.92 4.91 36.84 -0.669 Periplasmic
63 Pn-63ERF 155 17.66 8.65 60.32 -1.126 Cytoplasmic
64 Pn-64AP2 154 17.57 9.89 60.83 -1.11 Periplasmic
65 Pn-65ERF 227 24.43 6.51 60.55 -0.512 Extracellular
66 Pn-66ERF 160 17.52 9.97 60.73 -0.5 Cytoplasmic
67 Pn-67ERF 301 32.85 9.67 46.68 -0.492 Extracellular
68 Pn-68ERF 221 23.70 8.01 45.4 -0.313 Cytoplasmic
69 Pn-69ERF 227 24.43 6.51 60.55 -0.512 Extracellular
70 Pn-70ERF 160 17.52 9.97 60.73 -0.5 Cytoplasmic
71 Pn-71ERF 221 23.70 8.01 45.4 -0.313 Cytoplasmic
72 Pn-72ERF 301 32.85 9.67 46.68 -0.492 Extracellular
73 Pn-73ERF 340 37.78 5.06 55.19 -0.646 Outer membrane
74 Pn-74ERF 310 35.15 5.47 47.46 -0.815 Extracellular
75 Pn-75ERF 251 28.21 5.49 35.77 -0.891 Extracellular
76 Pn-76DREB 238 25.99 5.99 63.53 -0.606 Extracellular
77 Pn-77DREB 260 28.02 5.04 52.6 -0.527 Extracellular
78 Pn-78DREB 257 27.84 4.88 54.94 -0.513 Extracellular
79 Pn-79DREB 255 28.15 6.47 45.23 -0.713 Extracellular
80 Pn-80ERF 199 22.06 7.71 57.97 -0.8 Cytoplasmic
81 Pn-81DREB 185 19.98 7.68 47.23 -0.891 Extracellular
82 Pn-82DREB 109 11.98 9.83 41.86 -0.714 Cytoplasmic
83 Pn-83DREB 210 23.34 6.9 33.18 -1.024 Extracellular
84 Pn-84DREB 292 31.03 4.99 53.48 -0.523 Extracellular
85 Pn-85ERF 109 11.87 10.12 31.71 -0.971 Extracellular
86 Pn-86ERF 155 17.10 10.16 47.55 -0.375 Cytoplasmic
87 Pn-87AP2 157 18.15 10.47 42.21 -1.124 Cytoplasmic
88 Pn-88ERF 291 32.36 8.84 52.68 -0.53 Extracellular
89 Pn-89ERF 344 38.04 5.66 56.23 -0.809 Extracellular
90 Pn-90ERF 140 15.83 10.09 34.54 -0.788 Cytoplasmic
91 Pn-91DREB 240 26.38 4.95 62.31 -0.536 Extracellular
92 Pn-92ERF 177 19.78 9.98 64.59 -0.783 Periplasmic
93 Pn-93DREB 261 28.87 4.41 44.47 -0.59 Extracellular
94 Pn-94DREB 274 30.83 6.05 57.63 -0.557 Extracellular
95 Pn-95DREB 172 19.51 10.13 49.04 -0.725 Periplasmic
96 Pn-96ERF 157 17.12 5.06 43.82 -0.497 Periplasmic
97 Pn-97AP2 410 46.48 5.36 56.53 -0.879 Extracellular
98 Pn-98ERF 205 23.50 5.32 67.32 -0.935 Cytoplasmic
99 Pn-99ERF 211 23.76 5.6 65.92 -0.782 Cytoplasmic
100 Pn-100ERF 231 26.61 4.73 63.01 -0.628 Cytoplasmic
101 Pn-101ERF 209 23.35 5.01 64.9 -0.67 Outer membrane
102 Pn-102ERF 154 17.05 9.59 55.38 -0.417 Cytoplasmic
103 Pn-103ERF 202 22.38 8.69 62.41 -0.766 Periplasmic
