Article(id=1198624472874975244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198624466902287155, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1130, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1666886400000, receivedDateStr=2022-10-28, revisedDate=1672156800000, revisedDateStr=2022-12-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763703943699, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1681228800000, pubDateStr=2023-04-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763703943699, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763703943699, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763703943699, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198624466902287155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='1092', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763703942275, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763704125380, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198625234971619912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198624466902287155, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198625234971619913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198624466902287155, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=967, endPage=974, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198624473248268334, articleId=1198624472874975244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Identification of the metabolites from co-cultures of marine Streptomyces sp. IMB18-531 and Cladosporium sp. IMB19-099, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A new siderophore chelate (1) and 8 known compounds were identified from the liquid co-cultures of the marine-derived Streptomyces sp. IMB18-531 and Cladosporium sp. IMB19-099 by a combination of chromatography methods, including C18 reversed-phase medium pressure chromatography, gel column chromatography and HPLC. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods as aluminioxamine E (1), desferrioxamine E (2), ferrioxamine E (3), terragine E (4), capsimicin (5), cyclo(L-prolinyl-L-tyrosine) (6), anthranilic acid (7), (Z)-14-methylpentadec-9-enoic acid (8), and (Z)-hexadec-8-enoic acid (9). Compound 2 showed inhibitory activities against the expression of liver fibrosis related genes COL1A1, MMP2, and TIMP2. Compounds 5, 8, and 9 displayed antibacterial activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis, with MICs of 16-64 μg·mL-1. Compound 5 showed cytotoxicities against human pancreatic cancer MIA Paca-2 and human colon cancer HT-29 cell lines with IC50 of 2.9 and 6.3 μmol·L-1, respectively.

, correspAuthors=Ji-cheng SHU, Mao-luo GAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Sha-sha LI, Qin LI, Yi-ming LI, Yue SHANG, Hong-wei HE, Shu-zhen CHEN, Ji-cheng SHU, Mao-luo GAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198624475429306527, articleId=1198624472874975244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=海洋来源链霉菌IMB18-531与枝孢菌IMB19-099共培养代谢产物研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

利用中压反相色谱、凝胶柱色谱和HPLC等多种色谱分离方法对两株海洋来源微生物——链霉菌IMB18-531与枝孢菌IMB19-099的共培养发酵物进行分离纯化, 共分离得到9个化合物。根据波谱学数据分析并结合化学方法, 分别鉴定为: 铝草氨菌素E (1)、去铁胺E (2)、铁草氨菌素E (3)、terragine E (4)、卡巴西霉素(5)、环(L-脯氨酰-L-酪氨酸) (6)、邻氨基苯甲酸(7)、(Z)-14-甲基十五烷-9-烯酸(8) 和(Z)-十六烷-8-烯酸(9)。其中, 化合物1为新化合物。活性筛选结果表明, 化合物2显示出抗肝纤维化活性, 能够抑制肝纤维化相关基因COL1A1MMP2TIMP2的表达。化合物589对甲氧西林耐药金葡菌、表皮葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌显出抗菌活性, MIC为16~64 μg·mL-1。化合物5对人胰腺癌细胞MIA Paca-2和结肠癌细胞HT-29显示出显著的细胞毒活性, IC50分别为2.9和6.3 μmol·L-1

, correspAuthors=舒积成, 甘茂罗, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*舒积成, Tel: 86-10-63165277, E-mail: ;
甘茂罗, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=oX7ZwvwRJSXHEP1DfL9NKQ==, magXml=/Ca5rE3sAj4CCMNgE6BAmw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=QRK+E8G93LfmLSyKwk1xow==, pdfFileSize=1016873, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=/G058X/GB9QzlLb4dbWl+A==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=6FhhUTVFoP4J2/Uxkx3Bdg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

#同等贡献.

