Article(id=1198628668726673968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198628666650493481, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1293, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1669651200000, receivedDateStr=2022-11-29, revisedDate=1683302400000, revisedDateStr=2023-05-06, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763704944067, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1689091200000, pubDateStr=2023-07-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763704944067, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763704944067, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763704944067, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198628666650493481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='7', pageStart='0', pageEnd='1980', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763704943573, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766137716668, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208832456644490122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198628666650493481, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208832456644490123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198628666650493481, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1894, endPage=1903, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198628668978332213, articleId=1198628668726673968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Anti-osteoporosis mechanism of Panax quiquefolium L. based on zebrafish model and metabonomics, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, we investigated the anti-osteoporotic activity and mechanism of action of extract of Panax quiquefolium L. based on zebrafish model combined with metabolomics technology. A zebrafish model of prednisolone-induced osteoporosis was used to compare the anti-osteoporotic activity of Panax quiquefolium L., and the expression of osteoblast-associated genes and osteoclast-associated genes in zebrafish was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), using bone fluorescence area and fluorescence density as evaluation indexes. Metabolomics based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) was used to explore the change patterns of biomarkers and the metabolic pathways affected. The results showed that the 50% ethanol extracts of Panax quiquefolium L. from Jilin, Canada, Wenden and the United States can significantly improve the bone fluorescence area of zebrafish compared with model group. Furthermore, four sources 50% ethanol extracts of Panax quiquefolium L. except United States also can significantly improve the bone fluorescence density of zebrafish. In addition, PCR showed that extract of Panax quiquefolium L. can significantly up-regulated the expression of vitamin D receptor b (vdrb), collagen type I α2 (col1a2) and cysteine-rich acidic secreted protein (sparc) genes, and down-regulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (mmp9), anti-tartrase acid phosphatase (trap) and cathepsin K (ctsk) genes. Metabolomic analysis identified 24 key differential metabolites. Furthermore, pathway analysis showed that Panax quiquefolium L. could regulate the levels of 10 key biomarkers by participating in purine metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle and pentose phosphate metabolism and improve the osteoporosis status of zebrafish. This study preliminically revealed the anti-osteoporosis mechanism of 50% ethanol extract from Panax quiquefolium L. through multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway and also provides theoretical basis for clinical development and utilization of anti-osteoporosis products of Panax quiquefolium L. This experiment was approved by the Experimental Animal Welfare Ethics Committee of the Institute of Biology, Shandong Academy of Sciences (approval number: SWS20181002).

, correspAuthors=Shan-shan ZHANG, Xiao-bin LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yue-zi QIU, Chuan-sen WANG, Feng-hua XU, Xuan-ming ZHANG, Li-zhen WANG, Pei-hai LI, Ke-chun LIU, Peng-fei TU, Hou-wen LIN, Shan-shan ZHANG, Xiao-bin LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198628670379229829, articleId=1198628668726673968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于斑马鱼模型和代谢组学技术的西洋参抗骨质疏松作用机制研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究基于斑马鱼模型结合代谢组学技术探究西洋参提取物抗骨质疏松活性及其作用机制。采用泼尼松龙诱导的骨质疏松斑马鱼模型, 以骨骼荧光面积和荧光密度为评价指标, 开展西洋参的抗骨质疏松活性研究, 实时荧光定量PCR (quantitative real-time PCR, qRT-PCR) 检测西洋参对斑马鱼成骨细胞相关基因及破骨细胞相关基因表达的影响, 基于超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法(ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS) 的代谢组学技术探讨其生物标志物的变化规律和影响的代谢通路。结果表明, 与模型组相比, 中国吉林、加拿大、中国文登、美国产的西洋参50%乙醇提取物均可显著提高斑马鱼骨骼荧光面积, 除美国产西洋参外, 其余产地西洋参50%乙醇提取物均可显著提高斑马鱼骨骼荧光密度。PCR结果表明, 西洋参可显著上调vitamin D receptor b (vdrb)、collagen type I α2 (col1a2)、cysteine-rich acidic secreted protein (sparc), 下调matrix metalloproteinase 9 (mmp9)、anti-tartrase acid phosphatase (trap)、cathepsin K (ctsk) 基因的表达。代谢组学分析鉴定出24个关键差异代谢物, 通路分析表明西洋参可通过参与嘌呤代谢、三羧酸循环、磷酸戊糖代谢途径, 回调10个关键生物质量标志物含量, 从而改善斑马鱼骨质疏松状态。本研究初步揭示了西洋参50%醇提物通过多靶点、多通路发挥抗骨质疏松活性, 为西洋参抗骨质疏松产品的开发利用提供理论基础。本实验获得山东省科学院生物研究所实验动物福利伦理委员会批准(批准号: SWS20181002)。

