Article(id=1198624408467243772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198624396437975057, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1071, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1663862400000, receivedDateStr=2022-09-23, revisedDate=1672329600000, revisedDateStr=2022-12-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763703928342, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1678550400000, pubDateStr=2023-03-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763703928342, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763703928342, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763703928342, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198624396437975057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='804', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763703925474, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763704091914, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198625094596657875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198624396437975057, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198625094596657876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198624396437975057, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=750, endPage=759, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198624409218024241, articleId=1198624408467243772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Research on hypoglycemic activity of Osmanthus fragrans var. thunbergii extract, columnId=1190335348648547107, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Reviews, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to assess the hypoglycemic activity, and in vitro inhibition of α-glucosidase, inhibition of the advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and total antioxidant capacity were used to clarify its bioactivity. Furthermore, the potential hypoglycemic active chemical constituents in the aqueous extract of Osmanthus fragrans var. thunbergii flower were characterized using high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) method. The result showed that in vitro inhibition of α-glucosidase of the extract (IC50 = 2.11 ± 0.26 mg·mL-1) were similar to acarbose (IC50 = 2.88 ± 0.32 mg·mL-1), and it inhibited the AGEs formation and the total antioxidant capacity in a certain extent. Based on the MS fragmentation pathway analysis of reference chemical acteoside contained in this extract, and related references, 73 constituents were tentatively identified from the aqueous extract of Osmanthus fragrans var. thunbergii flower, including 58 phenylethanoids, 8 caffeoylquinic acids, 1 flavonoid vicenin-2, and 6 common organic chemicals in plant. Furthermore, 8 unknown alkaloids were characterized in this work. Among of these chemicals, 61 phenylethanoids were supposed to be detected for the first time. In conclusion, this work disclosed the potential hypoglycemic active constituents of Osmanthus fragrans var. thunbergii flower.

, correspAuthors=Li-juan SUN, Yong CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jun TONG, Hong-bing LIU, Ying-wei LIU, Fan ZHANG, Li-juan SUN, Yong CHEN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198624410568590269, articleId=1198624408467243772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS技术的金桂花降糖活性物质基础研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本文通过体外对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性、糖基化产物形成及抗氧化能力的影响, 综合评价了金桂花水提物的降糖活性, 并采用高效液相色谱-电喷雾-四极杆飞行时间串联质谱(HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) 技术对金桂花水提物的主要化学成分进行了定性分析。体外药理活性研究表明, 金桂花水提物对α-葡萄糖苷酶具有显著的抑制活性, 抑制率(IC50 = 2.11 ± 0.26 mg·mL-1) 与阿卡波糖相当(IC50 = 2.88 ± 0.32 mg·mL-1); 同时具有一定的抑制糖基化产物和抗氧化能力。金桂花水提物中化合物质谱定性分析主要参考对照品毛蕊花糖苷质谱裂解规律和相关文献, 鉴定出其中73个化合物, 包括58个苯乙醇苷类化合物, 8个咖啡酰奎宁酸类化合物, 1个黄酮类化合物和几个植物中常见有机化合物。本研究初步推测61种为桂花中首次发现的化合物, 其中8个目前尚无法鉴定结构的生物碱类化合物。研究结果为进一步阐明金桂花的降糖活性成分及制定科学的桂花质量控制标准提供了科学依据。

, correspAuthors=孙丽娟, 陈勇, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*孙丽娟, E-mail: ;
陈勇, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=3BaKaCXjWzOyX6yDCM4Tfw==, magXml=bPI2d/NeEDVFP4yVXJ/9Rw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=80ssDUN68v3S75s/3zHcLQ==, pdfFileSize=1136119, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=DcS+fwCEPFh9tRJRtpJwwQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Sn8aBS13RZIAtrJd55o15Q==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

#共同第一作者.

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National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Health Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702037094465610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624408467243772, companyId=1198702037081882697, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.湖北大学健康科学与工程学院, 药物高通量筛选技术国家地方联合工程研究中心, 中药生物技术湖北省重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430062)])]), Author(id=1198702037744582794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624408467243772, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198702037924937882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624408467243772, authorId=1198702037744582794, language=EN, stringName=Hong-bing LIU, firstName=Hong-bing, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2. State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198702038109487274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624408467243772, authorId=1198702037744582794, language=CN, stringName=刘红兵, firstName=红兵, middleName=null, lastName=刘, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, #, address=2.中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院, 波谱与原子分子物理国家重点实验室, 武汉磁共振中心, 湖北 武汉 430071, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198702037190934611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624408467243772, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702037199323221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624408467243772, companyId=1198702037190934611, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702037207711830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624408467243772, companyId=1198702037190934611, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院, 波谱与原子分子物理国家重点实验室, 武汉磁共振中心, 湖北 武汉 430071)])]), Author(id=1198702038306619577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624408467243772, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198702038466003149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624408467243772, authorId=1198702038306619577, language=EN, stringName=Ying-wei LIU, firstName=Ying-wei, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. 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Kaifeng: Henan University, 2013., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702050650456329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624408467243772, doi=10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103776, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=99, issue=null, pageStart=103776, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=Bioorg Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hamedi A, Pasdaran A, Pasdaran A, et al. A trisaccharide phenylethanoid glycoside from Scrophularia flava Grau with potential anti-type 2 diabetic properties by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzyme and decreasing oxidative stress[J]. 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J Ethnopharmacol, 2019, 235: 329-360., articleTitle=Medicinal plants with concomitant anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive effects as potential sources of dual acting therapies against diabetes and hypertension: a review, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1198702045063643967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624408467243772, awardId=31400304, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(31400304), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198702045281747786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624408467243772, awardId=T151203, language=CN, fundingSource=波谱与原子分子物理国家重点实验室开放项目(T151203), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198702037081882697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624408467243772, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702037090271304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624408467243772, companyId=1198702037081882697, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Health Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702037094465610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624408467243772, companyId=1198702037081882697, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.湖北大学健康科学与工程学院, 药物高通量筛选技术国家地方联合工程研究中心, 中药生物技术湖北省重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430062)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198702037190934611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624408467243772, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702037199323221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624408467243772, companyId=1198702037190934611, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702037207711830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624408467243772, companyId=1198702037190934611, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院, 波谱与原子分子物理国家重点实验室, 武汉磁共振中心, 湖北 武汉 430071)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1198702043021017717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624408467243772, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=25ZnfiikhewCUJT3sdLCeA==, figureFileBig=SI0VnElUX+getmhB8vkcAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702043188789895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624408467243772, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= The inhibitive effect of the aqueous extract from <i>O.</i> <i>fragrans</i> var. <i>thunbergii</i> on <i>α</i>-glucosidase activity , figureFileSmall=25ZnfiikhewCUJT3sdLCeA==, figureFileBig=SI0VnElUX+getmhB8vkcAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702043394310814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624408467243772, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=rAYMZsBF2J99C+SkDN7DQw==, figureFileBig=PgbYyL7sGA82MclYbTeUNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702043566277295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624408467243772, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Fluorescence intensity of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) at different concentrations of the aqueous extract from <i>O. fragrans</i> var. <i>thunbergii</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> control , figureFileSmall=rAYMZsBF2J99C+SkDN7DQw==, figureFileBig=PgbYyL7sGA82MclYbTeUNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702043713077955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624408467243772, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=/PaWM6zf5jm4JbQxwjfRpg==, figureFileBig=aOk8caz0Rp5inOkH3yluHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702043826324174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624408467243772, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= The TIC and UV 280 nm chromatograms of aqueous extract of <i>O. fragrans</i> var. <i>thunbergii</i>. The peak numbers are consistent with those in <a href="javascript:;" class="mag_content_a mag_xref_table" onclick="clickTabXref(this,'Table2')" rid="Table2">Table 2</a> , figureFileSmall=/PaWM6zf5jm4JbQxwjfRpg==, figureFileBig=aOk8caz0Rp5inOkH3yluHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702043947959003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624408467243772, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=7fjwC0gMyKIxTcRkEuOl7g==, figureFileBig=x6VN55/W0Sbu3d76zysoWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702044090565357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624408467243772, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= The MS/MS spectrum of acteoside , figureFileSmall=7fjwC0gMyKIxTcRkEuOl7g==, figureFileBig=x6VN55/W0Sbu3d76zysoWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702044296086267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624408467243772, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Content FRAP assay/mmol·g-1 ABTS assay/mmol·g-1
O. fragrans var.thunbergii 1.50 ± 0.13 0.73 ± 0.03
Fe2+ 1.00 ± 0.20 /
Vc / 5.74 ± 0.08
), ArticleFig(id=1198702044417721094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624408467243772, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

In vitro antioxidant capacity and free radical scavenging capacity of the aqueous extract from O. fragrans var. thunbergii ($\bar{x}$ ± s, n = 3). Vc: Vitamin C

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Content FRAP assay/mmol·g-1 ABTS assay/mmol·g-1
O. fragrans var.thunbergii 1.50 ± 0.13 0.73 ± 0.03
Fe2+ 1.00 ± 0.20 /
Vc / 5.74 ± 0.08
), ArticleFig(id=1198702044577104661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624408467243772, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Peak
No.
