Article(id=1198628604482514969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198628599835227075, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0191, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1676649600000, receivedDateStr=2023-02-18, revisedDate=1684684800000, revisedDateStr=2023-05-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763704928750, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1686499200000, pubDateStr=2023-06-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763704928750, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763704928750, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763704928750, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198628599835227075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='6', pageStart='0', pageEnd='1724', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1686499200000', pubDateStr='2023-06-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763704927643, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1766137690373, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208832346359468483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198628599835227075, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208832346359468484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198628599835227075, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1464, endPage=1474, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198628604826447914, articleId=1198628604482514969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Effect and mechanism investigation on improving kidney deficient in mice of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata based on plasma metabolomics, columnId=1198628600783142971, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Special Reports: Research on Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Integrative Pharmacology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Plasma nontargeted metabolomics technology was developed for investigating the effect and mechanism of improving kidney deficient in mice of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata. Thirty-five ICR mice were randomly divided into the control group, the model group, the BB24 h (braising with black bean sauce for 24 hours) group, the BB32 h group, and the BB40 h group. Biochemical indices in blood plasma of mice were measured by collecting eye blood after modeling. Changes in plasma endogenous metabolites of mice from each group were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-linear trap quadrupole-orbitrap XL (UPLC-LTQ-orbitrap XL), and differential metabolites were screened. The results of pharmacodynamic investigation showed that compared to the model group, the levels of estradiol increased obviously in the BB24 h (P < 0.05), and the levels of cortisol increased obviously in BB32 h (P < 0.05). The hormone level of mice with kidney deficiency was significantly improved after taking processed Polygonum multiflorum. A total of 70 differential endogenous metabolites in blood plasma of mice were identified from all treatment groups, which mainly involved glycerophospholipid meta-bolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, and linoleic acid metabolism. The study indicated that Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata may play the role of tonifying liver and kidney by improving the disorder of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and regulating lipid metabolism in mice. Correlation analysis on differential metabolites in blood plasma and the chemical constituents showed that stilbene glycosides and saccharides may be the key pharmacodynamic material basis. The present study provides a new reference and theoretical foundation for revealing the potential pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism investigation on tonifying liver and kidney of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata. This study was carried out following the ethical guidelines and regulations for the use of laboratory animals of the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and passed the animal experimental ethical review [No. SYXK (Jing) 2019-0003].

, authors=null, authorsList=Peng ZHANG, Yu-di XU, Ping ZHOU, Jing ZHANG, Hai-nan JI, Yong-qing XIAO, Ying LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yong-qing XIAO, Ying LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198628607586300063, articleId=1198628604482514969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于血浆代谢组学研究制何首乌改善小鼠肾虚的作用机制, columnId=1198628601970131008, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=专题报道: 基于整合药理学的中医药现代化研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

运用血浆非靶代谢组学探究制何首乌改善小鼠肾虚的作用机制。将35只ICR小鼠随机分为空白组(C)、模型组(M) 以及黑豆汁炖24 h (braising with black bean sauce for 24 h, BB24 h)、32 h (BB32 h)、40 h (BB40 h) 制何首乌给药组。造模后连续给药14天, 取血检测生化指标, 并通过超高效液相-线性离子阱-轨道阱串联质谱(UPLC-LTQ-orbitrap XL) 测定各组小鼠血浆中内源性代谢物的变化, 筛选差异代谢物。实验结果显示, 与模型组相比, 黑豆汁炖24 h给药组中雌激素(estradiol, E2) 水平显著升高(P < 0.05); 黑豆汁炖32 h给药组中皮质醇(cortisol, Cort) 水平显著升高(P < 0.05), 制何首乌对肾虚小鼠的激素水平有明显改善。制何首乌干预治疗后, 小鼠血浆中共发现70个差异代谢物, 主要涉及甘油磷脂代谢、花生四烯酸代谢、苯丙氨酸代谢、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸的生物合成、亚油酸代谢等5条通路。研究提示制何首乌可能是通过改善小鼠下丘脑—垂体—肾上腺轴的紊乱并调节脂质代谢的水平, 从而发挥补肝肾的作用。血浆中的差异代谢物与化学成分群的相关性分析发现二苯乙烯苷类及糖类成分可能是制何首乌发挥补肾作用的药效物质基础。本文为揭示制何首乌发挥补肾作用的潜在药效物质基础及补肝肾作用机制研究提供了新的参考和依据。本研究涉及的动物实验操作均遵循中国中医科学院中药研究所实验动物福利伦理委员会的规定并通过动物实验伦理审查[批准号: SYXK (京) 2019-0003]。

, authors=null, authorsList=张鹏, 许煜迪, 周萍, 张晶, 姬海南, 肖永庆, 刘颖, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=肖永庆, 刘颖, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*肖永庆, Tel: 86-10-84040221, E-mail: ;
刘颖, E-mail:
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J Pharm Pharmacol, 2021, 73: 796-807., articleTitle=Distinct metabonomic signatures of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata against glucolipid metabolic disorders, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1199640574757274574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628604482514969, awardId=CI2021A04207, language=CN, fundingSource=中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A04207), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1199640574845354959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628604482514969, awardId=81773903, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金面上项目(81773903), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1199640574912463827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628604482514969, awardId=ZZ13-YQ-042, language=CN, fundingSource=中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(ZZ13-YQ-042), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1199640574996349907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628604482514969, awardId=ZXKT21021, language=CN, fundingSource=中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(ZXKT21021), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1199640575109596117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628604482514969, awardId=ZXKT23011, language=CN, fundingSource=中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(ZXKT23011), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1199640565907292915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628604482514969, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1199640565915681524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628604482514969, companyId=1199640565907292915, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1199640565924070133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628604482514969, companyId=1199640565907292915, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国中医科学院中药研究所, 北京 100700)]), AuthorCompany(id=1199640566058287868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628604482514969, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1199640566066676475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628604482514969, companyId=1199640566058287868, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Weifang NO.2 People's Hospital, Weifang 261041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1199640566075065086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628604482514969, companyId=1199640566058287868, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.