Article(id=1198628675194291165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198628666650493481, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1353, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1670342400000, receivedDateStr=2022-12-07, revisedDate=1682352000000, revisedDateStr=2023-04-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763704945610, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1689091200000, pubDateStr=2023-07-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763704945610, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763704945610, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763704945610, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198628666650493481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='7', pageStart='0', pageEnd='1980', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763704943573, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766137716668, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208832456644490122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198628666650493481, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208832456644490123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198628666650493481, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1952, endPage=1962, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198628675567583232, articleId=1198628675194291165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS based metabolomics and analysis of the effect of Suanzaoren Decoction on serum of chronic unpredictable mild stress depression rats, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS based metabolomic approach combined with biochemical assay and histopathological inspection were employed to study the intervention effects of Suanzaoren Decoction (SZRD) on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) depression rats, and to clarify the metabolic regulation pathway of SZRD. The rats were randomly divided into normal control group, CUMS model group, positive drug venlafaxine group, SZRD high (24 g·kg-1) and low (12 g·kg-1) dose groups, respectively. The CUMS model was replicated by subjecting to a variety of stimulus, such as thermal stimulation, ice water swimming, ultrasonic stimulation, tail clamping, day and night reversal, plantar electric shock and so on for rats. After oral administration of drugs for 28 days, the behavioral indexes of rats in each group were observed and the hippocampus and serum samples of rats were collected for biochemical assay and histopathological inspection. Compared with the CUMS model group, low dose and high dose SZRD groups can significantly reduce the immobility time of forced swimming (P < 0.001, P < 0.001), increase the sucrose preference rate (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), the number of crossings (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) and the number of uprights (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) in the open field test, suggesting that SZRD can significantly improve the depression-like behavior of CUMS model rats. In addition, SZRD could significantly reduce the levels of serum IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α of CUMS model rats. A total of 21 differential metabolites in serum were identified by comparison with the data from the literature and databases. In addition, low-dose SZRD and high-dose SZRD improved the 8 and 11 perturbed potential serum biomarkers that were induced by CUMS, respectively, which related to alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid, tryptophan and arachidonic acid metabolism. This study provides a scientific basis for expanding the clinical indications of SZRD. This experiment was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Shanxi University (Approval No. SXULL2020028).

, correspAuthors=Chen-hui DU, Yan YAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jiang WU, Rui HAN, Ni ZHAO, Ying-xin CHU, Yin-jie ZHANG, Xue-mei QIN, Chen-hui DU, Yan YAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198628678394544290, articleId=1198628675194291165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于液质联用代谢组学技术的酸枣仁汤抗抑郁作用机制研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