, authorsList=李莎莎, 李琴, 李翊铭, 商悦, 何红伟, 陈淑珍, 舒积成, 甘茂罗)}, authors=[Author(id=1198702041175519334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624472874975244, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198702041305542777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624472874975244, authorId=1198702041175519334, language=EN, stringName=Sha-sha LI, firstName=Sha-sha, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. Laboratory for Screening New Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198702041418789000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624472874975244, authorId=1198702041175519334, language=CN, stringName=李莎莎, firstName=莎莎, middleName=null, lastName=李, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, #, address=1.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院医药生物技术研究所, 国家新药微生物筛选实验室, 北京 100050, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198702040256966715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624472874975244, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702040282132540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624472874975244, companyId=1198702040256966715, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Laboratory for Screening New Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702040877723711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624472874975244, companyId=1198702040256966715, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院医药生物技术研究所, 国家新药微生物筛选实验室, 北京 100050)])]), Author(id=1198702041578172568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624472874975244, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198702041859190967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624472874975244, authorId=1198702041578172568, language=EN, stringName=Qin LI, firstName=Qin, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. Laboratory for Screening New Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Acta Pharmacol Sin, 2020, 41: 661-669., articleTitle=A novel biphenyl compound IMB-S7 ameliorates hepatic fibrosis in BDL rats by suppressing Sp1-mediated integrin αv expression, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1198702048758821698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624472874975244, awardId=82273830, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(82273830), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198702048905622348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624472874975244, awardId=81872781, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(81872781), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198702049111143258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624472874975244, awardId=CIFMS, 2021-I2M-1-055, language=CN, fundingSource=中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程(CIFMS, 2021-I2M-1-055), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198702040256966715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624472874975244, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702040282132540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624472874975244, companyId=1198702040256966715, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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Data were analyzed by Bright-Glo luciferase assay system; (b) The inhibitory effects of compound <strong>2</strong> on the mRNA expression level of liver fibrosis-related genes at different concentrations , figureFileSmall=ifOz65qhZ4Ka2cvLYIB2Kg==, figureFileBig=zu+cjoHjFtG/4UvXJbn4iQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702047999652601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624472874975244, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. 1 2