tR /min [M-H]- Fragment ion Chemical formula Identification Reference
Detected Expected
1 2.1 191.058 8 191.056 1 C7H11O6 Quinic acid 9
2 2.2 499.166 9 499.166 8 191.055 5, 181.069 9, 173.043 9 C19H31O15 Quinic acid derivative 9
3 5.9 315.108 5 315.108 5 153.052 1 C14H19O8 Hydroxytyrosol glucoside 9
4 7.4 461.166 5 461.166 4 315.102 2, 297.090 0, 179.053 4, 161.043 1, 135.044 1 C20H29O12 Verbasoside 10
5* 7.8 705.170 5 705.170 6 623.194 2 C29H37SO18 Acteoside sulfurous acid
6 8.2 299.112 0 299.113 6 119.047 5 C14H19O7 Salidroside 3, 6, 9
7 8.5 487.142 3 487.145 7 179.031 9, 161.022 0, 135.043 4 C21H28O13 Caffeoyl rhamnosyl glucoside 3, 9
8* 9.5 461.168 2 461.166 4 299.113 1, 179.051 0, 161.043 6 C20H29O12 Tyrosol diglucoside
9 9.6 431.155 5 431.155 8 299.109 9 C19H27O11 Osmanthuside H isomer
10* 9.7 337.093 8 337.092 9 163.041 2, 191.057 7 C16H17O8 3-Coumaroylquinic acid 11
11* 9.8 705.169 9 705.170 2 623.196 9, 461.161 7 C29H37SO18 Acteoside sulfurous acid
12* 10.0 431.155 3 431.155 9 392.110 6, 299.110 8, 179.051 4 C19H27O11 Osmanthuside H 10
13 10.5 353.087 6 353.087 8 191.057 6 C16H17O9 5-Caffeoylquinic acid 11
14* 10.8 705.170 1 705.170 6 623.195 1 C29H37SO18 Acteoside sulfurous acid
15* 11.4 705.169 9 705.170 6 623.196 1, 461.161 7 C29H37SO18 Acteoside sulfurous acid
16 11.5 353.087 6 353.087 8 191.052 3, 179.030 3, 173.041 7 C16H17O9 4-Caffeoylquinic acid 11
17*# 13.0 620.117 2 620.119 8 448.101 2, 422.084 6, 171.004 0 C34H22NO11 Alkaloid
18* 14.2 337.092 9 337.092 9 191.056 9, 163.035 4 C16H17O8 5-Coumaroylquinic acid 11
19* 14.6 337.092 7 337.092 9 191.052 4, 173.046 1, 163.037 7 C16H17O8 4-Coumaroylquinic acid 11
20* # 14.9 535.179 7 535.178 1 422.083 2, 371.132 5, 284.015 7, 220.057 8 C21H31N2O14 Alkaloid
21* 15.1 593.146 2 593.151 2 503.109 0, 473.101 6, 383.068 6, 353.059 0 C27H29O15 Vicenin-2
22*# 15.4 436.104 3 436.103 8 304.910 0, 272.053 7, 174.953 9 C23H18NO8 Alkaloid
23* 15.8 641.206 3 641.208 7 623.197 9, 461.166 6, 137.021 1 C29H37O16 Acteoside hydrator
24* 16.2 703.151 7 703.151 6 541.115 6 C32H31O18 Novel
25* 16.3 367.103 6 367.103 5 191.056 3, 173.045 3 C17H19O9 5-Feruloylquinic acid 11
26*# 16.5 450.115 8 450.116 5 422.085 3, 286.066 7, 220.055 6, 176.066 9 C24H20NO8 Alkaloid
27* 16.8 785.250 1 785.251 0 623.193 5, 161.018 5 C35H45O20 Echinacoside isomer 12
28 17.1 639.193 7 639.193 1 621.178 2, 529.153 4, 487.134 3, 179.031 3 C29H35O16 r-Suspensaside 9, 10
29 17.4 639.193 7 639.193 1 621.178 2, 529.150 9, 487.139 1, 459.147 5, 179.031 3, 161.022 0 C29H35O16 s-Suspensaside 9, 10
30* 17.6 459.092 3 459.093 3 413.081 5, 383.070 9, 321.021 9, 148.988 8 C22H19O11 Alkaloid
31* 17.9 785.251 1 785.251 0 623.198 1, 179.030 5, 161.023 4, 135.041 5 C35H45O20 Echinacoside isomer 12
32* 18.3 735.124 1 735.120 3 653.150 7, 487.133 1, 179.032 8 C32H31SO18 Novel
33*# 19.0 493.221 4 493.225 0 422.084 2, 284.014 3, 220.054 9, 149.041 6 C24H33N2O9 Alkaloid
34* 19.3 461.104 6 461.103 1 411.068 0, 291.079 1, 259.086 6, 230.988 8 C29H17O6 Alkaloid
35* 19.5 785.251 1 785.251 0 623.193 6, 161.017 2 C35H45O20 Echinacoside isomer 12
36* 19.7 637.172 5 637.171 5 475.139 8 C36H29O11 Novel
37* 20.0 569.221 7 569.224 0 329.136 0 C27H37O13 Novel
38* 20.4 785.252 7 785.251 0 623.193 6, 461.159 7, 161.017 2 C35H45O20 Echinacoside isomer 12
39*# 20.9 542.140 1 542.139 8 493.224 1, 422.082 0, 331.166 5, 284.018 7 C37H20NO4 Alkaloid
40* 21.5 755.237 2 755.240 4 593.210 0, 179.031 0, 161.022 8, 135.041 9 C34H43O19 Forsythoside B 13
41* 21.6 797.249 6 797.251 0 623.196 5, 461.148 4, 161.017 4 C36H45O20 Luteoside A 14
42*# 22.1 422.085 0 422.088 1 340.110 6, 284.016 2, 220.056 1, 176.067 2 C22H16NO8 Alkaloid
43 22.7 623.194 6 623.198 1 461.160 5, 179.029 2, 161.022 8, 133.027 7 C29H35O15 Acteoside 3, 6, 9, 10, 15, 16
44*# 23.4 739.208 1 739.209 1 623.193 8, 577.177 3, 461.165 4, 161.020 7 C33H39O19 Malated acteoside
45* 23.8 769.252 3 769.256 1 623.192 5, 607.226 8 C35H45O19 Ligupurpuroside A 17
46* 24.0 739.206 9 739.209 1 623.193 7, 161.022 5 C33H39O19 Malated acteoside
47 24.5 623.195 1 623.198 1 461.164 3, 179.032 7, 161.023 0, 133.027 7 C29H35O15 Isoacteoside 3, 6, 9, 10
48* 25.2 1 245.391 2 1 245.387 9 541.171 3, 461.165 9, 161.022 5 C58H69O30 Acteoside dimer
49* 25.2 665.208 1 665.208 7 161.023 7 C31H37O16 Acetylacteoside isomer 18
50* 25.5 607.203 9 607.203 2 445.167 2, 161.022 1 C29H35O14 Syringalide A 3′-O-rhamnoside 19
51 25.7 1 245.391 2 1 245.387 9 541.171 3, 461.165 9, 161.022 5 C58H69O30 Acteoside dimer
52* 25.8 607.202 4 607.203 2 461.164 3, 145.028 6 C29H35O14 Isosyringalide 3′-O-Rhamnoside 19
53* 25.8 929.240 4 929.241 6 C36H49O28 Acteoside derivative
54* 26.6 1 245.387 0 1 245.387 9 541.176 4, 461.166 0, 161.022 5 C58H69O30 Acteoside dimer
55* 26.7 637.212 6 637.213 7 461.162 6, 175.037 2 C30H37O15 Leucosceptoside A 12
56* 27.2 607.203 3 607.203 2 461.160 3, 145.031 3 C29H35O14 Isosyringalide 3′-O-rhamnoside isomer 19
57* 27.5 665.208 7 665.208 7 503.175 4, 461.167 0, 161.023 7 C31H37O16 Acetylacteoside isomer 18
58* 27.6 723.213 4 723.214 2 623.193 3, 561.176 8, 461.163 8, 161.024 1 C33H39O18 Succinylated acteoside
59* 28.0 1 245.387 2 1 245.387 9 541.176 4, 487.145 6, 461.166 0, 179.031 8, 161.022 5 C58H69O30 Acteoside dimer
60* 28.1 929.240 2 929.241 6 897.216 6, 847.267 8, 665.208 1, 623.195 6, 161.027 1 C36H49O28 Acteoside derivative
61* 28.5 1 245.384 0 1 245.387 9 541.168 8, 487.139 1, 461.167 5, 179.034 2, 161.023 0 C58H69O30 Acteoside dimer
62* 28.7 591.205 2 591.208 3 445.166 4, 299.111 5, 163.037 6, 145.029 5 C29H35O13 Osmanthuside B 4, 5, 18
63* 28.9 1 245.384 0 1 245.387 9 541.168 8, 487.142 2, 461.166 0, 179.034 2, 161.023 0 C58H69O30 Acteoside dimer
64* 29.0 685.235 1 685.234 9 565.165 4, 361.126 5 C31H41O17 Ligustroside 3′-O-glucoside isomer
65* 29.5 1 245.384 0 1 245.387 9 541.168 8, 487.145 4, 461.166 0, 179.032 5, 161.022 5 C58H69O30 Acteoside dimer
66 29.7 445.148 7 445.150 4 163.037 0, 145.027 3 C23H25O9 Osmanthuside A 4, 5
67 29.9 1 171.371 7 1 171.372 3 623.199 0 C52H67O30 Glucooleoacteoside 18
68*# 30.0 422.086 2 422.088 1 284.016 1, 220.057 8, 176.069 8 C22H16NO8 Alkaloid