利用超高效液相色谱串联四极杆‒静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS) 代谢组学技术分析酸枣仁汤(Suanzaoren decoction, SZRD) 对慢性不可预知温和应激(chronic unpredictable mild stress, CUMS) 抑郁模型大鼠血清内源性代谢物代谢紊乱的调控作用, 明确酸枣仁汤发挥抗抑郁作用的代谢调控途径。将大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、阳性药文拉法辛组以及酸枣仁汤高(24 g·kg-1)、低剂量(12 g·kg-1) 组。分别对大鼠实施热刺激、冰水游泳、超声刺激、夹尾、昼夜颠倒、足底电击等刺激, 复制CUMS模型, 造模同时给予药物, 持续28天后, 观察各组大鼠行为学指标并收集大鼠海马组织以及血清样本。与CUMS模型组大鼠相比, 酸枣仁汤低剂量和高剂量组能显著降低强迫游泳不动时间(P < 0.001, P < 0.001)、提高糖水偏爱率(P < 0.01, P < 0.05)、旷场实验穿越格数(P < 0.05, P < 0.01) 和直立次数(P < 0.05, P < 0.01), 并能明显降低血清中IL-6、IL-1β以及TNF-α等炎性因子水平而发挥抗抑郁作用。能显著改善CUMS模型组大鼠抑郁样行为。共鉴定与指认出血清中与抑郁相关的21个差异代谢物, 酸枣仁汤低剂量组能显著回调8种, 酸枣仁汤高剂量组能显著回调其中11种。代谢通路分析显示丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢、色氨酸代谢通路和花生四烯酸代谢是酸枣仁汤发挥抗抑郁作用的主要代谢途径。本研究为扩大酸枣仁汤临床适应证提供了科学依据。本实验获得山西大学动物伦理委员会批准(批准号: SXULL2020028)。

, correspAuthors=杜晨晖, 闫艳, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*闫艳, Tel: 86-351-7018379, E-mail: ;
杜晨晖, Tel: 86-351-3179935, E-mail:
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A: The body weight of rats; B: Sugar preference; C: Immobility time in FST; D: The number of crossings in OFT; E: The number of rearing in OFT. <i>n</i> ≥ 10, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$\bar{x}$</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> CN; <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> M. SZRD: Suanzaoren Decoction; FST: Forced swimming test; OFT: Open field test; CN: Control; M: Model; V: Venlafaxine; SZRDL: Low-dose SZRD; SZRDH: High-dose SZRD , figureFileSmall=aje1a0rT9KR1NfuzF0vbjw==, figureFileBig=bMCDYZAlzt3vofNDiUV4lQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960104923037772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628675194291165, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=sZFoNJYk5l12SloSgmuzEg==, figureFileBig=iCVYQT2M+s43Z5CcLR5O0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960105099198555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628675194291165, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Effect of SZRD on histological changes of CUMS rats which described by HE staining (<i>n</i> = 6). CUMS: Chronic unpredictable mild stress; HE: Hematoxylin-eosin , figureFileSmall=sZFoNJYk5l12SloSgmuzEg==, figureFileBig=iCVYQT2M+s43Z5CcLR5O0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960105237610597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628675194291165, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=MZ98p73+W/MZPekfxOfvfQ==, figureFileBig=XP+Rvy7yHHHdklEYVfcICQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960105409577077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628675194291165, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Results of biochemical indexes in serum of CUMS depressed rats. A: Concentration of IL-6; B: Concentration of IL-1<i>β</i>; C: Concentration of TNF-<i>α</i>. <i>n</i> = 6, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$\bar{x}$</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> CN; <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> M , figureFileSmall=MZ98p73+W/MZPekfxOfvfQ==, figureFileBig=XP+Rvy7yHHHdklEYVfcICQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960105577349250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628675194291165, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=waGBTQkPYVeodty+/53UDw==, figureFileBig=TgstoJd9hjskNQF/EHnogQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960105745121422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628675194291165, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= QC evaluation diagram under different ion modes (A: Positive; B: Negative), Hotelling's T<sup>2</sup> range line diagram in the ESI<sup>+</sup> (C) and ESI<sup>-</sup> (D) modes, 3D-PCA score spots of all the samples from different groups in the ESI<sup>+</sup> (E) and ESI<sup>-</sup> (F) modes, respectively. The OPLS-DA score plot (G), the 200 permutation tests (I) corresponding S-plot (K) of rat serum between the CN and M group in positive ion mode; the OPLS-DA score plot (H), the 200 permutation tests (J) and corresponding S-plot (L) of rat serum between the CN and M group in negative ion mode. QC: Quality control; 3D-PCA: 3D-Principal component analysis; OPLS-DA: Partial least squares discriminant analysis , figureFileSmall=waGBTQkPYVeodty+/53UDw==, figureFileBig=TgstoJd9hjskNQF/EHnogQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960105908699293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628675194291165, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=nx4OJiFacyjVVXZOUFYJ9g==, figureFileBig=nQRLlOM6oRBl8Le8umT4Eg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960106177134772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628675194291165, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Metabolic pathways affected by metabolite distinctions between CN and CUMS model groups (A), between CUMS and SZRDL groups (B), CUMS and SZRDH group (C). a: Biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan; b: Phenylalanine metabolism; c: Arachidonic acid metabolism; d: Arginine and proline metabolism; e: Alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid metabolism; f: Tyrosine metabolism; g: Tryptophan metabolism , figureFileSmall=nx4OJiFacyjVVXZOUFYJ9g==, figureFileBig=nQRLlOM6oRBl8Le8umT4Eg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960106311352517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628675194291165, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=S/Rv9WplR/hGx0F5808nKA==, figureFileBig=o5YtfnirfUu90JMi8Fhw+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960106634313945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628675194291165, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= Network schematic of related metabolic pathways of differential metabolite. Metabolites in red and blue represent the increase and decrease in levels, respectively, compared with the CN group , figureFileSmall=S/Rv9WplR/hGx0F5808nKA==, figureFileBig=o5YtfnirfUu90JMi8Fhw+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960106768531683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628675194291165, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Metabolite tR /min Measured mass (m/z) Formula Mode Error /×10-6 Fragment ions (m/z) HMDB ID Depression V SZRDL SZRDH
1 Spermidine 0.56 146.165 3 C7H19N3 [M+H]+ 0.009 128.950 9/112.112 5/84.081 6/72.081 6 HMDB0001257 ** - - -
2 Pyroglutamic acid 0.70 130.049 9 C5H7NO3 [M+H]+ 1.002 131.053 3/130.050 0/85.029 1/84.045 1/56.050 5 HMDB0000267 * - # #
3 L-Glutamine 0.71 147.076 5 C5H10N2O3 [M+H]+ 0.825 147.076 5/130.049 9/102.055 4/84.045 0 HMDB0000641 * # # #
4 Betaine 0.78 118.086 5 C5H12NO2 [M+H]+ 1.735 119.090 0/118.086 5/59.073 8 HMDB0000043 ** - ### -
5 L-Proline 0.77 116.070 8 C5H9NO2 [M+H]+ 2.368 116.070 9/70.066 0 HMDB0000162 * - - -
6 3-Methylbenzamide 1.49 136.075 8 C8H9NO [M+H]+ 0.511 136.075 8/119.049 4/91.054 8 HMDB0245928 * - - -
7 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde 1.40 123.044 3 C7H6O2 [M+H]+ 2.227 123.044 3/105.045 1/95.049 7/67.055 1 HMDB0011718 ** ### - -
8 L-Phenylalanine 3.37 166.086 6 C9H11NO2 [M+H]+ 1.835 166.086 6/120.081 0/103.054 7 HMDB0000159 ** - - -
9 Indoleacrylic acid 3.92 188.070 7 C11H9NO2 [M+H]+ 0.558 188.070 7/170.060 1/146.060 1/118.065 4/91.054 8 HMDB0000734 * - ## ##
10 L-Tryptophan 3.93 205.097 2 C11H12N2O2 [M+H]+ 0.077 188.070 5/170.060 0/159.091 7/148.060 0/144.080 9/132.080 8/118.065 4 HMDB0000929 * - ## ##
11 2-Methylindole 3.95 132.080 9 C9H9N [M+H]+ 0.864 132.080 9/117.057 6/105.070 1 HMDB0245234 * - - -
12 Corticosterone 6.90 347.221 6 C21H30O4 [M+H]+ -0.363 347.221 6/329.211 0/311.200 5/293.189 7/121.065 0/97.065 3/105.070 3 HMDB0001547 *** - - ##
13 Linoleyl carnitine 8.23 424.342 0 C25H45NO4 [M+H]+ -0.437 424.342 0/425.345 0/85.029 1/60.081 8 HMDB0006469 * # - ##
14 Arachidoyl ethanolamide 8.45 356.352 1 C22H45NO2 [M+H]+ -0.466 357.355 6/356.352 1/338.341 5/106.086 7/88.076 3/70.066 0 HMDB0248559 ** # - -
15 Palmitoylcarnitine 8.51 400.342 7 C23H46NO4 [M+H]+ 1.510 400.342 7/85.029 1/60.181 7 HMDB0000222 * ## - ##
16 Oleoylcarnitine 8.76 427.361 5 C25H48NO4 [M+H]+ 0.009 427.361 5/426.388 0/85.029 2/60.0817 4 HMDB0005065 ** ### # ###
17 Arachidonic acid 13.16 305.247 4 C20H32O2 [M+H]+ -0.127 305.247 5/287.236 7/221.153 5/207.138 8/121.101 4/109.101 6/93.070 4/81.070 6/67.055 1 HMDB0001043 *** ### - ##
18 9-Octadecenamide 13.14 282.279 1 C18H35NO [M+H]+ -0.217 282.279 1/265.252 3/247.241 3/97.101 7/83.080 1/69.070 8 HMDB0247607 * - ## #
