Article(id=1198628676423217559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198628666650493481, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1300, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1669651200000, receivedDateStr=2022-11-29, revisedDate=1678204800000, revisedDateStr=2023-03-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763704945902, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1689091200000, pubDateStr=2023-07-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763704945902, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763704945902, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763704945902, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198628666650493481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='7', pageStart='0', pageEnd='1980', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763704943573, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766137716668, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208832456644490122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198628666650493481, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208832456644490123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198628666650493481, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1922, endPage=1930, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198628678109327834, articleId=1198628676423217559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Research on the mechanisms of ethanol extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in improving CFA-induced inflammatory pain rats based on 1H NMR metabolomics, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ethanol extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SGE) on endogenous metabolites in toes of rats with inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) based on 1H NMR metabolomics, which would provide foundation for revealing the effects and mechanisms of SGE in improving inflammatory pain. This animal experiment was approved by the Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments of Shanxi University (SXULL2022062). The rats model of inflammatory pain was induced by subcutaneous injection of CFA (0.1 mL), and the effect of low, medium and high doses of SGE (1.5, 3, 6 g·kg-1) on inflammatory pain were explored. The effects of SGE on relieving inflammatory pain was evaluated by mechanical nociceptive thresholds (MNTs) test. Western blot was used to detect the effects of SGE on protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and phospho-NF-κB (p-NF-κB). 1H NMR metabolomics was used to analyze the regulatory effects of SGE on endogenous metabolites in the toes of rats with inflammatory pain. The results showed that SGE (6 g·kg-1) could significantly relieve CFA-induced inflammatory pain, and also notably inhibit the protein expression of COX-2, NF-κB and p-NF-κB. SGE could markedly reverse the changes of 8 differential metabolites, such as glycine, glutamine, succinate, phosphorylcholine, etc. The metabolites were involved in eight metabolic pathways, such as glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, glutathione metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism. These results suggest that SGE may relieve inflammatory pain by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway and metabolic abnormality.

, correspAuthors=Jing ZHAO, Li GAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jin-xia ZHAO, Xue-mei QIN, Jing ZHAO, Li GAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198628680542024374, articleId=1198628676423217559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于1H NMR代谢组学研究黄芩醇提物改善CFA致大鼠炎性疼痛的作用机制, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本文旨在基于1H NMR代谢组学技术, 考察黄芩醇提物(ethanol extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, SGE) 对完全弗氏佐剂(complete Freund's adjuvant, CFA) 诱导的炎性疼痛大鼠足趾中内源性代谢物的影响, 为揭示SGE改善炎性疼痛的作用及机制提供依据。本实验获得山西大学伦理委员会的批准(批准号: SXULL2022062)。通过大鼠足底皮下注射CFA (0.1 mL) 造成炎性疼痛模型, 考察低、中、高剂量SGE (1.5、3、6 g·kg-1) 改善炎性疼痛的作用和机制。通过测定机械压痛阈值(mechanical nociceptive thresholds, MNTs) 评价SGE改善炎性疼痛的药效; 采用Western blot检测SGE对环氧合酶-2 (cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2)、核因子κB (nuclear factor kappa-B, NF-κB) 和磷酸化NF-κB (phospho-NF-κB, p-NF-κB) 蛋白表达的影响; 采用1H NMR代谢组学技术分析SGE对炎性疼痛大鼠足趾中内源性代谢物的调节作用。结果显示SGE (6 g·kg-1) 能显著缓解CFA诱导的炎性疼痛, 显著抑制COX-2、NF-κB和p-NF-κB蛋白表达, 并能显著回调8种差异代谢物的改变, 如甘氨酸、谷氨酰胺、琥珀酸、磷酸胆碱等; 共涉及7条代谢通路如甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢, 丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢, 乙醛酸和二羧酸代谢, 谷胱甘肽代谢, 甘油磷脂代谢等。结果表明, SGE可能通过调控NF-κB信号通路和代谢异常缓解炎性疼痛。

, correspAuthors=赵靖, 高丽, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*赵靖, Tel: 44-0-207670959, E-mail: ;
高丽, Tel: 86-351-7018379, E-mail:
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Antioxid Redox Signal, 2010, 12: 1009-1059., articleTitle=Generation and biological activities of oxidized phospholipids, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1198960103538918359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628676423217559, awardId=202105D121009, language=CN, fundingSource=地产中药功效物质研究与利用山西省重点实验室(202105D121009), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198960095125143808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628676423217559, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960095129338112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628676423217559, companyId=1198960095125143808, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960095137726720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628676423217559, companyId=1198960095125143808, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山西大学中医药现代研究中心, 山西 太原 030006)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198960095250972940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628676423217559, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960095259361549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628676423217559, companyId=1198960095250972940, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030006, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960095267750158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628676423217559, companyId=1198960095250972940, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.化学生物学与分子工程教育部重点实验室, 山西 太原 030006)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198960095385190682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628676423217559, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960095397773595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628676423217559, companyId=1198960095385190682, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. The key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030006, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960095401967900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628676423217559, companyId=1198960095385190682, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.地产中药功效物质研究与利用山西省重点实验室, 山西 太原 030006)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198960095519408420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628676423217559, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960095531991334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628676423217559, companyId=1198960095519408420, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4. Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960095544574248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628676423217559, companyId=1198960095519408420, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.英国伦敦大学学院医学院Wolfson生物医学研究所, 伦敦)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1198960100254778042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628676423217559, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=x9RHLw48PjxqoeJpFwzmGg==, figureFileBig=wBuax5RpuZ+HVJPLrrQFMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960100414161608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628676423217559, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Effect of SGE on MNTs in rats with inflammatory pain. <i>n</i> = 9, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$\bar{x}$</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> model group. SGE: Ethanol extract of <i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i> Georgi; MNTs: Mechanical nociceptive thresholds; L-SGE: Low-dose ethanol extract of <i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i> Georgi group (1.5 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>); M-SGE: Middle-dose ethanol extract of <i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i> Georgi group (3 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>); H-SGE: High-dose ethanol extract of <i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i> Georgi group (6 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>); ASA: Aspirin group (100 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>) , figureFileSmall=x9RHLw48PjxqoeJpFwzmGg==, figureFileBig=wBuax5RpuZ+HVJPLrrQFMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960100670014178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628676423217559, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Trf3odKJAvjhwI6MHPW/gw==, figureFileBig=0mJb41Shi51Sm3XN+ZPDkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960100879729392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628676423217559, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Effect of SGE on the expression of COX-2, NF-<i>κ</i>B and <i>p</i>-NF-<i>κ</i>B in CFA-induced rats (A), the statistical diagram of COX-2 expression (B), the statistical diagram of NF-<i>κ</i>B expression(C), and the statistical diagram of <i>p</i>-NF-<i>κ</i>B expression (D). <i>n</i> = 4, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$\bar{x}$</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> model group. COX-2: Cyclooxygenase-2; NF-<i>κ</i>B: Nuclear factor-<i>κ</i>B; <i>p</i>-NF-<i>κ</i>B: Phospho-NF-<i>κ</i>B , figureFileSmall=Trf3odKJAvjhwI6MHPW/gw==, figureFileBig=0mJb41Shi51Sm3XN+ZPDkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960101055890172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628676423217559, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=DIizVNM9LZzCvin0n6Jnhg==, figureFileBig=BmhgSyMjeuGNA3nvo+6N+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960101273993996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628676423217559, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Typical <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectra of toe tissue samples of rats in control group. The peak numbers in the figure are consistent with those in <a href="javascript:;" class="mag_content_a mag_xref_table" onclick="clickTabXref(this,'Table1')" rid="Table1">Table 1</a> , figureFileSmall=DIizVNM9LZzCvin0n6Jnhg==, figureFileBig=BmhgSyMjeuGNA3nvo+6N+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960101383045911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628676423217559, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=HiJHmXTACpisOacd19bOaA==, figureFileBig=xFzOCM2yiHqbQhPTG/9oYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960101508875045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628676423217559, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Multivariate statistical analysis of the metabolites in different groups of rats with inflammatory pain. A: PLS-DA score plot among the six groups; B: Permutation tests for the PLS-DA models of control and model group; C: OPLS-DA scores plot from the control and model group; D: The S-plots of OPLS-DA score plot between the control and model group , figureFileSmall=HiJHmXTACpisOacd19bOaA==, figureFileBig=xFzOCM2yiHqbQhPTG/9oYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960101630509871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628676423217559, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=hkoYa42Hg7dSm0hxp1O+1w==, figureFileBig=6UdZ6qOyu29FJiL3vnNmWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960101777310530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628676423217559, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Effect of SGE on metabolic profile of rats with inflammatory pain. A: OPLS-DA scores plot from the model and SGE (6 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>) group; B: The S-plots of OPLS-DA score plot between the model and SGE (6 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>) group , figureFileSmall=hkoYa42Hg7dSm0hxp1O+1w==, figureFileBig=6UdZ6qOyu29FJiL3vnNmWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960102045746008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628676423217559, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=vvab0pKS9+9Vhi8ONIv2Aw==, figureFileBig=d65piBMX7HAsVaS9PdfORQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960102188352358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628676423217559, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= Effect of SGE on relative peak area of differential metabolites in inflammatory pain rats. <i>n</i> = 6, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$\bar{x}$</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> model group , figureFileSmall=vvab0pKS9+9Vhi8ONIv2Aw==, figureFileBig=d65piBMX7HAsVaS9PdfORQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960102490342262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628676423217559, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=J1r4CVPHkEHuY5TTl46Wjw==, figureFileBig=W4JcMoQWXoSCMQWGtKD/xg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960102674891654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628676423217559, language=CN, label=Figure 7, caption= Effects of SGE on metabolic pathways of inflammatory pain rats , figureFileSmall=J1r4CVPHkEHuY5TTl46Wjw==, figureFileBig=W4JcMoQWXoSCMQWGtKD/xg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960102838469524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628676423217559, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=cVulIs1jv3MCg46UiwKkeQ==, figureFileBig=DpEeaBa+WuDmpY98tCsYug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960102989464482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628676423217559, language=CN, label=Figure 8, caption= Effects of SGE on metabolites and metabolic pathways in inflammatory pain rats. The green arrow represents metabolites regulated by SGE in CFA-induced rats , figureFileSmall=cVulIs1jv3MCg46UiwKkeQ==, figureFileBig=DpEeaBa+WuDmpY98tCsYug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960103153042352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628676423217559, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Metabolite δH/multiplicity
1 Isoleucine 0.94 (t, J = 7.4 Hz), 1.01 (d, J = 7.0 Hz)
2 Leucine 0.96 (t, J = 6.3 Hz), 1.72 (m)
3 Valine 0.99 (d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.04 (d, J = 6.6 Hz)
4 Lactic acid 1.33 (d, J = 6.6 Hz), 4.12 (q, J = 7.2 Hz)
5 Alanine 1.49 (d, J = 7.3 Hz)
6 Lysine 1.72 (m), 1.91 (m), 3.01 (m), 3.76 (t)
7 Acetic acid 1.92 (s)
8 Glutamate 2.06 (m), 2.14 (m), 2.36 (m)
9 Glutamine 2.15 (m), 2.44 (m)
10 Methionine 2.36 (m), 3.78 (m)
11 Pyruvate 2.37 (s)
12 Succinate 2.41 (s)
13 α-Ketoglutaric acid 2.45 (t), 3.01 (t)
14 Trimethylamine 2.86 (s)
15 Creatine 3.03 (s), 3.93 (s)
16 Phosphorylcholine 3.21 (s)
17 Arginine 3.23 (t)
18 Taurine 3.27 (t), 3.43 (t)
19 Scyllo-inositol 3.37 (s)
20 Glycine 3.56 (s)
21 Glyceryl 3.67 (m), 3.78 (m)
22 Aspartate 3.91 (s)
23 Fumarate 6.53 (s)
24 Tyrosine 6.90 (d, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.2 (d, J = 8.0 Hz)
25 Phenylalanine 7.33 (d, J = 7.2 Hz), 7.38 (m), 7.43 (m)
26 Xanthine 7.90 (s)