69* 30.0 591.205 4 591.208 3 387.137 8, 163.038 0, 145.029 6 C29H35O13 Osmanthuside B isomer
70* 30.2 1 245.385 6 1 245.387 9 541.171 2, 487.139 4, 179.031 3, 161.021 6 C58H69O30 Acteoside dimer
71* 30.7 1 245.385 6 1 245.387 9 541.169 0, 487.139 7, 179.035 0, 161.022 5 C58H69O30 Acteoside dimer
72* 30.7 665.208 1 665.208 7 503.171 5, 361.126 4, 161.023 7 C31H37O16 Acetylacteoside isomer 18
73 30.7 1 009.341 0 1 009.340 6 847.278 1, 623.198 1 C43H61O27 Oleoacteoside 18
74* 31.0 591.205 1 591.208 3 C29H35O13 Osmanthuside B isomer 4, 5
75* 31.6 1 009.341 0 1 009.340 6 847.278 1, 623.198 1 C43H61O27 Oleoacteoside 18
76 32.5 685.235 7 685.234 9 565.174 7, 361.127 9, 291.079 8, 259.090 8, 223.055 9 C31H41O17 Ligustroside 3′-O-glucoside 20
77* 33.1 711.286 0 711.287 0 531.218 3, 487.224 8, 299.114 8 C34H47O16 Salidroside derivative
78 33.5 523.181 8 523.182 1 361.128 8, 291.081 7, 259.090 9, 223.055 4 C25H31O12 Ligustroside 6, 13
79 34.5 591.205 1 591.208 3 C29H35O13 Osmanthuside B isomer 4, 5
80* 35.3 1 009.341 0 1 009.340 6 847.278 1, 623.198 1 C43H61O27 Oleoacteoside isomer 18
81* 37.2 477.212 4 477.213 0 163.036 9, 145.026 4 C25H33O9 Osmanthuside A derivative
), ArticleFig(id=1198702044757459752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624408467243772, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

Compounds identified in O. fragrans var. thunbergii by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS in negative ion polarity modes. *Phenylethanoids first discovered from O. fragrans var. thunbergii; #Compounds about alkaloid first discovered from O. fragrans var. thunbergii

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Peak
No.
tR /min [M-H]- Fragment ion Chemical formula Identification Reference
Detected Expected
1 2.1 191.058 8 191.056 1 C7H11O6 Quinic acid 9
2 2.2 499.166 9 499.166 8 191.055 5, 181.069 9, 173.043 9 C19H31O15 Quinic acid derivative 9
3 5.9 315.108 5 315.108 5 153.052 1 C14H19O8 Hydroxytyrosol glucoside 9
4 7.4 461.166 5 461.166 4 315.102 2, 297.090 0, 179.053 4, 161.043 1, 135.044 1 C20H29O12 Verbasoside 10
5* 7.8 705.170 5 705.170 6 623.194 2 C29H37SO18 Acteoside sulfurous acid
6 8.2 299.112 0 299.113 6 119.047 5 C14H19O7 Salidroside 3, 6, 9
7 8.5 487.142 3 487.145 7 179.031 9, 161.022 0, 135.043 4 C21H28O13 Caffeoyl rhamnosyl glucoside 3, 9
8* 9.5 461.168 2 461.166 4 299.113 1, 179.051 0, 161.043 6 C20H29O12 Tyrosol diglucoside
9 9.6 431.155 5 431.155 8 299.109 9 C19H27O11 Osmanthuside H isomer
10* 9.7 337.093 8 337.092 9 163.041 2, 191.057 7 C16H17O8 3-Coumaroylquinic acid 11
11* 9.8 705.169 9 705.170 2 623.196 9, 461.161 7 C29H37SO18 Acteoside sulfurous acid
12* 10.0 431.155 3 431.155 9 392.110 6, 299.110 8, 179.051 4 C19H27O11 Osmanthuside H 10
13 10.5 353.087 6 353.087 8 191.057 6 C16H17O9 5-Caffeoylquinic acid 11
14* 10.8 705.170 1 705.170 6 623.195 1 C29H37SO18 Acteoside sulfurous acid
15* 11.4 705.169 9 705.170 6 623.196 1, 461.161 7 C29H37SO18 Acteoside sulfurous acid
16 11.5 353.087 6 353.087 8 191.052 3, 179.030 3, 173.041 7 C16H17O9 4-Caffeoylquinic acid 11
17*# 13.0 620.117 2 620.119 8 448.101 2, 422.084 6, 171.004 0 C34H22NO11 Alkaloid
18* 14.2 337.092 9 337.092 9 191.056 9, 163.035 4 C16H17O8 5-Coumaroylquinic acid 11
19* 14.6 337.092 7 337.092 9 191.052 4, 173.046 1, 163.037 7 C16H17O8 4-Coumaroylquinic acid 11
20* # 14.9 535.179 7 535.178 1 422.083 2, 371.132 5, 284.015 7, 220.057 8 C21H31N2O14 Alkaloid
21* 15.1 593.146 2 593.151 2 503.109 0, 473.101 6, 383.068 6, 353.059 0 C27H29O15 Vicenin-2
22*# 15.4 436.104 3 436.103 8 304.910 0, 272.053 7, 174.953 9 C23H18NO8 Alkaloid
23* 15.8 641.206 3 641.208 7 623.197 9, 461.166 6, 137.021 1 C29H37O16 Acteoside hydrator
24* 16.2 703.151 7 703.151 6 541.115 6 C32H31O18 Novel
25* 16.3 367.103 6 367.103 5 191.056 3, 173.045 3 C17H19O9 5-Feruloylquinic acid 11
26*# 16.5 450.115 8 450.116 5 422.085 3, 286.066 7, 220.055 6, 176.066 9 C24H20NO8 Alkaloid
27* 16.8 785.250 1 785.251 0 623.193 5, 161.018 5 C35H45O20 Echinacoside isomer 12
28 17.1 639.193 7 639.193 1 621.178 2, 529.153 4, 487.134 3, 179.031 3 C29H35O16 r-Suspensaside 9, 10
29 17.4 639.193 7 639.193 1 621.178 2, 529.150 9, 487.139 1, 459.147 5, 179.031 3, 161.022 0 C29H35O16 s-Suspensaside 9, 10
30* 17.6 459.092 3 459.093 3 413.081 5, 383.070 9, 321.021 9, 148.988 8 C22H19O11 Alkaloid
31* 17.9 785.251 1 785.251 0 623.198 1, 179.030 5, 161.023 4, 135.041 5 C35H45O20 Echinacoside isomer 12
32* 18.3 735.124 1 735.120 3 653.150 7, 487.133 1, 179.032 8 C32H31SO18 Novel
33*# 19.0 493.221 4 493.225 0 422.084 2, 284.014 3, 220.054 9, 149.041 6 C24H33N2O9 Alkaloid
34* 19.3 461.104 6 461.103 1 411.068 0, 291.079 1, 259.086 6, 230.988 8 C29H17O6 Alkaloid
35* 19.5 785.251 1 785.251 0 623.193 6, 161.017 2 C35H45O20 Echinacoside isomer 12
36* 19.7 637.172 5 637.171 5 475.139 8 C36H29O11 Novel
37* 20.0 569.221 7 569.224 0 329.136 0 C27H37O13 Novel
38* 20.4 785.252 7 785.251 0 623.193 6, 461.159 7, 161.017 2 C35H45O20 Echinacoside isomer 12
39*# 20.9 542.140 1 542.139 8 493.224 1, 422.082 0, 331.166 5, 284.018 7 C37H20NO4 Alkaloid
40* 21.5 755.237 2 755.240 4 593.210 0, 179.031 0, 161.022 8, 135.041 9 C34H43O19 Forsythoside B 13
41* 21.6 797.249 6 797.251 0 623.196 5, 461.148 4, 161.017 4 C36H45O20 Luteoside A 14
42*# 22.1 422.085 0 422.088 1 340.110 6, 284.016 2, 220.056 1, 176.067 2 C22H16NO8 Alkaloid
43 22.7 623.194 6 623.198 1 461.160 5, 179.029 2, 161.022 8, 133.027 7 C29H35O15 Acteoside 3, 6, 9, 10, 15, 16
44*# 23.4 739.208 1 739.209 1 623.193 8, 577.177 3, 461.165 4, 161.020 7 C33H39O19 Malated acteoside
45* 23.8 769.252 3 769.256 1 623.192 5, 607.226 8 C35H45O19 Ligupurpuroside A 17
46* 24.0 739.206 9 739.209 1 623.193 7, 161.022 5 C33H39O19 Malated acteoside
47 24.5 623.195 1 623.198 1 461.164 3, 179.032 7, 161.023 0, 133.027 7 C29H35O15 Isoacteoside 3, 6, 9, 10
48* 25.2 1 245.391 2 1 245.387 9 541.171 3, 461.165 9, 161.022 5 C58H69O30 Acteoside dimer
49* 25.2 665.208 1 665.208 7 161.023 7 C31H37O16 Acetylacteoside isomer 18
50* 25.5 607.203 9 607.203 2 445.167 2, 161.022 1 C29H35O14 Syringalide A 3′-O-rhamnoside 19