, correspAuthors=张姗姗, 李晓彬, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*张姗姗, Tel: 18363056386, E-mail: ;
李晓彬, Tel: 15169006695, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=yxr5tqYYFPnePa/mDqCNCg==, magXml=3aLDyyt8bVyWNvcGAq9YCA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=hHEikxfdxdKLvHyy0595Sg==, pdfFileSize=4243613, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=/8nL3pzYItpjeatoWpZ9CQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=HKJeH8EglzK3C8UkxKHpAw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=邱钺姿, 王传森, 徐凤华, 张轩铭, 王利振, 李培海, 刘可春, 屠鹏飞, 林厚文, 张姗姗, 李晓彬)}, authors=[Author(id=1198960096232436045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198960096391819617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, authorId=1198960096232436045, language=EN, stringName=Yue-zi QIU, firstName=Yue-zi, middleName=null, lastName=QIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
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J Cell Biochem, 2014, 115: 17-26., articleTitle=Role of SPARC in bone remodeling and cancer-related bone metastasis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960112183374511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, doi=10.2147/OPTH.S126459, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=11, issue=null, pageStart=549, pageEnd=555, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=Clin Ophthalmol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Al-Dabbagh N, Al-Shahrani H, Al-Dohayan N, et al. The SPARC-related modular calcium binding protein 2 (SMOC2) gene polymorphism in primary glaucoma: a case-control study[J]. Clin Ophthalmol, 2017, 11: 549-555., articleTitle=The SPARC-related modular calcium binding protein 2 (SMOC2) gene polymorphism in primary glaucoma: a case-control study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960112338563771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=35, issue=null, pageStart=426, pageEnd=431, url=https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NJYK202307002.htm, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=J Nanjing Univ Tradit Chin Med (南京中医药大学学报), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lin ZW, Yang F, Huang TY, et al. Study on the anti-osteoporosis effect of paeoniflorin on osteoblast apoptosis and zebrafish osteoporosis model[J]. 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Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960096098218302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, companyId=1198960095859142969, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5.上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院, 上海 200127)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1198960103203368993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=cNtEyIruhIWKJoS+I1lXcg==, figureFileBig=WV+rkwpas6nw2MVdpht58w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960103350169645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Effect of extracts of <i>Panax quiquefolium</i> L. from different origins on the skeletal developmental status of zebrafish. <i>n</i> = 10. Ctl: Blank group; PD: 4 μg·mL<sup>-1</sup> prednisolone group; ED: 25 μg·mL<sup>-1</sup> etidronate disodium group; CWD: <i>Panax quiquefolium</i> L. extract in Wendeng, China; US: American <i>Panax quiquefolium</i> L. extract; CAN: Canada <i>Panax quiquefolium</i> L. extract; CJL: <i>Panax quiquefolium</i> L. extract in Jilin, China , figureFileSmall=cNtEyIruhIWKJoS+I1lXcg==, figureFileBig=WV+rkwpas6nw2MVdpht58w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960103543107639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=HxJX52yeVL6Y6WXmx2p8Ig==, figureFileBig=TWYclyppjTh6xUZ7zW9nbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960103702491202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Statistical results of the effect of different origins of <i>Panax quiquefolium</i> L. extract on the fluorescence area and skeletal IOD (integrated optical density) of zebrafish skeleton. A: The fluorescence area of the bones; B: The skeletal IOD of the bones. <i>n</i> = 10, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$\bar{x}$</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> Ctl; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001, <sup>****</sup><i>P</i> < 0.000 1 <i>vs</i> PD , figureFileSmall=HxJX52yeVL6Y6WXmx2p8Ig==, figureFileBig=TWYclyppjTh6xUZ7zW9nbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960103895429201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=qhpASN/E/RB1iyLXfAokdw==, figureFileBig=8LBsijaLFYsXJQuX+VM9Pw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960104071589979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Effects of <i>Panax quiquefolium</i> L. extract on the regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast related genes in zebrafish treated with PD. <i>n</i> = 30, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$\bar{x}$</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>####</sup><i>P</i> < 0.000 1 <i>vs</i> Ctl; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001, <sup>****</sup><i>P</i> < 0.000 1 <i>vs</i> PD , figureFileSmall=qhpASN/E/RB1iyLXfAokdw==, figureFileBig=8LBsijaLFYsXJQuX+VM9Pw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960104243556452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=EcVI1Cuk5kqxCtfUHHD35Q==, figureFileBig=dZXlwerIYZmQ5gigchGjGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960104436494446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= PCA score plot (A), PLS-DA score plot (B), PLS-DA model verification plot (C) and S-plot based on OPLS-DA model (D) of metabolites of zebrafish in Ctl, PD, CJL, CAN, US and CWD group in positive mode; PCA score plot (E), PLS-DA score plot (F), PLS-DA model verification plot (G) and S-plot based on OPLS-DA (H) model of metabolites of zebrafish in Ctl, PD, CJL, CAN, US and CWD group in negative mode , figureFileSmall=EcVI1Cuk5kqxCtfUHHD35Q==, figureFileBig=dZXlwerIYZmQ5gigchGjGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960104633626746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=REALtT2Qs7AbuxzU4H66Fw==, figureFileBig=GetgDTXSAE5Kh3jPY55KtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960104780427398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Relative percentage contents of 50 differential metabolites in Ctl, PD, CJL, CAN, US and CWD. <sup>☆</sup>Indicates the short name for compound. Carbonitrile is 4-amino-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-(methylthio)-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile. Acetamide is <i>N</i>-1-[4-hydroxy-6-(methoxymethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]-acetamide. Pentanoic acid is 3-methyl-5-oxo-5-(4-toluidino)-pentanoic acid. Isophthalonitrile is 2-(4-aminophenoxy)-isophthalonitrile. <sup>####</sup><i>P</i> < 0.000 1 <i>vs</i> Ctl; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001, <sup>****</sup><i>P</i> < 0.000 1 <i>vs</i> PD , figureFileSmall=REALtT2Qs7AbuxzU4H66Fw==, figureFileBig=GetgDTXSAE5Kh3jPY55KtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960104927228050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=SaK8WzOCJctszSRGGr3cJQ==, figureFileBig=j1Py4/4WWLy/oC0R+887+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960105078223001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= Metabolic pathway analysis of the key biomarkers , figureFileSmall=SaK8WzOCJctszSRGGr3cJQ==, figureFileBig=j1Py4/4WWLy/oC0R+887+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960105229217956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primer Forward primer (5'-3') Reverse primer (5'-3')
β-actin AGAGCTATGAGCTGCCTGACG CCGCAAGATTCCATACCCA
ctsk CGTCACTTCGGTGAAGAACC ACAGTCCACCAGGTTCTGAG
trap GGCCAAGTCCAAAGCTGATT CGGATATGGACCACACTGGA
vdrb TTTCACGCTTCAGACCTCCAG AAGCCCTGCTCCTGGTACAT
colla2 CAAGGAGTCTGCATGTCGGT TCCCTTAGGACCCCTCTCAC
mmp9 CAGAGAGGAAAAGGCAAGGTG AGGAATACATCATGTGAATCAATG
sparc AAGCCATTGAGGTCGTGGAG TGTTAGTGCCGCAGACATGC
), ArticleFig(id=1198960105417961648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primers sequence. vdrb: Vitamin D receptor b; col1a2: Collagen type I α2; sparc: Cysteine-rich acidic secreted protein; mmp9: Matrix metalloproteinase 9; trap: Anti-tartrase acid phosphatase; ctsk: Cathepsin K

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primer Forward primer (5'-3') Reverse primer (5'-3')
β-actin AGAGCTATGAGCTGCCTGACG CCGCAAGATTCCATACCCA
ctsk CGTCACTTCGGTGAAGAACC ACAGTCCACCAGGTTCTGAG
trap GGCCAAGTCCAAAGCTGATT CGGATATGGACCACACTGGA
vdrb TTTCACGCTTCAGACCTCCAG AAGCCCTGCTCCTGGTACAT