潍坊市第二人民医院, 山东 潍坊 261041)]), AuthorCompany(id=1199640566188311297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628604482514969, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1199640566196699908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628604482514969, companyId=1199640566188311297, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1199640566209282821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628604482514969, companyId=1199640566188311297, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.北京大学医学部, 北京 100191)]), AuthorCompany(id=1199640566326723340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628604482514969, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1199640566339306254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628604482514969, companyId=1199640566326723340, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4. Institute of Chemicals Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100123, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1199640566347694864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628604482514969, companyId=1199640566326723340, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.中国检验检疫科学研究院化学品安全研究所, 北京 100123)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1199640571255030692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628604482514969, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=nOYAuxXYej/wWSt6ZEh3UQ==, figureFileBig=Ae9RIsjQs8JBz3sw7s3o3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199640571355693989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628604482514969, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Liver and kidney tissue sections from each group of mice (400×). Control: control group; Model: Model group; D24-40 h: Braising with black bean sauce for 24, 32, and 40 h groups. A: Liver tissue sections of mice; B: Kidney tissue sections of mice , figureFileSmall=nOYAuxXYej/wWSt6ZEh3UQ==, figureFileBig=Ae9RIsjQs8JBz3sw7s3o3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199640571527660459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628604482514969, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=TxtrAXbT+gT8ObHYLu0Idw==, figureFileBig=o4s5arDMcuOwjTxXnse5RQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199640572693676974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628604482514969, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Effect of the extract of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata with braising with black bean sauce in 24-40 h on the level of biochemical indices in blood plasma of mice. <i>n</i> = 7, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> model group. C: Control group; M: Model group; A: Testosterone levels in blood plasma of mice between five groups; B: Estradiol levels in blood plasma of mice between five groups; C: Luteinizing hormone levels in blood plasma of mice between five groups; D: Follicle-stimulating hormone levels in blood plasma of mice between five groups; E: Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone levels in blood plasma of mice between five groups; F: Cortisol levels in blood plasma of mice between five groups , figureFileSmall=TxtrAXbT+gT8ObHYLu0Idw==, figureFileBig=o4s5arDMcuOwjTxXnse5RQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199640572895003569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628604482514969, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=iq7VjEz8awOi9FLORKjiGQ==, figureFileBig=2Uq1pIZovoP121tniHcLkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199640573079552948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628604482514969, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Multivariate analyses in metabolites of mice plasma from different groups. A1: PCA scores plot of metabolites in mice plasma between the control group and model group; A2: PCA scores plot (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup><i>X</i> = 74.2%, <i>Q</i><sup>2</sup> = 21.9%) based on differential metabolites in mice plasma from five groups. B1: OPLS-DA score plot (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup><i>Y</i> = 95.4%, <i>Q</i><sup>2</sup> = 68%) based on metabolites of different variables in mice plasma from five groups; B2: The cross-validated scores for OPLS-DA model. Green represents the C group, square represents the M group, red represents the BB24 h group, yellow represents the BB32 h group, and rhombus represents the BB40 h group separately , figureFileSmall=iq7VjEz8awOi9FLORKjiGQ==, figureFileBig=2Uq1pIZovoP121tniHcLkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199640573264102324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628604482514969, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=OJOMrJdCpdGMbsDbG/2VfQ==, figureFileBig=+eX7ZeIoktx2XlnIKEvaTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199640573511566262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628604482514969, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Metabolic pathways of differential metabolites in blood plasma of mice between M group (A) and BB32 h group (B) , figureFileSmall=OJOMrJdCpdGMbsDbG/2VfQ==, figureFileBig=+eX7ZeIoktx2XlnIKEvaTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199640573729670075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628604482514969, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=HpRVzJx7vNDokGbWKVPLUw==, figureFileBig=+H36KNbhpoOp2yetT3zwXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199640573838721982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628604482514969, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Pearson correlation analysis on differential metabolites and 105 chemical components. Red: Up-regulated; Blue: Down-regulated. Rows: Differential metabolites in blood plasma of mice from BB24-40 h groups; Columns: Concentrations of 105 chemical components in Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata. Chemical components were classified into seven categories according to their chemical structures: 25 types of stilbene and derivatives (Comp1-25), 10 types of anthraquinone and derivatives (Comp26-42), 15 types of flavonoid and derivatives (Comp43-61), 7 types of tannin and derivatives (Comp62-71), 11 types of organic acids (Comp72-83), 4 types of saccharides (Comp102-105), and 17 types of other chemical components (Comp84-101). Furthermore, components that were not significantly correlated with pharmacological effects were excluded from the rows , figureFileSmall=HpRVzJx7vNDokGbWKVPLUw==, figureFileBig=+H36KNbhpoOp2yetT3zwXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199640573947773888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628604482514969, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Testing itemControl groupModel group
Adrenal gland/mg·g-10.621 ± 0.2350.365 ± 0.025*
Uterus/mg·g-16.915 ± 0.1705.857 ± 0.275**
Ovary/mg·g-11.532 ± 0.0621.423 ± 0.018*
Testis/mg·g-18.021 ± 0.4366.671 ± 0.127**
Epididymis/mg·g-13.140 ± 0.2102.843 ± 0.116*
Duration of low temperature swimming/s306 ± 17256 ± 20**