51 25.7 1 245.391 2 1 245.387 9 541.171 3, 461.165 9, 161.022 5 C58H69O30 Acteoside dimer
52* 25.8 607.202 4 607.203 2 461.164 3, 145.028 6 C29H35O14 Isosyringalide 3′-O-Rhamnoside 19
53* 25.8 929.240 4 929.241 6 C36H49O28 Acteoside derivative
54* 26.6 1 245.387 0 1 245.387 9 541.176 4, 461.166 0, 161.022 5 C58H69O30 Acteoside dimer
55* 26.7 637.212 6 637.213 7 461.162 6, 175.037 2 C30H37O15 Leucosceptoside A 12
56* 27.2 607.203 3 607.203 2 461.160 3, 145.031 3 C29H35O14 Isosyringalide 3′-O-rhamnoside isomer 19
57* 27.5 665.208 7 665.208 7 503.175 4, 461.167 0, 161.023 7 C31H37O16 Acetylacteoside isomer 18
58* 27.6 723.213 4 723.214 2 623.193 3, 561.176 8, 461.163 8, 161.024 1 C33H39O18 Succinylated acteoside
59* 28.0 1 245.387 2 1 245.387 9 541.176 4, 487.145 6, 461.166 0, 179.031 8, 161.022 5 C58H69O30 Acteoside dimer
60* 28.1 929.240 2 929.241 6 897.216 6, 847.267 8, 665.208 1, 623.195 6, 161.027 1 C36H49O28 Acteoside derivative
61* 28.5 1 245.384 0 1 245.387 9 541.168 8, 487.139 1, 461.167 5, 179.034 2, 161.023 0 C58H69O30 Acteoside dimer
62* 28.7 591.205 2 591.208 3 445.166 4, 299.111 5, 163.037 6, 145.029 5 C29H35O13 Osmanthuside B 4, 5, 18
63* 28.9 1 245.384 0 1 245.387 9 541.168 8, 487.142 2, 461.166 0, 179.034 2, 161.023 0 C58H69O30 Acteoside dimer
64* 29.0 685.235 1 685.234 9 565.165 4, 361.126 5 C31H41O17 Ligustroside 3′-O-glucoside isomer
65* 29.5 1 245.384 0 1 245.387 9 541.168 8, 487.145 4, 461.166 0, 179.032 5, 161.022 5 C58H69O30 Acteoside dimer
66 29.7 445.148 7 445.150 4 163.037 0, 145.027 3 C23H25O9 Osmanthuside A 4, 5
67 29.9 1 171.371 7 1 171.372 3 623.199 0 C52H67O30 Glucooleoacteoside 18
68*# 30.0 422.086 2 422.088 1 284.016 1, 220.057 8, 176.069 8 C22H16NO8 Alkaloid
69* 30.0 591.205 4 591.208 3 387.137 8, 163.038 0, 145.029 6 C29H35O13 Osmanthuside B isomer
70* 30.2 1 245.385 6 1 245.387 9 541.171 2, 487.139 4, 179.031 3, 161.021 6 C58H69O30 Acteoside dimer
71* 30.7 1 245.385 6 1 245.387 9 541.169 0, 487.139 7, 179.035 0, 161.022 5 C58H69O30 Acteoside dimer
72* 30.7 665.208 1 665.208 7 503.171 5, 361.126 4, 161.023 7 C31H37O16 Acetylacteoside isomer 18
73 30.7 1 009.341 0 1 009.340 6 847.278 1, 623.198 1 C43H61O27 Oleoacteoside 18
74* 31.0 591.205 1 591.208 3 C29H35O13 Osmanthuside B isomer 4, 5
75* 31.6 1 009.341 0 1 009.340 6 847.278 1, 623.198 1 C43H61O27 Oleoacteoside 18
76 32.5 685.235 7 685.234 9 565.174 7, 361.127 9, 291.079 8, 259.090 8, 223.055 9 C31H41O17 Ligustroside 3′-O-glucoside 20
77* 33.1 711.286 0 711.287 0 531.218 3, 487.224 8, 299.114 8 C34H47O16 Salidroside derivative
78 33.5 523.181 8 523.182 1 361.128 8, 291.081 7, 259.090 9, 223.055 4 C25H31O12 Ligustroside 6, 13
79 34.5 591.205 1 591.208 3 C29H35O13 Osmanthuside B isomer 4, 5
80* 35.3 1 009.341 0 1 009.340 6 847.278 1, 623.198 1 C43H61O27 Oleoacteoside isomer 18
81* 37.2 477.212 4 477.213 0 163.036 9, 145.026 4 C25H33O9 Osmanthuside A derivative
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基于HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS技术的金桂花降糖活性物质基础研究
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童俊 1, # , 刘红兵 2, # , 刘颖伟 1 , 张帆 1 , 孙丽娟 1, * , 陈勇 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2023,58(3): 750-759
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2023, 58(3): 750-759
基于HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS技术的金桂花降糖活性物质基础研究
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童俊1, #, 刘红兵2, #, 刘颖伟1, 张帆1, 孙丽娟1, * , 陈勇1, *
作者信息
  • 1.湖北大学健康科学与工程学院, 药物高通量筛选技术国家地方联合工程研究中心, 中药生物技术湖北省重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430062
  • 2.中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院, 波谱与原子分子物理国家重点实验室, 武汉磁共振中心, 湖北 武汉 430071

通讯作者:

*孙丽娟, E-mail: ;
陈勇, E-mail:
Research on hypoglycemic activity of Osmanthus fragrans var. thunbergii extract
Jun TONG1, Hong-bing LIU2, Ying-wei LIU1, Fan ZHANG1, Li-juan SUN1, * , Yong CHEN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Health Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
  • 2. State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
出版时间: 2023-03-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1071
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本文通过体外对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性、糖基化产物形成及抗氧化能力的影响, 综合评价了金桂花水提物的降糖活性, 并采用高效液相色谱-电喷雾-四极杆飞行时间串联质谱(HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) 技术对金桂花水提物的主要化学成分进行了定性分析。体外药理活性研究表明, 金桂花水提物对α-葡萄糖苷酶具有显著的抑制活性, 抑制率(IC50 = 2.11 ± 0.26 mg·mL-1) 与阿卡波糖相当(IC50 = 2.88 ± 0.32 mg·mL-1); 同时具有一定的抑制糖基化产物和抗氧化能力。金桂花水提物中化合物质谱定性分析主要参考对照品毛蕊花糖苷质谱裂解规律和相关文献, 鉴定出其中73个化合物, 包括58个苯乙醇苷类化合物, 8个咖啡酰奎宁酸类化合物, 1个黄酮类化合物和几个植物中常见有机化合物。本研究初步推测61种为桂花中首次发现的化合物, 其中8个目前尚无法鉴定结构的生物碱类化合物。研究结果为进一步阐明金桂花的降糖活性成分及制定科学的桂花质量控制标准提供了科学依据。

金桂花  /  降糖  /  α-葡萄糖苷酶  /  抗糖基化  /  抗氧化

This study aimed to assess the hypoglycemic activity, and in vitro inhibition of α-glucosidase, inhibition of the advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and total antioxidant capacity were used to clarify its bioactivity. Furthermore, the potential hypoglycemic active chemical constituents in the aqueous extract of Osmanthus fragrans var. thunbergii flower were characterized using high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) method. The result showed that in vitro inhibition of α-glucosidase of the extract (IC50 = 2.11 ± 0.26 mg·mL-1) were similar to acarbose (IC50 = 2.88 ± 0.32 mg·mL-1), and it inhibited the AGEs formation and the total antioxidant capacity in a certain extent. Based on the MS fragmentation pathway analysis of reference chemical acteoside contained in this extract, and related references, 73 constituents were tentatively identified from the aqueous extract of Osmanthus fragrans var. thunbergii flower, including 58 phenylethanoids, 8 caffeoylquinic acids, 1 flavonoid vicenin-2, and 6 common organic chemicals in plant. Furthermore, 8 unknown alkaloids were characterized in this work. Among of these chemicals, 61 phenylethanoids were supposed to be detected for the first time. In conclusion, this work disclosed the potential hypoglycemic active constituents of Osmanthus fragrans var. thunbergii flower.