104 Pn-104ERF 287 32.91 5.45 57.85 -0.733 Cytoplasmic
105 Pn-105ERF 373 41.88 4.86 51.11 -0.603 Cytoplasmic
106 Pn-106ERF 375 41.64 4.9 52.02 -0.589 Cytoplasmic
107 Pn-107ERF 213 23.81 4.97 57.19 -0.618 Cytoplasmic
108 Pn-108ERF 226 24.50 9.85 47.88 -0.435 Periplasmic
109 Pn-109ERF 206 22.20 9.03 61.88 -0.537 Cytoplasmic
110 Pn-110S 215 23.68 5.11 54.32 -0.489 Extracellular
111 Pn-111ERF 260 28.61 4.2 49.59 -0.515 Cytoplasmic
112 Pn-112ERF 265 29.35 7.11 66.25 -0.808 Extracellular
113 Pn-113ERF 317 36.04 6.3 73.96 -1.086 Extracellular
114 Pn-114DREB 235 26.03 6.32 49.55 -0.678 Cytoplasmic
115 Pn-115DREB 189 20.92 5 38.73 -0.407 Cytoplasmic
116 Pn-116DREB 269 29.51 5.32 46.68 -0.709 Extracellular
117 Pn-117DREB 452 50.48 5.45 67.06 -0.827 Extracellular
118 Pn-118ERF 205 22.96 6.97 69.37 -0.624 Extracellular
119 Pn-119DREB 108 12.02 9.44 49.94 -0.536 Cytoplasmic
120 Pn-120DREB 334 37.28 5.6 38.04 -0.875 Extracellular
121 Pn-121ERF 168 18.86 9.57 60.1 -0.786 Cytoplasmic
122 Pn-122ERF 167 18.58 9.42 43.89 -0.829 Outer membrane
123 Pn-124ERF 418 47.43 10.16 47.81 -1.041 Extracellular
124 Pn-125ERF 214 23.89 8.22 62.02 -0.729 Cytoplasmic
125 Pn-126ERF 136 15.31 9.99 47.07 -0.651 Cytoplasmic
126 Pn-127ERF 170 18.99 8.08 42.12 -0.709 Cytoplasmic
127 Pn-128DREB 200 22.20 9.88 53.13 -0.695 Extracellular
128 Pn-129DREB 254 28.18 6.33 48.58 -0.261 Periplasmic
129 Pn-130ERF 335 37.27 4.64 47.47 -0.73 Extracellular
130 Pn-131DREB 144 16.15 9.33 29.25 -0.814 Periplasmic
131 Pn-132DREB 151 16.90 8.96 31.42 -0.919 Cytoplasmic
132 Pn-133DREB 155 16.84 8.7 40.57 -0.33 Cytoplasmic
133 Pn-134ERF 331 36.33 5.56 53.14 -0.502 Extracellular
134 Pn-135ERF 379 40.65 8.77 66.35 -0.603 Extracellular
135 Pn-136ERF 106 11.75 5.82 40.02 -0.581 Periplasmic
136 Pn-137ERF 326 36.66 6.13 27.32 -0.423 Outer membrane
137 Pn-138ERF 280 30.58 8.89 37.29 -0.795 Extracellular
138 Pn-139AP2 382 43.03 9.28 54.8 -0.614 Outer membrane
139 Pn-140AP2 99 11.42 10.23 36.34 -1.027 Cytoplasmic
140 Pn-123ERF 144 16.12 9.05 43.67 -0.625 Cytoplasmic
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张双华 1, 2 , 侯聪 2 , 程宇飞 2 , 宁康 2 , 汪鋆植 1 , 董林林 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2023,58(11): 3428-3438
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2023, 58(11): 3428-3438