), ArticleFig(id=1198960103308231608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628676423217559, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Peak attribution in 1H NMR spectrum of rat toe tissue

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Metabolite δH/multiplicity
1 Isoleucine 0.94 (t, J = 7.4 Hz), 1.01 (d, J = 7.0 Hz)
2 Leucine 0.96 (t, J = 6.3 Hz), 1.72 (m)
3 Valine 0.99 (d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.04 (d, J = 6.6 Hz)
4 Lactic acid 1.33 (d, J = 6.6 Hz), 4.12 (q, J = 7.2 Hz)
5 Alanine 1.49 (d, J = 7.3 Hz)
6 Lysine 1.72 (m), 1.91 (m), 3.01 (m), 3.76 (t)
7 Acetic acid 1.92 (s)
8 Glutamate 2.06 (m), 2.14 (m), 2.36 (m)
9 Glutamine 2.15 (m), 2.44 (m)
10 Methionine 2.36 (m), 3.78 (m)
11 Pyruvate 2.37 (s)
12 Succinate 2.41 (s)
13 α-Ketoglutaric acid 2.45 (t), 3.01 (t)
14 Trimethylamine 2.86 (s)
15 Creatine 3.03 (s), 3.93 (s)
16 Phosphorylcholine 3.21 (s)
17 Arginine 3.23 (t)
18 Taurine 3.27 (t), 3.43 (t)
19 Scyllo-inositol 3.37 (s)
20 Glycine 3.56 (s)
21 Glyceryl 3.67 (m), 3.78 (m)
22 Aspartate 3.91 (s)
23 Fumarate 6.53 (s)
24 Tyrosine 6.90 (d, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.2 (d, J = 8.0 Hz)
25 Phenylalanine 7.33 (d, J = 7.2 Hz), 7.38 (m), 7.43 (m)
26 Xanthine 7.90 (s)
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基于1H NMR代谢组学研究黄芩醇提物改善CFA致大鼠炎性疼痛的作用机制
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赵锦霞 1, 2, 3 , 秦雪梅 1, 2, 3 , 赵靖 4, * , 高丽 1, 2, 3, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2023,58(7): 1922-1930
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2023, 58(7): 1922-1930
基于1H NMR代谢组学研究黄芩醇提物改善CFA致大鼠炎性疼痛的作用机制
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赵锦霞1, 2, 3, 秦雪梅1, 2, 3, 赵靖4, * , 高丽1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1.山西大学中医药现代研究中心, 山西 太原 030006
  • 2.化学生物学与分子工程教育部重点实验室, 山西 太原 030006
  • 3.地产中药功效物质研究与利用山西省重点实验室, 山西 太原 030006
  • 4.英国伦敦大学学院医学院Wolfson生物医学研究所, 伦敦

通讯作者:

*赵靖, Tel: 44-0-207670959, E-mail: ;
高丽, Tel: 86-351-7018379, E-mail:
Research on the mechanisms of ethanol extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in improving CFA-induced inflammatory pain rats based on 1H NMR metabolomics
Jin-xia ZHAO1, 2, 3, Xue-mei QIN1, 2, 3, Jing ZHAO4, * , Li GAO1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
  • 2. The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030006, China
  • 3. The key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030006, China
  • 4. Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
出版时间: 2023-07-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1300
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本文旨在基于1H NMR代谢组学技术, 考察黄芩醇提物(ethanol extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, SGE) 对完全弗氏佐剂(complete Freund's adjuvant, CFA) 诱导的炎性疼痛大鼠足趾中内源性代谢物的影响, 为揭示SGE改善炎性疼痛的作用及机制提供依据。本实验获得山西大学伦理委员会的批准(批准号: SXULL2022062)。通过大鼠足底皮下注射CFA (0.1 mL) 造成炎性疼痛模型, 考察低、中、高剂量SGE (1.5、3、6 g·kg-1) 改善炎性疼痛的作用和机制。通过测定机械压痛阈值(mechanical nociceptive thresholds, MNTs) 评价SGE改善炎性疼痛的药效; 采用Western blot检测SGE对环氧合酶-2 (cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2)、核因子κB (nuclear factor kappa-B, NF-κB) 和磷酸化NF-κB (phospho-NF-κB, p-NF-κB) 蛋白表达的影响; 采用1H NMR代谢组学技术分析SGE对炎性疼痛大鼠足趾中内源性代谢物的调节作用。结果显示SGE (6 g·kg-1) 能显著缓解CFA诱导的炎性疼痛, 显著抑制COX-2、NF-κB和p-NF-κB蛋白表达, 并能显著回调8种差异代谢物的改变, 如甘氨酸、谷氨酰胺、琥珀酸、磷酸胆碱等; 共涉及7条代谢通路如甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢, 丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢, 乙醛酸和二羧酸代谢, 谷胱甘肽代谢, 甘油磷脂代谢等。结果表明, SGE可能通过调控NF-κB信号通路和代谢异常缓解炎性疼痛。

黄芩醇提物  /  完全弗氏佐剂  /  炎性疼痛  /  代谢组学  /  作用机制

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ethanol extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SGE) on endogenous metabolites in toes of rats with inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) based on 1H NMR metabolomics, which would provide foundation for revealing the effects and mechanisms of SGE in improving inflammatory pain. This animal experiment was approved by the Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments of Shanxi University (SXULL2022062). The rats model of inflammatory pain was induced by subcutaneous injection of CFA (0.1 mL), and the effect of low, medium and high doses of SGE (1.5, 3, 6 g·kg-1) on inflammatory pain were explored. The effects of SGE on relieving inflammatory pain was evaluated by mechanical nociceptive thresholds (MNTs) test. Western blot was used to detect the effects of SGE on protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and phospho-NF-κB (p-NF-κB). 1H NMR metabolomics was used to analyze the regulatory effects of SGE on endogenous metabolites in the toes of rats with inflammatory pain. The results showed that SGE (6 g·kg-1) could significantly relieve CFA-induced inflammatory pain, and also notably inhibit the protein expression of COX-2, NF-κB and p-NF-κB. SGE could markedly reverse the changes of 8 differential metabolites, such as glycine, glutamine, succinate, phosphorylcholine, etc. The metabolites were involved in eight metabolic pathways, such as glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, glutathione metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism. These results suggest that SGE may relieve inflammatory pain by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway and metabolic abnormality.