δH δC δH δC
1, 1′, 1″ 174.3, C 172.6, C
2, 2′, 2″ 3.00, m; 2.47, m 25.0, CH2 2.27, t (6.6) 30.6, CH2
3, 3′, 3″ 2.78, m; 2.49, m 30.8, CH2 2.57, t (6.6) 28.0, CH2
4, 4′, 4″ 164.3, C 172.6, C
5, 5′, 5″ 4.02, m; 3.53, m 51.4, CH2 3.44, t (6.6) 47.4, CH2
6, 6′, 6″ 1.86, m; 1.40, m 26.5, CH2 1.46, m 26.2, CH2
7, 7′, 7″ 1.21, m 22.4, CH2 1.16, m 23.6, CH2
8, 8′, 8″ 1.55, m 28.1, CH2 1.34, m 28.9, CH2
9, 9′, 9″ 3.53, m; 2.90, m 38.3, CH2 2.98, q (6.0) 38.9, CH2
OH 9.87, brs
NH 7.76, brt (6.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1198702048159036167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624472874975244, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

NMR spectroscopic data for compounds 1 and 2. δ were measured in CD3OD for 1 and DMSO-d6 for 2 at 600 MHz for 1H and 150 MHz for 13C. Proton coupling constants (J) in Hz are given in the parenthesis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. 1 2
δH δC δH δC
1, 1′, 1″ 174.3, C 172.6, C
2, 2′, 2″ 3.00, m; 2.47, m 25.0, CH2 2.27, t (6.6) 30.6, CH2
3, 3′, 3″ 2.78, m; 2.49, m 30.8, CH2 2.57, t (6.6) 28.0, CH2
4, 4′, 4″ 164.3, C 172.6, C
5, 5′, 5″ 4.02, m; 3.53, m 51.4, CH2 3.44, t (6.6) 47.4, CH2
6, 6′, 6″ 1.86, m; 1.40, m 26.5, CH2 1.46, m 26.2, CH2
7, 7′, 7″ 1.21, m 22.4, CH2 1.16, m 23.6, CH2
8, 8′, 8″ 1.55, m 28.1, CH2 1.34, m 28.9, CH2
9, 9′, 9″ 3.53, m; 2.90, m 38.3, CH2 2.98, q (6.0) 38.9, CH2
OH 9.87, brs
NH 7.76, brt (6.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1198702048284865298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624472874975244, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Microgranism Strain No. 5 8 9 Rifampicin
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 33591 32 64 64 < 0.097 6
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 16 32 32 < 0.097 6
Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 1228 32 32 64 < 0.097 6
Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 16 32 64 < 0.097 6
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 > 128 > 128 > 128 8
Morganella morganii ATCC 25830 > 128 > 128 > 128 10
Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 > 128 > 128 > 128 8
Candida albicans ATCC 10231 64 32 64 < 0.097 6
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Antimicrobial activities of compounds 5, 8, and 9 (MIC, μg·mL-1)

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Microgranism Strain No. 5 8 9 Rifampicin
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 33591 32 64 64 < 0.097 6
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 16 32 32 < 0.097 6
Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 1228 32 32 64 < 0.097 6
Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 16 32 64 < 0.097 6
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 > 128 > 128 > 128 8
Morganella morganii ATCC 25830 > 128 > 128 > 128 10
Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 > 128 > 128 > 128 8
Candida albicans ATCC 10231 64 32 64 < 0.097 6
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海洋来源链霉菌IMB18-531与枝孢菌IMB19-099共培养代谢产物研究
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李莎莎 1, # , 李琴 1, 2, # , 李翊铭 1 , 商悦 1 , 何红伟 1 , 陈淑珍 1 , 舒积成 2, * , 甘茂罗 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2023,58(4): 967-974