三七AP2/ERF基因家族鉴定及PnDREB84基因功能初探
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张双华1, 2, 侯聪2, 程宇飞2, 宁康2, 汪鋆植1, 董林林2, *
作者信息
  • 1.三峡大学生物与制药学院, 湖北 宜昌 443002
  • 2.中国中医科学院中药研究所, 北京 100700

通讯作者:

*董林林, Tel: 18911917789, E-mail:
Identification and analysis of AP2/ERF gene family of Panax notoginseng and function of PnDREB84 gene
Shuang-hua ZHANG1, 2, Cong HOU2, Yu-fei CHENG2, Kang NING2, Jun-zhi WANG1, Lin-lin DONG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Biological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
  • 2. Institute of Chinese Meteria Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
出版时间: 2023-11-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0203
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AP2/ERF基因家族是植物界中的最大转录因子家族之一, 在响应生物与非生物胁迫、参与对植物激素的应答及植物生长发育过程具有重要的作用。本研究利用生物信息学方法对三七AP2/ERF家族进行鉴定, 并分析该家族的蛋白理化性质与结构、系统进化关系、表达模式及PnDREB4基因的功能。结果表明, 在三七中鉴定到140个AP2/ERF家族成员, 分为DREB、ERF、AP2、RAV、Soloist五个亚族, 各亚族间蛋白理化性质和基序分布相似。尖孢镰刀菌侵染三七植株, 其AP2/ERF家族基因中有34个差异表达基因, 19个基因表达上调, 其中PnDREB84在0~96 h范围内随着尖孢镰刀菌侵染时间的延长表达量上调。低温4 ℃胁迫后, 超表达PnDREB84基因的三七植株, 其ABA和SA激素的含量增加。结果表明, PnDREB84基因在生物胁迫和非生物胁迫过程中发挥双重调控作用, PnDREB84基因可作为三七抗逆新品种培育的潜在分子标记。三七AP2/ERF转录因子的鉴定及PnDREB84基因功能分析为三七抗逆机制解析及新品种培育提供数据支撑。

三七  /  AP2/ERF家族  /  尖孢镰刀菌  /  低温胁迫  /  PnDREB84基因

The AP2/ERF gene family is one of the largest transcription factor families in the plant kingdom, and plays an important role in response to biological and abiotic stresses, plant hormone responses, and plant growth and development. In this study, the AP2/ERF family of Panax notoginseng was identified by bioinformatics methods, and the physicochemical properties, structure, phylogenetic relationship, expression pattern and function of PnDREB4 gene of the family were analyzed. The results showed that 140 AP2/ERF family members were identified in P. notoginseng, which were divided into DREB, ERF, AP2, RAV and Sololit subgroups. The physicochemical properties and motifs of proteins were similar among the subgroups. There were 34 differentially expressed genes in the AP2/ERF family of Fusarium oxysporum infected P. notoginseng plants, and 19 genes were up-regulated. The expression level of PnDREB84 was up-regulated with the extension of Fusarium