Article(id=1198624411940123461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198624396437975057, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1057, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1663084800000, receivedDateStr=2022-09-14, revisedDate=1666540800000, revisedDateStr=2022-10-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763703929171, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1678550400000, pubDateStr=2023-03-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763703929171, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763703929171, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763703929171, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198624396437975057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='804', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763703925474, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763704091914, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198625094596657875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198624396437975057, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198625094596657876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198624396437975057, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=711, endPage=720, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198624412321805159, articleId=1198624411940123461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Hepatoprotective activity of cis-(trans)-emodin-emodin dianthrone from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., columnId=1190335348648547107, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Reviews, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The cis-emodin-emodin dianthrone (compound 1) and trans-emodin-emodin dianthrone (compound 2) were extracted from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. The protective effect and mechanism of compound 1 and compound 2 (emodin-emodin dianthrones) on acute liver injury induced by concanavalin A (ConA) in ICR mice was first investigated. The results indicated that emodin-emodin dianthrones at 1 mg·kg-1 significantly reduced serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level (P < 0.05). Emodin-emodin dianthrones also improved liver histopathological damage in liver-injured mice. The level of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) mRNA in liver was significantly reduced by 1 mg·kg-1 of emodin-emodin dianthrones, while the level of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) mRNA expression was significantly increased (P < 0.05). The protective activity of compounds 1 and 2 against hepatocyte injury was further evaluated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced hepatocyte injury. Compounds 1 and 2 significantly inhibited H2O2-induced hepatocyte injury and reduced the levels of ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in cell culture. Compounds 1 and 2 also significantly improved the cell survival rate and decreased H2O2-induced oxidative stress in hepatocytes. Compound 1 (0.5 µmol·L-1) significantly increased the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in hepatocytes (P < 0.01), and 0.5 µmol·L-1 of compound 2 significantly decreased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased SOD enzyme activity, and glutathione (GSH) content (P < 0.01). Compounds 1 and 2 at 0.5 µmol·L-1 also inhibited hepatocyte apoptosis by increasing the protein expression ratio of Bcl-2/Bax (P < 0.05) and decreasing the protein expression ratio of cleaved caspase-3 and pro caspase-3 (P < 0.05). This study indicates that the emodin-emodin dianthrones from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. have liver-protective activity. Compounds 1 and 2 exerted hepatoprotective effects by inhibiting apoptosis and oxidative stress. The study provides an important material basis for the hepatoprotective effect of commonly used amounts of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.

, correspAuthors=Jian-bo YANG, Hua SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zhi-wei CHEN, Jian-bo YANG, Zi-han CHEN, Shuang-cheng MA, Hua SUN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198624414641254440, articleId=1198624411940123461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=何首乌中顺式(反式)-大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮肝保护活性研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

顺式-大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮(化合物1) 和反式-大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮(化合物2) 均从何首乌的干燥块根中分离得到。在本研究中, 首先评价了化合物12的混合样品(大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮) 对刀豆蛋白A (concanavalin A, ConA) 诱导ICR小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用及可能的作用机制。结果表明, 大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮在1 mg·kg-1可显著降低肝损伤小鼠血清谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase, ALT) 和谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase, AST) 水平(P < 0.05), 改善肝组织病理损伤。1 mg·kg-1大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮还能显著降低肝组织Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bcl-2 assaciated X protein, Bax) mRNA水平, 同时升高B淋巴细胞瘤-2 (B-cell lymphoma-2, Bcl-2) mRNA表达水平(P < 0.05)。进一步利用过氧化氢(H2O2) 诱导的肝细胞损伤模型评价化合物12对肝细胞损伤的保护活性。结果表明, 化合物12可显著抑制H2O2诱导的肝细胞损伤, 降低细胞培养上清转氨酶ALT、AST及碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase, ALP)、乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) 水平, 提高细胞存活率。化合物12显著改善H2O2诱导的肝细胞氧化应激状态, 0.5 µmol·L-1化合物1可显著提高肝细胞内超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD) 的酶活力(P < 0.01), 0.5 µmol·L-1化合物2可显著降低细胞内活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 含量、提高SOD酶活力和还原型谷胱甘肽(glutathione, GSH) 的含量(P < 0.01)。同时, 0.5 µmol·L-1化合物12可通过提高Bcl-2/Bax蛋白表达比例(P < 0.05)、降低剪切体半胱天冬酶3 (cleaved caspase-3) 和前体胱天蛋白酶3 (pro caspase-3) 的比例抑制肝细胞凋亡(P < 0.05)。本研究表明, 何首乌中大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮成分具有抗肝组织损伤活性, 其中化合物12可通过抑制细胞凋亡和氧化应激发挥肝保护作用。本研究为常用量何首乌肝补益功效提供了重要的物质基础。本研究中所有动物实验在开展前经过中国医学科学院药物研究所实验动物管理和使用委员会(IACUC) 的审查批准。

, correspAuthors=杨建波, 孙华, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*孙华, Tel: 86-10-50927122, E-mail: ;
杨建波, Tel: 86-10-53852102, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=tWhdcj0SWBTrqzLfBZEBhQ==, magXml=wmMbF8z72POHgtXH6JYxuQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=RgCwMHT2H12DUefrqBC2mw==, pdfFileSize=3742089, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=kldwmLkIgsp16UKTttOAtA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=+YuIGih9p/rXM+d6uynymA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=陈智伟, 杨建波, 陈子涵, 马双成, 孙华)}, authors=[Author(id=1198702054156894784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198702054286918222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, authorId=1198702054156894784, language=EN, stringName=Zhi-wei CHEN, firstName=Zhi-wei, middleName=null, lastName=CHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198702054400164437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, authorId=1198702054156894784, language=CN, stringName=陈智伟, firstName=智伟, middleName=null, lastName=陈, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198702053867487778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702053880070691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, companyId=1198702053867487778, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702053922013735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, companyId=1198702053867487778, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050)])]), Author(id=1198702054517604959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=yangjianbo@nifdc.org.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198702054668599917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, authorId=1198702054517604959, language=EN, stringName=Jian-bo YANG, firstName=Jian-bo, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, *, address=2. National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198702054853149308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, authorId=1198702054517604959, language=CN, stringName=杨建波, firstName=建波, middleName=null, lastName=杨, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, *, address=2.中国食品药品检定研究院, 北京 100050, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198702054035259954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702054043648564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, companyId=1198702054035259954, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702054047842869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, companyId=1198702054035259954, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国食品药品检定研究院, 北京 100050)])]), Author(id=1198702055025115792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198702055159333533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, authorId=1198702055025115792, language=EN, stringName=Zi-han CHEN, firstName=Zi-han, middleName=null, lastName=CHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198702055285162666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, authorId=1198702055025115792, language=CN, stringName=陈子涵, firstName=子涵, middleName=null, lastName=陈, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198702053867487778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702053880070691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, companyId=1198702053867487778, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702053922013735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, companyId=1198702053867487778, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050)])]), Author(id=1198702055461323447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198702055679427275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, authorId=1198702055461323447, language=EN, stringName=Shuang-cheng MA, firstName=Shuang-cheng, middleName=null, lastName=MA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2. National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198702055847199448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, authorId=1198702055461323447, language=CN, stringName=马双成, firstName=双成, middleName=null, lastName=马, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.