), ArticleFig(id=1199640574149100484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628604482514969, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Organ indexes and swimming endurance test of mice between model group and control group. n = 7, x ± s. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs control group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Testing itemControl groupModel group
Adrenal gland/mg·g-10.621 ± 0.2350.365 ± 0.025*
Uterus/mg·g-16.915 ± 0.1705.857 ± 0.275**
Ovary/mg·g-11.532 ± 0.0621.423 ± 0.018*
Testis/mg·g-18.021 ± 0.4366.671 ± 0.127**
Epididymis/mg·g-13.140 ± 0.2102.843 ± 0.116*
Duration of low temperature swimming/s306 ± 17256 ± 20**
), ArticleFig(id=1199640574300095432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628604482514969, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
MetaboliteRT/minVIPAUCFDRChemical classFold-change
M/C group
(-)10(11)-EpDPA7.351.420.98357.52×10-4Fatty acid0.53↓
Malondialdehyde0.531.190.96248.03×10-4Fatty acid0.20↓
Acetyl-L-carnitine0.592.851.00424.43×10-6Acylcarnitine1.38↑
L-Acetylcarnitine0.592.851.00424.43×10-6Acylcarnitine1.38↑
2-Hydroxybutanoic acid0.713.991.00248.03×10-4Amino acids and derivatives0.70↓
3-Hydroxybutyric acid0.714.021.00248.03×10-4Amino acids and derivatives0.70↓
L-Valine0.572.260.82455.69×10-4Amino acids and derivatives1.34↑
D-Glucopyranose0.531.080.96613.55×10-5Carbohydrate1.51↑
D-Glucose0.531.060.94678.02×10-5Carbohydrate1.49↑
Acetyl-methylcholine0.572.470.96718.52×10-5Choline1.79↑
12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid7.432.511.00424.43×10-6Eicosanoid0.51↓
5(S), 15(S)-DiHETE6.891.200.98455.69×10-4Eicosanoid0.07↓
Hepoxilin A36.871.210.98455.69×10-4Eicosanoid0.06↓
PC(14∶0e/20∶1)13.301.200.88455.69×10-4Phosphatidylcholine0.33↓
PC(14∶1(9Z)/22∶1(13Z))13.161.620.90416.04×10-4Phosphatidylcholine0.55↓
PC(o-16∶1(9Z)/18∶0)13.301.060.86455.69×10-4Phosphatidylcholine0.35↓
Hypoxanthine0.622.470.98416.04×10-4Purine2.70↑
Inosine0.621.191.00248.03×10-4Purine nucleoside8.21↑
2, 6-Dihydroxypurine0.571.230.98103.78×10-4Purines and purine derivatives2.69↑
3-(5-Phenyl-1, 3-oxazol-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine0.571.781.00150.31×10-4Pyridine7.05↑
BB32 h/M group
Docosahexaenoic acid8.552.951.00350.06×10-4Fatty acid0.76↓
Arachidonic acid8.713.201.0037.48×10-3Fatty acid0.68↓
Linoleic acid8.851.671.00250.59×10-5Fatty acid0.74↓
Lactic acid0.627.020.9247.51×10-3Fatty acid0.91↓
2-Hydroxyvaleric acid2.291.000.90185.71×10-4Fatty acid0.36↓
Hydroxyisovaleric acid2.291.060.86146.26×10-4Fatty acid0.32↓
11Z-Octadecenylcarnitine7.881.450.90779.58×10-5Carnitine1.60↑
9-Hexadecenoylcarnitine7.221.090.88779.58×10-5Carnitine1.64↑
Acetyl-L-carnitine0.592.850.98551.28×10-5Acylcarnitine0.82↓
Cis-5-Tetradecenoylcarnitine6.611.110.96304.77×10-5Carnitine1.84↑
L-Acetylcarnitine0.592.850.98551.28×10-5Acylcarnitine0.82↓
Linoleyl carnitine7.401.170.98305.18×10-5Carnitine1.86↑
Palmitoyl carnitine7.751.790.86891.01×10-5Carnitine1.37↑
Tetradecanoyl carnitine7.031.070.98131.93×10-5Carnitine1.98↑
2-Hydroxybutanoic acid0.713.990.98312.08×10-5Amino acids and derivatives1.59↑
3-Hydroxybutyric acid0.714.020.98312.08×10-5Amino acids and derivatives1.59↑
3-Indoleacrylic acid2.831.270.94394.57×10-5Amino acids and derivatives1.83↑
Indoxyl sulphuric acid3.271.171.00304.77×10-5Amino acids and derivatives4.77↑
L-Leucine0.672.391.00352.91×10-6Amino acids and derivatives1.83↑
L-Phenylalanine1.411.471.00331.02×10-5Amino acids and derivatives2.27↑
L-Tryptophan2.832.010.9432.93×10-4Amino acids and derivatives1.92↑
Glycerophosphocholine0.501.081.00112.52×10-5Glycerophospholipid0.56↓
Acetyl-methylcholine0.572.470.73350.06×10-4Choline1.24↑
Choline0.543.201.00784.72×10-7Choline0.78↓
1-O-Hexadecyl-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine7.481.120.98128.45×10-4Glycerophosphocholine0.80↓
LysoPC(16∶1(9Z))6.721.730.98305.18×10-5Lysophosphatidylcholine0.82↓
LysoPC(17∶0)7.701.941.00312.08×10-5Lysophosphatidylcholine0.75↓
LysoPC(18∶1(11Z))7.464.120.98151.14×10-4Lysophosphatidylcholine0.84↓
LysoPC(18∶2(9Z, 12Z))6.955.641.00304.77×10-5Lysophosphatidylcholine0.88↓
LysoPC(18∶3(6Z, 9Z, 12Z))6.641.29409.68×10-4Lysophosphatidylcholine0.73↓
LysoPC(20∶0)9.031.150.96151.14×10-4Lysophosphatidylcholine0.46↓
LysoPC(20∶3(5Z, 8Z, 11Z))7.222.160.96487.17×10-4Lysophosphatidylcholine0.77↓
LysoPC(22∶5(7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z, 19Z))6.901.310.9827.58×10-3Lysophosphatidylcholine0.73↓
LysoPC 18∶36.641.290.90409.68×10-4Lysophosphatidylcholine0.73↓
PC(14∶0e/20∶1)13.31.200.94394.57×10-5Phosphatidylcholine4.62↑
PC(14∶0e/3∶0)7.701.941.00366.46×10-5Phosphatidylcholine0.76↓
PC(14∶0e/5∶0)8.601.781.00126.39×10-5Phosphatidylcholine0.56↓
PC(14∶1e/2∶0)6.721.740.98305.18×10-5Phosphatidylcholine0.82↓
PC(14∶1e/4∶0)7.464.120.98151.14×10-4Phosphatidylcholine0.84↓
PC(16∶2e/2∶0)6.955.641.00304.77×10-5Phosphatidylcholine0.88↓
PC(18∶1/18∶1)13.166.5843.75×10-3Phosphatidylcholine1.77↑
PC(18∶3e/22∶3)13.161.410.9083.48×10-4Phosphatidylcholine0.30↓
PC(18∶5e/4∶0)6.901.061.00264.54×10-4Phosphatidylcholine0.74↓
PC(19∶2/19∶2)13.191.300.8037.48×10-3Phosphatidylcholine1.68↑
PC(20∶3/20∶4)13.321.231.0016.98×10-3Phosphatidylcholine1.75↑
PC(o-16∶1(9Z)/18∶0)13.301.060.96131.93×10-5Phosphatidylcholine4.35↑
PC(o-18:0/22:6(4Z, 7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z, 19Z))13.141.250.90878.37×10-5Phosphatidylcholine0.31↓
Inosine0.621.191.00962.45×10-6Purine nucleoside0.44↓
Hypoxanthine0.622.471.00131.93×10-5Purine0.60↓
SM(d18∶0/24∶1(15Z))14.082.471.00457.79×10-4Sphingolipid6.49↑
SM(d18∶1/22∶0)13.381.170.98264.54×10-4Sphingolipid5.61↑
3-(5-Phenyl-1, 3-oxazol-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine0.571.781.00748.42×10-7Pyridine0.38↓
), ArticleFig(id=1199640574480450507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628604482514969, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

Information on differential metabolites in blood plasma of mice between C group and M group, BB32 h group and M group. Common differential metabolites between the model group and BB 32 h group, ↑: Up-regulation; ↓: Down-regulation. RT: Retention time; VIP: Variable importance in projection; AUC: Area undercurve; FDR: False discovery rate; EpDPA: Epoxy-docosapentaenoic acid; PC: Glycerophosphatidylcholine; LysoPC: Lysophosphatidylcholine; SM: Sphingolipid

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
MetaboliteRT/minVIPAUCFDRChemical classFold-change
M/C group
(-)10(11)-EpDPA7.351.420.98357.52×10-4Fatty acid0.53↓
Malondialdehyde0.531.190.96248.03×10-4Fatty acid0.20↓
Acetyl-L-carnitine0.592.851.00424.43×10-6Acylcarnitine1.38↑
L-Acetylcarnitine0.592.851.00424.43×10-6Acylcarnitine1.38↑
2-Hydroxybutanoic acid0.713.991.00248.03×10-4Amino acids and derivatives0.70↓
3-Hydroxybutyric acid0.714.021.00248.03×10-4Amino acids and derivatives0.70↓
L-Valine0.572.260.82455.69×10-4Amino acids and derivatives1.34↑
D-Glucopyranose0.531.080.96613.55×10-5Carbohydrate1.51↑
D-Glucose0.531.060.94678.02×10-5Carbohydrate1.49↑
Acetyl-methylcholine0.572.470.96718.52×10-5Choline1.79↑
12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid7.432.511.00424.43×10-6Eicosanoid0.51↓
5(S), 15(S)-DiHETE6.891.200.98455.69×10-4Eicosanoid0.07↓
Hepoxilin A36.871.210.98455.69×10-4Eicosanoid0.06↓
PC(14∶0e/20∶1)13.301.200.88455.69×10-4Phosphatidylcholine0.33↓
PC(14∶1(9Z)/22∶1(13Z))13.161.620.90416.04×10-4Phosphatidylcholine0.55↓
PC(o-16∶1(9Z)/18∶0)13.301.060.86455.69×10-4Phosphatidylcholine0.35↓
Hypoxanthine0.622.470.98416.04×10-4Purine2.70↑
Inosine0.621.191.00248.03×10-4Purine nucleoside8.21↑
2, 6-Dihydroxypurine0.571.230.98103.78×10-4Purines and purine derivatives2.69↑
3-(5-Phenyl-1, 3-oxazol-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine0.571.781.00150.31×10-4Pyridine7.05↑
BB32 h/M group
Docosahexaenoic acid8.552.951.00350.06×10-4Fatty acid0.76↓
Arachidonic acid8.713.201.0037.48×10-3Fatty acid0.68↓