Osmanthus fragrans var. thunbergii  /  anti-hyperglycemic  /  α-glucosidase  /  anti-glycosylation  /  anti-oxidant
童俊, 刘红兵, 刘颖伟, 张帆, 孙丽娟, 陈勇. 基于HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS技术的金桂花降糖活性物质基础研究. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (3) : 750 -759 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1071
Jun TONG, Hong-bing LIU, Ying-wei LIU, Fan ZHANG, Li-juan SUN, Yong CHEN. Research on hypoglycemic activity of Osmanthus fragrans var. thunbergii extract[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (3) : 750 -759 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1071
桂花(Osmanthus fragrans) 别称岩桂、木犀, 是木犀科(Oleaceae) 木犀属(Osmanthus) 植物, 广泛分布在我国长江流域及其以南地区, 资源十分丰富。以花色和开花季节作为划分依据, 桂花可被分为金桂、银桂、丹桂和四季桂四大品种群。据《本草纲目》记载, 其味甘、辛, 性温, 具有疏肝理气、祛痰止咳和顺肺开胃的功效。桂花在我国有悠久的种植与应用历史, 它不仅是一种优良的园林树种, 还在香料、食品和医药等方面有广泛应用[1-3]。近年来从桂花的叶、花、果实、皮、籽及地上部分共分离并得到183种化学成分, 包括黄酮类、酚类、萜类、木脂素类、苯丙素类、有机酸及部分甾醇和生物碱类, 并发现其中一些化合物具有抗炎、抑菌、抗氧化、降血糖、降血脂、抗癌等生物活性[4, 5]
金桂花(Osmanthus fragrans var. thunbergii, 以下简写O. fragrans var. thunbergii) 花色呈金黄色, 香气浓郁, 是桂花的主要品种群[6]。桂花是我国大众广为使用药食两用药材, 其中以桂花开水冲饮最为简单和常见。因此本文研究了金桂花水提物体外对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性、糖基化产物形成及自由基清除能力的影响, 综合评价了金桂花水提物的降糖活性, 并采用高效液相色谱-电喷雾-四极杆飞行时间串联质谱(HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) 技术对金桂花水提物的主要化学成分进行了定性分析, 探讨了金桂降血糖的物质基础, 为深入开展金桂花的食用和药用研究, 以及质量控制标志物研究提供了实验基础。
仪器与试剂  Agilent 1200高效液相色谱仪(在线脱气单元、四元泵、自动进样器、二极管阵列检测器等部件组成, 美国Agilent公司); micrOTOF-Q质谱仪(德国Bruker Daltonic公司); HH-W600三用恒温水箱(江苏金坛中大仪器厂); TDL-5-A台式离心机(上海安亭科学仪器厂); TriStar LB 941微孔多功能分析仪(德国Berthold Technologies公司); DZF-6021真空干燥箱(上海精密科学仪器有限公司); BP211D电子天平(德国Sartorius公司); RB-3000B旋转蒸发仪(上海亚荣生化仪器厂); FD-1A-50冷冻干燥机(北京博医康实验仪器有限公司); YDS-35-125液氮生物容器(四川成都金凤液氮容器有限公司); SK250HP超声波振荡仪(上海科导超声仪器有限公司)。
自由基清除实验试剂盒(ABTS)、总抗氧化实验试剂盒(FRAP) 购自上海碧云天生物科技有限公司; α-葡萄糖苷酶、4-硝基苯基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(PNPG)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、氨基胍、丙酮醛(MGO) 购自美国Sigma公司; 牛血清白蛋白(BSA)、青霉素-链霉素(penicillin-streptomycin solution, 双抗) 购自浙江吉诺生物医药技术有限公司; 阿卡波糖购自上海阿拉丁公司; 色谱纯乙腈购自美国TEDIA公司; 毛蕊花糖苷(acteoside) 购自成都麦德生科技有限公司; 其余试剂购自国药集团化学试剂有限公司; HPLC用水为实验室Millipore超纯水器制备的18.2 MΩ超纯水。
试药  金桂花为广西桂林市售, 经过湖北大学药物高通量筛选国家地方联合工程研究中心陈勇教授鉴定为木犀科木犀属植物金桂(Osmanthus fragrans var. thunbergii) 的干燥花, 样本现保存于湖北大学中药生物技术省重点实验室样本库(No. 20210713)。
金桂花水提物制备与样品溶液制备  称取金桂花样品10 g于250 mL烧杯中, 加入60 ℃温水100 mL浸润后, 放入装有60 ℃温水的超声提取器以30 kHz提取30 min, 过滤收集滤液后, 滤渣再用60 ℃温水80 mL超声提取30 min, 过滤并合并两次提取滤液, 静置放冷后冷冻干燥得金黄色无定形粉末提取物, 放入棕色干燥器中备用。
称取7.5 mg金桂花干燥提取物, 转移至2 mL EP管, 用移液器加入超纯水1.5 mL, 充分振摇使样品充分溶解, 然后以0.22 μm微孔滤膜滤过, 将滤液收集于2 mL Agilent棕色样品瓶中, 以备液相色谱分析。
α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制实验[7]  以PNPG为底物, 阿卡波糖为阳性对照, 用DMSO-PBS (1∶9, pH 6.8) 配制不同浓度(1、2、4和8 mg·mL-1) 的金桂花水提物, 加入α-葡萄糖苷酶(0.5 U·mL-1), 于37 ℃恒温反应10 min, 然后加入PNPG (5.0 mmol·L-1), 37 ℃恒温反应20 min, 最后加入Na2CO3溶液(0.3 mol·L-1) 终止反应, 在405 nm检测吸收度(A) 值, 并依据公式1计算化合物对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制率:
$\alpha-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率 (\%)=1-\left[\left(A_{\text {样 }}-A_{\text {样空 }}\right)/\left(A_{\text {酶 }}-\right.\right.\left.\left.A_{\text {酶空 }}\right)\right] \times 100 \% $
抗糖基化能力测定[8]  避光条件下, 将60 mmol·L-1 MGO溶液1 mL和1 mL的不同浓度(2.5、5、7.5、10和12.5 mg·mL-1) 金桂花水提物溶液混合。空白对照组溶液中加入1 mL PBS, 阳性对照组加入1 mL不同浓度的氨基胍溶液, 于37 ℃光照培养箱中孵育2 h。孵育后, 加入BSA (30 mg·L-1) 溶液1 mL混匀, 随后加入将一定量的双抗, 于37 ℃光照培养箱中孵育6天, 在激发波长355 nm, 发射波长460 nm的条件下测定不同浓度组的荧光值, 计算金桂花水提物抑制糖基化的IC50
抗氧化活性的测定
FRAP实验  使用FRAP试剂盒进行检测, 实验结果用FeSO4标准溶液的相对浓度来表示, 即同样的吸收度下, 待测物浓度与标准品FeSO4的浓度倍数表示。
ABTS实验  使用ABTS试剂盒进行检测, 实验结果以Trolox等效抗氧化能力(trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity, TEAC) 来表示, 即同样的吸收度下, 待测物浓度与标准品Trolox的浓度倍数表示。
金桂花水提物的主要化学成分分析  HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS分析中, 二极管阵列检测器(DAD) 与质谱检测器为并联方式, 即样品溶液经色谱柱分离后的洗脱液经三通分流, 95%洗脱液进入DAD检测器检测, 5%洗脱液进入电喷雾离子源后进行质谱检测。
LC-MS条件  色谱条件: 色谱柱为Eclipse XD-C18 (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), 流动相由含0.1%甲酸的超纯水(A) 和色谱纯乙腈(B) 组成, 进样量10 μL, 流速1.0 mL·min-1, 柱温35 ℃。梯度洗脱程序如下: 0 min, 5% B相; 40 min, 40% B相。DAD检测器的波长范围设置为190~690 nm, 其中固定监测波长为254和280 nm。