中国食品药品检定研究院, 北京 100050, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198702054035259954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702054043648564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, companyId=1198702054035259954, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702054047842869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, companyId=1198702054035259954, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国食品药品检定研究院, 北京 100050)])]), Author(id=1198702056023360230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=sunhua@imm.ac.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198702056270824178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, authorId=1198702056023360230, language=EN, stringName=Hua SUN, firstName=Hua, middleName=null, lastName=SUN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1. State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198702056426013437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, authorId=1198702056023360230, language=CN, stringName=孙华, firstName=华, middleName=null, lastName=孙, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198702053867487778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702053880070691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, companyId=1198702053867487778, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702053922013735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, companyId=1198702053867487778, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1198702056832860961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Polygoni multiflori radix), Keyword(id=1198702056983855918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=apoptosis), Keyword(id=1198702057180988222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=oxidative stress), Keyword(id=1198702057352954708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=liver injury), Keyword(id=1198702057524921190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=emodin-emodin dianthrone), Keyword(id=1198702057684304762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=何首乌), Keyword(id=1198702057906602890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=细胞凋亡), Keyword(id=1198702058120512417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=氧化应激), Keyword(id=1198702058309256113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=肝损伤), Keyword(id=1198702058485416904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮)], refs=[Reference(id=1198702063824765264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, doi=10.1016/j.cub.2017.09.019, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=27, issue=null, pageStart=1147, pageEnd=1151, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=Curr Biol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Trefts E, Gannon M, Wasserman DH. The liver[J]. Curr Biol, 2017, 27: 1147-1151., articleTitle=The liver, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702063996731743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, doi=10.1111/apt.15579, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=51, issue=null, pageStart=90, pageEnd=109, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=Aliment Pharmacol Ther, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Palmer M, Regev A, Lindor K, et al. Consensus guidelines: best practices for detection, assessment and management of suspected acute drug-induced liver injury occurring during clinical trials in adults with chronic cholestatic liver disease[J]. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2020, 51: 90-109., articleTitle=Consensus guidelines: best practices for detection, assessment and management of suspected acute drug-induced liver injury occurring during clinical trials in adults with chronic cholestatic liver disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702064168698217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, doi=10.1016/j.jhep.2019.03.004, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=71, issue=null, pageStart=212, pageEnd=221, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=J Hepatol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xiao J, Wang F, Wong NK, et al. Global liver disease burdens and research trends: analysis from a Chinese perspective[J]. J Hepatol, 2019, 71: 212-221., articleTitle=Global liver disease burdens and research trends: analysis from a Chinese perspective, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702064315498867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, doi=10.1038/s41401-020-0360-3, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=42, issue=null, pageStart=27, pageEnd=35, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=Acta Pharmacol Sin, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rao T, Liu YT, Zeng XC, et al. The hepatotoxicity of Polygonum multiflorum: the emerging role of the immune-mediated liver injury[J]. Acta Pharmacol Sin, 2021, 42: 27-35., articleTitle=The hepatotoxicity of Polygonum multiflorum: the emerging role of the immune-mediated liver injury, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702064533602693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=19, issue=null, pageStart=728, pageEnd=732, url=https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YWJJ202207007.htm, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=Chin J Pharmacov (中国药物警戒), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen ZH, Yang JB, Chen ZW, et al. Hepatotoxicity of alcohol extract Polygoni Multiflori Radix and related monomer compositions in liver cells[J]. Chin J Pharmacov (中国药物警戒), 2022, 19: 728-732., articleTitle=Hepatotoxicity of alcohol extract Polygoni Multiflori Radix and related monomer compositions in liver cells, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702064680403339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, doi=10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110524, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=131, issue=null, pageStart=110524, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=Biomed Pharmacother, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li HY, Yang JB, Li WF, et al. In vivo hepatotoxicity screening of different extracts, components, and constituents of Polygoni Multiflori Thunb. in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae[J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2020, 131: 110524., articleTitle=In vivo hepatotoxicity screening of different extracts, components, and constituents of Polygoni Multiflori Thunb. in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702064793649556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=261, issue=null, pageStart=113, pageEnd=121, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=J Ethnopharmacol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xue X, Quan Y, Gong L, et al. A review of the processed Polygonum multiflorum (Thunb.) for hepatoprotection: clinical use, pharmacology and toxicology[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2020, 261: 113-121., articleTitle=A review of the processed Polygonum multiflorum (Thunb.) for hepatoprotection: clinical use, pharmacology and toxicology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702064940450213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=271, issue=null, pageStart=113, pageEnd=164, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=J Ethnopharmacol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Teka T, Wang L, Gao J, et al. Polygonum multiflorum: recent updates on newly isolated compounds, potential hepatotoxic compounds and their mechanisms[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2021, 271: 113-164., articleTitle=Polygonum multiflorum: recent updates on newly isolated compounds, potential hepatotoxic compounds and their mechanisms, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702065070473646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=7, issue=null, pageStart=60, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=Plants (Basel), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Saier C, Büchter C, Koch K, et al. Polygonum multiflorum extract exerts antioxidative effects and increases life span and stress resistance in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans via DAF-16 and SIR-2.1[J]. Plants (Basel), 2018, 7: 60., articleTitle=Polygonum multiflorum extract exerts antioxidative effects and increases life span and stress resistance in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans via DAF-16 and SIR-2.1, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702065234051515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, doi=10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.058, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=188, issue=null, pageStart=13, pageEnd=20, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=J Ethnopharmacol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ahn SM, Kim HN, Kim YR, et al. Emodin from Polygonum multiflorum ameliorates oxidative toxicity