19 Glycerol phenylbutyrate 13.58 531.387 9 C33H38O6 [M+H]+ 0.259 531.387 9/133.065 0/119.085 8/91.054 8 HMDB0252844 * - - -
20 L-Tyrosine 1.44 180.065 8 C9H11NO3 [M+H]- 1.612 180.065 8/163.039 0/119.048 8/92.918 3/72.007 5 HMDB0000158 * - - -
21 3, 4-Dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid 4.06 181.049 8 C9H10O4 [M+H]- 1.462 181.049 8/163.039 1/135.044 0/119.044 8/72.991 5 HMDB0000423 * - ## #
), ArticleFig(id=1198960106953081076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628675194291165, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

The detection of differential metabolites in serum samples. "↓" and "↑" indicates the relative Increasing and decreasing trend of metabolites, respectively. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs CN; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 vs M; VIP: Variable importance value

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Metabolite tR /min Measured mass (m/z) Formula Mode Error /×10-6 Fragment ions (m/z) HMDB ID Depression V SZRDL SZRDH
1 Spermidine 0.56 146.165 3 C7H19N3 [M+H]+ 0.009 128.950 9/112.112 5/84.081 6/72.081 6 HMDB0001257 ** - - -
2 Pyroglutamic acid 0.70 130.049 9 C5H7NO3 [M+H]+ 1.002 131.053 3/130.050 0/85.029 1/84.045 1/56.050 5 HMDB0000267 * - # #
3 L-Glutamine 0.71 147.076 5 C5H10N2O3 [M+H]+ 0.825 147.076 5/130.049 9/102.055 4/84.045 0 HMDB0000641 * # # #
4 Betaine 0.78 118.086 5 C5H12NO2 [M+H]+ 1.735 119.090 0/118.086 5/59.073 8 HMDB0000043 ** - ### -
5 L-Proline 0.77 116.070 8 C5H9NO2 [M+H]+ 2.368 116.070 9/70.066 0 HMDB0000162 * - - -
6 3-Methylbenzamide 1.49 136.075 8 C8H9NO [M+H]+ 0.511 136.075 8/119.049 4/91.054 8 HMDB0245928 * - - -
7 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde 1.40 123.044 3 C7H6O2 [M+H]+ 2.227 123.044 3/105.045 1/95.049 7/67.055 1 HMDB0011718 ** ### - -
8 L-Phenylalanine 3.37 166.086 6 C9H11NO2 [M+H]+ 1.835 166.086 6/120.081 0/103.054 7 HMDB0000159 ** - - -
9 Indoleacrylic acid 3.92 188.070 7 C11H9NO2 [M+H]+ 0.558 188.070 7/170.060 1/146.060 1/118.065 4/91.054 8 HMDB0000734 * - ## ##
10 L-Tryptophan 3.93 205.097 2 C11H12N2O2 [M+H]+ 0.077 188.070 5/170.060 0/159.091 7/148.060 0/144.080 9/132.080 8/118.065 4 HMDB0000929 * - ## ##
11 2-Methylindole 3.95 132.080 9 C9H9N [M+H]+ 0.864 132.080 9/117.057 6/105.070 1 HMDB0245234 * - - -
12 Corticosterone 6.90 347.221 6 C21H30O4 [M+H]+ -0.363 347.221 6/329.211 0/311.200 5/293.189 7/121.065 0/97.065 3/105.070 3 HMDB0001547 *** - - ##
13 Linoleyl carnitine 8.23 424.342 0 C25H45NO4 [M+H]+ -0.437 424.342 0/425.345 0/85.029 1/60.081 8 HMDB0006469 * # - ##
14 Arachidoyl ethanolamide 8.45 356.352 1 C22H45NO2 [M+H]+ -0.466 357.355 6/356.352 1/338.341 5/106.086 7/88.076 3/70.066 0 HMDB0248559 ** # - -
15 Palmitoylcarnitine 8.51 400.342 7 C23H46NO4 [M+H]+ 1.510 400.342 7/85.029 1/60.181 7 HMDB0000222 * ## - ##
16 Oleoylcarnitine 8.76 427.361 5 C25H48NO4 [M+H]+ 0.009 427.361 5/426.388 0/85.029 2/60.0817 4 HMDB0005065 ** ### # ###
17 Arachidonic acid 13.16 305.247 4 C20H32O2 [M+H]+ -0.127 305.247 5/287.236 7/221.153 5/207.138 8/121.101 4/109.101 6/93.070 4/81.070 6/67.055 1 HMDB0001043 *** ### - ##
18 9-Octadecenamide 13.14 282.279 1 C18H35NO [M+H]+ -0.217 282.279 1/265.252 3/247.241 3/97.101 7/83.080 1/69.070 8 HMDB0247607 * - ## #
19 Glycerol phenylbutyrate 13.58 531.387 9 C33H38O6 [M+H]+ 0.259 531.387 9/133.065 0/119.085 8/91.054 8 HMDB0252844 * - - -
20 L-Tyrosine 1.44 180.065 8 C9H11NO3 [M+H]- 1.612 180.065 8/163.039 0/119.048 8/92.918 3/72.007 5 HMDB0000158 * - - -
21 3, 4-Dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid 4.06 181.049 8 C9H10O4 [M+H]- 1.462 181.049 8/163.039 1/135.044 0/119.044 8/72.991 5 HMDB0000423 * - ## #
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基于液质联用代谢组学技术的酸枣仁汤抗抑郁作用机制研究
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吴江 1 , 韩瑞 2 , 赵妮 1 , 褚迎新 1 , 张荫杰 1 , 秦雪梅 1 , 杜晨晖 2, * , 闫艳 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2023,58(7): 1952-1962
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2023, 58(7): 1952-1962
基于液质联用代谢组学技术的酸枣仁汤抗抑郁作用机制研究
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吴江1, 韩瑞2, 赵妮1, 褚迎新1, 张荫杰1, 秦雪梅1, 杜晨晖2, * , 闫艳1, *
作者信息
  • 1.山西大学中医药现代研究中心, 山西 太原 030006
  • 2.山西中医药大学中药与食品工程学院, 山西 太原 030619

通讯作者:

*闫艳, Tel: 86-351-7018379, E-mail: ;
杜晨晖, Tel: 86-351-3179935, E-mail:
UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS based metabolomics and analysis of the effect of Suanzaoren Decoction on serum of chronic unpredictable mild stress depression rats
Jiang WU1, Rui HAN2, Ni ZHAO1, Ying-xin CHU1, Yin-jie ZHANG1, Xue-mei QIN1, Chen-hui DU2, * , Yan YAN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
  • 2. Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030619, China
出版时间: 2023-07-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1353
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利用超高效液相色谱串联四极杆‒静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS) 代谢组学技术分析酸枣仁汤(Suanzaoren decoction, SZRD) 对慢性不可预知温和应激(chronic unpredictable mild stress, CUMS) 抑郁模型大鼠血清内源性代谢物代谢紊乱的调控作用, 明确酸枣仁汤发挥抗抑郁作用的代谢调控途径。将大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、阳性药文拉法辛组以及酸枣仁汤高(24 g·kg-1)、低剂量(12 g·kg-1) 组。分别对大鼠实施热刺激、冰水游泳、超声刺激、夹尾、昼夜颠倒、足底电击等刺激, 复制CUMS模型, 造模同时给予药物, 持续28天后, 观察各组大鼠行为学指标并收集大鼠海马组织以及血清样本。与CUMS模型组大鼠相比, 酸枣仁汤低剂量和高剂量组能显著降低强迫游泳不动时间(P < 0.001, P < 0.001)、提高糖水偏爱率(P < 0.01, P < 0.05)、旷场实验穿越格数(P < 0.05, P < 0.01) 和直立次数(P < 0.05, P < 0.01), 并能明显降低血清中IL-6、IL-1β以及TNF-α等炎性因子水平而发挥抗抑郁作用。能显著改善CUMS模型组大鼠抑郁样行为。共鉴定与指认出血清中与抑郁相关的21个差异代谢物, 酸枣仁汤低剂量组能显著回调8种, 酸枣仁汤高剂量组能显著回调其中11种。代谢通路分析显示丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢、色氨酸代谢通路和花生四烯酸代谢是酸枣仁汤发挥抗抑郁作用的主要代谢途径。本研究为扩大酸枣仁汤临床适应证提供了科学依据。本实验获得山西大学动物伦理委员会批准(批准号: SXULL2020028)。

酸枣仁汤  /  UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS  /  血清代谢组学  /  慢性不可预知温和应激抑郁  /  作用机制

A UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS based metabolomic approach combined with biochemical assay and histopathological inspection were employed to study the intervention effects of Suanzaoren Decoction (SZRD) on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) depression rats, and to clarify the metabolic regulation pathway of SZRD. The rats were randomly divided into normal control group, CUMS model group, positive drug venlafaxine group, SZRD high (24 g·kg-1) and low (12 g·kg-1) dose groups, respectively. The CUMS model was replicated by subjecting to a variety of stimulus, such as thermal stimulation, ice water swimming, ultrasonic stimulation, tail clamping, day and night reversal, plantar electric shock and so on for rats. After oral administration of drugs for 28 days, the behavioral indexes of rats in each group were observed and the hippocampus and serum samples of rats were collected for biochemical assay and histopathological inspection. Compared with the CUMS model group, low dose and high dose SZRD groups can significantly reduce the immobility time of forced swimming (P < 0.001, P < 0.001), increase the sucrose preference rate (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), the number of crossings (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) and the number of uprights (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) in the open field test, suggesting that SZRD can significantly improve the depression-like behavior of CUMS model rats. In addition, SZRD could significantly reduce the levels of serum IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α of CUMS model rats. A total of 21 differential metabolites in serum were identified by comparison with the data from the literature and databases. In addition, low-dose SZRD and high-dose SZRD improved the 8 and 11 perturbed potential serum biomarkers that were induced by CUMS, respectively, which related to alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid, tryptophan and arachidonic acid metabolism. This study provides a scientific basis for expanding the clinical indications of SZRD. This experiment was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Shanxi University (Approval No. SXULL2020028).

Suanzaoren decoction  /  UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS  /  serum metabolomics  /  chronic unpredictable mild stress depression  /  mechanism
吴江, 韩瑞, 赵妮, 褚迎新, 张荫杰, 秦雪梅, 杜晨晖, 闫艳. 基于液质联用代谢组学技术的酸枣仁汤抗抑郁作用机制研究. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (7) : 1952 -1962 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1353
Jiang WU, Rui HAN, Ni ZHAO, Ying-xin CHU, Yin-jie ZHANG, Xue-mei QIN, Chen-hui DU, Yan YAN. UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS based metabolomics and analysis of the effect of Suanzaoren Decoction on serum of chronic unpredictable mild stress depression rats[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (7) : 1952 -1962 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1353