colla2 CAAGGAGTCTGCATGTCGGT TCCCTTAGGACCCCTCTCAC
mmp9 CAGAGAGGAAAAGGCAAGGTG AGGAATACATCATGTGAATCAATG
sparc AAGCCATTGAGGTCGTGGAG TGTTAGTGCCGCAGACATGC
), ArticleFig(id=1198960105577345209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Metabolite Relative percentage contents /% Trend
Ctl PD CJL CAN US CWD PD vs Ctl CJL vs PD CAN vs PD US vs PD CWD vs PD
(±) 11-HETE 1.797 9 1.496 7 1.874 1 1.424 4 1.587 8 1.611 3
N-Acetylaspartic acid 2.301 7 3.257 8 1.883 9 2.708 0 2.645 0 2.576 3
α-D-Mannose 1-phosphate 2.420 7 1.062 2 1.166 6 1.944 9 2.541 8 1.772 0
Oleic acid 1.618 9 1.072 3 1.547 5 1.463 1 1.313 4 1.714 6
N-Acetyl-D-glutamic acid 0.924 2 1.212 0 0.964 6 0.751 9 0.718 1 1.074 4
Histidine 0.624 6 1.714 7 0.741 2 0.580 1 0.737 4 0.610 6
D-Ribulose 5-phosphate 0.387 1 1.491 9 0.480 1 0.427 8 0.405 5 0.543 0
LysoPE 18:0 0.846 4 0.576 4 0.724 2 0.908 4 0.705 5 0.933 2
Gluconic acid 0.223 1 0.773 5 0.143 5 0.453 3 0.198 6 0.326 0
4-Amino-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-(methylthio)pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile 0.281 0 0.630 4 0.120 1 0.215 5 0.292 2 0.096 6
Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid 0.353 5 0.523 3 0.363 8 0.395 3 0.408 6 0.409 3
LPC 20:5 0.198 6 0.298 6 0.231 3 0.174 7 0.145 0 0.335 7
LPE 20:5 0.168 1 0.213 7 0.176 0 0.139 2 0.096 9 0.293 1
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate 0.106 3 0.206 4 0.197 5 0.127 2 0.104 0 0.209 5
D-Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate 0.057 2 0.293 2 0.150 7 0.133 8 0.139 9 0.083 8
Phosphoenolpyruvic acid 0.094 3 0.179 0 0.098 3 0.100 9 0.129 8 0.088 5
Thymidine 5'-monophosphate 0.071 2 0.122 8 0.082 9 0.059 4 0.079 7 0.053 8
Citric acid 0.016 5 0.119 1 0.014 0 0.040 3 0.050 3 0.025 0
Ethylmalonic acid 0.038 4 0.111 0 0.025 5 0.042 6 0.028 9 0.037 4
Guanosine 0.146 6 0.294 4 0.114 1 0.107 1 0.127 6 0.154 0
Glycerol 3-phosphate 0.266 6 0.598 7 1.043 4 0.690 4 0.788 9 0.858 4
Nicotinamide 0.181 5 0.294 9 0.213 6 0.253 0 0.211 7 0.246 1
Guanine 0.039 8 0.103 0 0.027 0 0.031 5 0.029 4 0.031 8
N-1-[4-Hydroxy-6-(methoxymethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]acetamide 0.009 7 0.051 4 0.005 1 0.008 4 0.007 1 0.004 1
Creatine 4.074 2 7.121 5 5.317 1 5.833 3 6.302 2 6.205 1
Hypoxanthine 1.752 1 2.429 6 1.729 3 1.759 7 1.226 2 1.944 6
Uric acid 0.110 3 0.172 3 0.112 4 0.116 1 0.101 4 0.132 5
Inosine 0.087 6 0.128 8 0.099 3 0.085 3 0.074 7 0.101 2
DL-Norvaline 1.295 2 1.785 9 1.381 5 1.482 7 1.556 6 1.577 4
2-Hydroxyphenylalanine 1.432 5 0.648 2 0.822 5 0.723 5 0.862 7 0.532 1
3-Methyl-5-oxo-5-(4-toluidino)pentanoic acid 0.794 8 0.423 7 0.379 9 0.556 7 0.876 3 0.280 0
2-(4-Aminophenoxy)isophthalo-nitrile 0.271 3 0.366 9 0.302 7 0.283 9 0.257 7 0.416 3
2-Hydroxycinnamic acid 1.541 4 0.386 7 0.913 6 0.344 1 0.984 8 0.602 9
), ArticleFig(id=1198960105728340165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

Relative percentage contents of differential metabolites. ↓ and ↑ indicate relative decrease or increase of percentage contents

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Metabolite Relative percentage contents /% Trend
Ctl PD CJL CAN US CWD PD vs Ctl CJL vs PD CAN vs PD US vs PD CWD vs PD
(±) 11-HETE 1.797 9 1.496 7 1.874 1 1.424 4 1.587 8 1.611 3
N-Acetylaspartic acid 2.301 7 3.257 8 1.883 9 2.708 0 2.645 0 2.576 3
α-D-Mannose 1-phosphate 2.420 7 1.062 2 1.166 6 1.944 9 2.541 8 1.772 0
Oleic acid 1.618 9 1.072 3 1.547 5 1.463 1 1.313 4 1.714 6
N-Acetyl-D-glutamic acid 0.924 2 1.212 0 0.964 6 0.751 9 0.718 1 1.074 4
Histidine 0.624 6 1.714 7 0.741 2 0.580 1 0.737 4 0.610 6
D-Ribulose 5-phosphate 0.387 1 1.491 9 0.480 1 0.427 8 0.405 5 0.543 0
LysoPE 18:0 0.846 4 0.576 4 0.724 2 0.908 4 0.705 5 0.933 2
Gluconic acid 0.223 1 0.773 5 0.143 5 0.453 3 0.198 6 0.326 0
4-Amino-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-(methylthio)pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile 0.281 0 0.630 4 0.120 1 0.215 5 0.292 2 0.096 6
Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid 0.353 5 0.523 3 0.363 8 0.395 3 0.408 6 0.409 3
LPC 20:5 0.198 6 0.298 6 0.231 3 0.174 7 0.145 0 0.335 7
LPE 20:5 0.168 1 0.213 7 0.176 0 0.139 2 0.096 9 0.293 1
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate 0.106 3 0.206 4 0.197 5 0.127 2 0.104 0 0.209 5
D-Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate 0.057 2 0.293 2 0.150 7 0.133 8 0.139 9 0.083 8
Phosphoenolpyruvic acid 0.094 3 0.179 0 0.098 3 0.100 9 0.129 8 0.088 5
Thymidine 5'-monophosphate 0.071 2 0.122 8 0.082 9 0.059 4 0.079 7 0.053 8
Citric acid 0.016 5 0.119 1 0.014 0 0.040 3 0.050 3 0.025 0