ethanol extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi  /  complete Freund's adjuvant  /  inflammatory pain  /  metabolomics  /  mechanism of action
赵锦霞, 秦雪梅, 赵靖, 高丽. 基于1H NMR代谢组学研究黄芩醇提物改善CFA致大鼠炎性疼痛的作用机制. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (7) : 1922 -1930 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1300
Jin-xia ZHAO, Xue-mei QIN, Jing ZHAO, Li GAO. Research on the mechanisms of ethanol extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in improving CFA-induced inflammatory pain rats based on 1H NMR metabolomics[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (7) : 1922 -1930 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1300
疼痛是一种常见的临床症状, 炎性疼痛是其中最重要的类型[1, 2]。炎性疼痛通常由外周组织损伤和炎症引起, 具有痛觉过敏和持续性的特点, 是最常见、最难治的慢性疼痛[3, 4]。临床上缓解炎性疼痛的药物虽然种类较多, 如阿片类药物、加巴喷丁类药物、抗抑郁药、抗癫痫药等, 但其不良反应明显, 治疗效果普遍有限, 因此寻求新的缓解炎性疼痛的药物已成为当务之急。
黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) 是唇形科黄芩属多年生草本植物, 含有多种药理活性成分, 包括黄酮类和二萜类[5]。黄芩具有抗炎、抗菌、抗病毒、抗氧化等活性[6-8]。Fang等[9]研究发现黄芩的主要活性成分黄芩苷能改善完全弗氏佐剂(complete Freund's adjuvant, CFA) 致炎性疼痛小鼠的机械痛觉过敏, 其机制与调节蛋白激酶B (protein kinase B, Akt) 通路相关。此外, 黄芩素在骨癌痛大鼠模型中也具有抗炎镇痛作用, 主要与抑制丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinases, MAPK) 信号通路活化相关[10]。这些研究提示, 黄芩醇提物(ethanol extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, SGE) 可能具有缓解疼痛的作用, 然而, 其对CFA致大鼠炎性疼痛的药效有待确证, 其改善疼痛的机制是否和代谢相关尚不清楚。
CFA常作为免疫增强剂, 注射CFA可诱导炎性因子的释放, 因而常用于炎性疼痛模型的造模。核因子κB (nuclear factor kappa-B, NF-κB) 是重要的转录因子, 参与慢性炎性疼痛的发病机制, 调节炎症介质的释放[11-13], 且NF-κB信号通路激活能诱导环氧合酶-2 (cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2) 上调, 引发炎性痛觉过敏[14]
1H NMR代谢组学具有快速、准确、分辨率高、灵敏度高、样本量小等特点[15]。通过差异代谢物分析可识别疼痛相关的生物标志物, 发现疼痛相关的代谢途径改变, 有助于提高对疼痛发生机制及药物干预机制的系统理解[16, 17]。研究表明, CFA致炎性疼痛能引起异亮氨酸、谷氨酸、精氨酸、苯丙氨酸等代谢物的变化[18-20]。本研究首先考察SGE在CFA致炎性疼痛大鼠模型中的作用, 采用Western blot检测SGE对NF-κB信号通路相关蛋白表达的影响, 采用代谢组学技术分析SGE对炎性疼痛大鼠足趾组织内代谢物和代谢途径的影响, 从而为阐释SGE改善炎性疼痛的机制提供新的见解。
实验材料与试剂  黄芩(批号2020010371, 安徽盛海堂中药饮片有限公司), 由山西大学中医药现代研究中心秦雪梅教授鉴定为唇形科植物黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) 的干燥根, 样品保存于山西大学中医药现代研究中心。CFA (含0.1%灭活结核杆菌, 纯度 > 99%, 美国Sigma公司); 阿司匹林(批号: 20160685, 拜尔医药保健有限公司); 核磁试剂重水、2, 3, 3-三甲基甲硅烷基丙酸(美国Norell公司); 磷酸二氢钠、磷酸氢二钠(天津光复精细化工研究所); NF-κB、phospho-NF-κB (p-NF-κB)、COX-2, GAPDH抗体(武汉三鹰生物技术有限公司)、HRP羊抗兔二抗(上海生工生物工程有限公司)。