in HT22 cells and deficits in photothrombotic ischemia[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2016, 188: 13-20., articleTitle=Emodin from Polygonum multiflorum ameliorates oxidative toxicity in HT22 cells and deficits in photothrombotic ischemia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702065385046472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=44, issue=null, pageStart=4277, pageEnd=4284, url=https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGZY202121006.htm, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=China J Chin Mater Med (中国中药杂志), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qi XJ, Zhou RJ, Liu HP, et al. Analysis on regularity of traditional Chinese patent medicine in treating hyperlipidemia[J]. China J Chin Mater Med (中国中药杂志), 2019, 44: 4277-4284., articleTitle=Analysis on regularity of traditional Chinese patent medicine in treating hyperlipidemia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702065569595863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=12, issue=null, pageStart=23, pageEnd=53, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=Nutrients, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jung S, Son H, Hwang CE, et al. The root of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. alleviates non-alcoholic steatosis and insulin resistance in high fat diet-fed mice[J]. Nutrients, 2020, 12: 23-53., articleTitle=The root of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. alleviates non-alcoholic steatosis and insulin resistance in high fat diet-fed mice, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702065724785130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, doi=10.1016/j.fct.2016.07.035, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=108, issue=null, pageStart=407, pageEnd=418, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=Food Chem Toxicol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li H, Wang X, Liu Y, et al. Hepatoprotection and hepatotoxicity of Heshouwu, a Chinese medicinal herb: context of the paradoxical effect[J]. Food Chem Toxicol, 2017, 108: 407-418., articleTitle=Hepatoprotection and hepatotoxicity of Heshouwu, a Chinese medicinal herb: context of the paradoxical effect, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702065867391477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, doi=10.1186/s13020-021-00463-w, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=16, issue=null, pageStart=51, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=Chin Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang JB, Song YF, Liu Y, et al. UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS assay for the quantification of dianthrones as potential toxic markers of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb: applications for the standardization of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) with endogenous toxicity[J]. Chin Med, 2021, 16: 51., articleTitle=UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS assay for the quantification of dianthrones as potential toxic markers of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb: applications for the standardization of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) with endogenous toxicity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702066035163652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=25, issue=null, pageStart=402, pageEnd=408, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=Methods, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Livak JK, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-ΔΔCT method[J]. Methods, 2002, 25: 402-408., articleTitle=Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-ΔΔCT method, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702066169381394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=15, issue=null, pageStart=817, pageEnd=828, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=EXCLI J, refType=null, unstructuredReference=McGill MR. The past and present of serum aminotransferases and the future of liver injury biomarkers[J]. EXCLI J, 2016, 15: 817-828., articleTitle=The past and present of serum aminotransferases and the future of liver injury biomarkers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702066337153572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1995, volume=21, issue=null, pageStart=190, pageEnd=198, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=Hepatology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gantner F, Leist M, Lohse AW, et al. Concanavalin A-induced T-cell-mediated hepatic injury in mice: the role of tumor necrosis factor[J]. Hepatology, 1995, 21: 190-198., articleTitle=Concanavalin A-induced T-cell-mediated hepatic injury in mice: the role of tumor necrosis factor, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702066467177010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=11, issue=null, pageStart=3029, pageEnd=3038, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=Am J Transl Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang H, Bai Y, Gao M, et al. Hepatoprotective effect of capsai-cin against concanavalin A-induced hepatic injury via inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation[J]. Am J Transl Res, 2019, 11: 3029-3038., articleTitle=Hepatoprotective effect of capsai-cin against concanavalin A-induced hepatic injury via inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702066672697926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=10, issue=null, pageStart=228, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=Plants (Basel), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ibrahim SRM, Sirwi A, Eid BG, et al. Summary of natural products ameliorate concanavalin A-induced liver injury: structures, sources, pharmacological effects, and mechanisms of action[J]. Plants (Basel), 2021, 10: 228., articleTitle=Summary of natural products ameliorate concanavalin A-induced liver injury: structures, sources, pharmacological effects, and mechanisms of action, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702066840470101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=21, issue=null, pageStart=363, pageEnd=383, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sies H, Jones DP. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) as pleiotropic physiological signalling agents[J]. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2020, 21: 363-383., articleTitle=Reactive oxygen species (ROS) as pleiotropic physiological signalling agents, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702068040041062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=152, issue=null, pageStart=116, pageEnd=141, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=Free Radic Biol Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen Z, Tian R, She Z, et al. Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease[J]. Free Radic Biol Med, 2020, 152: 116-141., articleTitle=Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702068161675891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=null, pageStart=206, pageEnd=220, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=Trends Pharmacol Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Spitz AZ, Gavathiotis E. Physiological and pharmacological modulation of BAX[J]. Trends Pharmacol Sci, 2022, 43: 206-220., articleTitle=Physiological and pharmacological modulation of BAX, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702068329448065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1999, volume=6, issue=null, pageStart=99, pageEnd=104, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=Cell Death Differ, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Porter AG, Jänicke RU. Emerging roles of caspase-3 in apoptosis[J]. Cell Death Differ, 1999, 6: 99-104., articleTitle=Emerging roles of caspase-3 in apoptosis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702068463665803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=36, issue=null, pageStart=489, pageEnd=517, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=Annu Rev Immunol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Nagata S. Apoptosis and clearance of apoptotic cells[J]. Annu Rev Immunol, 2018, 36: 489-517., articleTitle=Apoptosis and clearance of apoptotic cells, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702068589494940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=21, issue=null, pageStart=85, pageEnd=100, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bock FJ, Tait SWG. Mitochondria as multifaceted regulators of cell death[J]. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2020, 21: 85-100., articleTitle=Mitochondria as multifaceted regulators of cell death, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1198702062230929688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, awardId=81973476, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(81973476), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198702062390313250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, awardId=2021-I2M-1-028, language=CN, fundingSource=中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程重大协同创新项目(2021-I2M-1-028), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198702063514386739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, awardId=2021-I2M-1-029, language=CN, fundingSource=中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程重大协同创新项目(2021-I2M-1-029), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198702053867487778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702053880070691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, companyId=1198702053867487778, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702053922013735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, companyId=1198702053867487778, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198702054035259954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702054043648564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, companyId=1198702054035259954, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702054047842869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, companyId=1198702054035259954, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国食品药品检定研究院, 北京 100050)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1198702058837738478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=N+GIMICS9ctJwEJlXb9wrw==, figureFileBig=hyYlVJD6Eogeci6H5O0lrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702059013899251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Chemical structures of compound <strong>1</strong> (A) and <strong>2</strong> (B) , figureFileSmall=N+GIMICS9ctJwEJlXb9wrw==, figureFileBig=hyYlVJD6Eogeci6H5O0lrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702059273945095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=qJX5b6Aoo0rPlsDBh6/p1Q==, figureFileBig=OLURBb/Pmjx3SxWWikJoyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702059429134360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Effect of emodin-emodin dianthrones on the status of mice. A: Animal body weight after drug administration; B: Liver index of mice; C: Spleen index of mice. <i>n</i> = 8, mean ± SEM. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05 <i>vs</i> the control group; <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> the ConA model group. ConA: Concanavalin A , figureFileSmall=qJX5b6Aoo0rPlsDBh6/p1Q==, figureFileBig=OLURBb/Pmjx3SxWWikJoyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702059592712233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=d4PzAmBbwgVn+dp29Ucs7w==, figureFileBig=DSIxBZo4bBcGd2Gc6whQ+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702059764678707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Serum transaminase levels. A: Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum; B: Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum. <i>n</i> = 8, mean ± SEM. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05 <i>vs</i> the control group; <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05 <i>vs</i> the ConA model group , figureFileSmall=d4PzAmBbwgVn+dp29Ucs7w==, figureFileBig=DSIxBZo4bBcGd2Gc6whQ+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702059898896452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=G6NgLgET6Z7v9rtbZRgaZA==, figureFileBig=N+dmiVsgW6t5prDWxyadaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702060045697108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Representative images HE staining of liver. A: Control; B: ConA model; C: Bicyclol 200 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>; D: Emodin-emodin dianthrones 0.1 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>; E: Emodin-emodin dianthrones 1 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup> , figureFileSmall=G6NgLgET6Z7v9rtbZRgaZA==, figureFileBig=N+dmiVsgW6t5prDWxyadaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702060196692069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ro9HiBUSNsJCPKermkg0jQ==, figureFileBig=VoKJuddL2h2ynk3J9FJZjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702060469321845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Expression level of mRNA in mouse liver tissue. A: NF-<i>κ</i>B; B: TNF-<i>α</i>; C: ICAM-1; D: Bcl-2; E: Bax; F: The mRNA ratio of Bcl-2 and Bax. <i>n</i> = 3, mean ± SEM. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> the control group; <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> the ConA model group , figureFileSmall=ro9HiBUSNsJCPKermkg0jQ==, figureFileBig=VoKJuddL2h2ynk3J9FJZjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702060582568069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=zpCid7QJ0P+pu4fQBSVYeA==, figureFileBig=fSGfpgvMiGNdUmOZqCNuEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702060720980118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= Compounds 1 and 2 alleviated H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced hepatotoxicity. A, B: Effect of compounds 1 and 2 on the viability of HepG2 cells; C, D: Effect of compounds 1 and 2 on the viability of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced damage in HepG2 cells; E-H: Levels of ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in cell culture medium. GSH: Glutathione. <i>n</i> = 5, mean ± SEM. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> the control group; <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> model , figureFileSmall=zpCid7QJ0P+pu4fQBSVYeA==, figureFileBig=fSGfpgvMiGNdUmOZqCNuEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702060867780767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=hygSgoianJElbKQz9GHFiA==, figureFileBig=V5Eq2BY3qIiKFQs3SI2XGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702061014581414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, language=CN, label=Figure 7, caption= Compounds 1 and 2 alleviated H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced oxidative stress. A: Level of GSH in HepG2 cells; B: Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity in HepG2 cells; C: 2', 7'-Dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence intensity (FI). <i>n</i> = 6, mean ± SEM. <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> the control group; <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> model , figureFileSmall=hygSgoianJElbKQz9GHFiA==, figureFileBig=V5Eq2BY3qIiKFQs3SI2XGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702061173964987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=vEbBNdzQ2kjDc4DNpqjgeg==, figureFileBig=gJXxfJxMH8b4flDY+9JhdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702061299794118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, language=CN, label=Figure 8, caption= Compounds <strong>1</strong> and <strong>2</strong> alleviated H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced apoptosis. A: Representative images of flow cytometry Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis assay; B: Proportion of apoptotic cells detected by flow cytometry; C: Representative captures of JC-1 staining; D: FI of JC-1. <i>n</i> = 3, mean ± SEM. <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> the control group; <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> model , figureFileSmall=vEbBNdzQ2kjDc4DNpqjgeg==, figureFileBig=gJXxfJxMH8b4flDY+9JhdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702061513703637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=XHYefRGBnAj5yUaT0ztMVg==, figureFileBig=De7QNQJBmOT7/2ixJaxChQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702061668892899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, language=CN, label=Figure 9, caption= The effect of compounds <strong>1</strong> and <strong>2</strong> on cellular protein expression. A, B: Representative Western blot brands and density analysis of Bcl-2 and Bax; C: The density analysis of Bcl-2/Bax; D, E: Representative Western blot brands and density analysis of pro caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3; F: The density analysis of cleaved caspase-3/pro caspase-3. <i>n</i> = 3, mean ± SEM. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> the control group; <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> model , figureFileSmall=XHYefRGBnAj5yUaT0ztMVg==, figureFileBig=De7QNQJBmOT7/2ixJaxChQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702061811499249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene Forward primer Reverse primer
Bax AGACAGGGGCCTTTTTGCTAC AATTCGCCGGAGACACTCG
NF-κB ATGGCAGACGATGATCCCTAC CGGAATCGAAATCCCCTCTGTT
Bcl-2 GCTACCGTCGTGACTTCGC CCCCACCGAACTCAAAGAAGG
ICAM-1 TCCGCTACCATCACCGTGTAT TAGCCAGCACCGTGAATGTG
TNF-α CAGGCGGTGCCTATGTCTC CGATCACCCCGAAGTTCAGTAG
β-Actin GTGACGTTGACATCCGTAAAGA GCCGGACTCATCGTACTCC
), ArticleFig(id=1198702061962494206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624411940123461, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primer sequence used for real-time quantitative PCR. Bax: Bcl-2 assaciated X protein; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa-B; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma-2; ICAM-1: Intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene Forward primer Reverse primer
Bax AGACAGGGGCCTTTTTGCTAC AATTCGCCGGAGACACTCG
NF-κB ATGGCAGACGATGATCCCTAC CGGAATCGAAATCCCCTCTGTT
Bcl-2 GCTACCGTCGTGACTTCGC CCCCACCGAACTCAAAGAAGG
ICAM-1 TCCGCTACCATCACCGTGTAT TAGCCAGCACCGTGAATGTG
TNF-α CAGGCGGTGCCTATGTCTC CGATCACCCCGAAGTTCAGTAG
β-Actin GTGACGTTGACATCCGTAAAGA GCCGGACTCATCGTACTCC