Ethylmalonic acid 0.038 4 0.111 0 0.025 5 0.042 6 0.028 9 0.037 4
Guanosine 0.146 6 0.294 4 0.114 1 0.107 1 0.127 6 0.154 0
Glycerol 3-phosphate 0.266 6 0.598 7 1.043 4 0.690 4 0.788 9 0.858 4
Nicotinamide 0.181 5 0.294 9 0.213 6 0.253 0 0.211 7 0.246 1
Guanine 0.039 8 0.103 0 0.027 0 0.031 5 0.029 4 0.031 8
N-1-[4-Hydroxy-6-(methoxymethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]acetamide 0.009 7 0.051 4 0.005 1 0.008 4 0.007 1 0.004 1
Creatine 4.074 2 7.121 5 5.317 1 5.833 3 6.302 2 6.205 1
Hypoxanthine 1.752 1 2.429 6 1.729 3 1.759 7 1.226 2 1.944 6
Uric acid 0.110 3 0.172 3 0.112 4 0.116 1 0.101 4 0.132 5
Inosine 0.087 6 0.128 8 0.099 3 0.085 3 0.074 7 0.101 2
DL-Norvaline 1.295 2 1.785 9 1.381 5 1.482 7 1.556 6 1.577 4
2-Hydroxyphenylalanine 1.432 5 0.648 2 0.822 5 0.723 5 0.862 7 0.532 1
3-Methyl-5-oxo-5-(4-toluidino)pentanoic acid 0.794 8 0.423 7 0.379 9 0.556 7 0.876 3 0.280 0
2-(4-Aminophenoxy)isophthalo-nitrile 0.271 3 0.366 9 0.302 7 0.283 9 0.257 7 0.416 3
2-Hydroxycinnamic acid 1.541 4 0.386 7 0.913 6 0.344 1 0.984 8 0.602 9
), ArticleFig(id=1198960105904500944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Metabolite Adduct m/z tR / min HMDB KEGG pathway
Gluconic acid [M-H]- 195.050 34 1.332 HMDB0000625 Pentose phosphate pathway
D-Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate [M-H]- 289.032 81 1.428 HMDB0001068 Pentose phosphate pathway
D-Ribulose 5-phosphate [M-H]- 230.018 57 1.464 HMDB0000618 Pentose phosphate pathway
Uric acid [M+H]+ 169.035 69 1.697 HMDB0000289 Purine metabolism
Citric acid [M-H]- 191.019 09 2.089 HMDB0000094 Citrate cycle
Guanine [M+H]+ 152.056 78 2.851 HMDB0000132 Purine metabolism
Hypoxanthine [M+H]+ 137.045 85 2.853 HMDB0000157 Purine metabolism
Inosine [M+H]+ 269.088 01 2.897 HMDB0000195 Purine metabolism
Guanosine [M-H]- 282.084 08 2.927 HMDB0000133 Purine metabolism
Phosphoenolpyruvic acid [M-H]- 166.974 24 2.947 HMDB0000263 Citrate cycle
), ArticleFig(id=1198960106122604763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=CN, label=Table 3, caption=

Identification results of key biomarkers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Metabolite Adduct m/z tR / min HMDB KEGG pathway
Gluconic acid [M-H]- 195.050 34 1.332 HMDB0000625 Pentose phosphate pathway
D-Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate [M-H]- 289.032 81 1.428 HMDB0001068 Pentose phosphate pathway
D-Ribulose 5-phosphate [M-H]- 230.018 57 1.464 HMDB0000618 Pentose phosphate pathway
Uric acid [M+H]+ 169.035 69 1.697 HMDB0000289 Purine metabolism
Citric acid [M-H]- 191.019 09 2.089 HMDB0000094 Citrate cycle
Guanine [M+H]+ 152.056 78 2.851 HMDB0000132 Purine metabolism
Hypoxanthine [M+H]+ 137.045 85 2.853 HMDB0000157 Purine metabolism
Inosine [M+H]+ 269.088 01 2.897 HMDB0000195 Purine metabolism
Guanosine [M-H]- 282.084 08 2.927 HMDB0000133 Purine metabolism
Phosphoenolpyruvic acid [M-H]- 166.974 24 2.947 HMDB0000263 Citrate cycle
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基于斑马鱼模型和代谢组学技术的西洋参抗骨质疏松作用机制研究
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邱钺姿 1, 2 , 王传森 1, 2 , 徐凤华 3 , 张轩铭 1, 2 , 王利振 1, 2 , 李培海 1, 2 , 刘可春 1, 2 , 屠鹏飞 4 , 林厚文 5 , 张姗姗 1, 2, * , 李晓彬 1, 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2023,58(7): 1894-1903
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2023, 58(7): 1894-1903
基于斑马鱼模型和代谢组学技术的西洋参抗骨质疏松作用机制研究
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邱钺姿1, 2, 王传森1, 2, 徐凤华3, 张轩铭1, 2, 王利振1, 2, 李培海1, 2, 刘可春1, 2, 屠鹏飞4, 林厚文5, 张姗姗1, 2, * , 李晓彬1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.齐鲁工业大学 (山东省科学院), 山东省科学院生物研究所, 山东 济南 250103
  • 2.山东省人类疾病斑马鱼模型与药物筛选工程技术研究中心, 山东 济南 250103
  • 3.青岛大学基础医学院, 山东 青岛 266000
  • 4.北京大学药学院, 北京 100191
  • 5.上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院, 上海 200127

通讯作者:

*张姗姗, Tel: 18363056386, E-mail: ;
李晓彬, Tel: 15169006695, E-mail:
Anti-osteoporosis mechanism of Panax quiquefolium L. based on zebrafish model and metabonomics
Yue-zi QIU1, 2, Chuan-sen WANG1, 2, Feng-hua XU3, Xuan-ming ZHANG1, 2, Li-zhen WANG1, 2, Pei-hai LI1, 2, Ke-chun LIU1, 2, Peng-fei TU4, Hou-wen LIN5, Shan-shan ZHANG1, 2, * , Xiao-bin LI1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
  • 2. Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan 250103, China
  • 3. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
  • 4. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
  • 5. Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
出版时间: 2023-07-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1293