Linoleic acid8.851.671.00250.59×10-5Fatty acid0.74↓
Lactic acid0.627.020.9247.51×10-3Fatty acid0.91↓
2-Hydroxyvaleric acid2.291.000.90185.71×10-4Fatty acid0.36↓
Hydroxyisovaleric acid2.291.060.86146.26×10-4Fatty acid0.32↓
11Z-Octadecenylcarnitine7.881.450.90779.58×10-5Carnitine1.60↑
9-Hexadecenoylcarnitine7.221.090.88779.58×10-5Carnitine1.64↑
Acetyl-L-carnitine0.592.850.98551.28×10-5Acylcarnitine0.82↓
Cis-5-Tetradecenoylcarnitine6.611.110.96304.77×10-5Carnitine1.84↑
L-Acetylcarnitine0.592.850.98551.28×10-5Acylcarnitine0.82↓
Linoleyl carnitine7.401.170.98305.18×10-5Carnitine1.86↑
Palmitoyl carnitine7.751.790.86891.01×10-5Carnitine1.37↑
Tetradecanoyl carnitine7.031.070.98131.93×10-5Carnitine1.98↑
2-Hydroxybutanoic acid0.713.990.98312.08×10-5Amino acids and derivatives1.59↑
3-Hydroxybutyric acid0.714.020.98312.08×10-5Amino acids and derivatives1.59↑
3-Indoleacrylic acid2.831.270.94394.57×10-5Amino acids and derivatives1.83↑
Indoxyl sulphuric acid3.271.171.00304.77×10-5Amino acids and derivatives4.77↑
L-Leucine0.672.391.00352.91×10-6Amino acids and derivatives1.83↑
L-Phenylalanine1.411.471.00331.02×10-5Amino acids and derivatives2.27↑
L-Tryptophan2.832.010.9432.93×10-4Amino acids and derivatives1.92↑
Glycerophosphocholine0.501.081.00112.52×10-5Glycerophospholipid0.56↓
Acetyl-methylcholine0.572.470.73350.06×10-4Choline1.24↑
Choline0.543.201.00784.72×10-7Choline0.78↓
1-O-Hexadecyl-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine7.481.120.98128.45×10-4Glycerophosphocholine0.80↓
LysoPC(16∶1(9Z))6.721.730.98305.18×10-5Lysophosphatidylcholine0.82↓
LysoPC(17∶0)7.701.941.00312.08×10-5Lysophosphatidylcholine0.75↓
LysoPC(18∶1(11Z))7.464.120.98151.14×10-4Lysophosphatidylcholine0.84↓
LysoPC(18∶2(9Z, 12Z))6.955.641.00304.77×10-5Lysophosphatidylcholine0.88↓
LysoPC(18∶3(6Z, 9Z, 12Z))6.641.29409.68×10-4Lysophosphatidylcholine0.73↓
LysoPC(20∶0)9.031.150.96151.14×10-4Lysophosphatidylcholine0.46↓
LysoPC(20∶3(5Z, 8Z, 11Z))7.222.160.96487.17×10-4Lysophosphatidylcholine0.77↓
LysoPC(22∶5(7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z, 19Z))6.901.310.9827.58×10-3Lysophosphatidylcholine0.73↓
LysoPC 18∶36.641.290.90409.68×10-4Lysophosphatidylcholine0.73↓
PC(14∶0e/20∶1)13.31.200.94394.57×10-5Phosphatidylcholine4.62↑
PC(14∶0e/3∶0)7.701.941.00366.46×10-5Phosphatidylcholine0.76↓
PC(14∶0e/5∶0)8.601.781.00126.39×10-5Phosphatidylcholine0.56↓
PC(14∶1e/2∶0)6.721.740.98305.18×10-5Phosphatidylcholine0.82↓
PC(14∶1e/4∶0)7.464.120.98151.14×10-4Phosphatidylcholine0.84↓
PC(16∶2e/2∶0)6.955.641.00304.77×10-5Phosphatidylcholine0.88↓
PC(18∶1/18∶1)13.166.5843.75×10-3Phosphatidylcholine1.77↑
PC(18∶3e/22∶3)13.161.410.9083.48×10-4Phosphatidylcholine0.30↓
PC(18∶5e/4∶0)6.901.061.00264.54×10-4Phosphatidylcholine0.74↓
PC(19∶2/19∶2)13.191.300.8037.48×10-3Phosphatidylcholine1.68↑
PC(20∶3/20∶4)13.321.231.0016.98×10-3Phosphatidylcholine1.75↑
PC(o-16∶1(9Z)/18∶0)13.301.060.96131.93×10-5Phosphatidylcholine4.35↑
PC(o-18:0/22:6(4Z, 7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z, 19Z))13.141.250.90878.37×10-5Phosphatidylcholine0.31↓
Inosine0.621.191.00962.45×10-6Purine nucleoside0.44↓
Hypoxanthine0.622.471.00131.93×10-5Purine0.60↓
SM(d18∶0/24∶1(15Z))14.082.471.00457.79×10-4Sphingolipid6.49↑
SM(d18∶1/22∶0)13.381.170.98264.54×10-4Sphingolipid5.61↑
3-(5-Phenyl-1, 3-oxazol-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine0.571.781.00748.42×10-7Pyridine0.38↓
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基于血浆代谢组学研究制何首乌改善小鼠肾虚的作用机制
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张鹏 1 , 许煜迪 1 , 周萍 2 , 张晶 1, 3 , 姬海南 4 , 肖永庆 1, * , 刘颖 1, *
药学学报 | 专题报道: 基于整合药理学的中医药现代化研究 2023,58(6): 1464-1474
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药学学报 |专题报道: 基于整合药理学的中医药现代化研究 2023 , 58 (6) : 1464 -1474
基于血浆代谢组学研究制何首乌改善小鼠肾虚的作用机制
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张鹏1, 许煜迪1, 周萍2, 张晶1, 3, 姬海南4, 肖永庆1, * , 刘颖1, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国中医科学院中药研究所, 北京 100700
  • 2.潍坊市第二人民医院, 山东 潍坊 261041
  • 3.北京大学医学部, 北京 100191
  • 4.中国检验检疫科学研究院化学品安全研究所, 北京 100123
通讯作者:
*肖永庆, Tel: 86-10-84040221, E-mail: ;
刘颖, E-mail:
Effect and mechanism investigation on improving kidney deficient in mice of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata based on plasma metabolomics
Peng ZHANG1, Yu-di XU1, Ping ZHOU2, Jing ZHANG1, 3, Hai-nan JI4, Yong-qing XIAO1, * , Ying LIU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
  • 2. Weifang NO.2 People's Hospital, Weifang 261041, China
  • 3. Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
  • 4. Institute of Chemicals Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100123, China
出版时间: 2023-06-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0191
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运用血浆非靶代谢组学探究制何首乌改善小鼠肾虚的作用机制。将35只ICR小鼠随机分为空白组(C)、模型组(M) 以及黑豆汁炖24 h (braising with black bean sauce for 24 h, BB24 h)、32 h (BB32 h)、40 h (BB40 h) 制何首乌给药组。造模后连续给药14天, 取血检测生化指标, 并通过超高效液相-线性离子阱-轨道阱串联质谱(UPLC-LTQ-orbitrap XL) 测定各组小鼠血浆中内源性代谢物的变化, 筛选差异代谢物。实验结果显示, 与模型组相比, 黑豆汁炖24 h给药组中雌激素(estradiol, E2) 水平显著升高(P < 0.05); 黑豆汁炖32 h给药组中皮质醇(cortisol, Cort) 水平显著升高(P < 0.05), 制何首乌对肾虚小鼠的激素水平有明显改善。制何首乌干预治疗后, 小鼠血浆中共发现70个差异代谢物, 主要涉及甘油磷脂代谢、花生四烯酸代谢、苯丙氨酸代谢、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸的生物合成、亚油酸代谢等5条通路。研究提示制何首乌可能是通过改善小鼠下丘脑—垂体—肾上腺轴的紊乱并调节脂质代谢的水平, 从而发挥补肝肾的作用。血浆中的差异代谢物与化学成分群的相关性分析发现二苯乙烯苷类及糖类成分可能是制何首乌发挥补肾作用的药效物质基础。本文为揭示制何首乌发挥补肾作用的潜在药效物质基础及补肝肾作用机制研究提供了新的参考和依据。本研究涉及的动物实验操作均遵循中国中医科学院中药研究所实验动物福利伦理委员会的规定并通过动物实验伦理审查[批准号: SYXK (京) 2019-0003]。

制何首乌  /  HPA轴  /  血浆  /  代谢组学  /  作用机制

Plasma nontargeted metabolomics technology was developed for investigating the effect and mechanism of improving kidney deficient in mice of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata. Thirty-five ICR mice were randomly divided into the control group, the model group, the BB24 h (braising with black bean sauce for 24 hours) group, the BB32 h group, and the BB40 h group. Biochemical indices in blood plasma of mice were measured by collecting eye blood after modeling. Changes in plasma endogenous metabolites of mice from each group were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-linear trap quadrupole-orbitrap XL (UPLC-LTQ-orbitrap XL), and differential metabolites were screened. The results of pharmacodynamic investigation showed that compared to the model group, the levels of estradiol increased obviously in the BB24 h (P < 0.05), and the levels of cortisol increased obviously in BB32 h (P < 0.05). The hormone level of mice with kidney deficiency was significantly improved after taking processed Polygonum multiflorum. A total of 70 differential endogenous metabolites in blood plasma of mice were identified from all treatment groups, which mainly involved glycerophospholipid meta-bolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, and linoleic acid metabolism. The study indicated that Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata may play the role of tonifying liver and kidney by improving the disorder of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and regulating lipid metabolism in mice. Correlation analysis on differential metabolites in blood plasma and the chemical constituents showed that stilbene glycosides and saccharides may be the key pharmacodynamic material basis. The present study provides a new reference and theoretical foundation for revealing the potential pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism investigation on tonifying liver and kidney of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata. This study was carried out following the ethical guidelines and regulations for the use of laboratory animals of the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and passed the animal experimental ethical review [No. SYXK (Jing) 2019-0003].

Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata  /  hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis  /  plasma  /  metabonomics  /  mechanism of action
张鹏, 许煜迪, 周萍, 张晶, 姬海南, 肖永庆, 刘颖. 基于血浆代谢组学研究制何首乌改善小鼠肾虚的作用机制. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (6) : 1464 -1474 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0191
Peng ZHANG, Yu-di XU, Ping ZHOU, Jing ZHANG, Hai-nan JI, Yong-qing XIAO, Ying LIU. Effect and mechanism investigation on improving kidney deficient in mice of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata based on plasma metabolomics[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (6) : 1464 -1474 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0191
制何首乌为蓼科植物何首乌Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.的炮制加工品, 临床运用历史悠久、广泛, 具有补肝肾, 益精血, 乌须发, 化浊降脂的功效, 常用于治疗血虚萎黄, 眩晕耳鸣, 须发早白, 腰膝酸软等, 是一味不可或缺的传统补益中药。清代《本草求真》记载: “熟地首乌虽俱补阴, 然熟地禀仲冬之气以生, 蒸虽至黑则……首乌禀春气以生, 而为风木之化。入通于肝, 为阴中阳药”, 对于随着年龄增长而出现的肝肾亏虚症状, 如体弱, 精神萎靡, 失眠健忘, 眼花耳聋, 脱发或头发早白等精血不足之象具有显著疗效。2020年版《中国药典》列出了七宝美髯丹、活力苏口服液和通脉养心丸等55种含有制何首乌的中成药, 大多具有补肝肾, 乌须发, 延缓衰老的功效[1-3]
制何首乌用于肾虚证的作用机制研究主要集中在卵巢、睾丸等脏器的直接作用, 通过雌激素样作用[4-7]和性器官的保护[8]促进生殖并延缓脏器功能衰退。而肾虚相关的疾病机制还涉及下丘脑—垂体—肾上腺(hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, HPA) 轴不同环节、不同程度的功能紊乱, 主要发病环节为下丘脑[9]。因而, 制何首乌调节性腺轴分泌的激素水平只是改善机体HPA轴紊乱的一个作用环节, 其他环节的作用机制研究较少, 利用代谢组学技术系统研究HPA轴功能紊乱所涉及广泛的体内代谢通路, 以及在制何首乌干预下机体代谢物在生理、疾病变化之间的差异, 可阐释其发挥药效与HPA轴两者间的作用关系[10, 11]及机制。因此, 本文拟运用代谢组学技术, 以下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的激素水平变化为切入点, 开展制何首乌补肝肾的作用机制研究。
为同时考察不同炮制时间对制何首乌补肝肾作用的影响, 本文选择市场常用炮制方法, 黑豆汁炖制不同时间的饮片为研究对象。结合课题组前期研究结果[12], 制何首乌化学成分在24~40 h炮制区间的变化趋势相对稳定, 蒽醌类、二苯乙烯苷类和糖类等多种有效成分含量均能达到较稳定或较高水平[13]且符合中国药典对制何首乌的外观要求, 因此实验设置炮制时间为24、32、40 h。根据不同生化指标评价不同炮制时间制何首乌对肾虚小鼠的药效作用; 利用UPLC-LTQ-orbitrap XL技术筛选肾虚相关的生物标志; 根据制何首乌干预下小鼠代谢物在生理、疾病变化之间的差异, 发现差异代谢物, 探究与药效密切相关的代谢通路; 同时, 分析制何首乌化学成分群与各给药组差异代谢物的相关性, 发现制何首乌发挥补肾作用的潜在药效物质基础, 为制何首乌补肝肾作用机制研究提供了新的研究途径。
实验动物   SPF级ICR小鼠, 体重18~22 g, 购自斯贝福(北京) 生物技术有限公司(许可证号: SCXK (京) 2019-0010), 饲养于中国中医科学院中药研究所, 饲养环境通风良好, 保持室温20~23 ℃, 相对湿度30%~50%, 实验动物自由进食和饮水。本研究的动物实验方案得到中国中医科学院中药研究所实验动物福利伦理委员会[批准号: SYXK (京) 2019-0003] 的批准。
药物和试剂   何首乌饮片(3年生, 贵州省遵义市湄潭县西河镇万兴村, 批号: 20180202); 黑豆(河北百草康神药业有限公司, 批号: 1607011)。经中国中医科学院中药研究所胡世林研究员鉴定, 分别为蓼科植物何首乌Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.的干燥块根和豆科植物大豆Glycine max的干燥成熟种子。所有批次的制何首乌样品均委托北京均大药业有限公司参照《中华人民共和国药典》 (2020版) 制备, 炮制时间分别为24、32、40 h; 羟甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na, 批号: F20100126) 购于国药集团化学试剂有限公司; 氢化可的松注射液(批号: 2009171) 购于天津金耀药业有限公司; 生理盐水(批号: 2008012106) 购于石家庄四药有限公司; 酶联免疫检测试剂盒(上海将来实业股份有限公司/江莱生物): 小鼠睾酮(testosterone, T, 批号: Feb2021)、小鼠雌二醇(estradiol, E2, 批号: Feb2021)、小鼠皮质醇(cortisol, Cort, 批号: Mar2021)、促性腺激素释放激素(gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, GnRH, 批号: Feb2021)、促黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone, LH, 批号: Feb2021) 和促卵泡生成素(follicle-stimulating hormone, FSH, 批号: Feb2021); 质谱纯甲醇、乙腈及甲酸均购于美国Thermo-Fisher公司; 质谱纯甲酸铵购于美国Sigma-Aldrich公司; 超纯水由Milli-Q制水系统制备(美国Millipore公司); 其他试剂均为分析纯。
实验仪器   Dionex Ultimate 3000高效液相色谱-LTQ XL线性离子阱质谱仪(美国Thermo公司); ZN-08L小型高速粉碎机(中科耐驰技术(北京) 有限公司); FA2204B型万分之一电子天平(上海精密科学仪器有限公司); 电热恒温水浴锅; 1730R微型离心机(中国香港基因有限公司); DHG-9055A型鼓声干燥箱(上海一恒科学仪器有限公司)。