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2023, 58(4): 967-974
海洋来源链霉菌IMB18-531与枝孢菌IMB19-099共培养代谢产物研究
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李莎莎1, #, 李琴1, 2, #, 李翊铭1, 商悦1, 何红伟1, 陈淑珍1, 舒积成2, * , 甘茂罗1, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院医药生物技术研究所, 国家新药微生物筛选实验室, 北京 100050
  • 2.江西中医药大学, 现代中药制剂教育部重点实验室, 江西 南昌 330004

通讯作者:

*舒积成, Tel: 86-10-63165277, E-mail: ;
甘茂罗, E-mail:
Identification of the metabolites from co-cultures of marine Streptomyces sp. IMB18-531 and Cladosporium sp. IMB19-099
Sha-sha LI1, Qin LI1, 2, Yi-ming LI1, Yue SHANG1, Hong-wei HE1, Shu-zhen CHEN1, Ji-cheng SHU2, * , Mao-luo GAN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Laboratory for Screening New Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
  • 2. Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
出版时间: 2023-04-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1130
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利用中压反相色谱、凝胶柱色谱和HPLC等多种色谱分离方法对两株海洋来源微生物——链霉菌IMB18-531与枝孢菌IMB19-099的共培养发酵物进行分离纯化, 共分离得到9个化合物。根据波谱学数据分析并结合化学方法, 分别鉴定为: 铝草氨菌素E (1)、去铁胺E (2)、铁草氨菌素E (3)、terragine E (4)、卡巴西霉素(5)、环(L-脯氨酰-L-酪氨酸) (6)、邻氨基苯甲酸(7)、(Z)-14-甲基十五烷-9-烯酸(8) 和(Z)-十六烷-8-烯酸(9)。其中, 化合物1为新化合物。活性筛选结果表明, 化合物2显示出抗肝纤维化活性, 能够抑制肝纤维化相关基因COL1A1MMP2TIMP2的表达。化合物589对甲氧西林耐药金葡菌、表皮葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌显出抗菌活性, MIC为16~64 μg·mL-1。化合物5对人胰腺癌细胞MIA Paca-2和结肠癌细胞HT-29显示出显著的细胞毒活性, IC50分别为2.9和6.3 μmol·L-1

海洋微生物  /  共培养  /  铁载体  /  抗肝纤维化  /  去铁胺E

A new siderophore chelate (1) and 8 known compounds were identified from the liquid co-cultures of the marine-derived Streptomyces sp. IMB18-531 and Cladosporium sp. IMB19-099 by a combination of chromatography methods, including C18 reversed-phase medium pressure chromatography, gel column chromatography and HPLC. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods as aluminioxamine E (1), desferrioxamine E (2), ferrioxamine E (3), terragine E (4), capsimicin (5), cyclo(L-prolinyl-L-tyrosine) (6), anthranilic acid (7), (Z)-14-methylpentadec-9-enoic acid (8), and (Z)-hexadec-8-enoic acid (9). Compound 2 showed inhibitory activities against the expression of liver fibrosis related genes COL1A1, MMP2, and TIMP2. Compounds 5, 8, and 9 displayed antibacterial activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis, with MICs of 16-64 μg·mL-1. Compound 5 showed cytotoxicities against human pancreatic cancer MIA Paca-2 and human colon cancer HT-29 cell lines with IC50 of 2.9 and 6.3 μmol·L-1, respectively.

marine microorganism  /  co-culture  /  siderophore  /  anti-hepatic fibrosis  /  desferrioxamine E
李莎莎, 李琴, 李翊铭, 商悦, 何红伟, 陈淑珍, 舒积成, 甘茂罗. 海洋来源链霉菌IMB18-531与枝孢菌IMB19-099共培养代谢产物研究. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (4) : 967 -974 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1130
Sha-sha LI, Qin LI, Yi-ming LI, Yue SHANG, Hong-wei HE, Shu-zhen CHEN, Ji-cheng SHU, Mao-luo GAN. Identification of the metabolites from co-cultures of marine Streptomyces sp. IMB18-531 and Cladosporium sp. IMB19-099[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (4) : 967 -974 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1130
海洋微生物蕴含结构多样的次级代谢产物, 是药物先导物发现具有潜力的资源[1-3]。一种微生物基因组中通常含有20种以上的次级代谢生物合成基因簇[4, 5]。在常规实验培养条件下, 多数次级代谢基因处于沉默状态。挖掘微生物的沉默基因潜能有望发现更多结构新颖的活性产物[6, 7]。近年来, 包括共培养、核糖体工程、单种多化合物(one strain many compounds, OSMAC)、化学诱导、转录因子调控及CRISPR-Cas9启动子置换等技术被应用于微生物基因组挖掘研究[6]。其中, 共培养是将两种或多种微生物在同一容器中进行混合培养, 通过模拟自然界微生物种群间相互竞争的环境, 从而激活微生物基因组中化学防御机制相关的沉默基因表达[8, 9]。研究表明, 利用共培养策略诱导产生的新颖次级代谢产物, 大多具有抗菌、抗病毒和细胞毒等广泛的生物活性[10-12]