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本研究基于斑马鱼模型结合代谢组学技术探究西洋参提取物抗骨质疏松活性及其作用机制。采用泼尼松龙诱导的骨质疏松斑马鱼模型, 以骨骼荧光面积和荧光密度为评价指标, 开展西洋参的抗骨质疏松活性研究, 实时荧光定量PCR (quantitative real-time PCR, qRT-PCR) 检测西洋参对斑马鱼成骨细胞相关基因及破骨细胞相关基因表达的影响, 基于超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法(ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS) 的代谢组学技术探讨其生物标志物的变化规律和影响的代谢通路。结果表明, 与模型组相比, 中国吉林、加拿大、中国文登、美国产的西洋参50%乙醇提取物均可显著提高斑马鱼骨骼荧光面积, 除美国产西洋参外, 其余产地西洋参50%乙醇提取物均可显著提高斑马鱼骨骼荧光密度。PCR结果表明, 西洋参可显著上调vitamin D receptor b (vdrb)、collagen type I α2 (col1a2)、cysteine-rich acidic secreted protein (sparc), 下调matrix metalloproteinase 9 (mmp9)、anti-tartrase acid phosphatase (trap)、cathepsin K (ctsk) 基因的表达。代谢组学分析鉴定出24个关键差异代谢物, 通路分析表明西洋参可通过参与嘌呤代谢、三羧酸循环、磷酸戊糖代谢途径, 回调10个关键生物质量标志物含量, 从而改善斑马鱼骨质疏松状态。本研究初步揭示了西洋参50%醇提物通过多靶点、多通路发挥抗骨质疏松活性, 为西洋参抗骨质疏松产品的开发利用提供理论基础。本实验获得山东省科学院生物研究所实验动物福利伦理委员会批准(批准号: SWS20181002)。

西洋参  /  代谢组学  /  斑马鱼  /  骨质疏松  /  作用机制

In this study, we investigated the anti-osteoporotic activity and mechanism of action of extract of Panax quiquefolium L. based on zebrafish model combined with metabolomics technology. A zebrafish model of prednisolone-induced osteoporosis was used to compare the anti-osteoporotic activity of Panax quiquefolium L., and the expression of osteoblast-associated genes and osteoclast-associated genes in zebrafish was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), using bone fluorescence area and fluorescence density as evaluation indexes. Metabolomics based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) was used to explore the change patterns of biomarkers and the metabolic pathways affected. The results showed that the 50% ethanol extracts of Panax quiquefolium L. from Jilin, Canada, Wenden and the United States can significantly improve the bone fluorescence area of zebrafish compared with model group. Furthermore, four sources 50% ethanol extracts of Panax quiquefolium L. except United States also can significantly improve the bone fluorescence density of zebrafish. In addition, PCR showed that extract of Panax quiquefolium L. can significantly up-regulated the expression of vitamin D receptor b (vdrb), collagen type I α2 (col1a2) and cysteine-rich acidic secreted protein (sparc) genes, and down-regulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (mmp9), anti-tartrase acid phosphatase (trap) and cathepsin K (ctsk) genes. Metabolomic analysis identified 24 key differential metabolites. Furthermore, pathway analysis showed that Panax quiquefolium L. could regulate the levels of 10 key biomarkers by participating in purine metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle and pentose phosphate metabolism and improve the osteoporosis status of zebrafish. This study preliminically revealed the anti-osteoporosis mechanism of 50% ethanol extract from Panax quiquefolium L. through multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway and also provides theoretical basis for clinical development and utilization of anti-osteoporosis products of Panax quiquefolium L. This experiment was approved by the Experimental Animal Welfare Ethics Committee of the Institute of Biology, Shandong Academy of Sciences (approval number: SWS20181002).

Panax quiquefolium L.  /  metabonomics  /  zebrafish  /  osteoporosis  /  mechanism of action
邱钺姿, 王传森, 徐凤华, 张轩铭, 王利振, 李培海, 刘可春, 屠鹏飞, 林厚文, 张姗姗, 李晓彬. 基于斑马鱼模型和代谢组学技术的西洋参抗骨质疏松作用机制研究. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (7) : 1894 -1903 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1293
Yue-zi QIU, Chuan-sen WANG, Feng-hua XU, Xuan-ming ZHANG, Li-zhen WANG, Pei-hai LI, Ke-chun LIU, Peng-fei TU, Hou-wen LIN, Shan-shan ZHANG, Xiao-bin LI. Anti-osteoporosis mechanism of Panax quiquefolium L. based on zebrafish model and metabonomics[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (7) : 1894 -1903 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1293
骨质疏松症(osteoporosis, OP) 是一种常见的骨骼疾病, 其特征是骨量减少、骨组织微结构损坏, 导致骨脆性增加、易发生骨折[1]。根据国家卫生健康委员会发布的中国骨质疏松症流行病学调查结果显示, 截至2018年, 我国50岁以上人群骨质疏松症患病率为19.2%, 中老年女性骨质疏松问题尤甚, 50岁以上女性患病率达32.1%, 骨质疏松症已经成为我国中老年人群的重要健康问题[2]
西洋参(Panax quiquefolium L.) 是五加科、人参属多年生草本植物, 原产于美国、加拿大[3], 上世纪80年代成功引入我国东北、华北、西北等地, 目前在吉林长白山、山东威海、陕西汉中等地均有大量栽培[4], 然而不同产地西洋参在化学成分和生理活性上存在一定差异[5]。西洋参以根入药, 主入心、肺、肾经, 具有强壮滋补、滋阴润肺、养胃生津等功效[6, 7]。西洋参化学成分类型丰富, 包含皂苷类、多糖类、聚乙炔类、黄酮类等, 其中皂苷类成分为其主要的活性成分之一, 具有神经保护、心血管保护、代谢调节、免疫调节、抗肿瘤、抗氧化等多种生物活性[8]。此外, 尚有研究报道, 西洋参临床上可用于骨质疏松治疗[6, 9], 西洋参粉末可有效阻抑和改善雌性去势豚鼠骨质疏松症状[10]。但其抗骨质疏疏松的活性部位以及治疗骨质疏松症的作用机制尚不明确, 亟待进一步探究。
硬骨动物和哺乳动物在骨骼元素、骨化机制和骨基质成分方面有许多共同的遗传特征。斑马鱼作为一种硬骨鱼, 其骨骼发育与哺乳动物骨骼发育过程极其相似, 具有骨形成和骨吸收活动的完整体系[11], 骨骼发育过程中的基因、信号通路与人类高度同源[12], 且与其他的动物模型相比, 斑马鱼具有个体小、适合高通量筛选、幼鱼身体透明易于观察骨骼发育的特点[13]。近年来, 斑马鱼骨质疏松模型已广泛应用于药物活性筛选中[14-16], 在基础和临床前研究中, 斑马鱼已成为研究骨骼发育和相关疾病的重要模式生物。