质谱条件: 电喷雾(ESI) 离子源, 毛细管电压4 000 V, 雾化气(N2) 压力0.8 bar (1 bar = 0.1 MPa), 干燥气(N2) 流速8.0 L·min-1, 干燥氮气温度200 ℃, 质量扫描范围100~1 600 Da, 分别以正和负离子模式采集数据。质谱数据采用外标法进行质量轴校正, 即在色谱系统死时间2 min内, 泵10 μL·min-1甲酸钠溶液(0.2 min) 校正液, 质谱数据采集完成后, 以甲酸钠校正液为外标对采集的质谱数据进行质量轴校正。
首先根据Data Analysis 4.0软件中Dissect功能对一级质谱TIC数据进行分解, 软件自动分解出若干化合物, 然后在自动模式下采集二级质谱数据。
数据分析  降糖活性药理学实验数据均来自3次独立重复实验, 数据用mean ± SD表示。组间数据比较采用SPSS 17.0软件进行t检验。
以PNPG为底物, 阿卡波糖为阳性对照, 不同浓度金桂花水提物对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制能力如图 1所示。金桂花水提物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的IC50值为2.11 mg·mL-1, 强于阳性对照药物阿卡波糖(IC50值为2.88 mg·mL-1), 表明金桂花水提物有较强的体外抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的能力。
不同浓度金桂花水提物对糖基化终产物(advanced glycation end products, AGEs) 形成的影响如图 2所示。结果表明, 金桂花水提物浓度依赖性地抑制了AGEs生成, IC50值为(9.90 ± 0.08) mg·mL-1, 表明金桂花水提物具有一定的抑制AGEs形成的能力。
分别利用FRAP法和ABTS法评价了金桂花水提物的体外抗氧化能力(表 1)。结果表明, 金桂花水提物抗氧化能力为对应浓度Fe2+的1.49倍, 自由基清除能力相当于维生素C的13%, 说明金桂花水提物的体外抗氧化活性不明显。
对比采集的正、负两种模式质谱数据发现, 负离子模式下(图 3), 金桂花水提取物溶液中酚类化合物(苯乙醇苷与咖啡酰奎宁酸类) 有着良好的质谱响应, 准分子离子峰和碎片离子强度均有高强度响应, 使得化合物的质谱鉴定相对容易; 而正离子模式下, 这些化合物的质谱图中会出现二聚离子峰、加合离子峰及二价离子峰, 对化合物准分子离子峰的确定及结构鉴定产生干扰, 因此本文主要对负离子模式下高分辨质谱数据进行了充分分析。结合对照品毛蕊花糖苷的二级质谱特征和相关参考文献[3, 6, 9-20], 初步鉴定出金桂花水提物中73个化合物, 并标注出8种生物碱类化合物, 各化合物的实测值与理论值误差均在3 mDa之内(表 2)。73种初步鉴定的化合物中包含58个苯乙醇苷类、8个咖啡酰奎宁酸类、1个黄酮维采宁-2和6个植物中常见有机化合物。比对桂花研究文献综述[4, 5], 以及桂花提取物质谱鉴定相关文献[3, 6, 9, 10, 12, 13, 16, 18-23], 初步确认其中61种为首次从桂花中发现。
通过比对标准品毛蕊花糖苷在色谱保留时间和质谱特征, 确认TIC中保留时间为22.6 min的色谱峰为毛蕊花糖苷。毛蕊花糖苷的二级质谱(图 4), 根据精确质量推测其裂解途径为准分子离子峰m/z 623.1980在碰撞下脱去咖啡酰基产生特征碎片离子m/z 461.166 0, 脱去的咖啡酰基继续脱水产生特征碎片离子m/z 161.022 8 [15, 16]
保留时间24.4 min的色谱峰具有与毛蕊花糖苷相同准分子离子峰与碎片离子, 根据桂花文献报道[3, 6], 推测该物质为异毛蕊花糖苷。
保留时间7.4和9.5 min的色谱峰是一对准分子离子分别为m/z 461.166 5和461.168 2的同分异构体, 根据精确质量推测其分子式为C20H30O12。这对化合物具有与毛蕊花糖苷的碎片离子m/z 461.166 0具有相同的质量, 可能具有相似的结构。7.4 min同分异构体二级质谱中, 产生碎片离子m/z 315.102 2和299.113 1, 推测为分别脱去鼠李糖和葡萄糖基团后产生, 因此, 保留时间7.4 min的色谱峰应为桂花中已知化合物verbasoside[9]。而9.5 min同分异构体二级质谱中主要碎片离子为m/z 299.113 1, 推测为准分子离子峰脱去葡萄糖基团后产生, 而m/z 299.113 1为与红景天苷(salidroside) 的准分子离子峰(化学式C14H19O7, 理论值299.113 6) 具有相同结构, 因此推测此化合物为酪醇二糖苷, 推测为桂花中首次发现的化合物。
在9.6和10.0 min检测到一对准分子离子峰, 分别为431.155 5和431.155 3的同分异构体, 根据精确质量推测其分子式为C19H28O11。此同分异构体均有m/z 299.109 9和299.110 6碎片离子, 提示其结构中有红景天苷结构片段, 因此推测10.0 min含量较高的异构体为桂花中已知化合物桂叶苷H (osmanthuside H)[4, 5, 9], 9.6 min异构体为桂花中首次发现的桂叶苷H异构体。
在15.8 min检测到准分子离子峰m/z 641.206 3, 根据精确质量推测分子式为C29H38O16。其二级质谱产生碎片离子m/z 623.197 9、461.166 6和137.022 1, 根据准分子离子峰m/z 641.206 3与碎片离子m/z 623.197 9的质量差推测其为毛蕊花糖苷水合物, 可能为水加成的位点推测为咖啡酰基团上的双键, 为桂花中首次发现的化合物。
在16.8、17.9、19.5和20.4 min分别检测到准分子离子峰m/z 785.250 1、785.251 1、785.251 1和785.252 7的四个同分异构体, 根据质谱特征推测其分子式为C35H46O20。这四个色谱峰的二级质谱均有m/z 623.198 0 (理论值, 化学式C29H35O15)、461.166 0 (理论值, 化学式C20H29O12) 和161.024 4 (化学式C9H5O3, 理论值m/z 161.024 4), 故推测为毛蕊花糖苷的四个葡萄糖衍生物。厚朴中曾经分离出毛蕊花糖苷的葡萄糖衍生物松果菊苷(echinacoside)[12]。本研究发现的松果菊苷和/或同分异构体为桂花中首次发现。
在17.1和17.4 min检测到一对准分子离子峰m/z 639.193 7同分异构体, 其二级质谱具有相同碎片, 根据桂花参考文献[9, 10], 分别指认为r-和s-suspensaside。
在21.5 min检测到准分子离子m/z 755.237 2的色谱峰, 其二级质谱碎片m/z 593.190 1、179.031 0、161.022 8、135.041 9, 根据准分子离子峰精确质量推测分子式为C34H44O19, 根据准分子峰与碎片离子m/z 593.210 0的质量差, 推测此化合物结构容易脱去外周[C9H6O3] 碎片; 而碎片离子m/z 179.031 0、161.022 8、135.041 9进一步证实结构中存在咖啡酸结构片段, 根据此特征苯乙醇苷类化合物连翘酯苷B (forsythoside B) 符合此特征[13], 为桂花中首次发现的化合物。
在21.6 min检测到准分子离子峰m/z 797.249 6化合物, 根据其精确分子量推测其分子式为C36H45O20。其二级质谱碎片m/z 623.196 5、461.148 4、161.017 4, 根据精确质量推测为毛蕊花糖苷衍生物, 分子式为C36H46O20。根据此结构特征, 推测此化合物可能为luteoside A[14], 为桂花中首次发现的化合物。
在23.4和24.0 min分别检测到准分子离子峰m/z 739.208 1和739.206 9的一对同分异构体, 根据准分子离子峰精确质量推测分子式为C33H40O19。23.4 min化合物二级质谱碎片m/z 623.195 3、577.177 2、461.162 3和161.017 4, 其中m/z 577.177 2为准分子离子峰失去外周[C9H6O3] 片段后产生的碎片离子, 而24.0 min的化合物二级质谱仅有m/z 623.193 7与161.022 5这两个碎片离子, 表明两化合物结构有一定差别。这对同分异构体的分子式, 与毛蕊花糖苷分子式相差[C4H4O4], 推测化合物为苹果酰毛蕊花糖苷(malated acteoside), 为桂花提取物中首次检测到的新化合物。
在23.8 min检测到m/z 769.252 3, 根据准分子离子峰精确质量推测分子式为C35H46O19。其二级质谱碎片m/z 623.195 3和607.226 8, 其中m/z 607.226 8为准分子离子峰失去外周[C9H6O3] 片段后的碎片离子, 根据质谱特征推测此化合物可能为紫茎女贞苷A (ligupurpuroside A)[17], 为桂花中首次检测到的化合物。