在对海洋微生物开展活性产物研究的过程中[13-16], 本课题组利用平板对分离的海洋微生物进行共培养筛选, 发现海洋来源的链霉菌Streptomyces sp. IMB18-531与枝孢属真菌Cladosporium sp. IMB19-099, 在平板上显示出显著的相互抑制作用, 二者的液体共培养发酵产物较单一菌株培养发酵产物对铜绿假单胞菌、白色念珠菌等多种致病菌的抗菌活性显著增强。LC-MS数据分析表明, 共培养发酵产物中产生了多个未知组分, 一些组分的含量显著升高。通过进一步放大发酵和分离纯化, 从共培养产物中分离鉴定了9个化合物(图 1), 发现一个新的铁载体螯合物, 对分离的化合物进行了抗肝纤维化、抗菌和肿瘤细胞毒活性筛选。本文主要报道两株海洋微生物共培养产物及其活性筛选结果。
化合物1为浅黄色粉末, UV光谱在218 nm显示出最大吸收峰。HR-ESI-MS谱在m/z 625.315 6给出准分子离子峰[M+H]+, 结合NMR数据确定其分子式为C27H45N6O9Al (C27H46N6O9Al计算值625.314 2)。化合物11H NMR谱中显示出两组连氮亚甲基质子(δH 4.02, m; 3.53, m; 3.53, m; 2.90, m) 以及在δH 1.24~3.00处的5组脂肪亚甲基质子信号。13C NMR谱显示出9个碳信号, 包括2个羰基碳(δC 174.3、164.3), 7个脂肪亚甲基碳(其中2个为连氮亚甲基δC 51.4、38.3)。由NMR数据推测结构中含有5×CH2、2×NCH2和2×CO结构片断, 以上单元化学式组成为C9H14N2O2, 约相当于分子式元素组成的1/3, 这提示化合物1中含有3个重复的结构单元。此外, 仍有3个氧原子、3个氢原子和1个铝原子未归属。化合物1的NMR数据与同时分离到的去铁胺E (desferrioxamine E, 别名nocardamine, 2)[17]的数据非常相似(表 1), 其主要差异是化合物1中的一个羰基碳(δC 164.3) 向高场位移了8.3 ppm。根据以上数据推测化合物1为去铁胺E (2) 的衍生物。
分析化合物11H-1H COSY谱, 提示其结构中含有两组自旋偶合体系(图 2)。在HMBC谱中, 观察到H-2a、H-2b和H-3a、H-3b分别与羰基碳C-1 (δC 174.3) 和C-4 (δC 164.3) 的相关信号, 提示结构中存在丁二酰基(琥珀酰) 结构单元。H2-7与C-5、C-6、C-8和C-9的相关峰表明结构中存在戊二氨基[N(CH2)5N, cadaverine] 单元; C-5 (δC 51.4) 相较于C-9 (δC 38.3) 更低场的化学位移, 提示cadaverine单元中的N-5上取代有一个氧原子。H-5a和H-5b与C-4的HMBC相关信号提示以上两个结构单元组成了一个琥珀酰戊二氨单元。此外, H-9a和H-9b (H-9′a和H-9′b或H-9″a和H-9″b) 与C-1′ (C-1″或C-1) 的相关信号, 表明结构中的3个琥珀酰戊二氨单元通过头尾相接的顺序组成了一个三十三元环, 证实化合物1的母核结构为去铁胺E (2) 的三价酸根。由于分子组成中含有一个铝原子, 提示化合物1为化合物2的三价铝离子螯合物。
为进一步确定化合物1的结构, 参照铁载体类化合物脱去金属离子的方法[18], 将化合物1用8-羟基喹啉处理除去螯合的金属离子, 经HPLC纯化后得到去铁胺E (2)。此外, 将化合物2与AlCl3水溶液搅拌20 min, 经HPLC纯化可得到化合物1。以上结果进一步表明, 化合物1的结构为去铁胺E的铝离子螯合物, 命名为铝草氨菌素E (aluminioxamine E)。
对化合物1~9进行了抗肝纤维化、抗菌和肿瘤细胞毒活性筛选。结果显示, 不同浓度的化合物2 (10、20和40 μmol·L-1) 均能够抑制肝纤维化相关基因COL1A1启动子的活性, 其中40 μmol·L-1时效果最好, 抑制率为44.7% (图 3a)。进一步在细胞水平上评价化合物2对肝纤维化相关基因mRNA表达水平的影响。结果显示, 化合物2在浓度为10、20、40 μmol·L-1时能够浓度依赖性地降低肝纤维化相关基因COL1A1MMP2TIMP2的表达, 在浓度为40 μmol·L-1时能够将TIMP2基因的表达量降至与对照组相当(图 3b)。这些研究结果提示去铁胺E (2) 可能具有抑制肝纤维化作用。
抗菌活性结果显示, 化合物589对金葡菌、甲氧西林耐药金葡菌(MRSA)、表皮葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌及白色念珠菌具有一定的抑制活性, 最低抑菌浓度(MIC) 为16~64 μg·mL-1 (表 2)。其他化合物未显示出抗菌活性(MIC > 128 μg·mL-1)。
化合物5对人胰腺癌MIA Paca-2和结肠癌HT-29细胞显示出较强的细胞毒活性, IC50分别为2.9和6.3 μmol·L-1 (阳性对照多柔比星IC50分别0.5和0.8 μmol·L-1)。其余化合物未显示出明显的细胞毒活性(IC50 > 40 μmol·L-1)。
从海洋来源的链霉菌IMB18-531与枝孢菌IMB19-099液体共培养发酵产物中分离得到9个化合物, 其中4个为铁载体类化合物, 包括1个新的铁载体螯合物铝草氨菌素E (1)。去铁胺E (2) 及其衍生物是一类重要的铁载体, 主要由链霉菌、诺卡氏菌、小单孢菌等多种放线菌产生[19], 主要功能是为菌株生长从环境摄取和转运所需的铁元素[20]。卡巴西霉素(5) 也是链霉菌产物, 具有抗细菌、真菌和抗肿瘤细胞活性[21, 22]。LC-MS分析结果显示, 化合物1~5在共培养产物中的含量, 较链霉菌IMB18-531纯培养产物中提高了3~10倍。这一结果表明, 通过共培养有效促进了链霉菌中与化学防御和铁摄取相关的次级代谢基因的表达, 增加了微生物产物的化学多样性。此外, 本研究分离得到的产物主要来源于链霉菌, 未能获得真菌来源的特征次级代谢产物, 可能与共培养中真菌的生长受到抑制有关。去铁胺E (2) 的抗肝纤维化活性为首次报道, 值得进一步深入研究。
1H、13C NMR谱用Bruker 600 MHz核磁共振仪测定(德国Bruker公司); HR-ESI-MS谱用Waters UPLC XevoG2-XS Tof液相色谱-高分辨质谱联用仪测定(美国Waters公司); LC-MS分析用LC-MSD 1946D液相色谱-质谱联用仪(美国安捷伦公司); HPLC制备色谱用岛津LC-20AP液相色谱仪(日本岛津公司); 中压色谱用BuchiPure C-850中高压色谱仪(瑞士Buchi公司); 凝胶柱色谱填料Sephadex LH-20 (美国GE Biosciences公司)和Toyopearl Gel HW-40F (日本Tosoh公司); 大孔吸附树脂Amberlite XAD7HP (美国Rohm & Haas公司); 人工海盐(天津中盐海洋生物公司)。
菌株IMB18-531分离自广西北海涠洲岛(109°6′38″E, 21°1′35″N) 未鉴定种属海绵, 其16S rRNA序列与厦门链霉菌Streptomyces xiamenensis 318 (Genbank No. CP009922) 相似度为100%, 根据菌株表型及16S rRNA序列分析, 将该菌株确定为链霉菌属菌株。菌株IMB 19-099分离自巴布亚新几内亚中部(152°25′5157″E, 5°51′9733″N) 海域的钩虾(Gammarus sp., 上海彩虹鱼海洋科技股份有限公司提供), 其ITS区域DNA序列与枝孢属真菌Cladosporium endophyticum MFLUCC 17-0599 (Genbank No. NR_158360) 相似度为98.35%, 根据菌株表型及ITS序列分析, 将该菌株确定为枝孢属菌株。菌株保存于中国医学科学院医药生物技术研究所国家新药(微生物) 筛选实验室。