制何首乌醇提、水提取物的制备   取制何首乌粉末(过四号筛) 30 g, 用10倍量75%乙醇加热回流提取30 min, 过滤, 残渣再加入8倍量75%乙醇, 热回流30 min, 过滤, 合并提取液, 并浓缩, 于50 ℃真空干燥, 备用。醇提取后得到的残渣, 加入10倍量和8倍量蒸馏水加热回流提取2次, 提取时间为2 h/次, 提取温度为96 ℃, 合并提取液, 浓缩, 冻干, 备用。将上述制何首乌醇提物和水提物的冻干粉合并后精密称重, 计算提取率并换算生药当量。
选择人临床最低剂量的1/2, 即3 g·d-1制何首乌作为实验剂量, 按体表面积折合小鼠给药剂量为制何首乌生药量0.514 8 g·kg-1·d-1。精密称定制何首乌醇提物及水提物, 混匀, 研磨, 加0.5% CMC-Na溶液混悬并定容, 配制成所需浓度的混悬液, 置于4 ℃, 备用。
动物分组、造模及给药   SPF级ICR小鼠35只, 雌雄各半, 适应性饲养一周后, 按体重、性别随机分为空白组(C)、模型组(M) 以及黑豆汁炖24 h (braising with black bean sauce for 24 h, BB24 h)、32 h (BB32 h)、40 h (BB40 h) 制何首乌给药组, 每组7只。
实验第1天起, 除空白组外, 其余各组小鼠均肌肉注射氢化可的松10 mg·kg-1, 每日1次, 空白组注射等体积生理盐水, 连续14天, 第三天将各组小鼠于4 ℃低温游泳3 min并记录时长, 制备小鼠肾虚模型。不同炮制时间制何首乌给药组于每日注射氢化可的松后, 灌胃给药制何首乌15 mL·kg-1, 模型组和空白组分别灌胃等体积0.5% CMC-Na, 连续14天。第14天给药1 h后(术前15 h禁食), 于麻醉状态下眼球取血至1 mL肝素钠抗凝管中, 摇匀, 4 ℃离心10 min (13 000 r·min-1), 取上清液保存于-18 ℃冰箱, 备用。采用酶联免疫法测定血浆中T、E2、LH、FSH、GnRH和Cort的含量, 参照试剂盒的规定操作。小鼠取血后处死, 取肾上腺、子宫、卵巢、睾丸和附睾5种脏器, 用生理盐水冲净表面血液及毛发后, 滤纸吸干并剔除结缔组织, 记录湿重, 计算脏器指数: 脏器指数= (脏器质量/体重) × 100%。取出部分肝、肾组织, 置于4%多聚甲醛中常温保存, 然后按照标准操作固定在4%缓冲福尔马林中, 并嵌入石蜡中, 制备5 µm厚的切片, 并用苏木精-伊红染色, 随后在显微镜下进行检查。
血浆样品的制备   血浆样本冰浴复溶, 取50 µL血浆至1.5 mL离心管中, 加入甲醇∶乙腈(1∶1) 450 µL, 充分振荡15 s, 进行蛋白沉淀。4 ℃离心15 min (13 000 r·min-1), 取上清液直接进样分析。
色谱及质谱条件   Dionex Ultimate 3000高效液相色谱仪, 色谱柱: ACQUITY BEH C18 (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 µm); 流动相A: 水(0.1%甲酸及2 mmol·L-1甲酸铵); 流动相B: 乙腈; 梯度洗脱: 0~1 min, 95% A; 1~5 min 95%~40% A; 5~8 min, 40%~0% A; 8~11 min, 0% A; 11~14 min, 0%~40% A; 11~15 min, 40%~95% A; 15~18 min, 95% A。流速为0.25 mL·min-1, 进样量为5 µL, 柱温为30 ℃。
高分辨质谱(QE-Orbitrap) 采用正负离子同时扫描模式, 电喷雾电压3 kV; 鞘气流速为35 arb; 辅助气流速为10 arb; 毛细管温度为320 ℃; 一级全扫描(fullscan) 分辨率: 70 000; 扫描范围: m/z 70~1 050; 二级数据依耐性扫描(full MS/dd-MS) 分辨率: 17 500; Stepped NCE值: 20、40、60 V。
非靶向代谢组学分析   采集的数据使用mzCloud质谱库, 对蛋白质代谢、脂肪代谢和糖代谢相关内源性代谢物以及与脏器损伤、激素类和神经递质类相关内源性物质进行鉴定。在Trace founder质谱数据分析软件(Thermo Fisher Scientific, Massachusetts, USA) 中对正、负离子模式下测定获得的数据进行预处理并建立内源性物质的数据库, 用于定性分析血浆样品中的内源性物质。人工处理每个内源性物质的峰面积与相应内标峰面积, 进行对比获得相对的含量比值用来进一步分析内源性物质的变化规律。同时, 将所有血浆样品混合均匀后作为质量控制(quality control, QC) 样本评价样品检测过程系统的稳定性和重复性。QC样本前处理方法同检测样本一致, 首先采用5个空白样本平衡色谱柱, 随后每间隔6~8个血浆样品插入1个QC样本并计算QC样本中提取的代谢特征的变异系数值, 删除变异系数超过15%的代谢特征来控制实验误差和偏差。
将峰面积归一化后的数据导入SMICA-P 14.1软件进行主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA) 以及正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, OPLS-DA), 根据变量重要投影(variable importance in the projection, VIP > 1.0) 且FDR < 0.05筛选差异代谢物。筛选后的峰, 通过HMDB和METIN等数据库鉴定差异代谢物。最后, 将经数据库鉴定的内源性差异代谢物的KEGG代码或HMDB代码导入MetaboAnalyst 5.0平台进行代谢通路分析。
数据处理   生化指标数据采用SPSS 21.0软件进行统计分析, 数据结果用均数±标准差(x ± s) 表示。组间差异通过单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA) 比较, P < 0.05表示差异有统计学意义。
注射氢化可的松后, 小鼠表现出毛发失去光泽、扎堆嗜睡、倦怠乏力、四肢绵软、活动和饮食减少等“萎靡”状态。与空白组相比, 模型组小鼠的体重降低, 肾上腺、子宫、卵巢、睾丸和附睾5种脏器指数的差异均具有统计学意义, 同时, 低温游泳时长也显著降低(表 1)。
各组小鼠的肝组织HE染色(hematoxylin-eosin staining, HE) 切片如图 1A所示, 正常小鼠肝组织的肝索清晰, 以中央静脉为中心扩散排列; 肝细胞边界明显, 核仁清晰, 细胞质均匀染色, 双核细胞较为常见; 肝血窦结构正常。而模型组小鼠的肝组织呈现肝索紊乱; 肝细胞边界模糊, 核仁明显偏小, 部分肝细胞核仁溶解, 双核细胞数量显著减少, 肝细胞轻微水肿; 肝血窦变窄, 同时红细胞增多, 偶见炎性细胞。与模型组相比, 不同制何首乌给药组雌、雄小鼠肝组织的肝细胞、肝血窦及肝索结构均有一定程度的改善。同样, 各组小鼠肾组织HE染色切片如图 1B所示, 正常组小鼠的肾组织中, 肾小球呈类圆形、外周规整, 肾小球内毛细血管密集, 肾小囊囊腔明显、结构正常, 肾小管上皮细胞排列整齐。模型组小鼠肾组织的肾小球萎缩、不成圆形, 肾小球出现部分玻璃样变, 肾小囊囊腔变窄部分与肾小球粘连, 肾小管上皮细胞发生水肿、体积变大、管壁变厚, 管腔变窄, 肾间质发生充血。相比模型组, 黑豆汁炖32 h组小鼠的上皮细胞排列相对有序, 肾小球部分呈类圆形, 肾组织结构有所改善; 黑豆汁炖24 h和40 h制何首乌对其改善效果不明显。
图 2, 与空白组相比, 模型组小鼠的LH、FSH、GnRH和Cort指标均出现显著差异, 激素分泌减少; 与模型组相比, 黑豆汁炖24 h中E2和LH水平显著升高(P < 0.05); 黑豆汁炖32 h给药组中Cort水平显著升高(P < 0.05)。小鼠血浆中GnRH、FSH和T水平在给药组与模型组之间无统计学意义。