oxysporum infection time in the range of 0-96 h. The content of ABA and SA in P. notoginseng plants overexpressing PnDREB84 gene increased after 4 ℃ stress. The results showed that PnDREB84 gene plays a dual regulatory role in the process of biological stress and abiotic stress. PnDREB84 gene can be used as a potential molecular marker for the breeding of new varieties of P. notoginseng. The identification of AP2/ERF transcription factor and function analysis of PnDREB84 gene of P. notoginseng provided data support for the analysis of stress resistance mechanism of P. notoginseng and the breeding of new varieties.

Panax notoginseng  /  AP2/ERF family  /  Fusarium oxysporum  /  low temperature stress  /  PnDREB84 gene
张双华, 侯聪, 程宇飞, 宁康, 汪鋆植, 董林林. 三七AP2/ERF基因家族鉴定及PnDREB84基因功能初探. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (11) : 3428 -3438 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0203
Shuang-hua ZHANG, Cong HOU, Yu-fei CHENG, Kang NING, Jun-zhi WANG, Lin-lin DONG. Identification and analysis of AP2/ERF gene family of Panax notoginseng and function of PnDREB84 gene[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (11) : 3428 -3438 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0203
AP2/ERF(APETALA2/ethylene response factor)基因家族是主要存在于植物界中的最大转录因子家族之一, 在物种遗传改良与育种方面具有重要应用价值[1]。AP2/ERF转录因子家族成员至少包含1个高度保守的AP2结构域, 该结构域由60~70个氨基酸组成, 该结构域可以直接与顺式作用元件相互作用来调节靶基因表达[2]。根据保守结构域数量和序列的相似性, AP2/ERF超基因家族分为5个亚家族: DREB (脱水反应元件结合)、ERF (乙烯反应元件结合蛋白)、AP2 (APETALA2) 和RAV (ABI3/VP相关), 以及Soloist (少数未分类因子)[3]。DREB亚家族与ERF亚家族都只包括1个AP2结构域, 两者之间的差别首先在于DREF亚家族AP2结构域的第14和19位氨基酸分别是缬氨酸和谷氨酸, 而ERF亚家族相应位置上分别是丙氨酸和天冬氨酸[3]。此外, 两个亚家族对DNA亲和力和特异性也不同, DREB蛋白可以特异性与A/GCCGAC元件结合; 而ERF亚家族的成员可以特异性结合GCC-box (AGCCGCC元件)[4]。AP2亚家族蛋白包含两个重复的AP2结构域。RAV亚家族除了拥有一个AP2结构域外还有一个B3结构域。Soloist类AP2/ERF转录因子也拥有1个AP2结构域, 此类AP2/ERF转录因子与其他亚家族之间的区别在于其基序与基因结构同其他亚家族的序列存在较大的差异[5]
随着生物信息学和生物技术的发展, 关于对AP2/ERF家族基因的全基因组鉴定和分析已广泛在植物中进行, 包括拟南芥[6]、小麦[7]、葡萄[8]、黄瓜[9]、高粱[10]等单双子叶植物。据报道AP2/ERF转录因子能够提高对生物胁迫的抗性, 在番茄中SlERF.A.1SlERF.B.4SlERF.C.3SlERF.A.3基因在抵抗灰霉病菌侵染过程中必不可少[11]; 在拟南芥中, 过表达AtERF1可以提高植株对包括葡球菌和黄瓜枯萎菌在内的坏死性真菌的抗性; AtERF2AtERF14的功能丧失突变体使植株对尖孢镰刀菌更敏感[12]。同时研究发现AP2/ERF转录因子在非生物胁迫过程中发挥着重要作用, 拟南芥中的AtERF98、水稻中的JCERF011和苜蓿中的MsERF8能够提高其耐盐性[13-15]; 苹果中转录因子 MdERF38促进干旱胁迫诱导的苹果花青素生物合成[16]; 番茄中的ERF.D7基因可以激活生长素反应因子, 调节果实成熟[17], 番茄中的ERF15转录因子能够响应低温胁迫[18]。此外, AP2/ERF家族成员能参与除乙烯信号途径外的其他激素的应答, 例如负调控赤霉素的生物合成, 调节脱落酸生物合成相关基因的表达水平, 茉莉酸响应防御基因的调控[19]等。简言之AP2/ERF转录因子是整合各种植物激素信号的关键调节剂, 响应环境胁迫及非生物胁迫, 这些发现极大地促进对AP2/ERF转录因子的功能的理解。