仪器  电子压痛仪(ZH-YLS-3E, 安徽正华仪器有限公司); Bruker 600-MHz AVANCE Ⅲ型超导核磁共振波谱仪(德国布鲁克公司); Sartorius BSA124S分析天平(德国Sartorius公司); DHFSTPRP-24型高通量组织研磨仪(宁波洛尚智能科技有限公司); TGL-16高速台式冷冻离心机(湖南湘仪离心机仪器有限公司); SCIENTZ-12N型真空冷冻干燥机(宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司)。Mini-PROTEAN Tetra电泳仪、光成像系统Chemi Doc TM XRS+ (Bio-Rad公司)。
实验动物  SPF级健康雄性SD大鼠购于北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司, 实验动物生产许可证号: SCXK (京) 2016-0006, 体质量210~230 g, 饲养于温度为20~24 ℃、恒定湿度45%~55%、明暗交替周期12 h环境下。所有动物实验严格按照山西大学关于实验动物护理和使用的指导原则进行。本研究已获得山西大学伦理委员会的批准(批准号: SXULL2022062)。
黄芩醇提物制备方法  研究发现SGE以60%乙醇为提取溶剂时, 其主要有效成分黄芩苷、黄芩素的含量高于黄芩水提物[21]。选用500 g黄芩, 加入10倍量60%乙醇回流提取2次, 每次2 h。过滤后, 合并滤液和浓缩液, 经真空冷冻干燥, 得到SGE冻干粉, 经UPLC-MS/MS检测, SGE的主要成分包括黄芩苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩苷、汉黄芩素等, 与课题组前期研究结果一致[22]
炎性疼痛模型构建及样本采集  54只SD大鼠随机分为6组, 包括对照组(Control)、模型组(Model)、黄芩醇提物低、中、高剂量组(L-SGE, M-SGE, H-SGE生药量分别为1.5、3、6 g·kg-1)、阿司匹林阳性药组(ASA, 100 mg·kg-1)。造模方式如下: 将100 μL CFA通过皮下注射于大鼠右后爪足底, 一周后再次注射同等剂量的CFA加强造模, 诱发炎性疼痛。造模结束后, 给药组按照10 mL·kg-1进行灌胃, 每天给药1次, 给药28天, 对照组、模型组给予相同体积的蒸馏水。给药28天后处死, 剪下大鼠右后爪用液氮淬灭, 保存于-80 ℃冰箱中。
机械压痛阈值测定  于给药后第14、28天使用电子压痛仪测试大鼠的机械压痛阈值(mechanical nociceptive thresholds, MNTs)。将大鼠右后肢足背部置于电子压痛仪硅板上, 并在足背部皮肤做一标记, 脚踩踏板增加压爪强度, 当大鼠出现缩腿、挣扎时, 踩下踏板, 此时压力为机械压痛阈值。当压力达到500 g, 而大鼠仍无反应时便停止压爪, 以免损伤皮肤, 并以500 g作为最高痛阈值。痛阈值测定时每组循环测定3次, 两次时间间隔大于5 min, 取3次的平均值作为MNTs。
Western blot实验  收集大鼠足趾组织样本, 加入RIPA裂解液在冰上裂解60 min, 每10 min涡旋一次, 14 000 r·min-1、4 ℃离心15 min收集上清液, 用BCA法测定蛋白浓度, 通过10% SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳分离蛋白(每孔上样量为40 μg), 将蛋白质转移到PVDF膜上, 用5%脱脂牛奶封闭2 h后, 分别加入NF-κB、p-NF-κB、COX-2抗体, 并在4 ℃下孵育过夜, 用TBST洗涤三次后, 将膜与二抗在37 ℃下孵育2 h, 用TBST洗涤三次后, 在Chemi Doc TM XRS+凝胶成像仪上显影成像, 并运用Image J软件对蛋白条带进行分析。
样品收集与制备  在4 ℃下解冻大鼠足趾组织, 然后称取大鼠足趾组织样本100 mg于1.5 ml EP管中, 加入500 μL甲醇和500 μL蒸馏水, 在冰浴条件下使用匀浆器匀浆, 4 ℃、13 000 r·min-1离心15 min, 取500 μL上清液于1.5 mL EP管中, 采用真空干燥浓缩仪将样品吹干, 然后将吹干的样品溶解在600 μL的混合磷酸盐缓冲液中, 4 ℃、13 000 r·min-1离心10 min, 精密取上清液550 μL转移进5 mm的核磁管中用于核磁共振分析。
1H NMR测定与谱图处理  在Bruker 600 MHz Avance III NMR仪上采集1H NMR图谱(25 ℃), 采用1D CPMG (Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill) 脉冲序列, 检测谱宽12 345.7 Hz, 扫描次数为64, FID分辨率0.188 Hz, 脉冲时间14 s, 采样时间2.726 3 s, 延迟时间1.0 s, 采样间隔40.5 s, 采样点为65536。采用Mest ReNova软件(Mestrelab Research, Santiago de Compostella, Spain) 对所有采集的数据进行傅里叶变换, 手动对光谱进行定相、基线调整, 以TSP校准化学位移。以化学位移间隔δ 0.5~9.00分段并以δ 0.01为积分面积, 除去水峰(δ 4.75~5.3), 对所有采集光谱进行积分。整理积分数据并对其进行归一化, 将上述数据保存在Excel文档中, 用于多元统计分析。依据化学位移、耦合常数和裂峰情况, 并结合公共数据库HMDB (http://www.hmdb.ca/)、BMRB (http://www.bmrb.wisc.edu/) 及软件Chenomx NMR Suit (eChenomxInc, 加拿大), 对代谢产物进行指认。