代谢组学是通过现代检测手段对生物样本中的代谢产物进行定性和定量分析, 从而进一步分析生物体受到刺激后内源性代谢物的变化规律和影响的代谢通路, 以寻找代谢物与生理病理变化之间的相对关系[17, 18]。本研究运用代谢组学技术, 结合骨质疏松斑马鱼模型, 以中国文登、美国、加拿大和中国吉林产的西洋参50%乙醇提取物为研究对象, 开展其抗骨质疏松活性研究, 探究西洋参抗骨质疏松症作用机制, 结合生物信息学方法阐明内源性代谢物的变化规律, 寻找潜在生物标志物及代谢通路, 为西洋参用于骨质疏松症的防治提供参考与依据。
实验动物  骨骼绿色荧光标记的转基因斑马鱼Tg (-2.2col10a1a: GFP) 由山东省科学院生物研究所斑马鱼药物筛选平台提供。斑马鱼成鱼在黑暗10 h/照明14 h, (28 ± 0.5)℃条件下饲养, 每天定时定量喂食丰年虾。选用健康斑马鱼雌雄比例2∶2于产卵缸中配对产卵, 收取受精卵, 对受精卵进行消毒和洗涤后移入斑马鱼胚胎培养用水(含5.0 mmol·L-1 NaCl, 0.17 mmol·L-1 KCl, 0.4 mmol·L-1 CaCl2, 0.16 mmol·L-1 MgSO4) 中, 28 ℃下控光培养, 发育至受精后1 dpf时, 用于本实验。本实验获得山东省科学院生物研究所实验动物福利伦理委员会批准(批准号: SWS20181002)。
药材与试剂  中国文登、中国吉林、美国和加拿大产四年生西洋参样品由威海市文登区道地参业发展有限公司提供, 经山东省科学院生物研究所刘可春研究员鉴定均为五加科人参属植物西洋参Panax quiquefolium L.的干燥根。泼尼松龙(纯度 > 97%, 批号: N15J11Q115595) 和依替膦酸二钠(纯度 > 98%, 批号: K22A8M34493) 购自上海源叶生物科技有限公司; 链霉蛋白酶E购自索莱宝生物科技有限公司, 酶活7 000 U·g-1 (批号: 306Z011); 分析纯二甲亚砜购自济南扬班生物科技有限公司(批号: GA08BA0014); 维生素D受体转录因子(vitamin D receptor b, vdrb)、α1-II型胶原基因(collagen type I α2, col1a2)、富含半胱氨酸的酸性分泌蛋白质因子(cysteine-rich acidic secreted protein, sparc)、基质金属蛋白酶9 (matrix metalloproteinase 9, mmp9)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(anti-tartrase acid phosphatase, trap)、组织蛋白酶K (cathepsin K, ctsk)、β-actin引物由上海捷瑞生物工程有限公司合成。
仪器与设备  DP2-BSW图像采集系统(日本Olympus公司); AXIO ZOOM.V16体视荧光显微镜(德国Carl Zeiss公司); Forma 3111型水套式CO2培养箱(美国Forma公司); 斑马鱼养殖饲养设备(北京爱生科技公司); Q ExactiveTM HF-X质谱仪和Vanquish UHPLC色谱仪(德国Thermo Fisher公司)。
样品的制备  基于西洋参中皂苷类成分为其主要的活性成分, 以及前期研究基础[19], 选取50%乙醇提取法, 制备西洋参提取物样品。具体方法为, 精密称取不同产地西洋参粉末适量(过药典3号筛) 于具塞锥形瓶中, 加入十倍量的50%乙醇水溶液, 密封, 室温超声辅助提取2次, 每次2 h, 过滤, 合并滤液, 减压浓缩至无醇味, 浸膏冻干成粉末, 4 ℃保存, 备用。
斑马鱼分组与处理  选用健康骨骼绿色荧光标记的转基因斑马鱼Tg (-2.2col10a1a: GFP) 作为实验对象, 在胚胎发育至1 dpf时, 使用1.0 mg·mL-1链霉蛋白酶E溶液脱去卵膜, 在体视显微镜下挑选正常的斑马鱼幼鱼, 移入24孔培养板中, 设置空白对照组(control, Ctl)、泼尼松龙模型组(prednisolone, PD)、依替膦酸二钠阳性对照组(etidronate disodium, ED) 和低、中、高三浓度的西洋参药物处理组, 每组10条斑马鱼, 每孔终体积2.0 mL。Ctl组只加入胚胎培养用水处理。PD组加入泼尼松龙, 孔中造模药浓度为4 μg·mL-1。ED组加入与PD组相同浓度泼尼松龙的同时, 再加入依替膦酸二钠, 使孔中依替膦酸二钠浓度为25 μg·mL-1。西洋参药物处理组加入与PD组相同浓度泼尼松龙的同时, 再加入梯度浓度的西洋参提取物溶液, 低、中、高浓度组药物浓度分别为2.5、5和10 μg·mL-1。每组设置3个复孔, 加盖, 置于光照培养箱(28 ℃) 让幼鱼继续发育至5 dpf。
抗骨质疏松活性研究  将各实验组斑马鱼置于麻醉剂中麻醉, 显微镜下观察斑马鱼荧光细胞情况并拍照, 利用Image-Pro Plus软件计算斑马鱼头部骨骼荧光面积及荧光密度。
抗骨质疏松机制研究  从Ctl组、PD组和中国吉林产地西洋参提取物低、中、高三浓度药物处理组各收集5 dpf斑马鱼30条, -80 ℃冷冻备用。按照FastPure cell//Tissue Total RNA Isolation kit V2试剂盒(Vazyme) 说明书提取各组斑马鱼总RNA, 使用HiScript//Q RT Supermix试剂盒(Vazyme) 将总的RNA反转录为cDNA, 使用ChamQ Universal SYBR Qpcr master mix (Vazyme) 进行实时荧光定量PCR (quantitative real-time PCR, qRT-PCR)。扩增条件为: 95 ℃预变性10 min, 60 ℃退火30 s, 72 ℃延伸15 s, 40个循环。检测各个基因的表达, 以β-actin为内参基因。引物合成序列如表 1所示。
代谢组学分析
样品的收集与处理   将健康的发育1 dpf脱去卵膜的斑马鱼幼鱼移入6孔培养板中, 每孔40条, 按照“斑马鱼分组与处理”部分所述的方法, 设置Ctl组、PD组、中国吉林产西洋参药物处理组(CJL)、加拿大产西洋参药物处理组(CAN)、美国产西洋参药物处理组(US) 以及中国文登产西洋参药物处理组(CWD), 每组设置3个复孔, 幼鱼发育至5 dpf时收集各孔幼鱼于EP管中液氮研磨, 加入500 μL的80%甲醇水涡旋振荡1 min, 冰浴静置5 min, 4 ℃、15 000 g离心20 min, 取上清液加入质谱级超纯水稀释至甲醇含量为53%, 按上述条件2次离心, 取上清液进行超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法(UPLC-MS) 分析。
色谱条件   Thermo Fisher Hypesil Gold column色谱柱(100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.9 μm), 正离子模式: 流动相A (0.1%甲酸) 和流动相B (甲醇), 流速0.2 mL·min-1, 柱温40 ℃, 梯度洗脱: 0~1.5 min, 2% B; 1.5~3 min, 2%~85% B; 3~10 min, 85%~100% B; 10~10.1 min, 100%~2% B; 10.1~12 min, 2% B。
质谱条件   扫描范围选择m/z 100~1 500; ESI源的设置如下: 喷雾电压: 3.5 kV; 鞘气流速: 35 psi (1 psi ≈ 6.9 kPa); 辅助气流速: 10 L·min-1; 离子传输管温度: 320 ℃; 离子导入环投射频率振幅: 60%; 辅助气加热器温度: 350 ℃; 极性模式: 正离子模式(positive) 和负离子模式(negative); MS/MS二级扫描为数据依赖性扫描。
统计学分析  利用GaphPad Prism 7.0软件对抗骨质疏松活性及机制结果进行统计, 统计数据用相对$\bar{x}$ ± s表示, 统计学差异通过单因素方差分析, P < 0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。代谢组学数据采用Student's t检验进行两组间数据比较, 采用单因素方差分析进行多组间数据比较, P < 0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。
糖皮质激素性骨质疏松, 是临床上长期使用糖皮质激素导致的最常见的不良反应之一, 其位居骨质疏松症发病率第三位[20]。泼尼松龙是一种临床上广泛使用糖皮质激素性抗炎药物, 长期大剂量使用易导致骨质疏松[21]。本实验基于斑马鱼整体动物, 采用泼尼松龙诱导骨质疏松斑马鱼模型, 以斑马鱼头部荧光面积及荧光密度为评价指标, 对不同产地西洋参提取物抗骨质疏松活性进行比较。各实验组对骨质疏松斑马鱼颅骨发育情况的结果见图 1, 斑马鱼颅骨荧光面积统计结果见图 2A, 荧光密度统计结果见图 2B。由实验结果可知, PD组与Ctl组相比, 骨骼荧光面积及荧光密度明显减少(P < 0.01), 表明由泼尼松龙诱导的骨质疏松模型成功; 与PD组相比, ED组能明显提高斑马鱼骨骼荧光面积(P < 0.05), 表明模型结果可信。
在实验浓度范围内, 4个产地西洋参50%醇提取物均能在一定程度上改善由泼尼松龙导致的斑马鱼骨骼荧光面积及荧光密度的减少。其中中国吉林产西洋参提取物在2.5~10 μg·mL-1浓度内均可显著改善斑马鱼骨骼的荧光面积和荧光密度(P < 0.000 1), 加拿大产西洋参提取物改善骨质疏松活性次之, 中国文登产西洋参提取物仅在浓度为10 μg·mL-1时可显著改善斑马鱼骨骼的荧光面积和荧光密度(P < 0.01), 美国产西洋参提取物在浓度为10 μg·mL-1时仅能显著改善斑马鱼骨骼的荧光面积(P < 0.05)。实验结果表明, 各产地西洋参提取物均具有抗骨质疏松活性。
qRT-PCR法检测斑马鱼体内成骨及破骨相关基因的表达情况。结果显示(图 3), 与Ctl组相比, 泼尼松龙处理后, 斑马鱼体内成骨细胞相关基因vdrbcol1a2sparc表达均显著降低(P < 0.000 1), 破骨细胞相关基因mmp9trapctsk表达均显著升高(P < 0.000 1)。与PD组相比, 中国吉林产西洋参提取物处理后, 能显著改善泼尼松龙诱导的斑马鱼机体内上述基因的异常表达(P < 0.05、P < 0.001、P < 0.000 1)。