三七[Panax notoginseng (Burk) F.H.Chen] 为五加科人参属草本植物, 其根、茎入药, 具有散瘀止血、消肿定痛等功效, 在我国已有600多年的种植历史[20]。随着对三七药用价值研究的不断深入, 对三七的应用范围不断扩大, 其市场需求量也在不断增加, 但是由于真菌病害的发生, 以及三七自身对生长环境要求的严苛, 三七的产量和品质受到严重影响。其中, 根腐病是三七生长过程中最严重的病害, 尖孢镰刀菌是三七根腐病的重要致病菌之一[21-23]。作为一种喜温植物, 三七生长适宜温度为13~20 ℃, 每年秋冬时期的低温是影响三七产量与品质的重要因素, 持续低温会导致三七苗冻害, 影响发芽率和发芽质量以及活性成分含量[24-26]。根腐病及低温成为影响三七生长及品质的关键障碍因子, 因此三七抗逆机制的研究及抗性品种的选育迫在眉睫。AP2/ERF转录因子通过调控激素信号转导, 响应环境的胁迫因子, 提升植物的抗逆性, 而三七中AP2/ERF转录因子家族的鉴定及功能研究较为薄弱。因此通过解析三七中AP2/ERF基因响应根腐病及低温的分子机制, 发掘病原菌及低温响应的关键基因, 为三七抗逆新品种的培育及种质创新提供数据基础, 保障三七药材的产量及质量。
本研究基于三七转录组数据, 以生物信息学技术手段鉴定AP/ERF家族基因, 分析其理化性质分析、结构域、系统进化树、表达模式等, 并通过瞬时表达体系解析该家族PnDREB84基因在三七抗逆中的功能。通过三七AP2/ERF转录因子的鉴定及功能分析为三七抗病机制解析及抗病新品种培育提供数据支撑。
三七AP2/ERF转录因子家族的筛选及鉴定  利用Pfam数据库(https://pfam.xfam.org/) 下载含有AP2/ERF家族结构域的隐马尔可夫模型文件PF00847, 通过HMME Rv3.1b1软件中的hmmsearch命令在已发表三七转录组数据(PRJCA005472) 中进行搜索得E ≤ e-5的蛋白序列, 并构建三七本地蛋白信息库。从TAIR数据库(https://www.arabidopsis.org/) 中获得的拟南芥AP2/ERF蛋白序列为探查序列, 使用本地BLASTP程序进行序列比对, 合并HMMER和BLASTP结果删除冗余序列, 得三七AP2/ERF基因蛋白候选序列。将蛋白序列导入Pfam (https://pfam.xfam.org/)、InterPro (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/)、SMART (https://smart.embl.de/) 等在线工具进行结构域预测分析, 去除其中结构域不完整的序列, 得到三七具有AP2结构域的蛋白序列。
三七AP2/ERF转录因子理化性质分析  利用在线网站ExPASy-ProtParam (https://web.expasy.org/protparam/) 对三七AP2/ERF进行理化性质分析, 包括氨基酸数量、分子质量、理论等电点、不稳定系数和亲水性系数, 利用CELLO v2.5 (http://cello.life.nctu.edu.tw/) 进行亚细胞定位分析。
三七AP2/ERF转录因子系统进化分析  利用Clustal W程序对三七和拟南芥AP2/ERF基因家族的蛋白序列进行多序列比对, 参数为默认值。根据多序列比对结果, 利用MEGA软件采用邻接法(neighbor-joining, NJ) 构建系统进化树, Bootstrap值设置为1 000, 借助在线工具EvolView (https://www.evolgenius.info/evolview/#/) 绘制进化树图。
三七AP2/ERF转录因子保守基序分析  利用MEME在线工具(https://meme-suite.org/meme/) 对三七基因蛋白序列上的保守基序进行预测, 保守基序数量设置为10, 其他参数为默认设置, 并采用TBtools软件绘制保守基序图。
尖孢镰刀菌诱导下三七AP2/ERF转录因子表达分析  将来源于云南省三七植株移植于本实验室标准培养室(温度为25 ℃, 16 h光照, 8 h黑暗, 相对湿度为65%~70%), 并制备尖孢镰刀菌孢子悬浮液(每毫升2×106 conidia)。感染前两周将三七植株洗净, 移植于MS培养液水培, 选择长势良好的植株放入装有250 mL孢子悬浮液培养瓶中进行接种, 8 h后移入水培环境[27]。接种后0、12、24、48、72和96 h对根部进行取样, 3次生物学重复, 样品置于液氮中保存。通过TPIplant RNA分离试剂盒(Bioteke, 中国) 提取总RNA, 并由安诺基因公司进行RNA测序。利用本课题组已发表转录组数据(PRJCA005472), 取FPKM的平均值, 利用联川云生物平台(https://www.omicstudio.cn/index) 绘制热图, 分析三七AP2/ERF家族的基因表达模式, 数据处理方法为Log2, 数据处理按行处理。