运用SIMCA-P 13.0 (Umetrics, 瑞典) 软件进行多元统计分析, 进行偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA) 和正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS-DA), 根据P < 0.05, 变量投影重要性(VIP > 1) 筛选出差异代谢物, 再将差异代谢物导入MetaboAnalyst 5.0 (http://www.metaboanalyst.ca/Metabo Analyst) 进行通路富集分析。Pathway impact表示由拓扑分析所计算出的代谢通路重要性值, -log P表示代谢通路富集分析的显著性水平, 并使用KEGG (http://www.kegg.jp) 数据库对代谢物涉及的代谢通路进行分析。
统计学处理  数据以$\bar{x}$ ± s表示, 使用Prism GraphPad 5.0进行统计分析, 通过单因素方差分析及t检验进行各组间差异比较。
与对照组相比, CFA致炎性疼痛大鼠机械压痛阈值显著降低(P < 0.001), 表明炎性疼痛大鼠模型成功建立; 给予阿司匹林14天后炎性疼痛大鼠的机械压痛阈值显著升高(P < 0.01), 给予SGE和阿司匹林28天后, 炎性疼痛大鼠的机械压痛阈值显著升高, 其中3、6 g·kg-1 SGE能显著升高大鼠的机械压痛阈(P < 0.05, P < 0.01, 图 1), 表明SGE能显著缓解CFA诱导的炎性疼痛。
为了确定SGE缓解炎性疼痛的作用是否通过COX-2和NF-κB信号通路介导, 采用Western blot检测SGE对COX-2和NF-κB蛋白表达的影响。结果显示, 与对照组相比, CFA可显著升高COX-2、NF-κB和p-NF-κB (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, P < 0.01) 的蛋白表达; 而6 g·kg-1 SGE能显著降低COX-2、NF-κB和p-NF-κB (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, P < 0.05) 的蛋白表达(图 2), 以上结果表明6 g·kg-1 SGE能显著抑制CFA致炎性疼痛大鼠COX-2、NF-κB和p-NF-κB蛋白的表达。
对照组大鼠足趾组织样本的代表性核磁谱图见图 3所示, 结合数据库对代谢产物进行指认, 共检测出26种代谢产物, 结果见表 1
为进一步明确各组间代谢物的差异, 采用有监督的PLS-DA方法对各组样本进行数据矩阵的代谢轮廓分析(图 4A), 结果显示对照组和CFA组明显分开, SGE低、中剂量组更接近于模型组, 而高剂量组和对照组均沿t[1]轴与模型组明显分开, 进一步说明高剂量组具有显著的回调作用, 与行为学结果一致。有监督的模式识别方法需要外部模型验证来证明模型的有效性。由图 4B可知, 2条回归线的斜率较大, 下方回归线与纵轴截距较小, 其中所有的R2Q2的值均低于原始值, 表明模型验证有效。
为进一步确定造模前后大鼠足趾样本中潜在差异代谢物, 将模型组和对照组进行有监督的OPLS-DA分析, 筛选出与疼痛相关的差异变量, 得到相应OPLS-DA图(图 4C) 和S-plot图(图 4D), 显示模型组与对照组显著分离, 表明造模后机体代谢轮廓发生显著变化。
将模型组和SGE高剂量组数据进行OPLS-DA分析, 得到相应OPLS-DA图(图 5A) 和S-plot图(图 5B), 显示模型组和SGE高剂量组显著分离, 表明SGE (6 g·kg-1) 对CFA致炎性疼痛大鼠的代谢轮廓具有显著的回调作用。
结合S-plot得分图和VIP值以及独立样本t检验, 共得到9个显著性改变的差异代谢物(图 6)。与对照组相比, 模型组大鼠足趾样本中谷氨酰胺、琥珀酸、磷酸胆碱显著升高, 异亮氨酸、缬氨酸、赖氨酸、肌醇、甘氨酸、黄嘌呤显著降低; 低剂量SGE能显著回调谷氨酰胺、甘氨酸、黄嘌呤等3种代谢物, 中剂量SGE能显著回调赖氨酸、谷氨酰胺、琥珀酸、肌醇、甘氨酸、黄嘌呤等6种代谢物, 高剂量SGE能显著回调缬氨酸、赖氨酸、谷氨酰胺、琥珀酸、磷酸胆碱、肌醇、甘氨酸、黄嘌呤等8种代谢物, 表明SGE对炎性疼痛大鼠潜在生物标志物具有干预作用, 且高剂量作用更明显。
将SGE显著回调的8个差异代谢物输入Metabo analyst数据库中进行代谢通路富集分析。如图 7所示, 共筛选得到7条SGE显著调节的代谢通路, 分别是甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢; 丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢; 乙醛酸和二羧酸代谢; 谷胱甘肽代谢; 嘌呤代谢; 初级胆汁酸生物合成; 甘油磷脂代谢。基于KEGG数据库, 对SGE调节的代谢通路、代谢物进行整合分析, 如图 8所示, 探讨差异代谢物之间的相关性。
慢性炎性疼痛是一种复杂的多因素疾病, 主要由伤害性刺激引起, 能显著降低疼痛阈值, 严重影响患者的生活质量[23]。本研究基于CFA致炎性疼痛大鼠模型, 探讨SGE缓解炎性疼痛的作用及机制。采用电子压痛仪对SGE改善机械压痛阈值的作用进行评价, 结果表明足底注射CFA后大鼠的机械压痛阈值显著降低, 而SGE能显著升高炎性疼痛大鼠的机械压痛阈值。已有研究表明SGE的主要成分如黄芩苷在骨癌痛模型、脊神经结扎疼痛模型中具有镇痛作用, 黄芩素也能缓解坐骨神经结扎疼痛[24-26], 这些结果为本研究提供了支撑。