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1189982048455397383, delFlag=0, nameCn=药学学报, nameEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0513-4870, eissn=null, cn=11-2163/R, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1761643429151, updatedTime=1761735768113, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=A, firstLetterEn=A, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=Life Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, picEn=c4l1ckL55nWbhl1KrFdWIA==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190369346338783397, language=CN, name=药学学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735768160, updatedTime=1761735768160, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190369346376532134, language=EN, name=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735768169, updatedTime=1761735768169, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1189982191388893191, websiteList=[Website(id=1189982271588340489, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189982191388893191, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761643482348, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761643498101, updateBy=18614031015, name=药学学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=药学学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189982873114448678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761643625763, updateTime=1761643625763, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873093477155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761643625758, updateTime=1761643625758, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873135420201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625768, updateTime=1761643625768, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873085088546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=w+t2v8bJnX5lh3+hRRJcDA==, createTime=1761643625756, updateTime=1761643625756, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873152197419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625772, updateTime=1761643625772, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873110254373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761643625762, updateTime=1761643625762, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873143808810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625770, updateTime=1761643625770, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873101865764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761643625760, updateTime=1761643625760, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873122837287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761643625765, updateTime=1761643625765, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873127031592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761643625766, updateTime=1761643625766, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1189982271655449355, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189982191388893191, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761643482364, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761643514085, updateBy=18614031015, name=药学学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189982903015633534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761643632892, updateTime=1761643632892, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902990467707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761643632886, updateTime=1761643632886, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903036605057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632897, updateTime=1761643632897, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902982079098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=w+t2v8bJnX5lh3+hRRJcDA==, createTime=1761643632884, updateTime=1761643632884, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903053382275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632901, updateTime=1761643632901, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903007244925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761643632890, updateTime=1761643632890, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903044993666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632899, updateTime=1761643632899, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902998856316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761643632888, updateTime=1761643632888, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903019827839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761643632893, updateTime=1761643632893, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903028216448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761643632895, updateTime=1761643632895, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=药学学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/aps, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, journalPhotoCn=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, journalPhotoEn=c4l1ckL55nWbhl1KrFdWIA==, journalFirstLetter=A, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1057, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1057, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/PDF/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1057, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/PDF/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1057, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
何首乌中顺式(反式)-大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮肝保护活性研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
陈智伟 1 , 杨建波 2, * , 陈子涵 1 , 马双成 2 , 孙华 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2023,58(3): 711-720
收起
收藏切换
药学学报 | 研究论文 2023, 58(3): 711-720
何首乌中顺式(反式)-大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮肝保护活性研究
全屏
陈智伟1, 杨建波2, * , 陈子涵1, 马双成2, 孙华1, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050
  • 2.中国食品药品检定研究院, 北京 100050

通讯作者:

*孙华, Tel: 86-10-50927122, E-mail: ;
杨建波, Tel: 86-10-53852102, E-mail:
Hepatoprotective activity of cis-(trans)-emodin-emodin dianthrone from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.
Zhi-wei CHEN1, Jian-bo YANG2, * , Zi-han CHEN1, Shuang-cheng MA2, Hua SUN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
  • 2. National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
出版时间: 2023-03-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1057
文章导航
收藏切换

顺式-大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮(化合物1) 和反式-大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮(化合物2) 均从何首乌的干燥块根中分离得到。在本研究中, 首先评价了化合物12的混合样品(大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮) 对刀豆蛋白A (concanavalin A, ConA) 诱导ICR小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用及可能的作用机制。结果表明, 大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮在1 mg·kg-1可显著降低肝损伤小鼠血清谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase, ALT) 和谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase, AST) 水平(P < 0.05), 改善肝组织病理损伤。1 mg·kg-1大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮还能显著降低肝组织Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bcl-2 assaciated X protein, Bax) mRNA水平, 同时升高B淋巴细胞瘤-2 (B-cell lymphoma-2, Bcl-2) mRNA表达水平(P < 0.05)。进一步利用过氧化氢(H2O2) 诱导的肝细胞损伤模型评价化合物12对肝细胞损伤的保护活性。结果表明, 化合物12可显著抑制H2O2诱导的肝细胞损伤, 降低细胞培养上清转氨酶ALT、AST及碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase, ALP)、乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) 水平, 提高细胞存活率。化合物12显著改善H2O2诱导的肝细胞氧化应激状态, 0.5 µmol·L-1化合物1可显著提高肝细胞内超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD) 的酶活力(P < 0.01), 0.5 µmol·L-1化合物2可显著降低细胞内活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 含量、提高SOD酶活力和还原型谷胱甘肽(glutathione, GSH) 的含量(P < 0.01)。同时, 0.5 µmol·L-1化合物12可通过提高Bcl-2/Bax蛋白表达比例(P < 0.05)、降低剪切体半胱天冬酶3 (cleaved caspase-3) 和前体胱天蛋白酶3 (pro caspase-3) 的比例抑制肝细胞凋亡(P < 0.05)。本研究表明, 何首乌中大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮成分具有抗肝组织损伤活性, 其中化合物12可通过抑制细胞凋亡和氧化应激发挥肝保护作用。本研究为常用量何首乌肝补益功效提供了重要的物质基础。本研究中所有动物实验在开展前经过中国医学科学院药物研究所实验动物管理和使用委员会(IACUC) 的审查批准。

何首乌  /  细胞凋亡  /  氧化应激  /  肝损伤  /  大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮

The cis-emodin-emodin dianthrone (compound 1) and trans-emodin-emodin dianthrone (compound 2) were extracted from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. The protective effect and mechanism of compound 1 and compound 2 (emodin-emodin dianthrones) on acute liver injury induced by concanavalin A (ConA) in ICR mice was first investigated. The results indicated that emodin-emodin dianthrones at 1 mg·kg-1 significantly reduced serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level (P < 0.05). Emodin-emodin dianthrones also improved liver histopathological damage in liver-injured mice. The level of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) mRNA in liver was significantly reduced by 1 mg·kg-1 of emodin-emodin dianthrones, while the level of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) mRNA expression was significantly increased (P < 0.05). The protective activity of compounds 1 and 2 against hepatocyte injury was further evaluated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced hepatocyte injury. Compounds 1 and 2 significantly inhibited H2O2-induced hepatocyte injury and reduced the levels of ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in cell culture. Compounds 1 and 2 also significantly improved the cell survival rate and decreased H2O2-induced oxidative stress in hepatocytes. Compound 1 (0.5 µmol·L-1) significantly increased the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in hepatocytes (P < 0.01), and 0.5 µmol·L-1 of compound 2 significantly decreased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased SOD enzyme activity, and glutathione (GSH) content (P < 0.01). Compounds 1 and 2 at 0.5 µmol·L-1 also inhibited hepatocyte apoptosis by increasing the protein expression ratio of Bcl-2/Bax (P < 0.05) and decreasing the protein expression ratio of cleaved caspase-3 and pro caspase-3 (P < 0.05). This study indicates that the emodin-emodin dianthrones from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. have liver-protective activity. Compounds 1 and 2 exerted hepatoprotective effects by inhibiting apoptosis and oxidative stress. The study provides an important material basis for the hepatoprotective effect of commonly used amounts of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.