低温条件下三七中PnDREB84基因表达分析  随机将一年生三七植株分成2组, 实验组置于4 ℃恒温标准培养室(16 h光照, 8 h黑暗, 相对湿度为65%~70%) 进行低温处理, 以25 ℃作为对照组。低温处理后0、2、6、12、24、48 h对叶部进行取样, 3次生物学重复, 样品置于液氮中保存。
低温条件下三七中瞬时转化PnDREB84基因  利用同源重组方法构建OE-PnDREB84过表达载体, 并转化农杆菌GV3101以及空载GV1300, 将鉴定为阳性的含有重组质粒的农杆菌划线, 挑单克隆于加有相应抗生素的LB培养基中, 28 ℃、200 r·min-1培养过夜; 将2 mL菌液转入到50 mL的LB液体培养基中, 相同条件下培养至OD600为0.5~0.6; 3 000 r·min-1离心15 min收集菌体, 弃上清后用重悬液(10 mmol·L-1 MES、10 mmol·L-1 MgCl2、0.2 mmol·L-1乙酰丁香酮) 调整OD值为0.8左右, 室温下静置3 h待用; 取已灭菌注射器, 依靠压力将菌液注入三七叶片的叶脉之间, 在黑暗条件下保温、保湿培养24 h之后恢复正常光照培养24 h (16 h光照, 8 h黑暗)。对所有注射过的三七进行冷胁迫处理, 处理时间为0、6、12、48 h; 在不同处理时间点取样, 3次生物学重复, 样品置于液氮中保存。
三七RNA提取和qRT-PCR  采用快速RNA提取试剂盒(北京华越洋生物科技有限公司), 按照生产厂家的说明书来提取总RNA。使用KR118反转录试剂盒[天根生化科技(北京) 有限公司] 通过一步法合成cDNA。采用Primer 5.0软件设计引物, 以Actin基因作为内参基因, 引物合成由擎科生物科技公司完成(表 1)。使用Star Lighter SYBR Green qPCR Mix试剂盒(北京启衡星生物科技有限公司) 进行qRT-PCR实验。反应程序为: 95 ℃酶激活5 min, 95 ℃变性30 s, 60 ℃退火30 s, 72 ℃延伸1 s, 循环次数为40。基因的相对表达量采用2-ΔΔCt方法计算。
内源植物激素ABA和SA含量的测定  采用液相色谱-质谱联用技术(high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, HPLC-MS) 测定三七中内源激素脱落酸(abscisic acid, ABA) 和水杨酸(salicylic acid, SA) 含量。
标准品  ABA (≥98%, 批号S08A9J67031) 和SA (≥98%, 批号H31A10B96366) 均来自上海源叶生物科技有限公司。
内源激素提取  精密称取三七叶片样品150 mg置2 mL Ep管中, 加入1 mL甲醇/水/甲酸(75∶20∶5, v/v/v) (MWA), 9 000 r·min-1涡旋研磨30 s, 重复3次, 14 000 r·min-1 (4 ℃) 条件下离心10 min, 吸取上清液, 0.22 μm尼龙针头滤器过滤, 取续滤液于棕色进样瓶中供LC-MS分析。
测定条件  液相条件: 色谱柱为Agilent Eclipse plus C18 (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.8 μm), 流动相为A: 水(0.1%甲酸); B: 乙腈, 梯度洗脱: 0 min, 30% B; 0~5 min, 30%~40% B; 5~7 min, 40%~60% B; 7~10 min, 60%~100% B; 10~12 min, 100% B。流速为0.3 mL·min-1, 进样量为10 μL, 柱温30 ℃。质谱条件: ESI离子源, MRM模式。离子源条件为干燥气温度(gas temp): 300 ℃, 干燥气流量(gas flow): 10 L·min-1, 雾化器压力(nebulizer): 45 psi, 毛细管电压(capillary): 4 000 V。
从三七转录组数据库中获得73 273条抗性蛋白序列, 构建成三七抗性蛋白数据库, 通过HMMER和BLASTP比对分别鉴定到了145个和150个AP2/ERF基因, 将两次鉴定的结果合并、去除重复序列后提交到Pfam、Inter Pro、SMART数据库中验证AP2结构域, 去除没有AP2结构域且结构不完整的序列, 最终得到140个三七AP2/ERF蛋白序列。
三七AP2/ERF蛋白序列进行理化性质分析(表 2), 结果表明, 三七AP2/ERF家族成员之间存在较大差异, 氨基酸长度变化范围在99~672个氨基酸之间, 平均长度为252个氨基酸。此外, 蛋白质分子质量介于11.423~74.651 kDa, 理论等电点介于4.02~10.68, 等电点的平均值为7.12, GRAVY均为负值, 表明三七AP2/ERF蛋白均为亲水性蛋白。亚细胞定位结果显示, 54个AP2/ERF蛋白定位在细胞质中, 58个AP2/ERF蛋白定位在细胞外、12个AP2/ERF蛋白定位在细胞外膜, 16个AP2/ERF蛋白定位在周质中。