抑郁症又称抑郁障碍, 是一种常见的情感性精神障碍, 以长期情绪低落、消沉为主要临床表现, 常伴有焦虑、自卑、对周围事物兴趣快感降低等症状, 严重者甚至有自杀倾向, 对工作生活造成严重影响[1]。2008年, 世界卫生组织就将其列为全球第三大疾病, 并预测到2030年, 该疾病将排名第一[2]。越来越多的研究表明, 中药及其复方制剂在治疗抑郁症方面显示出独特的疗效。中药制剂不仅不良反应少, 且具有多靶点效应、疗效佳以及患者依从性好的特点[3, 4]
酸枣仁汤始载于东汉末年张仲景所著《金匮要略》血痹虚劳篇, 曰“虚劳虚烦不得眠, 酸枣仁汤主之”, 由酸枣仁(二升)、甘草(一两)、知母(二两)、茯苓(二两)、川芎(二两) 五味中药组成, 方中重用酸枣仁补血调肝, 清心安神, 为君药; 茯苓宁心安神, 益气健脾, 知母养阴清热除烦, 共为臣药; 川芎辛散, 活血行气, 调肝疏肝, 与酸枣仁相伍, 酸收辛散并用, 补血行血, 共奏调肝、养血、安神之功, 为佐药; 甘草和中缓急, 调和诸药, 为使药。共奏养血安神、清热除烦之功[5]。后代医家经加减化裁或中西药联用也用于治疗更年期抑郁症、焦虑症等[6]。Shang等[7]对酸枣仁汤联合氟西汀治疗肝郁血虚型抑郁症伴失眠患者进行评价, 量表评价及血浆中5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT)、去甲肾上腺素(norepinephrine, NE)、脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF) 等含量测定结果发现联合用药疗效优于单用氟西汀。药理学研究表明, 酸枣仁汤能够明显增加慢性不可预知温和应激(chronic unpredictable mild stress, CUMS) 抑郁模型大鼠脑内单胺类神经递质的含量[8], 且能够显著回调抑郁模型大鼠海马中的DKK-1与β-catenin、GSK-3β以及CaMKⅡ基因的表达[9]。对CUMS模型大鼠给予酸枣仁汤后发现可有效减弱GFAP和Cx43的表达从而有效减轻大鼠神经细胞的损伤进而达到抗抑郁的效果[10]。Ye等[11]采用网络药理学研究表明酸枣仁汤治疗失眠和抑郁症的主要作用通路为血清素受体通路和多巴胺受体通路等。可见, 酸枣仁汤抗抑郁作用临床证据确凿, 在动物实验中具有抗抑郁作用。目前, 有关酸枣仁汤抗抑郁血清代谢轮廓的调节作用机制尚缺少深入研究。
代谢处于基因调控网络和蛋白质作用网络的下游, 体现着已经发生的生命活动, 代谢物的综合分析, 为人类表型提供了一种更直接的特征标签和更敏感的检测方法。代谢组学技术对于大量样品组间差异的研究具有极大优势, 能够将原始的反映样品信息的复杂数据经过一系列的降维处理, 筛选出能够反映复杂数据主要信息的简单维度的成分[12]。超高效液相色谱串联四极杆‒静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS) 具有高动态检测范围、快速、灵敏性强以及分辨率高等优点, 能快速、准确地对化学成分进行定性分析[13]。本研究结合传统药效学和基于UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS技术的血清代谢组学, 初步探讨酸枣仁汤的抗抑郁作用机制。
药物  酸枣仁(批号: 201909) 购于河北省安国市嘉润中药材有限公司, 为鼠李科植物酸枣Ziziphsu jujube Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou的成熟干燥种子。茯苓(批号: 200501, 亳州市京皖中药饮片厂) 为多孔菌科真菌茯苓Poriacocos (Schw.) Wolf.的干燥菌核; 知母(批号2020110451, 安徽盛海堂中药饮片有限公司) 为百合科植物知母Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge.的干燥根茎; 川芎(批号200713005, 北京仟草中药饮片有限公司) 为伞形科植物川芎Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.的干燥根茎; 甘草(批号: 201202, 亳州市京皖中药饮片厂) 为豆科植物甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch的干燥根和根茎, 购于北京同仁堂山西连锁药店有限责任公司。以上药材均经山西中医药大学中药鉴定教研室杜晨晖教授鉴定。所有样品存放于山西大学中医药现代研究中心阴冷库, 温度10 ℃, 相对湿度60% ± 5%。
酸枣仁汤的制备  依据第5版《方剂学》教材[14], 酸枣仁汤的煎煮法如下: 称取酸枣仁180 g、茯苓100 g、知母100 g、川芎50 g、甘草30 g, 全方共计460 g, 加8倍量水, 浸泡1 h后, 煮沸30 min后用8层纱布过滤, 药渣再加6倍水煎煮, 沸后20 min, 纱布过滤, 合并滤液, 减压浓缩至2.4 g·mL-1
仪器与试剂  分析级甲醇(天津市大茂化学试剂厂); 质谱级甲酸(CAS: 64-18-6), 质谱级乙腈(CAS: 75-05-8) 购自赛默飞世尔科技(中国) 有限公司; IL-6 ELISA试剂盒(批号RA20607)、IL-1β ELISA试剂盒(批号RA20020)、TNF-α ELISA试剂盒(批号RA20035) 购自武汉贝茵莱生物科技有限公司。U3000型超高效液相色谱仪、ExactiveTM Orbitrap质谱仪、88880018型涡旋仪、DNA120-230型离心浓缩仪(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司); CPA225D型十万分之一分析天平(德国Sartorius公司); KQ5200E型超声波清洗器(昆山市超声仪器有限公司); 全自动氮吹浓缩仪(瑞典Biotage公司)。
实验动物  健康雄性SPF级SD大鼠(体重: 200~220 g, 年龄: 6~8周), 购自北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司, 许可证号: SCXK (京) 2021-0011。饲养环境温度为24 ± 1 ℃, 湿度为55% ± 5%, 光照/黑暗周期为12/12 h。实验期间动物保持自由饮水和进食。研究中的动物实验通过了山西大学动物伦理委员会的批准(批号: SXULL2020028)。
动物分组、给药与模型复制  适应性饲养7天后, 经体重、旷场实验及糖水偏爱实验测试后, 选择指标相近60只大鼠分为5组(n = 12), 即正常对照组(control, CN)、模型组(model, M)、阳性药组(venlafaxine, V, 盐酸文拉法辛35 mg·kg-1)、酸枣仁汤低剂量组(SZRDL, 12 g·kg-1) 和高剂量组(SZRDH, 24 g·kg-1)。参照文献[15]方法建立CUMS大鼠抑郁模型, 单独饲养, 每天随机选用一种应激方式, 同一种刺激累计使用不超过4次。如热刺激50 ℃、10 min, 4 ℃冰水游泳5 min, 超声刺激60 Hz、3 h, 夹尾2 min, 昼夜颠倒24 h, 足底电击10次(每次10 s), 禁水24 h, 束缚3 h和禁食24 h等, 避免重复, 持续4周。正常对照组大鼠正常摄食摄水, 不给予任何刺激; 正常对照组和模型组大鼠灌胃给予等量的生理盐水。
行为学检测
糖水偏爱实验(sucrose preference test, SPT)  在实验前对每只大鼠给予1%蔗糖水溶液和饮用水以进行糖水偏爱实验训练。训练结束后, 对大鼠禁食禁水12 h, 之后在每个鼠笼同一高度放置2个规格相同且事先已称重的水瓶(1瓶1%蔗糖水和1瓶饮用水), 测定4 h内的糖水消耗量。并计算糖水偏爱度。在实验的第28天进行糖水偏爱实验。糖水偏爱度=糖水消耗/ (糖水消耗+ 正常水消耗) × 100%[16]
旷场实验(open field test, OFT)  在实验的第28天进行旷场实验, 实验于长50 cm、宽10 cm、高50 cm的旷场箱内进行, 旷场实验底部被分为25个相等的小正方形。实验于安静的环境下从下午14:00至19:00期间进行, 首先, 将大鼠置于中心方格内适应1 min后, 记录4 min内大鼠的穿越格数和直立次数[17]
强迫游泳实验(forced swimming test, FST)  参考文献[18], 实验装置采用圆柱形有机玻璃容器(高50 cm, 直径20 cm), 水深30 cm, 温度25 ± 1 ℃。第28天对每只大鼠进行15 min的强迫游泳训练。第29天进行强迫游泳实验, 先使每只大鼠适应2 min, 记录后4 min内的大鼠不动时间(s)。大鼠在水中停止挣扎, 呈漂浮状态, 只有细小的肢体运动以保持头部浮在水面上被定义为不动状态。
血清样本的收集  末次给药后, 大鼠禁食24 h后, 麻醉, 腹主动脉取血, 室温静置30 min, 4 ℃环境下以3500 r·min-1离心10 min, 取上清, 置于-80 ℃冰箱储存, 以待进行代谢组学分析和生化指标的测定。
海马组织病理切片  处死大鼠后, 取下海马组织, 用生理盐水冲洗。然后于4%多聚甲醛溶液中固定, 经石蜡切片后进行苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin, HE) 染色。在光学显微镜下(200×和400×) 对脑组织进行病理观察并采集图像。