空白组和模型组代谢物轮廓PCA分析见图 3A1, 空白组和模型组具有明显的分离趋势, 说明体内的代谢物轮廓发生变化, 内源性代谢物存在明显差异。同时, 对各组样品的相对含量进行了PCA分析(图 3A2), R2X = 0.742 > 0.5, 表明模型可靠。
为直观反映制何首乌对小鼠肾虚的改善作用, 对各组样品进行了OPLS-DA分析, 得分结果见图 3B1。OPLS-DA模型中, 模型解释能力参数R2Y为0.954, 预测能力参数Q2为0.68, R2Y/Q2的比值为1.40, 接近于1, 说明模型有较好的区分和预测能力。由图可知, 空白组、模型组及各给药组之间的样品能被很好地分开, 且组内样本在一定范围内聚集良好。说明空白组、模型组及各给药组样品之间代谢物存在显著差异。炖制不同时间制何首乌给药组有向空白组靠近的趋势, 提示制何首乌对小鼠肾虚模型的改善作用较好, 黑豆汁炖32和40 h给药组的纠偏作用较强。CV-score图(图 3B2) 显示, 在交叉验证过程中, 所有样本都被预测到各自的类别。
与空白组相比, 模型组小鼠体内的2种脂肪酸和3种磷脂酰胆碱明显降低, 而嘌呤及嘌呤核苷酸显著上升, 内源性代谢物发生紊乱(表 2), 通过VIP > 1.0, FDR < 0.05的筛选和受试工作者曲线(receiver operating characteristic, ROC) 的构建, 共发现了20个与小鼠肾虚相关的生物标志物(area under curve, AUC > 0.8)。炖制不同时间的制何首乌对肾虚小鼠内源性代谢物紊乱均有明显的改善作用, 黑豆汁炖24、32和40 h给药组与模型组间潜在的差异代谢物共鉴定出70个, 其中黑豆汁炖32 h给药组的差异代谢物数量最为丰富, 共鉴定了52个, 包括52%脂类、13%氨基酸类、15%肉碱类、3%碳水化合物类及3%核酸类等。
黑豆汁炖32 h给药组与模型组间的差异代谢物主要为脂质, 包括磷脂酰胆碱类(glycerophosphatidylcholines, PC)、甘油脂类(glyceroplipids, GL)、鞘脂类(sphingolipids, SM) 和脂肪酰(fatty acyls, FA) 4类。特别是磷脂酰胆碱类代谢物的丰度在给药后显著增加, PC(14∶0e/20∶1)、PC(14∶1(9Z)/22∶1(13Z)) 和PC(o-16∶1(9Z)/18∶0) 由模型组中的下调转为上调状态, 溶血磷脂酰胆碱类(lysophosphatidylcholines, LysoPC) 代谢物均显著下调而鞘脂类代谢物均显著上调。表达量上升最多的是SM(d18∶0/24∶1(15Z)), FC(BB32 h/M) = 6.49。表达量下降最多的是PC(o-18∶0/22∶6(4Z, 7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z, 19Z)), FC(BB32 h/M) = 0.31。在氨基酸类代谢物中, 与空白组相比, 模型组中3-羟基丁酸(3-hydroxybutyric acid) 和2-羟基丁酸(2-hydroxybutanoic acid) 的相对含量显著下调, 给药后转为上调状态。L-亮氨酸(L-leucine), FC(BB32 h/M) = 2.27; L-苯丙氨酸(L-phenylalanine), FC(BB32 h/M) = 1.83; L-色氨酸(L-tryptophan), FC(BB32 h/M) = 1.92; 吲哚丙烯酸(3-indoleacrylic acid), FC(BB32 h/M) = 1.83及硫酸吲哚(indoxyl sulphuric acid), FC(BB32 h/M) = 4.77等氨基酸衍生物丰度增加, 显著上调。在肉碱类代谢物中, 与模型组相比, 黑豆汁炖32 h给药组小鼠血浆中乙酰肉碱(acetyl-L-carnitine) 的相对含量显著下调, 其余参与脂肪酸代谢的肉碱, 包括: 11Z-十八碳烯酰肉毒碱(11Z-octadecenylcarnitine)、9-十六烯酰肉毒碱(9-hexadecenoylcarnitine)、顺式-5-十四烯酰肉毒碱(cis-5-tetradecenoylcarnitine)、十四酰肉毒碱(tetradecanoyl carnitine)、亚麻酸酰肉毒碱(linoleyl carnitine) 和棕榈酸酰肉毒碱(palmitoyl carnitine) 均显著上调。
将上述两组组间差异代谢物输入MetaboAnalysis 5.0进行代谢通路分析, 以impact ≥ 0.05作为潜在的关键代谢通路。结果显示空白组和模型组共有2条代谢通路发生变化(图 4A), 分别为嘌呤代谢和甘油磷脂代谢。黑豆汁炖32 h给药组和模型组的差异代谢产物共分析出5条代谢通路, 主要涉及甘油磷脂代谢、花生四烯酸代谢、苯丙氨酸代谢、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸的生物合成和亚油酸代谢(图 4B)。
将各给药组的差异代谢物与课题组前期制何首乌含量测定的化学成分群[12]进行皮尔逊相关性分析, 根据相关系数(P < 0.05) 来筛选潜在的药效物质基础(图 5)。结果显示, 脂类代谢物与二苯乙烯苷类、鞣制类及糖类成分高度相关; 氨基酸代谢物与二苯乙烯苷类成分呈正相关, 与鞣质类中原儿茶酸等含苯甲酸结构的成分呈负相关; 各类代谢物与糖类成分均高度相关, 但不呈现规律性, 提示二苯乙烯苷类、鞣制类及糖类成分可能为潜在的药效物质基础。
小鼠腹腔注射大剂量HPA轴的效益激素, 通过外源性糖皮质激素的引入来抑制类固醇合成酶基因的表达, 使动物垂体的激素释放受到抑制, 转而使类固醇激素(包含性激素) 等分泌紊乱。模型小鼠的游泳时长减少、体重降低, 脏器指数差异显著、肝肾组织切片显示病变和不同程度的损伤、性激素和糖皮质激素水平均出现下降, 提示模型小鼠机体的抗疲劳和抗应激能力也随之下降, HPA轴发生紊乱, 造模成功。给药后, 肾虚小鼠E2水平普遍升高, 可能通过负反馈作用调节垂体和下丘脑, 从而分别调节促性腺激素(gonadotropins, Gn) 和GnRH的分泌[14]。因下丘脑分泌的GnRH是以脉冲释放的方式经过垂体门脉循环到达垂体前叶, 与垂体促性腺细胞上的受体特异性结合后, 刺激垂体前叶Gn的合成和分泌, 如LH和FSH, 进而刺激性腺细胞产生T和E2, 同时也存在负反馈调节机制[15]。E2主要由卵巢、睾丸分泌, 并且E2水平的升高对小鼠的生育潜力至关重要[16], 这可能是制何首乌“久服填经, 令人有子, 多孕子息”作用机制之一。此外, 黑豆汁炖32 h给药后小鼠的Cort水平显著升高且脂质和氨基酸类代谢物丰富。Cort则由肾上腺皮质分泌, 血浆中Cort水平异常会引起免疫功能变化, 以及脂肪动员、葡萄糖稳态等体内代谢异常。结果提示, 制何首乌的药效可能集中于性腺轴和肾上腺轴, 并负反馈调节下丘脑-垂体[17], 减少HPA轴的过度活跃, 使各类激素恢复节律的脉冲式分泌, 最终改善机体HPA轴的紊乱。
OPLS-DA模型轨迹说明黑豆汁炖32 h和40 h给药组的纠偏作用较强, 直观反映了合理的炮制区间对制何首乌发挥药效的重要性。黑豆汁炖32 h给药组与模型组的代谢物有显著差异, 且代谢物数量最为丰富, 即改善肾虚小鼠的药效作用最佳。同时, 生化指标检测提示黑豆汁炖32 h对肾虚小鼠激素紊乱的改善作用较为明显。结合前期课题组基于物质基础变化规律研究结论, 制何首乌在32 h炮制区间的质量最佳[12], 后续讨论作用机制研究均以黑豆汁炖32 h给药组为依据。