由149条拟南芥AP2/ERF氨基酸序列与140条三七AP2/ERF氨基酸序列构建的系统进化树。结果显示: 三七AP2/ERF转录因子可分为DREB、ERF、AP2、RAV以及Soloist在内的5个亚家族, 并可进一步分成6个进化枝(图 1)。三七AP2/ERF基因家族在各亚家族中的分布并不均匀, 其中DREB亚家族包含36个基因, 占基因总数的25.71%; ERF亚家族包含87个基因, 占三七AP2/ERF基因家族总数62.14%; AP2亚家族包含12个基因, 占基因总数的8.57%; RAV亚家族包含3个基因, Soloist (未明确分类) 仅有2个基因。
利用MEME进行结构域motif组成分析, 在140个三七AP2/ERF蛋白中鉴定到了10个保守的motif结构, 同一亚家族蛋白成员之间的motif分布相似(图 2)。结果表明, motif1和motif2普遍存在于所有PnAP2/ERF蛋白中, 代表着高度保守的AP2结构域, 不同亚家族motif组成有差异, 且每个成员motif的个数在3~6个, 如AP2亚家族中含有特异性motif5, DREB中含有motif7, RAV亚家族中含有motif 4, 猜想是B3结构域。
尖孢镰刀菌侵染0、12、24、48、72、96 h, 三七AP2/ERF转录因子表达存在差异(图 3)。基于转录组数据, 以|log2Foldchange| ≥ 1, padj < 0.05为标准进行差异基因的筛选, 从140个PnAP2/ERF基因中筛选出34个差异表达基因, 其中PnDREB亚家族成员13个, PnERF亚家族成员18个, PnAP2亚家族成员1个, PnRAV亚家族成员1个, PnSoloist亚家族成员1个。该家族表达模式大致可聚为2类: 随着侵染时间的延长表达下调和上调两种表达模式。PnERF亚家族18个差异表达基因中有9个基因在尖孢镰刀菌感染后表现为下调(如PnERF9PnERF21PnERF26PnERF42); PnDREB亚家族差异基因成员6个下调表达(如PnDREB33PnDREB78PnDREB94PnDREB115), 7个基因上调表达(如PnDREB18PnDREB29PnDREB84PnDREB91); PnAP2PnRAVPnSoloist亚族的差异基因表达均上调。其中PnDREB84基因在0~96 h范围内随着尖孢镰刀菌侵染时间的延长表达量持续增加, 选择该基因进行后续功能分析。
为了明确低温胁迫下三七PnDREB84基因表达情况, 运用qRT-PCR技术分析了低温条件下(4 ℃) PnDREB84基因表达量。与对照相比(25 ℃组), 4 ℃处理6 h后, 三七PnDREB84的表达量显著高于对照组; 低温处理12 h三七PnDREB84的表达量显著高于对照组34倍; 低温处理24 h三七PnDREB84的表达量显著高于对照组20倍; 而低温处理48 h PnDREB84相对表达量与对照组无显著差异(图 4)。结果表明, PnDREB84能快速响应4 ℃低温胁迫, 且表达量依赖处理时间, 并且在低温处理12 h时PnDREB84表达量达到最高。
为了探究PnDREB84是否通过影响ABA或者SA的含量来增加三七的低温抗性, 分析低温处理下三七植株超表达PnDREB84基因的表达情况及ABA和SA内源激素的含量。结果表明, 低温胁迫处理(4 ℃) 0~48 h, 与对照组相比(未表达基因植株, CK) 及表达空载的幼苗组(P+1300), 超表达目的基因的三七幼苗PnDREB84基因表达量显著高于对照组(图 5A)。超表达目的基因的三七幼苗内源激素ABA含量显著高出对照组及表达空载幼苗组(P+1300) 的45%~90% (图 5B)。低温处理后三七幼苗叶片中SA含量有明显积累(图 5C), 超表达目的基因的三七植株中SA含量比对照组和空载组显著高60%~80%。结果表明, PnDREB84基因的高表达, 增加三七植株SA及ABA的含量。
本研究共鉴定到140个三AP2/ERF转录因子家族基因, 将其分为5个亚家族, 其中DREB类基因36个、ERF类87个、AP2类12个、RAV类3个以及Soloist类2个基因。本结果与拟南芥、水稻、玉米等物种的研究结果类似, ERF亚家族成员最多, 然后依次是DREB、AP2、RAV亚族, Soloist类成员少数存在[6-9]。三七AP2/ERF转录因子家族成员的亚细胞定位与多数转录因子的情况一样, 大部分三七AP2/ERF蛋白位于细胞核内, 少部分存在于叶绿体、细胞质和细胞膜, 表明三七AP2/ERF蛋白的多个成员可能在三七的生长发育过程中行使不同功能。系统进化分析结果表明, PnAP2/ERF转录因子家族成员在进化树上大致可以分为8个分支, 其中ERF亚族成员并没有完整的聚集在一起而是分成了两部分, 这可能是因为各个转录因子功能不同而导致进化速度不同, 从而没有聚集在一起。Motif预测分析结果表明, 三七AP2/ERF转录因子家族成员的Motif较多且较为复杂, 每个三七AP2/ERF转录因子含有3~6个不等的保守基序, 其中Motif1和Motif2存在于所有PnAP2/ERF蛋白中, 推测Motif1和Motif2组成AP2结构域, 不同成员间保守基序的数量与分布不同可能揭示基因的不同功能。