生化指标的测定  血清中炎症因子IL-6、IL-1β以及TNF-α的检测, 操作步骤按照ELISA试剂盒说明书进行。
UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS代谢组学分析
血清样本的处理  取50 μL血清样品, 加入预冷的150 μL甲醇-乙腈(1∶1), 涡旋3 min, 离心10 min (13 000 r·min-1, 4 ℃)。取上清150 μL, 氮吹浓缩至干。加70%甲醇200 μL复溶, 涡旋3 min, 离心15 min (13 000 r·min-1, 4 ℃)。取上清液于液相小瓶中进行LC-MS分析。
质控样本  为了评估UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS整个分析过程的稳定性和重复性, 将所有待测血清样品按上述方法处理, 得到上清液, 每个样品各取10 μL上清液混合后涡旋3 min, 离心10 min (13 000 r·min-1, 4 ℃) 取上清得到质量控制(quality control, QC) 样本。进样前, 运行6针QC样品; 进样时, 每走完1组样本, 插入1针QC样本。
色谱条件  ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3柱(100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm), 柱温50 ℃, 流动相: A为0.1%甲酸水溶液, B为乙腈, 梯度洗脱条件为: 0~1 min, 2% B; 1~6 min, 2%~60% B; 6~13 min, 60%~90% B; 13~14 min, 90%~100% B; 14~15 min, 100% B; 15~17 min, 100%~2% B; 17~19 min, 2% B。流速0.35 mL·min-1, 进样量2 μL。
质谱条件  离子源: ESI源; 正、负离子分别扫描; 工作模式: Full MS/dd ms2; 质谱参数为: 鞘气流速: 40 arb (ESI+) 38 arb (ESI-); 辅助气流速: 5 arb (ESI+)、10 arb (ESI-); 喷雾电压: 3.2 kV (ESI+), 2.5 KV (ESI-); 毛细管温度: 320 ℃; 离子源温度: 350 ℃ (ESI+), 300 ℃ (ESI-); 一级全扫描分辨率70 000 FWHM, 二级扫描分辨率为17 500 FWHM, 质荷比窗口宽度为2.0 m/z; 扫描范围100~1 500 m/z; 动态排除持续时间: 8 s。碰撞能量为30 eV。
统计学方法及数据处理
药效学数据采用GraphPad Prism 8.1软件作图。数据以$\bar{x}$ ± s表示, 采用SPSS 26软件对正常对照组与CUMS模型组差异代谢物的相对含量进行独立样本t检验分析; 药效学及生物指标测定采用One-Way ANOVA检验进行统计学分析。P < 0.05被认为数据之间存在显著性差异。
采用Compound Discover (CD) 3.3软件(美国Thermo公司) 进行图谱提取、去噪音、解卷积和归一化等数据预处理, 导出csv格式的二维数据矩阵, 包括质核比m/z和峰面积。使用SIMCA-P 14.1 (瑞典Umetrics公司) 软件对以上数据矩阵进行主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA) 和正交偏最小二乘判别分析(partial least squares discriminant analysis, OPLS-DA)。差异代谢物输入MetaboAnalyst 5.0 (https://www.metaboanalyst.ca/) 数据库进行代谢通路分析。
代谢物的鉴别
在一级质谱信息成功匹配的前提下, 利用CD软件中自带的mzcloud数据库及HMDB (https://hmdb.ca/) 数据库进行二级碎片比对, 设定质量偏差在5范围内, 即表示理论分子量与实测分子量匹配, 进行差异代谢物的鉴别。此外, 采用HMDB数据库对mzcloud数据库中的未知代谢物进行鉴别。
造模28天后, 与正常对照组相比, CUMS模型组大鼠体重显著降低(P < 0.001); 与CUMS模型组相比, 文拉法辛组(P < 0.05)、酸枣仁汤低剂量组(P < 0.01)及酸枣仁汤高剂量组(P < 0.05)均能显著增加CUMS大鼠体重(图 1A)。表明酸枣仁汤能显著扭转CUMS造模引起的大鼠体重减轻。
与正常对照组相比, 模型组大鼠糖水消耗量显著减少(P < 0.01) (图 1B); 游泳不动时间显著延长(P < 0.01) (图 1C); 穿越格数(P < 0.001) (图 1D) 和直立次数(P < 0.05) (图 1E) 显著减少。与模型组相比, 文拉法辛组(P < 0.05)、酸枣仁汤低剂量组(P < 0.01) 以及酸枣仁汤高剂量组(P < 0.05) 均能显著增加CUMS抑郁模型大鼠糖水消耗量。文拉法辛组(P < 0.05)、酸枣仁汤高、低剂量组(P < 0.001, P < 0.001) 均能显著减少CUMS抑郁模型大鼠游泳不动时间。文拉法辛组能够显著增加大鼠的穿越格数(P < 0.01) 和直立次数(P < 0.05); 同样, 酸枣仁汤低剂量和高剂量组均能明显增加CUMS大鼠的穿越格数和直立次数(P < 0.05, P < 0.01)。酸枣仁汤能有效逆转大鼠体重减轻、显著逆转抑郁大鼠的快感缺失和行为绝望现象, 具有显著的抗抑郁作用。
图 2所示, 正常对照组海马神经元形态规则, 排列整齐密集, 胞核大而圆, 呈均匀淡蓝色, 核仁清楚, 细胞质丰富, 无胶质细胞增生。与正常对照组相比, 模型组海马齿状回(DG区) 可见个别神经元紧缩深染, 胞体缩小变形, 胞核胞质分界不清晰。与模型组相比, 文拉法辛组以及酸枣仁汤高、低剂量组的大鼠海马组织病理状况均有一定程度的好转。
炎症一直被认为是抑郁症的潜在病理生理因素之一[19]。与正常对照组相比, 模型组大鼠血清中IL-6、IL-1β及TNF-α浓度显著升高(P < 0.01)。与模型组相比, 给予文拉法辛以及酸枣仁汤高、低剂量均能明显降低CUMS大鼠血清中的IL-6 (P < 0.01)、IL-1β (P < 0.05) 及TNF-α (P < 0.01) 水平, 见图 3
按照“UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS代谢组学分析”项下方法, 采集QC样品正、负离子模式下色谱图, 并进行数据质量评价。如图 4AB所示, 在正、负离子模式下, 原始峰表中峰面积RSD值小于或等于30%占所有峰的70%以上, 表明本实验分析系统稳定可靠, 所得数据质量可信。
在以上色谱质谱分析条件下, 正离子模式下产生了3 146个离子, 负离子模式下产生了6 036个离子。首先, 将所获得各组大鼠血清代谢谱峰表导入SIMCA-P 14.1 (Umetrics公司) 软件中, 进行数据异常值筛选。如图 4CD所示, Hotelling's T2 range线图显示所有数据均在99%置信区间内。其次, 将以上数据进行无监督的PCA分析。如图 4EF所示, 3D PCA图显示正常对照组与模型组能够很好地被分开, 文拉法辛组、酸枣仁汤低剂量组、高剂量位于正常对照组与模型组之间, 均对模型具有一定的回调作用。
为进一步确定各组间的代谢物差异, 需要对复杂数据进行降维处理, 以消除多信息共存中的重叠部分而提取出主要成分进行分析。采用OPLS-DA对模型组与正常对照组进行分析。如图 4GH所示, 在正、负离子模式下, 正常对照组与模型组沿t[1]轴分开。正离子模式下R2X = 0.406, R2Y = 0.963, Q2 = 0.73; 负离子模式下R2X = 0.637, R2Y = 1, Q2 = 0.714, 表明模型具有较高的解释率及预测率。200次模型验证结果表明, Q2点的回归线与纵轴相交于原点以下, 表明未产生过拟合, 模型可靠。
图 4KL, S-plot图中VIP > 1和P < 0.05的特征峰作为潜在差异代谢物, 共得到337个。
借助CD软件中mzCloud数据库及HMDB数据库, 并根据以上血清代谢物的质荷比(m/z)、分子式、二级碎片离子, 对正常对照组与模型组之间的潜在差异代谢物进行鉴定, 共指认出21个差异代谢物, 详细鉴别过程见表 1。与正常对照组相比, CUMS模型组中焦谷氨酸、L-谷氨酰胺、丁酸苯酯甘油酯、花生四烯酸乙醇酰胺、花生四烯酸含量显著增加(P < 0.05); 甜菜碱、L-脯氨酸、L-酪氨酸、L-苯丙氨酸、吲哚丙烯酸、L-色氨酸、3, 4-二羟基肉桂酸、间甲苯酰胺、棕榈酰肉碱、油酰基肉碱、皮质酮、9-十八烯酰胺、亚油酰肉碱、2-甲基吲哚、4-羟基苯甲醛、亚精胺含量显著降低(P < 0.05)。文拉法辛组能显著回调其中7个代谢物; 酸枣仁汤低剂量能够显著回调其中8个代谢物; 酸枣仁汤高剂量能够显著回调其中11个代谢物。阳性药文拉法辛、酸枣仁汤高、低剂量组均能显著升高L-谷氨酰胺和油酰基肉碱的含量; 文拉法辛与酸枣仁汤高剂量均能显著下调亚油酰肉碱和花生四烯酸水平; 而酸枣仁汤高、低剂量组均能显著回调焦谷氨酸、3, 4-二羟基肉桂酸、吲哚丙烯酸、L-色氨酸以及9-十八烯酰胺5个代谢物。同时, 文拉法辛还能回调4-羟基苯甲醛、L-苯丙氨酸和花生四烯酸乙醇酰胺的含量; 酸枣仁汤低剂量还能回调甜菜碱的含量; 酸枣仁汤高剂量能单独回调皮质酮和棕榈酰肉碱的含量。