菌株IMB18-531接种于M1培养基(淀粉10 g、酵母提取物4 g、蛋白胨2 g、琼脂18 g、人工海盐30 g、去离子水1 L) 琼脂平板上, 28 ℃恒温培养8天, 用无菌竹签划取2 cm2左右的含菌琼脂块, 接种于含100 mL TCG培养基(葡萄糖4 g、酪蛋白5 g、胰蛋白胨3 g、人工海盐30 g、去离子水1 L) 的500 mL三角瓶中, 28 ℃、200 r·min-1培养3天得到放线菌种子液。菌株IMB19-099接种于PDA培养基板上, 28 ℃下培养6天。用无菌竹签取2 cm2大小的含菌琼脂块接种于含100 mL PDB培养基(马铃薯浸出粉3 g、葡萄糖20 g、人工海盐30 g、去离子水1 L) 的500 mL三角瓶中, 28 ℃、200 r·min-1震荡培养3天得到真菌种子液。将放线菌与真菌种子液按体积比4:1混匀, 取10 mL接种于含100 mL TCG培养基的500 mL三角瓶中, 共320瓶, 28 ℃、200 r·min-1震荡共培养发酵8天。
收集发酵液共32 L, 离心得到菌丝体和上清液。菌丝体用丙酮(3 L×3) 超声提取。上清液加入Amberlite XAD7HP大孔树脂(200 mL·L-1), 120 r·min-1振摇6 h, 依次用水、50%甲醇、甲醇和丙酮分别洗脱12 L。将大孔树脂有机溶剂洗脱的各个流分、菌丝体丙酮提取液分别减压除去溶剂, 合并得到提取物浸膏35 g。将提取物浸膏用C18中压柱色谱(C18反相硅胶1 kg, 49 mm × 920 mm) 分离, 依次用10%、30%、50%、70%、90%、100%甲醇和100%丙酮进行洗脱, 得到7个流分(F1~F7)。
流分F1 (23 g) 经Sephadex LH-20凝胶色谱, 30%甲醇洗脱得到10个组分(F1-1~F1-10)。F1-8 (481 mg) 经HPLC色谱(Capcell PAK C18 AQ, 5 μm, 10 mm × 250 mm, 6%甲醇含0.1%甲酸, 3 mL·min-1) 纯化得到化合物6 (79 mg) 和7 (3.2 mg)。
流分F2 (2.6 g) 经Sephadex LH-20凝胶色谱, 50%甲醇洗脱, 得到11个组分(F2-1~F2-11)。F2-4 (880 mg) 经C18反相硅胶中压柱色谱(20 g) 进一步分离, 5%~35%甲醇梯度洗脱, 得到11个组分(F2-4-1~F2-4-11)。其中F2-4-5经HPLC色谱(Capcell PAK C18 MG Ⅱ 5 μm, 10 mm × 250 mm, 14%乙腈, 4 mL·min-1) 纯化得到化合物3 (60 mg) 和1 (6 mg)。
流分F3 (2.1 g) 经C18反相硅胶中压柱色谱(40 g), 10%~70%甲醇梯度洗脱, 得到18个组分(F3-1~F3-18)。F3-7 (220 mg) 经HPLC色谱(Capcell PAK C18 MG Ⅱ 5 μm, 10 mm × 250 mm, 20%乙腈含0.1%甲酸, 3 mL·min-1) 纯化得到化合物2 (73 mg); F3-6 (112 mg) 经HPLC色谱(Capcell PAK C18 MG Ⅱ 5 μm, 10 mm × 250 mm, 15%乙腈含0.1%甲酸, 3 mL·min-1) 纯化得到化合物4 (11 mg)。
流分F4 (1.86 g) 经Toyopearl Gel HW-40F凝胶柱色谱, 75%甲醇洗脱, 得到16个组分(F4-1~F4-16)。F4-6 (501 mg) 经Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱, 75%甲醇洗脱得到5个亚组分(F4-6-1~F4-6-5)。F4-6-3 (227 mg) 经HPLC色谱(Capcell PAK C18 MG Ⅱ 5 μm, 10 mm × 250 mm, 45%甲醇, 3 mL·min-1) 多次纯化得到化合物8 (10 mg) 和9 (7 mg)。F4-7 (14 mg)、F4-8 (10 mg)、F4-9 (13 mg) 经HPLC色谱(Capcell PAK C18 MG Ⅱ 5 μm, 10 mm × 250 mm, 47%乙腈, 3 mL·min-1) 多次纯化得到化合物5 (3 mg)。
化合物1: 浅黄色粉末; UV (MeOH, HPLC-DAD) λmax 218 nm; 1H NMR (CD3OD, 600 MHz) 和13C NMR (CD3OD, 150 MHz) 数据见表 1; HR-ESI-MS: m/z 625.315 6 [M+H]+ (C27H46AlN6O9理论值为625.314 2)。
化合物2: 白色粉末; UV (MeOH, HPLC-DAD) λmax 200 nm; 1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 600 MHz) 和13C NMR (DMSO-d6, 150 MHz) 数据见表 1; HR-ESI-MS: m/z 601.355 5 [M+H]+ (C27H49N6O9理论值为601.356 1)。以上数据与文献[17]报道的去铁胺E (desferrioxamine E, 又名nocardamine[23, 24]) 数据一致, 因此将化合物2的结构确定为去铁胺E。
化合物3: 深红色粉末; UV (MeOH, HPLC-DAD) λmax 240、445 nm; HR-ESI-MS: m/z 654.265 7 [M+H]+ (C27H46FeN6O9理论值为654.267 6)。化合物3经NMR波谱测试, 没有显示出1H和13C信号, 提示结构中含有Fe3+离子[25]。将化合物3经8-羟基喹啉处理, 除去螯合的Fe3+离子, 经HPLC纯化后得到化合物2。以上理化性质及质谱数据与文献[24, 26]报道的铁草氨菌素E (ferrioxamine E) 数据一致, 因此化合物3的结构确定为铁草氨菌素E。
化合物4: 白色粉末状; 1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 600 MHz) δ 2.28 (8H, t, J = 6.6 Hz, H-2/3/2′/2″), 3.00 (8H, t, J = 6.6 Hz, H-5/9/9′/9″), 1.35 (8H, m, H-6/8/8′/8″), 1.20 (6H, m, H-7/7′/7″), 2.58 (4H, t, J = 7.2 Hz, H-3′/3″), 3.46 (4H, t, J = 6.6 Hz, H-5′/5″), 1.48 (4H, m, H-6′/6″), 7.73 (4H, brt, NH), 9.61 (1H, brs, OH); 13C NMR (DMSO-d6, 150 MHz) δ 171.5 (C-1), 31.1 (C-2/3), 172.0 (C-4), 38.3 (C-5/9/9′/9″), 28.7 (C-6/8/8′/8″), 23.5 (C-7), 171.3 (C-1′/1″), 30.0 (C-2′/2″), 27.5 (C-3′/3″), 171.3 (C-4′/4″), 46.9 (C-5′/5″), 25.8 (C-6′/6″), 23.2 (C-7′/7″); HR-ESI-MS: m/z 585.361 7 [M+H]+ (C27H49N6O8理论值为585.361 2)。以上数据与文献[23]报道的terragine E数据一致, 因此化合物4的结构确定为terragine E。