已有研究证明, 炎症与NF-κB信号通路激活相关, 抑制CFA诱导的炎性组织中NF-κB的活化可抑制炎性因子的释放, 且CFA能促进p-NF-κB易位到细胞核, 诱导COX-2高表达[27, 28]。本研究表明SGE能抑制NF-κB、p-NF-κB和COX-2蛋白表达水平, 提示SGE可能通过抑制NF-κB信号通路缓解炎性疼痛。
采用1H NMR代谢组学技术研究SGE缓解炎性疼痛的药理机制。结果发现, 6 g·kg-1 SGE能显著回调缬氨酸、赖氨酸、谷氨酰胺、琥珀酸、磷酸胆碱、肌醇、甘氨酸、黄嘌呤等8种内源性代谢物。代谢通路富集分析发现, SGE改善炎性疼痛的作用与调节甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢, 丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢, 乙醛酸和二羧酸代谢, 谷胱甘肽代谢, 甘油磷脂代谢等代谢通路相关。
研究发现, 甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸能相互转化[29]。丝氨酸是合成甘氨酸的前体, 也是甘氨酸受体的内源性配体之一[30]。甘氨酸是一种非必需氨基酸, 主要通过降低神经元的兴奋性, 阻断疼痛信号传导发挥镇痛作用[31, 32]。还原型谷胱甘肽由谷氨酸、半胱氨酸和甘氨酸组成, 可以减轻氧化应激反应, 缓解疼痛[33-35]。相关研究表明, 甘氨酸能显著降低NF-κB的磷酸化, 减少NF-κB向细胞核的易位, 从而抑制促炎活性[36, 37]。代谢组学分析表明, CFA组中甘氨酸含量下降, 而SGE能起到回调作用, 推测SGE可能通过升高甘氨酸含量, 抑制NF-κB信号通路活化发挥镇痛作用。
谷氨酰胺在谷氨酰胺酶的作用下可转化为谷氨酸, 外周炎症可诱导外周组织中的感觉神经、神经胶质细胞和受损细胞释放谷氨酸[38, 39]。研究表明兴奋性氨基酸谷氨酸循环在慢性疼痛的发展中起关键作用, 在炎性组织中, 谷氨酸水平升高, 阻断谷氨酸再摄取成为慢性炎性疼痛治疗的新靶点[40, 41]。谷氨酸代谢受体的激活能诱导NF-κB信号通路的活化, 而NF-κB信号通路也可能通过介导代谢性谷氨酸受体的上调参与疼痛的调节[42, 43]。也有研究表明, COX-2能激活谷氨酸受体促进疼痛的产生。代谢组学结果表明, 加入CFA后可显著升高谷氨酰胺水平, 给予SGE后能显著下调谷氨酰胺水平, 推测SGE可能通过降低谷氨酰胺含量缓解炎性疼痛。
三羧酸循环、乙醛酸和二羧酸代谢通路产生柠檬酸和琥珀酸, 二羧酸转运蛋白能将琥珀酸转运到胞内参与能量合成与代谢[44, 45]。本研究发现使用CFA造模后可扰乱炎性疼痛大鼠的乙醛酸和二羧酸代谢, 使琥珀酸含量升高, 给予SGE后能显著回调, 推测SGE可能通过调节乙醛酸和二羧酸代谢紊乱起, 起到缓解炎性疼痛的作用。
甘油磷脂代谢中的生物活性脂质分子如不饱和脂肪酸和花生四烯酸, 在促炎信号转导中起重要作用。当甘油磷脂被激活时, 转化为多元不饱和脂肪酸, 产生氧化脂质诱发炎性疼痛[46, 47]。实验结果表明, CFA造模后可引起磷酸胆碱含量升高, 当给予SGE后, 大鼠体内磷酸胆碱的含量显著回调, 提示SGE可能通过调节甘油磷脂代谢发挥镇痛作用。
综上所述, 黄芩醇提物具有缓解炎性疼痛作用, 其发挥镇痛作用的机制可能与抑制NF-κB信号通路激活有关, 也可能与调控丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢, 以及甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢, 乙醛酸和二羧酸代谢, 谷胱甘肽代谢, 甘油磷脂等代谢通路有关。本研究为阐释黄芩醇提物缓解炎性疼痛的潜在机制提供新的依据, 然而上述结果仍需进行深入的实验验证。
作者贡献: 赵锦霞负责进行实验和数据分析, 完成文章撰写; 秦雪梅、赵靖和高丽负责实验思路的指导; 所有作者均对本文有所贡献。
利益冲突: 无利益冲突。
  • 地产中药功效物质研究与利用山西省重点实验室(202105D121009)
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1300
  • 接收时间:2022-11-29
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-07-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-29
  • 修回日期:2023-03-08
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地产中药功效物质研究与利用山西省重点实验室(202105D121009)
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    1.山西大学中医药现代研究中心, 山西 太原 030006
    2.化学生物学与分子工程教育部重点实验室, 山西 太原 030006
    3.地产中药功效物质研究与利用山西省重点实验室, 山西 太原 030006
    4.英国伦敦大学学院医学院Wolfson生物医学研究所, 伦敦

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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