脂质是代谢产物的重要组成部分, 黑豆汁炖32 h给药组的磷脂酰胆碱类代谢物在数量和丰度上较模型组显著增加, 其原因可能是用黑豆汁炮制过程中, 卵磷脂的相对含量随时间延长而增加, 在体内转换为有较强抑制血小板聚集活性的溶血卵磷脂和不饱和脂肪酸的卵磷脂。由此推测磷脂酰胆碱类代谢物与改善机体HPA轴的紊乱具有很强的相关性。本实验结果表明给予制何首乌干预治疗后, 小鼠体内花生四烯酸(arachidonic acid), FC(BB32 h/M) = 0.68, 和亚油酸(linoleic acid), FC(BB32 h/M) = 0.74等不饱和脂肪酸的水平显著下降, 亚油酸等是参与亚油酸代谢和花生四烯酸代谢通路的不饱和脂肪酸, 可显著调节血小板功能。提示制何首乌可能通过调控不饱和脂肪酸的相对含量, 干预花生四烯酸代谢, 发挥抗炎和提高免疫等改善作用[18]。同时, 研究发现Cort可以刺激脂肪细胞合成和储存三酰甘油, 并抑制脂肪酸的氧化和释放, 而E2会降低去卵巢的肥胖大鼠白色脂肪组织的代谢活性和脂肪酸的合成/摄取功能[19]。联系小鼠血浆中E2和Cort含量在给药前后的显著差异, 何首乌炮制后可以通过多种途径减少脂质异常积聚并减轻肝脏代谢负担, 防止脂质代谢紊乱[20], 提示制何首乌可能是通过HPA轴末端的负反馈调节来恢复激素正常水平, 调节脂质代谢。在黑豆汁炖32 h给药组小鼠血浆中, 参与脂肪酸代谢的肉碱类代谢物均显著上调, 其与长链酰基辅酶A结合后的酰基肉碱可以在肉碱酰基转移酶的作用下调节胞内/游离酰基辅酶A的水平, 从而对糖脂代谢产生良好影响。提示给药后机体脂肪转运活动频繁, 线粒体高度活跃, 为丰富的脂质代谢提供条件。
除此之外, 黑豆汁炖32 h给药组小鼠体内3-羟基丁酸水平的显著升高, 3-羟基丁酸是由脂肪酸通过生酮途径在肝脏线粒体中产生的能量物质。有报道指出它作为抗衰老代谢物, 可通过抑制活性氧的产生、防止脂质过氧化[21]和蛋白质氧化以及增加抗氧化蛋白的水平[22], 与氧化应激的衰减有关, 从而提示3-羟基丁酸代谢可能与制何首乌“延年益寿”的功能有关。在氢化可的松诱导下, 肾虚小鼠血浆中L-苯丙氨酸, L-亮氨酸和L-色氨酸的相对含量发生显著下调, 给予制何首乌治疗后出现逆转。L-苯丙氨酸是儿茶酚胺类物质的前体化合物, 经苯丙氨酸羟化酶催化形成酪氨酸并代谢为吲哚类成分, 通过多巴胺、肾上腺素等神经递质的释放影响机体HPA轴及免疫系统; L-亮氨酸可以激活骨骼、脂肪组织中哺乳动物mTOR信号通路来增加蛋白质的合成[23]; L-色氨酸在受到Cort节律分泌变化的影响后, 可能会以犬尿氨酸途径降解[24]。此外, 也有研究发现, E2水平的波动不仅可以调节不同类型的脂质代谢, 还会影响机体血清中的氨基酸和酰基肉碱水平[25]。提示制何首乌可能通过减少脂质和肉碱的不良代谢、调控氨基酸生物合成以及能量代谢等途径来改善机体肾虚伴随的HPA轴激素水平紊乱。综上所述, 脂质、肉碱和氨基酸类代谢物和相关代谢通路可能与机体HPA轴激素调控存在密切的相互作用。在造模小鼠“耗竭”萎靡状态下, 给药后上述代谢物的上调以及一些激素水平的恢复使小鼠机体振奋, 提示机体不断向活跃状态变化, 对制何首乌改善小鼠肾虚模型的作用机制提供了广泛而合理的方向。
制何首乌化学成分群和各给药组差异代谢物的相关性分析发现, 糖类成分与各类代谢物均高度相关, 已报道具有缓解糖脂代谢紊乱、促进脾细胞造血和免疫调节活性等作用[26, 27], 其含量在炮制32 h后可超过20%, 是制何首乌发挥补肾作用的重要物质基础之一。除此之外, 二苯乙烯苷类成分与脂类代谢物高度相关, 有实验说明, 二苯乙烯苷类提取物可参与脂蛋白代谢, 调节血脂, 促使体内脂质代谢趋于正常, 起到调节机体脂质与脂蛋白代谢紊乱的作用[28, 29]。二苯乙烯苷类及糖类成分可能是调节机体脂质代谢, 发挥补肾作用的潜在药效物质基础。
本研究通过药效学和非靶向代谢组学相结合的方法对小鼠肾虚模型的血浆成分进行广泛分析, 各类差异代谢物组成制何首乌改善小鼠HPA轴紊乱的特征代谢谱, 制何首乌可能是通过改善小鼠HPA轴的紊乱并调节脂质代谢的水平, 从而发挥补肝肾的作用。此外, 二苯乙烯苷类及糖类成分可能是制何首乌发挥补肾作用的药效物质基础。然而, 非靶向代谢组学进行广泛分析的推测结果亟需靶向代谢组学及分子生物学等技术进行后续的科学验证。本文为揭示制何首乌发挥补肾作用的潜在药效物质基础及补肝肾作用机制研究提供了新的研究途径。
作者贡献: 张鹏完成数据分析、论文初稿的写作; 许煜迪、周萍和张晶参与主要实验; 姬海南负责动物实验部分; 肖永庆和刘颖是项目的构思者及负责人, 指导实验设计、论文写作与修改。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A04207)
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(81773903)
  • 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(ZZ13-YQ-042)
  • 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(ZXKT21021)
  • 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(ZXKT23011)
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2023年第58卷第6期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0191
  • 接收时间:2023-02-18
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-06-12
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  • 收稿日期:2023-02-18
  • 修回日期:2023-05-22
基金
中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A04207)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(81773903)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(ZZ13-YQ-042)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(ZXKT21021)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(ZXKT23011)
作者信息
    1.中国中医科学院中药研究所, 北京 100700
    2.潍坊市第二人民医院, 山东 潍坊 261041
    3.北京大学医学部, 北京 100191
    4.中国检验检疫科学研究院化学品安全研究所, 北京 100123

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*肖永庆, Tel: 86-10-84040221, E-mail: ;
刘颖, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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