Polygoni multiflori radix  /  apoptosis  /  oxidative stress  /  liver injury  /  emodin-emodin dianthrone
陈智伟, 杨建波, 陈子涵, 马双成, 孙华. 何首乌中顺式(反式)-大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮肝保护活性研究. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (3) : 711 -720 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1057
Zhi-wei CHEN, Jian-bo YANG, Zi-han CHEN, Shuang-cheng MA, Hua SUN. Hepatoprotective activity of cis-(trans)-emodin-emodin dianthrone from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (3) : 711 -720 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1057
肝脏是代谢毒素、合成营养素和促进造血的重要器官[1]。近年来, 随着人们生活方式和饮食习惯的改变, 肝脏负担不断增加。饮食、酒精、药物、肝炎病毒等均会导致一系列肝脏疾病, 大大降低了人们的生活质量并造成严重的社会经济负担[2]。药物治疗依然是应对肝脏疾病的主要手段[3]
何首乌是蓼科植物何首乌Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.的干燥块根, 为传统中草药, 也是许多药物和处方中的成分。随着何首乌的大量应用, 其导致的肝脏毒性近年来被广泛关注[4], 本研究团队前期也对何首乌的肝毒性进行了大量研究, 报道了何首乌块根中的大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮类成分在较高浓度下(10和20 µmol·L-1) 对肝细胞[5]和斑马鱼模型[6]表现出显著肝毒性, 为长期且大剂量服用何首乌的肝毒性物质基础研究提供了进一步的证据。但何首乌作为应用数千年的滋补中药, 其药理学功能更为突出且更应该得到重视。传统中医认为, 何首乌具有补肝肾、益精血、乌髭发的功效[7]。现代药理学研究显示, 何首乌具有抗衰老、抗炎、调血脂和神经保护等多种药理作用[8]。有研究亦表明, 何首乌提取物具有抗氧化[9]和抑制细胞凋亡活性[10], 具有治疗高脂血症[11]、非酒精性脂肪性肝病[12]和病毒性乙型肝炎[13]等肝脏系统疾病的作用。本课题组在对大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮类成分开展毒性研究的过程中也发现, 低剂量的顺式(反式)-大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮不仅没有肝毒性, 反而能够增强线粒体功能, 提示顺式(反式)-大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮可能具有重要的药效学活性。深入挖掘何首乌的药效物质基础和毒性物质基础研究, 并阐明药效和毒性之间的关系是重要的研究课题。
本研究采用刀豆蛋白A (concanavalin A, ConA) 诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤模型和H2O2诱导的HepG2细胞损伤模型评价了顺式-大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮(化合物1) 和反式-大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮(化合物2) 的肝保护活性, 发现化合物12在低剂量下(体外0.2~0.5 µmol·L-1, 体内0.1~1 mg·kg-1) 可通过抑制凋亡和氧化应激发挥肝保护作用。化合物12为何首乌中的微量成分[14], 治疗剂量服用何首乌很难达到其产生肝毒性的浓度, 本研究为治疗剂量何首乌补益肝肾的功效提供了进一步的物质基础。同时结合本课题组前期研究发现, 本研究也提出大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮既是何首乌补肝肾、益精血的有效成分之一, 也是何首乌超剂量长期用药产生肝毒性的主要毒性成分之一, 为何首乌增效减毒和进一步研发提供实验依据。
药物及主要试剂  何首乌购于广东省肇庆市德庆县, 经中国食品药品检定研究院杨建波副研究员鉴定为何首乌(Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.) 干燥块根, 样品标本编号(No. 060104); 顺式-大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮(化合物1, 纯度≥ 98%, 图 1A); 反式-大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮(化合物2, 纯度≥ 98%, 图 1B); 大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮经色谱鉴定为反式-大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮和顺式-大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮, 两者的质量分数分别为50.7%和35.8%, 总含量为86.5%[14]。ConA (SLBX7517) 购于Sigma公司; 双环醇由北京协和药厂提供; 还原型谷胱甘肽(glutathione, GSH) (G8180)、DMEM高糖培养基(12100-500)、胰蛋白酶-EDTA消化液(T1300)、活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 检测试剂盒(CA1410) 购于Solarbio公司; 谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase, ALT)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase, AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase, ALP) 检测试剂盒购于Biosino公司; Annexin V-FITC/PI凋亡检测试剂盒(AP101)、线粒体膜电位检测试剂盒(MJ101) 购于Multi Science公司; RT-PCR试剂盒(AQ41) 购于Trans Script公司; 超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD) 检测试剂盒(A001-3-2)、GSH检测试剂盒(A006-2-1) 购于南京建成生物工程研究所; Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bcl-2 assaciated X protein, Bax)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2 (B-cell lymphoma-2, Bcl-2)、剪切体半胱天冬酶3 (cleaved caspase-3)、前体胱天蛋白酶3 (pro caspase-3) 抗体购于ABclonal公司。