化合物5: 米黄色粉末; UV (MeOH, HPLC-DAD) λmax 325 nm; [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{25} $ +80 (c 0.1, MeOH); 1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 600 MHz) δ 3.83 (brs, H-2), 1.98 (m, H-3a), 1.73 (m, H-3b), 1.38 (m, H-4a), 1.14 (m, H-4b), 3.63 (m, H-5a), 2.45 (m, H-5b), 7.87 (t, J = 5.4 Hz, 6-NH), 5.80 (d, J = 11.4 Hz, H-8), 6.04 (ddd, J = 11.4, 11.4, 3.6 Hz, H-9), 3.69 (m, H-10a), 2.34 (m, H-10b), 1.67 (m, H-11), 2.33 (m, H-12), 2.90 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, H-13), 3.25 (m, H-14), 0.90 (td, J = 12.0, 1.8 Hz, H-15), 1.87 (m, H-16), 2.25 (m, H-17), 1.87 (m, H-18a), 0.59 (m, H-18b), 1.10 (m, H-19), 1.67 (m, H-20), 2.00 (m, H-21a), 1.10 (m, H-21b), 2.24 (m, H-22), 6.63 (dd, J = 15.6, 10.2 Hz, H-23), 7.00 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, H-24), 8.68 (brs, 28-NH), 0.95 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, H-29), 3.33 (m, H-30), 1.20 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, H-31), 3.20 (s, H-32); 13C NMR (DMSO-d6, 150 MHz) δ 195.8 (C-1), 61.1 (C-2), 26.8 (C-3), 20.5 (C-4), 38.2 (C-5), 165.5 (C-7), 124.4 (C-8), 139.0 (C-9), 25.2 (C-10), 45.4 (C-11), 40.5 (C-12), 53.0 (C-13), 57.4 (C-14), 46.9 (C-15), 49.4 (C-16), 33.3 (C-17), 38.8 (C-18), 46.9 (C-19), 40.1 (C-20), 36.3 (C-21), 48.9 (C-22), 149.8 (C-23), 122.2 (C-24), 171.3 (C-25), 100.8 (C-26), 175.1 (C-27), 17.8 (C-29), 76.8 (C-30), 17.2 (C-31), 54.7 (C-32); HR-ESI-MS: m/z 525.298 0 [M+H]+ (C30H40N2O6理论值为525.296 5)。以上数据与文献[21, 22]报道的卡巴西霉素(capsimycin) 核磁数据一致, 因此化合物5的结构确定为卡巴西霉素。
化合物6: 白色粉末, 易溶于甲醇、DMSO; UV (MeOH, HPLC-DAD) λmax 215 nm; 1H NMR (CD3OD, 600 MHz) δ 4.36 (td, J = 5.4, 1.8 Hz, H-3), 4.03 (ddd, J = 11.4, 6.6, 1.8 Hz, H-6), 2.10 (m, H-7a), 1.79 (m, H-7b), 1.80 (m, H-8a), 1.24 (m, H-8b), 3.54 (m, H-9a), 3.35 (m, H-9b), 3.08 (dd, J = 14.4, 5.4 Hz, H-10a), 3.03 (dd, J = 14.4, 4.8 Hz, H-10b), 7.04 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, H-12/16), 6.71 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, H-13/15); 13C NMR (CD3OD, 150 MHz) δ 170.8 (C-2), 60.0 (C-3), 166.9 (C-5), 57.9 (C-6), 29.4 (C-7), 22.7 (C-8), 45.9 (C-9), 37.7 (C-10), 127.6 (C-11), 132.1 (C-12/16), 116.2 (C-13/15), 157.6 (C-14); HR-ESI-MS: m/z 261.124 2 [M+H]+ (C14H17N2O3理论值为261.123 9)。以上数据与文献[27]报道的环(L-脯氨酰-L-酪氨酸) 数据一致。利用高级Marfey法[28]进一步确定化合物6中的氨基酸绝对构型均为L构型。因此, 化合物6的结构确定为环(L-脯氨酰-L-酪氨酸)。
化合物7: 淡黄色粉末, 易溶于甲醇、DMSO; UV (MeOH, HPLC-DAD) λmax 223、274 nm; 1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 600 MHz) δ 6.71 (dd, J = 7.8, 1.2 Hz, H-3), 7.20 (td, J = 7.8, 1.2 Hz, H-4), 6.49 (td, J = 7.8, 1.2 Hz, H-5), 7.68 (dd, J = 7.8, 1.2 Hz, H-6); 13C NMR (DMSO-d6, 150 MHz) δ 109.8 (C-1), 151.5 (C-2), 114.6 (C-3), 133.7 (C-4), 116.4 (C-5), 131.2 (C-6), 169.7 (C-7); HR-ESI-MS: m/z 138.056 1 [M+H]+ (C14H17N2O3理论值为138.055 5)。以上数据与文献[29]报道的邻氨基苯甲酸数据一致, 因此化合物7的结构确定为邻氨基苯甲酸。
化合物8: 无色油状液体, 易溶于甲醇、DMSO; UV (MeOH, HPLC-DAD) λmax 190 nm; 1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 600 MHz) δ 2.16 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, H-2), 1.49 (m, H-3), 1.14~1.30 (12H, m, H-4~6/11~13), 1.97 (4H, q, J = 7.2 Hz, H-7/10), 5.33 (dt, J = 10.2, 7.2 Hz, H-8), 5.31 (dt, J = 10.2, 7.2 Hz, H-9), 1.50 (m, H-14), 0.84 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, H-15/16); 13C NMR (DMSO-d6, 150 MHz) δ 174.7 (C-1), 33.8 (C-2), 24.6 (C-3), 27.4 (C-4), 28.6 (C-5), 28.6 (C-6), 26.6 (C-7), 129.7 (C-8), 129.7 (C-9), 27.0 (C-10), 28.7 (C-11), 26.9 (C-12), 38.1 (C-13), 29.1 (C-14), 22.6 (C-15/16); HR-ESI-MS: m/z 255.230 9 [M+H]+ (C16H31O2理论值为255.232 4)。以上数据与文献[30]报道的(Z)-14-甲基十五烷-9-烯酸数据一致。因此, 将化合物8的结构确定为(Z)-14-甲基十五烷-9-烯酸。