在25.5、25.8和27.2 min分别检测到准分子离子峰m/z 607.203 8、607.202 4和607.203 3的三个同分异构体, 根据精确质量推测分子式为C30H36O14同分异构体, 比毛蕊花糖苷的分子式少一个氧原子。25.8和27.2 min的两个化合物的二级质谱主要碎片离子m/z 461.1660 (化学式C20H29O12, 理论质量461.166 4)、145.028 0 (化学式C9H5O2, 理论质量145.029 5) 和161.017 4。根据毛蕊花糖苷的裂解规律, 推测m/z 145.028 0为准分子离子峰脱去的对羟基肉桂酸进一步失去一个水分子后产生的碎片离子。因此推测这两个化合物为isosyringalide 3′-O-rhamnoside及其同分异构体, 其分子式比毛蕊花糖苷少一个氧原子。而25.5 min化合物的二级质谱主要碎片离子为m/z 445.167 2 (化学式C20H29O11, 理论质量445.171 5) 与161.017 4 (化学式C9H5O3, 理论值m/z 161.024 4), m/z 445.167 2与461.166 0之间精确质量差正好为一个氧原子, 因此推测此化合物为syringalide A 3′-O-rhamnoside[19]。根据桂花文献综述[4, 5], 这三个化合物为首次在金桂花中检测出。
在26.7 min检测到准分子离子峰m/z 637.212 6, 根据精确质量推测分子式为C30H38O15。根据其二级质谱碎片离子m/z 461.162 6和175.037 2, 推测其为毛蕊花糖苷类似物, 根据碎片离子m/z 175.037 2与161.024 4的精确质量差, 确定为一个亚甲基的差别, 从而推测m/z 175.037 2来自于阿魏酰基团, 因此推测此化合物为米团花苷A (leucosceptoside A)[12], 为首次从桂花中检测到的已知化合物。
在25.2、27.5和30.6 min分别检测到准分子离子峰m/z 665.208 6、665.210 7和665.205 8三个化合物, 根据精确质量推测分子式为C31H38O16, 比毛蕊花糖苷分子式相比多一个乙酰基[3]。25.2 min化合物的强度较低, 其二级质谱仅观察到m/z 161.024 4碎片离子, 而27.5 min的化合物二级质谱中碎片离子有m/z 503.175 4、461.167 0和161.023 7, 30.6 min的化合物二级质谱中碎片离子m/z 503.171 5和161.023 7。从碎片离子m/z 503.175 4 (化学式C22H31O13, 理论质量503.177 0), 可知乙酰基连接在脱咖啡酰毛蕊花糖苷残基(化学式C20H29O12, 理论值m/z 461.166 4) 上。目前的质谱数据, 难以推断出更具体的乙酰基团连接位点。迄今为止, 2-乙酰毛蕊花糖苷、6-乙酰毛蕊花糖苷和4″-乙酰毛蕊花糖苷等三个乙酰毛蕊花糖苷[3, 18]的文献报道, 桂花仅分离出4″-乙酰毛蕊花糖苷, 因此本研究在桂花中又发现两种乙酰毛蕊花糖苷。
在27.6 min检测到准分子离子峰为m/z 723.213 4的化合物, 根据精确质量推测其分子式为C33H40O18。其二级质谱有m/z 623.201 1、561.179 1、461.163 7和161.024 1等碎片离子, 根据碎片离子m/z 561.179 1精确推测其为准分子离子峰脱去咖啡酰基后产生。此化合物与毛蕊花糖苷分子式相比多[C4H4O3] 片段, 推测为琥珀酰毛蕊花糖苷(succinylated acteoside), 为桂花中首次发现, 并可确认为新化合物。
在25.8和28.1 min检测到准分子离子峰分别为m/z 929.240 4和929.240 2的一对同分异构体, 根据精确质量推测其分子式为C36H50O28。28.1 min化合物的二级质谱中有m/z 897.216 6、847.267 8、665.208 1、623.195 6、561.179 1、461.163 7和161.024 1等碎片离子, 可推测此化合物为毛蕊花糖苷衍生物。这两个化合物为桂花中首次发现, 确认为植物中发现的新化合物。
在28.7、30.0、31.0和34.5 min分别检测到准分子离子峰为m/z 591.208 4、591.205 4、591.205 1和591.205 4的同分异构体, 根据精确质量推测其分子式为C29H36O13。28.7 min化合物的二级质谱有m/z 445.166 4、299.111 5、163.037 6和145.029 5等碎片离子, 推测m/z 299.111 5为红景天苷负离子, m/z 163.038 0为对羟基肉桂酸负离子, 而m/z 145.029 6为对羟基肉桂酸脱水产生的碎片离子, 因此推测此化合物为桂叶苷B。30.0 min同分异构体的二级质谱有m/z 387.137 8、163.038 0和145.029 6碎片离子。而31.0和34.5 min两个同分异构体含量较低而未得到有效二级质谱。因此推测后三个化合物为桂叶苷B同分异构体。在桂花中仅发现桂叶苷B[4, 18], 另三种同分异构体尚未见文献报道, 为桂花中首次检测出桂叶苷B同分异构体。
在29.7 min检测到准分子离子峰m/z 445.148 7的化合物, 根据精确质量推测分子式为C23H26O9。根据二级质谱中碎片离子m/z 163.037 0和145.027 4, 推测为桂花中已知化合物桂叶苷A[4]
在29.9 min检测到准分子离子峰m/z 1171.372 3的化合物, 根据其精确质量推测其分子式为C52H68O30。推测此化合物为桂花分离出的苯乙醇苷类化合物glucooleoacteoside[18]
在30.7、31.6和35.4 min检测准分子离子峰为m/z 1 009.341 0的三个同分异构体, 根据精确质量推测分子式为C43H62O27。三个同分异构体的二级质谱中m/z 623.198 1和461.165 2碎片离子, 证实其为毛蕊花糖苷衍生物。桂花中曾分离出化合物oleoacteoside满足此化合物的分子式特征[18], 因此猜测30.7 min为oleoacteoside, 另外两个同分异构体为桂花中首次发现的oleoacteoside同分异构体。
在33.1 min检测到准分子离子峰m/z 711.286 0的化合物, 根据其精确质量推测其分子式为C34H48O16。其二级质谱中有m/z 531.218 3、487.224 8、299.114 8等碎片离子, 其中m/z 531.218 3和487.224 8质量相差44 Da, 为脱羧基过程, 而m/z 299.114 0 (化学式C14H19O7, 理论值m/z 299.113 6) 提示结构中可能有红景天苷基团, 暂推测此化合物为红景天苷衍生物。桂花提取物中未见此化合物文献报道, 为首次检测到的化合物。
在33.5 min检测到准分子离子峰为523.181 8的化合物, 根据精确质量推测其分子式为C25H32O12。其二级质谱中有m/z 361.128 8、291.081 7、259.090 9、223.055 4等碎片离子, 其中m/z 361.128 8 (化学式C19H21O7, 理论质量为361.129 3) 为准分子离子峰脱去葡萄糖残基产生, 因此推测其为桂花中已知化合物女贞苷(ligustroside)[6, 10]
在29.0和32.5 min分别检测到准分子离子峰为m/z 685.235 1和685.235 7的一对同分异构体, 根据精确质量推测其分子式为C31H42O17。在32.5 min异构体的二级质谱中母离子裂解成m/z 565.174 7、361.127 9、291.079 8、259.090 8与223.055 9等碎片离子, 其中m/z 361.127 9 (化学式C19H21O7, 理论质量为361.129 3) 为准分子离子峰脱去二糖单元后产生的碎片, 而m/z 565.174 7为(化学式C23H33O16, 理论质量为565.177 4) 准分子离子峰脱去苯乙醇基后产生, 因此鉴定为桂花中已知化合物女贞苷3′-氧-葡萄糖苷[20]。29.0 min异构体质谱强度较低, 其二级质谱仅观察到碎片离子m/z 361.126 5, 因此暂鉴定为桂花中首次发现的女贞苷3′-氧-葡萄糖苷同分异构体。
在37.2 min检测到准分子离子峰m/z 477.212 4的化合物, 根据精确质量推测其分子式为C25H34O9。其二级质谱中有m/z 163.036 9和145.026 4碎片离子, 提示结构中有羟基肉桂酸片段, 推测结构为桂叶苷A类似物, 为桂花中首次发现的化合物。
除这些苯乙醇苷类化合物外, 还在25.2、25.7、26.6、28.0、28.5、28.9、29.5、30.2和30.7 min检测到一系列毛蕊花糖苷二聚体存在, 一级质谱中可观察到单电荷离子m/z 1 245.385 3 (化学式C58H69O30, 理论质量1 245.387 9) 和双电荷离子m/z 622.188 8 (理论质量m/z 622.190 3), 推测毛蕊花糖苷单元之间以醚键形式连接, 这类化合物尚未见文献报道。在双电荷离子m/z 622.190 3 (理论质量) 的二级质谱中, 有m/z 1 083.356 6、541.171 2、487.139 7、179.031 3、161.024 4等碎片离子, 其中m/z 1083.356 6 (化学式C49H63O27, 理论质量m/z 1 035.356 2) 为准分子离子峰脱去咖啡酸酰基团后碎片, 而m/z 487.139 7可能为caffeoyl rhamnosyl glucoside。