实验动物及饲养条件  无特定病原体级(specific pathogen free, SPF) 雄性ICR小鼠(20~22 g), 由北京华阜康生物科技股份有限公司提供[合格证号: SYXK (京) 2019-0008]。动物饲养于中国医学科学院药物研究所GLP动物实验中心。室温22~24 ℃, 相对湿度40%~60%。最小换气次数为每小时20次, 间隔12 h开灯光照。动物饲养于聚丙烯小鼠群养笼中, 每笼4~5只。所有动物均由培训合格的人员进行饲养管理, 整个饲养过程中保持动物饮食和活动自由。本实验所用动物及相关处置符合动物福利的要求, 实验开展前经过中国医学科学院药物研究所实验动物管理和使用委员会(IACUC) 的审查批准。
动物适应环境后根据体重随机分为5组, 分别为空白对照组、ConA模型组、阳性对照组双环醇200 mg·kg-1组、大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮0.1 mg·kg-1组、大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮1 mg·kg-1组, 每组8只。药物均采用0.5% CMC-Na配制成混悬液, 各组动物每天一次灌胃给予相应药物, 共给药5次。在末次给药2 h后, 除空白对照组给予溶剂对照外, 其余各组尾静脉注射给予20 mg·kg-1 ConA生理盐水溶液。随后, 小鼠禁食不禁水16 h后, 收集动物血清和肝脏。
细胞系  人肝癌HepG2细胞为本实验室传代保存, 用含100 u·mL-1青霉素(penicillin)、100 µg·mL-1链霉素(streptomycin) 及10%灭活新生牛血清的DMEM高糖培养基, 在37 ℃、含5% CO2细胞培养箱中培养。细胞约每隔2~3天传代。取对数生长期的细胞开始实验。
肝组织HE染色  取肝大叶, 4%多聚甲醛固定, 石蜡进行包埋。将石蜡组织块切成4 µm切片。进行苏木精-伊红(HE) 染色, 并评估肝脏损伤程度。
血清转氨酶检测  收集小鼠血清, 采用日本TOSHIBA全自动生化分析仪(TBA-40FR) 检测血清中ALT、AST含量。
RT-PCR检测  收集小鼠新鲜肝组织, 按试剂盒说明书提取RNA, 然后逆转录合成cDNA。RT-PCR引物序列见表 1, 严格按照TransStart Tip Green qPCR Super Mix试剂盒说明书进行操作, 检测组织细胞间黏附分子-1 (intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1, ICAM-1)、Bcl-2、Bax、肿瘤坏死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNF-α) 和核因子激活的B细胞的κ-轻链增强(NF-κB) 的表达情况, 以β-actin转录水平作为内参校正。mRNA相对表达量用2-ΔΔCt法计算[15], 以3次独立重复实验平均结果作为实验结果。
细胞毒性分析  采用MTT法检测化合物12的细胞毒性。取对数生长期HepG2细胞以8 000个/孔接种于96孔板中, 培养24 h后, 加入不同浓度的化合物12作用细胞24 h, 弃去培养液, 每孔加入100 µL 0.5 mg·mL-1 MTT, 继续培养4 h, 弃去MTT液, 每孔加入150 µL二甲基亚砜(DMSO), 于酶标仪(Multiskan FC) 570 nm波长处测定吸光度值。细胞存活率(%) = (给药细胞OD平均值/溶剂对照细胞OD平均值) ×100%。
细胞存活率检测  HepG2细胞以8 000个/孔接种于96孔细胞培养板, 培养24 h后, 加入无毒浓度的待测受试物, 同时设阳性对照组、溶剂对照组及模型组, 药物预孵育12 h。随后除溶剂对照组外, 其余各组均加入终浓度为100 µmol·L-1 H2O2继续作用细胞12 h。弃去培养液, 采用MTT法检测细胞存活率。
细胞培养上清生化指标检测细胞处理同“细胞存活率检测”, 收集细胞培养上清, 采用日本TOSHIBA全自动生化分析仪(TBA-40FR) 检测细胞培养上清中ALT、AST、ALP、LDH含量。
ROS检测  HepG2细胞以8 000个/孔接种于96孔细胞培养板, 培养24 h后, 加入待测受试物, 同时设阳性对照组、溶剂对照组及模型组, 药物预孵育24 h。除溶剂对照组, 其余各组均加入终浓度为100 µmol·L-1 H2O2继续作用细胞1 h。弃去培养液, 每孔加入10 μmol·L-1 ROS检测探针溶液100 μL, 37 ℃孵育30 min, 用荧光酶标仪(Enspire公司) 检测荧光强度。
JC-1线粒体染色  细胞处理方法同“ROS检测”。药物预孵育24 h。除溶剂对照组, 其余各组均加入终浓度为100 µmol·L-1 H2O2继续作用细胞1 h。随后每孔加入2 µmol·L-1 JC-1染色液, 放入培养箱中继续孵育30 min。弃去JC-1染色液, 用PBS洗3次。随后采用PerkinElmer高内涵细胞成像系统进行荧光拍摄和分析, 激发光波长488 nm, 发射光波长530 nm。
Annexin V-FITC/PI凋亡检测  HepG2细胞以每毫升1.2×105个接种于6孔细胞培养板中, 每孔2 mL, 培养24 h后, 加入待测受试物, 同时设阳性对照组、溶剂对照组及模型组, 药物预孵育24 h。除溶剂对照组外, 其余各组均加入终浓度为400 µmol·L-1 H2O2继续作用细胞12 h。1 000 r·min-1离心3 min后收集细胞, 加入500 µL结合缓冲液重悬细胞, 随后加入Annexin V-FITC和PI染料进行染色, 流式细胞仪(BD FASCVERSE公司) 进行凋亡分析。
SOD和GSH含量检测  细胞处理方法同“Annexin V-FITC/PI凋亡检测”。收集细胞, 采用微量GSH检测试剂盒检测细胞内GSH含量, 采用SOD检测试剂盒检测SOD酶活力, 同时应用BCA蛋白定量试剂盒测定各样品蛋白含量对结果进行校正。
Western blot检测  细胞处理方法同“Annexin V-FITC/PI凋亡检测”。收集细胞, 然后将细胞在补充有蛋白酶和磷酸酶抑制剂混合物的RIPA裂解缓冲液中裂解。通过BCA蛋白质定量试剂盒测量蛋白质浓度并用上样缓冲液煮沸变性。通过在十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺(SDS-PAGE) 凝胶电泳分离变性的蛋白质样品。然后将这些蛋白质转移到0.45 μm聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF) 膜上并用5%脱脂奶粉封闭膜。随后, 膜与特定的一抗和二抗反应, 用LAS 4000化学发光系统(Fujifilm公司) 显现印迹。使用Gel-Pro Analyzer 4.0分析条带的密度。
统计学分析  使用GraphPad Prism 8进行单因素方差分析(one way ANOVA) 以确定组间差异显著性。数据显示为平均值±标准误(SEM), 并且在P < 0.05时被认为具有统计学意义。
大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮灌胃给药5天, 各组小鼠状态正常, 体重无显著变化(图 2A), 提示动物耐受性良好。同时, 与模型组比较, 大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮给药组小鼠肝脏指数和脾脏指数均较模型组无显著变化(图 2BC), 双环醇有显著增加肝指数的作用(P < 0.001)。
ALT和AST主要存在于肝细胞中, 当肝细胞发生损伤时可被释放入血, 血清中酶的活性即明显升高, 是检测肝细胞损伤的灵敏指标[16]。ConA引起小鼠显著的急性肝损伤, 模型组小鼠血清ALT、AST水平较空白对照组显著升高(P < 0.05)。与模型组比较, 大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮在0.1和1 mg·kg-1剂量下均可显著降低血清ALT水平(P < 0.05); 在1 mg·kg-1剂量下可显著性地降低血清AST水平(P < 0.05)。并且大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮在1 mg·kg-1给药时降低转氨酶活性优于阳性对照药双环醇200 mg·kg-1 (图 3)。