采用UPLC-MS进行斑马鱼样品非靶向代谢组学的数据采集, 各组试验样品等体积混合作为质量控制样品(quality control, QC), 正、负离子模式下QC样本总离子流图基本重合, 表明检测系统稳定性良好。分别采用主成分分析法(principal component analysis, PCA) 和偏最小二乘判别分析法(partial least squares discriminant analysis, PLS-DA) 对各组数据的聚类情况进行分析, 正、负离子模式下的PCA评分图如图 4A4E所示, PD组与Ctl组明显分离, 各产地西洋参药物组, 特别是CJL组和CAN组均向Ctl组靠近, 通过采用PLS-DA对各实验组数据进行进一步分析, 也表明通过加入西洋参保护, 可改善斑马鱼体内代谢物水平, 使其向Ctl组靠近(图 4B4F)。通过置换检验对模型进行验证, 如图 4C4G所示, 正、负离子模式下, R2Q2从左到右低于最右的原值, 且Q2与Y轴相交于负半轴, 表明该模型没有过拟合且预测能力良好。
基于变量重要性值(variable importance in the projection, VIP), 显著性分析P值, 以及Ctl组与PD组的S-plot图两端的成分(图 4D和4H), 对泼尼松龙导致的斑马鱼骨质疏松的差异代谢物进行筛选。与Ctl组相比, 泼尼松龙模型组(PD组) 有70个代谢物的VIP值大于1, 结合Ctl组与PD组代谢物含量显著性分析P值, 以P值< 0.05为进一步筛选条件, 确定共有50个差异代谢物与泼尼松龙诱导的斑马鱼骨质疏松相关, 不同产地西洋参提取物对骨质疏松斑马鱼进行干预处理后, 可使上述差异代谢物水平较模型组发生显著变化(图 5)。以VIP > 1且P值< 0.05为指标, 对西洋参提取物药物干预后斑马鱼体内生物标志物进行研究, 与PD组相比, CJL组有72个代谢物发生变化, CAN组有82个代谢物发生变化, US组有81个代谢物发生变化, CWD组有82个代谢物发生变化, 通过韦恩图分析[22], 共筛选得到33个交集差异代谢物, 通过对其含量进行进一步比较, 发现西洋参50%醇提物可使泼尼松龙处理的斑马鱼机体中的24个代谢物向Ctl组显著回调(表 2)。结果表明, 上述24个关键差异代谢物可能为西洋参发挥抗骨质疏松活性的关键生物质量标志物。
通过对上述24个差异代谢物进行代谢途径富集分析(图 6), 以-LogP > 1.5且Impact > 0.02为标准, 发现西洋参主要通过嘌呤代谢、三羧酸循环、磷酸戊糖代谢3种代谢途径, 改善泼尼松龙导致的骨质疏松。上述3个差异代谢途径共涉及10个关键生物标志物, 鉴定信息见表 3。结果表明, 与PD组相比, 通过加入西洋参50%乙醇提取物干预, 均可使骨质疏松斑马鱼体内葡糖酸、D-景天庚酮糖-7-磷酸、D-核酮糖-5-磷酸酯、尿酸、柠檬酸、鸟嘌呤、次黄嘌呤、肌酐、鸟苷和磷酸丙酮酸降低到接近于正常水平。
骨质疏松症是一种常见的骨骼疾病, 其发病原因非常复杂, 通常与年龄、营养、激素、免疫和遗传因素等密切相关[23]。中草药在治疗骨质疏松症方面已显示出其独特优势, 因其疗效稳定、毒副作用小等特点, 在防治骨质疏松症方面得到广泛应用, 仙灵骨葆胶囊、骨疏康胶囊、金天格胶囊及强骨胶囊等中成药已纳入中国老年骨质疏松症诊疗指南[24]。西洋参作为一种潜在的抗骨质疏松功能药物, 现已作为中成药中的一味成分, 用于临床, 如生骨胶囊用于治疗老年原发性骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折、玫参胶囊用于治疗围绝经期骨质疏松症等。因西洋参来源品种多样, 如何确保其原料药效成为中成药临床发挥作用的关键。本研究利用泼尼松龙诱导的骨质疏松斑马鱼模型, 明确了四个产地西洋参50%乙醇提取物的抗骨质疏松活性, 基于分子生物学、代谢组学及生物信息学, 明确了其作用机制。
斑马鱼作为一种脊椎动物, 由于其基因组和人类基因组的高同源性, 近年来, 其已成为研究骨骼发育和疾病的重要模式生物[25]。采用泼尼松龙诱导斑马鱼骨质疏松模型, 可以导致斑马鱼成骨细胞和破骨细胞相关基因表达发生异常, 从而用于筛选和评价药物的抗骨质疏松活性[26]。斑马鱼结果显示, 四个产地西洋参醇提物均具有抗骨质疏松活性, 可显著抑制由糖皮质激素导致的斑马鱼骨骼荧光面积减少及荧光密度降低。斑马鱼通过qRT-PCR分析, 明确了西洋参醇提物可显著上调成骨细胞生成相关基因, vdrbcol1a2sparc mRNA表达, 显著下调破骨细胞生成相关基因mmp9trapctsk mRNA表达。vdrb作为维生素D受体转录因子, 能调节体内钙或磷酸盐的吸收, 而上调col1a2sparc的表达, 有助于皮肤、骨骼、肌腱以及其他纤维连接组织[27]Sparc不仅与骨的矿化有关[28], 还是一种钙的结合体, 其表达能增加骨的钙化[29]。破骨细胞是体内负责骨分解与吸收的唯一细胞, mmp9trapctsk是破骨细胞标志基因, 破骨细胞吸附到旧骨质上, 分泌酸性物质如trap溶解矿物质, 分泌ctsk和mmp9等蛋白酶消化骨基质, 形成吸收窝陷[30]。因此, 上调成骨细胞相关基因、下调破骨细胞相关基因的表达, 有助于抑制斑马鱼骨质疏松状态。
代谢组学结果表明, 西洋参提取物可通过调节机体内鸟苷、鸟嘌呤、次黄嘌呤、尿酸、肌酐的水平参与嘌呤代谢, 调节磷酸丙酮酸和柠檬酸代谢参与三羧酸循环, 调节D-核酮糖-5-磷酸酯、葡糖酸和D-景天庚酮糖-7-磷酸水平参与磷酸戊糖代谢, 从而改善斑马鱼骨质疏松状态。其中嘌呤代谢紊乱是引发痛风性关节炎的重要原因, 此类患者单钠尿酸盐晶体沉积在关节滑膜表面, 其可使成骨细胞的活力降低, 破骨细胞的活性将得到增强, 从而加快骨吸收, 并最终造成骨质发生变化[31]
综上所述, 本实验通过整合代谢组学及基于整体动物的骨质疏松模型, 证实了西洋参50%醇提物具有一定的抗骨质疏松活性, 明确了西洋参提取物通过上调斑马鱼体内成骨细胞相关基因, 下调破骨细胞相关基因的表达, 调节葡糖酸、D-景天庚酮糖-7-磷酸、D-核酮糖-5-磷酸酯、尿酸、柠檬酸、鸟嘌呤、次黄嘌呤、肌酐、鸟苷和磷酸丙酮酸水平来改善骨质疏松相关的嘌呤代谢、三羧酸循环、磷酸戊糖代谢等代谢途径, 从而发挥抗骨质疏松活性。本实验可为后续西洋参抗骨质疏松产品的研发提供理论依据。
作者贡献: 邱钺姿负责实验设计、实验开展及论文初稿撰写; 王传森、徐凤华负责动物实验研究、数据整理分析及图表制作; 张轩铭、王利振、李培海负责实验设计验证与核实; 刘可春、屠鹏飞、林厚文负责研究课题监管与指导; 张姗姗、李晓彬指导实验设计、数据分析、论文写作与修改。
利益冲突: 本文无利益冲突。
  • 山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)(2021CXGC010507)
  • 山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)(2022CXGC020515)
  • 国家自然青年科学基金资助项目(42006090)
  • 济南市高校20条资助项目(2020GXRC031)
  • 泰山学者特聘专家项目(ts20190950)
  • 生物基材料与绿色造纸国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(ZZ20190413)
  • 山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2022MD102)
  • 齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院) 科教产融合试点工程重大创新专项(2022JBZ01-06)
  • 齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院) 科教产融合试点工程基础研究类项目(2022PX061)
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2023年第58卷第7期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1293
  • 接收时间:2022-11-29
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-07-12
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出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-29
  • 修回日期:2023-05-06
基金
山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)(2021CXGC010507)
山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)(2022CXGC020515)
国家自然青年科学基金资助项目(42006090)
济南市高校20条资助项目(2020GXRC031)
泰山学者特聘专家项目(ts20190950)
生物基材料与绿色造纸国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(ZZ20190413)
山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2022MD102)
齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院) 科教产融合试点工程重大创新专项(2022JBZ01-06)
齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院) 科教产融合试点工程基础研究类项目(2022PX061)
作者信息
    1.齐鲁工业大学 (山东省科学院), 山东省科学院生物研究所, 山东 济南 250103
    2.山东省人类疾病斑马鱼模型与药物筛选工程技术研究中心, 山东 济南 250103
    3.青岛大学基础医学院, 山东 青岛 266000
    4.北京大学药学院, 北京 100191
    5.上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院, 上海 200127

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*张姗姗, Tel: 18363056386, E-mail: ;
李晓彬, Tel: 15169006695, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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