化合物9: 无色油状液体, 易溶于甲醇、DMSO; UV (MeOH, HPLC-DAD) λmax 190 nm; 1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 600 MHz) δ 2.16 (2H, t, J = 7.2 Hz, H-2), 1.47 (2H, m, H-3), 1.23~1.29 (16H, m, H-4~6/11~15), 1.97 (4H, q, J = 7.2 Hz, H-7/10), 5.32 (dt, J = 10.2, 7.2 Hz, H-8), 5.31 (dt, J = 10.2, 7.2 Hz, H-9), 0.84 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, H-16); 13C NMR (DMSO-d6, 150 MHz) δ 174.6 (C-1), 33.8 (C-2), 24.6 (C-3), 29.2 (C-4), 28.7 (C-5), 29.2 (C-6), 26.7 (C-7), 129.8 (C-8), 129.7 (C-9), 26.7 (C-10), 28.6 (C-11), 28.6 (C-12), 28.4 (C-13), 31.2 (C-14), 22.2 (C-15), 14.0 (C-16); HR-ESI-MS: m/z 255.230 9 [M+H]+ (C16H31O2理论值为255.232 4)。以上数据与文献[31]报道的(Z)-十六烷-8-烯酸。因此, 化合物9的结构确定为(Z)-十六烷-8-烯酸。
取化合物1 (5 mg) 和3 (11 mg), 分别溶解于3 mL去离子水中, 加入4 mL 1 mol·L-1 8-羟基喹啉, 室温搅拌30 min, 然后加入6 mL CH2Cl2萃取3次。收集水层, 减压浓缩得到反应产物, 经HPLC半制备色谱纯化(Capcell PAK ADME 5 μm, 10 mm × 250 mm, 21%乙腈+ 0.1%甲酸, 4 mL·min-1) 分别得到3和7 mg的化合物2, 其HR-ESI-MS和NMR数据与天然产物2一致。
取化合物2 (10 mg), 溶解于2 mL甲醇中, 加入1 mL 75 mmol·L-1 AlCl3溶液, 室温搅拌20 min, 将反应产物经HPLC半制备色谱纯化(Capcell PAK C18 MG-Ⅱ 5 μm, 10 mm × 250 mm, 12%乙腈含0.1%甲酸, 3 mL·min-1) 得到1 (6 mg), 其HR-ESI-MS和NMR数据与天然产物1一致。
应用基于COL1A1启动子的高通量抗肝纤维化筛选模型对分离化合物进行抗肝纤维化活性筛选[32]。采取瞬时转染的方式对LX-2细胞进行转染, 待细胞汇合度至90%~95%时, 以每孔1.5×104个细胞铺至96孔板中, 细胞贴壁后加入待测化合物, 然后检测单荧光素酶活性。利用酶标仪测定每孔全波长荧光值。计算不同化合物对COL1A1基因启动子抑制率。抑制率= (对照组荧光值- 处理组荧光值) / 对照组荧光值× 100%。
按照文献[33]所述方法, 对样品处理过的细胞, 进行总RNA提取、逆转录PCR、实时定量PCR, 荧光信号值在每个循环的末尾收集, 分析对照组和实验组目的基因的相对表达量, 通过目标基因表达量的多少判断化合物对细胞中相关基因的表达是否有影响。
应用微量稀释法[13]评价化合物对金葡菌、表皮葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、摩氏摩根菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌等病原菌的抗菌活性。将菌株接种于MH培养基, 37 ℃、200 r·min-1振荡培养12 h后, 将菌液按10%体积比转接至MH培养基, 待菌液吸光度A600为1.0时, 将菌液用MH培养基稀释3 000倍, 得到菌落数每毫升约5×105 CFU的菌液。取198 μL稀释好的菌液加入96孔板第一行, 其余各行加入菌液100 μL。取2 μL待测样品DMSO溶液(12.8 mg·mL-1) 加入第一行孔中混匀, 然后从上一行依次取100 μL加到下一行的孔中进行二倍稀释。每样品重复3个复孔。将96孔板置于37 ℃培养12 h后, 观察活性结果, 记录最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。
利用CCK-8试剂盒测定化合物对人胰腺癌细胞MIA Paca-2和结肠癌细胞HT-29的活性[15]。将化合物配置成浓度为20 mmol·L-1的DMSO溶液备用, 随后用PBS将样品稀释到相应的测试浓度。在每个96孔培养板的孔中加入大约4×103个MIA Paca-2细胞或者5×103个HT-29细胞, 过夜培养24 h后加入样品, 继续培养48 h后每孔加入10 μL CCK-8试剂, 反应2 h, 用酶标仪检测每孔在450 nm处的吸光度。实验重复3次, 根据对照孔和实验孔的数据计算细胞存活率。
作者贡献: 李莎莎负责共培养发酵、分离提取、结构鉴定和抗菌活性测定, 撰写论文初稿; 李琴负责菌株分离和共培养筛选; 李翊铭负责抗肝纤维化活性筛选; 何红伟负责抗肝纤维化活性的实验设计, 数据分析, 稿件修改; 陈淑珍、商悦分别负责肿瘤细胞毒活性的实验设计与测定; 舒积成为本文的共同通讯作者, 负责数据分析、稿件修改; 甘茂罗为本文通讯作者, 负责实验设计, 结构鉴定, 文章修改及定稿。
利益冲突: 本文不存在任何利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82273830)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(81872781)
  • 中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程(CIFMS, 2021-I2M-1-055)
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2023年第58卷第4期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1130
  • 接收时间:2022-10-28
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-04-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-10-28
  • 修回日期:2022-12-28
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82273830)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(81872781)
中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程(CIFMS, 2021-I2M-1-055)
作者信息
    1.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院医药生物技术研究所, 国家新药微生物筛选实验室, 北京 100050
    2.江西中医药大学, 现代中药制剂教育部重点实验室, 江西 南昌 330004

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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