在生物胁迫(尖孢镰刀菌) 下, 三七AP2/ERF基因中有34个差异表达基因, 差异基因并没有表现出一致的上调或者下调, 暗示不同PnAP2/ERF基因在调控三七非生物胁迫过程中可能分工不同。生物胁迫下不同AP2/ERF基因表现出差异性, 例如在番茄中AP2/ERF基因在抵抗灰霉病菌侵染过程中SlERF.A.1SlERF.B.4SlERF.C.3SlERF.A.3表达量出现差异[11], AP2/ERF家族基因在生物胁迫及非生物胁迫下功能具有多样性, 例如马铃薯中的ERF3基因参与抵抗黑胫病菌的侵染[28], 拟南芥中的ERF1基因通过作用于乙烯信号传导上游成分参与对抗病原体[29], TaERF1结合GCC-box和DRE/CRT元件来调节小麦对非生物胁迫的反应[7], 丹参中SmERF128基因能够调节丹参酮的合成[30]。三七中PnDREB84PnERF49PnDREB29PnDREB91PnERF125等基因随着侵染时间的延长基因表达量逐渐升高, 表明这些基因能够响应尖孢镰刀菌的侵染, 推测这些基因在三七对抗生物胁迫过程中发挥重要作用。为了探究该基因是否在三七生物胁迫和非生物胁迫中发挥双重调控作用, 选择生物胁迫下持续表达基因PnDREB84进行后续功能分析。
低温胁迫下, PnDREB84基因表达量随着低温处理时间的延长先升高后降低, 在第12 h其表达量是对照组的34倍, PnDREB84基因能够快速响应低温胁迫, 猜想与该亚族能够和特异性元件结合有关, DREB转录因子通过识别与结合低温响应基因的启动子上顺式作用元件(A/GCCGAC) 激活其表达[31]。在拟南芥中, 存在3个冷诱导的DREB基因(DREB1BDREB1CDREB1A), 这3个基因被认为是适应冷胁迫过程中的激活子[32]。水稻中, 过表达OSDREB6基因增强了转基因水稻对低温的抗性。玉米的ZmDREB1AZmDREB2A基因也参与了低温信号转导途径[27]
内源激素能响应多种非生物胁迫, 是植物应对逆境压力的主要信号因子, 能调节植物抵抗非生物逆境的过程[33]。超表达PnDREB84基因提高三七植株SA和ABA的含量, 推测三七中PnDREB84基因可能通过参与SA和ABA的调控来响应低温进而提高其抗低温能力。有研究表明, 在丹参中过表达SmERF1L1能够提高SA含量[34], 大豆中GmERF75能够响应ABA的调节提高其非生物胁迫的抗性[35]。结果表明, AP2/ERF转录因子可参与激素调控进而提高植物的抗逆性。
综上所述, 在三七中鉴定了140个AP2/ERF家族基因; 尖孢镰刀菌处理三七植株, 其AP2/ERF家族基因中有34个差异表达基因; PnDREB84基因的高表达增加三七ABA和SA激素的含量。初步表明, PnDREB84基因在生物胁迫和非生物胁迫过程中发挥双重调控作用, PnDREB84基因可作为三七抗逆新品种培育的潜在分子标记。本研究为三七抗逆机制解析、遗传育种及种质创新提供基础。
作者贡献: 张双华负责文章撰写及数据分析; 侯聪、程宇飞负责实验设计及论文修改; 宁康负责数据分析和实验材料的收集; 汪鋆植指导文章撰写并提出修改意见; 董林林负责论文设计及项目开展。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82274044)
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3501804)
  • 云南省重大科技专项计划(202102AA3100481)
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2023年第58卷第11期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0203
  • 接收时间:2023-02-21
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-11-12
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  • 收稿日期:2023-02-21
  • 修回日期:2023-03-20
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(82274044)
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3501804)
云南省重大科技专项计划(202102AA3100481)
作者信息
    1.三峡大学生物与制药学院, 湖北 宜昌 443002
    2.中国中医科学院中药研究所, 北京 100700

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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