将上述差异代谢物导入Metaboanalyst 5.0平台分别进行代谢通路分析, 代谢通路影响值(impact value) > 0.1的通路被视为贡献值最大的代谢通路。如图 5A所示, 与正常对照组相比, CUMS模型组共筛选得到7条与抑郁显著相关的代谢通路, 包括苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸生物合成、苯丙氨酸代谢、花生四烯酸代谢、精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢、丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢、酪氨酸代谢以及色氨酸代谢。如图 5B所示, 低剂量酸枣仁汤作用的8个差异代谢物能调节色氨酸代谢以及丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢途径。如图 5C所示, 高剂量酸枣仁汤作用的11个差异代谢物除了能调节色氨酸代谢和丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢, 还能调节花生四烯酸代谢通路。如图 6所示, 对筛选到与抑郁症相关的代谢通路所涉及的差异代谢物进行关联分析, 可见各差异代谢物之间的相互关联。证明了抑郁症发病机制的复杂性及酸枣仁汤整体性调节的特点。
酸枣仁汤为补养心肝、益血安神的经典名方酸枣仁汤为治疗失眠的经典方剂, 是治疗失眠的常用方, 对于抑郁症的治疗具有显著效果。酸枣仁汤在临床上广泛用于抑郁症的治疗, 无论是单独使用, 还是联合西药或其他疗法共同使用, 均可有效改善抑郁症患者的症状[20]。本研究采用CUMS模型研究酸枣仁汤的抗抑郁作用及其作用机制。酸枣仁汤能通过增加CUMS大鼠体重以及改善抑郁样行为起到抗抑郁的作用, 同时还能显著降低CUMS大鼠血清中的IL-6、IL-1β以及TNF-α等炎性因子水平。LC-MS代谢组学结果显示CUMS大鼠血清与正常对照组共21个差异代谢物, 涉及7条与抑郁显著相关的代谢通路, 包括苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸生物合成、苯丙氨酸代谢、花生四烯酸代谢、精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢、丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢、酪氨酸代谢以及色氨酸代谢, 均与文献[21, 22]报道一致。酸枣仁汤低剂量组能够回调CUMS大鼠血清中8个差异代谢物, 涉及丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢及色氨酸代谢通路; 酸枣仁汤高剂量组能够回调CUMS大鼠血清中11个差异代谢物, 调节丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸、色氨酸及花生四烯酸代谢通路。本课题组研究显示酸枣仁汤治疗失眠也与丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢通路有关[23]。Du等[24]研究发现酸枣仁汤改善睡眠作用与色氨酸代谢密切相关。王喜军课题组[25]在对失眠模型果蝇给予酸枣仁汤的代谢组学研究中, 发现酸枣仁汤的催眠作用可能通过5-HT能激活介导所致。酸枣仁汤能通过调节花生四烯酸代谢通路来治疗失眠[26]。因此, 本课题组推测酸枣仁汤抗抑郁作用可能与其改善失眠有着间接关系。
丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢: 谷氨酰胺是谷氨酸的前体, 谷氨酸是兴奋性神经递质, 其过度增加会引起神经元和其他细胞如少突胶质细胞的损伤。同样有研究表明[27], 脯氨酸和焦谷氨酸是重要的谷氨酸衍生代谢物。与正常对照组相比, CUMS抑郁模型大鼠血清中谷氨酰胺含量显著升高(P < 0.05), 与文献[28]报道研究结果一致。这种变化有可能是为抵抗谷氨酸所诱发的神经毒性作用而出现的一种补偿适应行为[29, 30]。此外, CUMS抑郁模型大鼠血清中脯氨酸及焦谷氨酸的含量均发生显著性变化。给予酸枣仁汤后可发现酸枣仁汤低剂量组持续引发这种代偿行为, 进一步增加了谷氨酰胺(P < 0.05)。而给予高剂量酸枣仁汤则显示出明显回调(P < 0.05)。高、低剂量酸枣仁汤均能明显降低CUMS抑郁大鼠血清中的焦谷氨酸水平(P < 0.05)。综上, 提示酸枣仁汤可能通过影响谷氨酰胺、脯氨酸以及焦谷氨酸的含量进而调节谷氨酸从而介导丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢通路来发挥抗抑郁作用。
花生四烯酸代谢: 花生四烯酸是一种ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸, 广泛存在于动物的体内, 它和其代谢产物(如前列腺素、白三烯)是机体重要的生物活性物质, 可以调节大脑中的神经传递、兴奋性毒性和神经炎症等过程[31]。已有研究表明, 在阿尔茨海默症和重度抑郁症等精神类疾病中花生四烯酸及其代谢物的水平升高[32, 33]。花生四烯酸乙醇酰胺(arachidoyl ethanolamide)是一种内源性大麻素, 内源性大麻素来源于花生四烯酸, 可作用于突触前大麻素I型受体来抑制单胺类神经递质的释放[34]。研究报道, 给予ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸后, 小鼠大脑中花生四烯酸乙醇酰胺、2-花生四烯酸甘油水平降低, 并且小鼠的抑郁症状改善[35]。本研究发现与正常对照组相比, CUMS抑郁模型大鼠血清中花生四烯酸、花生四烯酸乙醇酰胺的含量显著升高(P < 0.001, P < 0.01), 且酸枣仁汤能显著降低花生四烯酸含量(P < 0.01), 调节紊乱的花生四烯酸代谢通路。酸枣仁汤能够显著降低CUMS大鼠血清中的炎症因子IL-6、IL-1β以及TNF-α, 与代谢组学结果一致, 提示酸枣仁汤可以通过降低花生四烯酸水平来抑制炎症反应发挥抗抑郁作用。
色氨酸代谢: 抑郁症的发病生化机制与神经突触间隙内5-HT浓度有关[36]。临床研究表明抑郁症患者体内5-HT释放减少可能与突出间隙含量下降密切相关[37]。5-HT是色氨酸的代谢产物, 色氨酸主要通过犬尿氨酸代谢生成5-HT[38], 且是合成5-HT的唯一底物[39]。吲哚丙烯酸(indoleacrylic acid)是色氨酸的代谢物, 可减轻炎症反应[40]。本研究发现CUMS抑郁模型大鼠血清中色氨酸与吲哚丙烯酸的含量显著降低(P < 0.05, P < 0.05), 而给予酸枣仁汤干预能够明显增加色氨酸和吲哚丙烯酸的含量(P < 0.01, P < 0.01)。推测酸枣仁汤能够增加外周色氨酸的含量进而调节色氨酸代谢通路来发挥抗抑郁作用。
本研究以CUMS为模型, 从药效学和代谢组学的角度初步探究了酸枣仁汤抗抑郁样作用及作用机制。研究结果为酸枣仁汤扩大临床适应证提供了科学依据。
作者贡献: 杜晨晖、闫艳负责研究思路的提出; 吴江、韩瑞、赵妮、褚迎新参与实验实施及数据处理; 吴江、张荫杰撰写文章草稿并负责修改; 秦雪梅负责论文写作指导。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(81603289)
  • 国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(81603251)
  • 山西省基础研究计划项目(20210302123470)
  • 山西省卫生健康委“十大晋药”中药材质量标准规范制定和综合利用研究项目(Zyczl2020007)
  • 山西省科学技术厅中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(YDZJSX2021C025)
  • 山西省科学技术厅-地产中药功效物质研究与利用山西省重点实验室项目(201605D111004)
  • 山西省研究生创新项目(2022Y163)
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2023年第58卷第7期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1353
  • 接收时间:2022-12-07
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-07-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-12-07
  • 修回日期:2023-04-25
基金
国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(81603289)
国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(81603251)
山西省基础研究计划项目(20210302123470)
山西省卫生健康委“十大晋药”中药材质量标准规范制定和综合利用研究项目(Zyczl2020007)
山西省科学技术厅中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(YDZJSX2021C025)
山西省科学技术厅-地产中药功效物质研究与利用山西省重点实验室项目(201605D111004)
山西省研究生创新项目(2022Y163)
作者信息
    1.山西大学中医药现代研究中心, 山西 太原 030006
    2.山西中医药大学中药与食品工程学院, 山西 太原 030619

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*闫艳, Tel: 86-351-7018379, E-mail: ;
杜晨晖, Tel: 86-351-3179935, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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