此外, 在桂花中还检测到一类苯乙醇苷类和亚硫酸的复合物。在7.8、9.6、10.8、11.4 min检测到准分子离子峰m/z 705.169 9、705.167 2、705.166 8、705.170 2的同分异构体, 为桂花中首次发现的化合物。在二级质谱中, 这些同分异构体裂解产生m/z 623.198 1 (化学式C29H35O15理论质量)、461.166 4 (化学式C20H29O12理论质量)、161.024 4 (化学式C9H5O3理论质量), 确定这类化合物为毛蕊花糖苷的衍生物, 并根据准分子离子精确质量推测其为含硫元素的化合物, 化学式为C29H37SO18。在18.3 min检测到准分子离子峰为m/z 735.124 1的化合物, 为桂花中首次发现的化合物。在二级质谱中, 此化合物产生m/z 653.150 7、487.133 1、179.032 8等碎片离子, 其中碎片离子m/z179.032 8提示结构中有咖啡酸基团, 根据精确质量推测此同样为含硫元素的化合物, 化学式为C32H31SO18
咖啡酰奎宁酸类是植物中常见一类酚类化合物, 质谱技术在鉴定这类物质有成熟的文献可参考[11], 本研究桂花中存在8个咖啡酰奎宁酸类化合物。在2.1 min检测到准分子离子峰m/z 191.058 8, 根据精确质量推测为奎宁酸。在2.2 min检测到准分子离子峰m/z 499.166 9, 其二级质谱产生碎片离子m/z 191.055 5、181.069 9和173.043 9, 推测其为奎宁酸衍生物。在10.5和11.5 min检测到准分子离子峰m/z 353.087 8, 以及二级质谱特征碎片, 分别鉴定为5-咖啡酰奎宁酸和4-咖啡酰奎宁酸。在9.7、14.2、14.6 min检测到准分子离子峰m/z 337.092 9 (化学式C16H17O8精确质量), 根据二级质谱产生的碎片离子, 分别鉴定为3-肉桂酰奎宁酸、5-肉桂酰奎宁酸和4-肉桂酰奎宁酸。在16.3 min检测到准分子离子峰367.103 6, 根据其二级质碎片离子, 鉴定为5-阿魏酰奎宁酸。
高分辨质谱数据分析中, 发现一些准分子离子或碎片离子名义质量为偶数的碎片离子, 根据氮规则, 推测水提取物中含有8种含生物碱类(含氮) 化合物, 为桂花中首次检测发现。木樨植物中仅分离得到极少数含氮化合物[4, 5], 这些已知含氮化合物的分子式与本研究检测到的化合物均不相同, 因此判断这8种含氮化合物为桂花中首次检测发现。这8个化合物的碎片离子中有若干共同的碎片离子m/z 422.084 6、284.016 2、220.054 9, 表明这些化合物在结构上的相关性。迄今为止, 仅从桂花中分离出极少含氮化合物, 与本研究中检测到的化合物无关联性, 因此缺乏足够信息去推测其结构与裂解途径, 暂无法鉴定其结构。
越来越多的研究发现, 植物中次生代谢产物可以通过多种途径发挥降血糖作用, 如清除自由基、脂质抗氧化、抑制肠道消化酶类、促进胰岛素合成与分泌、抑制葡萄糖转运、调节肠菌群等多种方式, 降低人体内血糖水平[24, 25]α-葡萄糖苷酶是水解多糖的关键酶类, 在碳水化合物代谢和糖蛋白加工中起到关键作用, 其抑制剂(AGI) 可抑制小肠内α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性, 延缓或抑制葡萄糖在肠道的吸收, 从而有效控制餐后血糖水平[26]。临床上使用的AGI种类较少, 且存在各种不同的不良反应, 如广泛应用的阿卡波糖、伏格列波糖、米格列醇存在腹泻、肠胃不适、腹痛等不良反应, 米格列醇还能导致少数患者出现皮疹和低血清铁浓度[21]。AGEs是葡萄糖等还原糖与脂质、蛋白质或游离氨基酸之间的非酶促反应的终产物, 体内过量蓄积的AGEs不仅可以激活NF-κB、ERK1/2等炎症通路, 还可与其受体结合, 抑制细胞色素c的抗氧化活性以及ATP的生成, 同时降低细胞膜的去极化, 从而促进胰岛素抵抗和β细胞受损, 产生糖调节受损和炎症反应, 最终导致糖尿病及其并发症[27]。2型糖尿病的发生发展与氧化应激具有密切关联, 当过多的自由基在体内积累时会引发氧化应激反应, 对胰岛β细胞造成氧化损伤和胰岛素抵抗。抗氧化剂能淬灭糖尿病患者体内的自由基, 改善氧化应激, 进而治疗2型糖尿病[28]。文献[29]报道桂花甲醇提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶活性及AGEs生成具有较强抑制作用, 从中分离的亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、油酸、α-紫罗酮和β-紫罗兰酮的抑制能力均高于阳性对照阿卡波糖与氨基胍, 不同品种桂花的叶和花的石油醚提取物具有抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性[13], 桂花醇提取物可以上调谷氨酸和6-OHDA的含量来降低AKT的蛋白表达, 从而起到神经保护和抗氧化的作用[30]。本研究发现金桂花水提物抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶强于阿卡波糖, 且能浓度依赖性地抑制AGE生成, 提示金桂花具有潜在地预防和治疗糖尿病作用。但本文发现金桂花水提物体外抗自由基的能力并不明显, 这与文献[21, 26, 31]报道的桂花水提物和甲醇提取物对DPPH和ABTS具有较强的清除自由基活性有差异, 提示不同桂花品种, 其生理活性有差别。
施余杰[32]发现桂花提取物的乙酸乙酯和/或正丁醇部位具有良好的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性, 并从中分离出了对α-葡萄糖苷酶具有良好抑制活性的齐墩果酸与熊果酸。吴立鹏等[22]总结了已发现的572种苯乙醇苷类化合物, 这类化合物药理活性广泛, 涉及抗菌、抗癌、抗糖尿病、抗炎、抗肥胖、抗氧化、抗病毒和神经保护等, Hamedi等[33]也报道了一种黄霉三糖苯乙醇苷具有抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶及氧化应激的活性, 但这类化合物的生物利用度均较差。文献[19]报道从管花肉苁蓉(Cistanche tubulosa) 茎中分离出的松果菊苷、毛蕊花糖苷等苯乙醇苷类化合物松果菊苷、毛蕊花糖苷具有降低小鼠餐后血糖, 改善糖耐受的活性。毛蕊花糖苷具有抑制AGEs生成活性[34], 毛蕊花糖苷和异毛蕊花糖苷还具有葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂活性[23]。本研究从金桂花水提物中鉴定出了以毛蕊花糖苷为代表的58种苯乙醇苷类化合物, 其中51种苯乙醇苷类化合物是首次从金桂花水提物中发现。此外, 本研究中金桂花水提物色谱图中, 毛蕊花糖苷为强度最高色谱峰, 亦有文献[3, 6, 10]表明毛蕊花糖苷为桂花中含量最高的化合物。本研究推测以毛蕊花糖苷为代表的苯乙醇苷类化合物可能是金桂花水提物抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性与AGEs形成的重要活性物质。
桂花中含氮类化合物的文献[5]报道较少, 本研究从金桂花水提物中鉴定出8种未见文献报道的含氮类化合物。目前对这类化合物的结构与活性还知之甚少, 因此根据本实验结果, 有必要对金桂花苯乙醇苷类化合物和含氮类化合物进行降糖活性筛选研究, 进一步揭示金桂花提取物降糖活性物质基础。
作者贡献: 童俊和刘红兵负责实验设计、实验实施以及文章的撰写; 刘颖伟和张帆参与数据分析; 孙丽娟和陈勇负责文章的审阅和提出论文写作的建议, 并最终定稿。
利益冲突: 所有作者和贡献者声明本研究内容没有任何利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(31400304)
  • 波谱与原子分子物理国家重点实验室开放项目(T151203)
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1071
  • 接收时间:2022-09-23
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-03-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-23
  • 修回日期:2022-12-30
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(31400304)
波谱与原子分子物理国家重点实验室开放项目(T151203)
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    1.湖北大学健康科学与工程学院, 药物高通量筛选技术国家地方联合工程研究中心, 中药生物技术湖北省重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430062
    2.中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院, 波谱与原子分子物理国家重点实验室, 武汉磁共振中心, 湖北 武汉 430071

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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