对肝组织进行HE染色病理分析, 与空白对照组比较, 模型组小鼠肝组织可见大量肝细胞坏死, 并有炎症细胞弥散性浸润。与模型组相比, 大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮在1 mg·kg-1剂量下可减少肝细胞坏死面积, 并降低肝组织炎症(图 4)。
使用RT-PCR对小鼠肝组织与凋亡和炎症相关的部分基因表达进行分析。与空白对照组比较, 模型组小鼠肝组织NF-κB基因的转录水平有所升高, TNF-α和ICAM-1的转录水平显著升高(P < 0.001)。大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮(1 mg·kg-1) 对NF-κB和TNF-α转录水平有降低的趋势, 但无统计学差异, 同时可显著降低ICAM-1的转录水平(P < 0.01) (图 5A~C)。与空白对照组比较, 模型组小鼠肝组织Bcl-2显著下调(P < 0.001), Bax mRNA表达显著上调(P < 0.05), Bcl-2/Bax比例失衡。大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮在1 mg·kg-1剂量下可显著逆转Bcl-2/Bax的比例失衡(P < 0.001), 从而抑制肝细胞的凋亡途径的活化(图 5D~F)。
为进一步确定化合物12的肝保护活性, 开展了体外活性评价和机制研究。细胞毒性研究结果显示, 低浓度(< 0.5 μmol·L-1) 的化合物12对HepG2细胞存活率无显著影响(图 6AB)。采用小于0.5 μmol·L-1无毒浓度开展后续体外研究。在本研究中, 使用400 μmol·L-1 H2O2刺激HepG2细胞12 h建立肝细胞氧化应激损伤模型。与溶剂对照组比较, 400 μmol·L-1 H2O2显著降低HepG2细胞存活率(P < 0.001), 阳性对照GSH可显著提高细胞存活率(P < 0.001), 并降低细胞培养上清中肝细胞损伤生物标记物水平。化合物1 (0.5 μmol·L-1, P < 0.01) 和2 (0.2和0.5 μmol·L-1, P < 0.01) 均能显著提高H2O2诱导的人肝细胞的存活率(图 6CD)。检测细胞培养上清中肝细胞损伤生物标记物水平, 结果表明, 化合物2 (0.5 μmol·L-1) 能显著降低细胞培养上清中ALT和AST水平(P < 0.05), 化合物12亦能显著降低细胞培养上清中ALP和LDH水平(P < 0.05) (图 6E~H)。以上结果表明, 化合物12具有改善H2O2诱导的HepG2细胞损伤的活性。
H2O2可刺激HepG2细胞产生显著的氧化应激, 导致肝细胞损伤。与空白对照组比较, 模型组肝细胞GSH含量和SOD酶活力均显著降低(P < 0.001)。与模型组比较, 化合物2 (0.5 μmol·L-1) 可显著升高细胞内GSH含量(P < 0.05, 图 7A), 化合物1 (0.5 μmol·L-1, P < 0.01) 和化合物2 (0.2和0.5 μmol·L-1, P < 0.001和P < 0.05) 均显著升高细胞内SOD酶活力, 并且化合物2 (0.5 μmol·L-1) 升高SOD酶活力的作用与阳性对照药GSH相当(图 7B)。此外, 本研究使用活性氧荧光探针(DCFH-DA) 检测了肝细胞内ROS水平, DCFH-DA进入细胞内被ROS快速氧化生成强荧光产物2', 7'-二氯荧光素(DCF), 细胞内荧光强度和细胞内ROS水平呈正相关。与模型组相比, 化合物2 (0.2和0.5 μmol·L-1) 可显著降低肝细胞内的ROS水平(P < 0.01, P < 0.001), 与阳性对照药GSH活性相当(图 7C)。以上结果提示, 化合物12具有改善H2O2诱导的HepG2细胞氧化应激的活性。
Annexin V-FITC/PI双染是检测细胞凋亡的经典方法。Annexin V-FITC可与凋亡早期的细胞膜结合呈绿色荧光, PI可以透过凋亡晚期和坏死细胞的细胞膜而使细胞核呈红色荧光。与空白对照组比较, 400 μmol·L-1 H2O2作用细胞12 h可导致显著的细胞凋亡。与模型组比较, 化合物2 (0.5 μmol·L-1) 可显著降低H2O2诱导的肝细胞凋亡细胞占比(P < 0.05, 图 8AB)。进一步使用JC-1荧光探针对线粒体膜电位进行分析。JC-1聚集在正常线粒体基质中形成橙色荧光聚合物, 当线粒体受损时, JC-1则以单体的形式存在于胞浆中, 产生绿色荧光。与模型组相比, 0.5 μmol·L-1化合物1 (P < 0.05) 和2 (P < 0.01) 可显著改善H2O2诱导的肝细胞线粒体膜电位改变(图 8CD)。Western blot的研究结果显示, 与模型组比较, 化合物12可显著升高Bcl-2 (P < 0.05), 降低Bax (P < 0.05) 的蛋白表达水平(图 9AB), 提高Bcl-2/Bax蛋白表达比例(P < 0.05, 图 9C)。化合物12还有升高pro caspase-3的趋势(图 9D), 同时可显著降低cleaved caspase-3 (P < 0.05) 的蛋白表达水平(图 9E), 降低cleaved caspase-3/pro caspase-3的比例(P < 0.05, 图 9F), 与体内研究结果一致。该结果进一步提示, 化合物12可能通过调控线粒体介导的内源性凋亡通路对氧化应激诱导的肝细胞凋亡具有抑制活性。
ConA是从刀豆种子中分离获得的植物凝集素, 是一种T淋巴细胞激活剂[17], 其可导致包括TNF-α和干扰素γ (interferon-γ, IFN-γ) 在内的多种细胞因子的释放, 进而引发特异性的肝脏损伤, 导致肝脏炎症、肝细胞凋亡和坏死[18]。ConA诱导的急性肝损伤模型已被广泛应用[19]。H2O2为一种常用刺激剂, 可诱导细胞产生氧化应激和凋亡[20]。本研究采用ConA作为损伤剂评价了大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮类对映体混合物在体内的肝保护活性, 并使用H2O2作为损伤剂从体外评价何首乌干燥块根中的大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮类单体成分顺式-大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮(化合物1) 和反式-大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮(化合物2) 的肝保护活性。
氧化应激被认为是造成肝损伤的重要因素。越来越多的证据表明, 过量的ROS积累是导致线粒体功能障碍、肝细胞损伤、炎症反应和纤维化的主要原因[21]。抑制肝脏氧化应激亦是预防和治疗肝脏疾病的基本策略之一。本研究发现化合物12具有降低细胞内ROS和增加抗氧化物质(GSH和SOD) 的作用。
Bax是线粒体调节细胞死亡的关键执行者, 编码的Bax蛋白可与Bcl-2形成异二聚体, 对Bcl-2产生阻抑作用, Bcl-2/Bax的比值关系对细胞凋亡具有重要意义[22]。Caspase-3是一种蛋白酶, 在细胞凋亡过程中同样发挥着关键作用[23]。当发生细胞凋亡时, Bcl-2/Bax的比值将会降低, 前体caspase-3会被分解为剪切体caspase-3, 进一步降解多聚(ADP-核糖) 聚合酶(PARP) 引发细胞凋亡[24]。而线粒体膜电位改变是细胞凋亡早期发生的重要标志性事件[25]。本研究证实化合物12具有通过提高Bcl-2/Bax比值、降低剪切体caspase-3及改善线粒体膜电位进而抑制肝细胞凋亡的作用。
本研究明确了对肝细胞无毒浓度的低剂量顺式-大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮(化合物1) 和反式-大黄素-大黄素二蒽酮(化合物2) 具有良好的肝细胞损伤保护活性(0.5 μmol·L-1), 体内亦表现良好的保肝作用, 作用机制与抗氧化和抗肝细胞凋亡有关。结合本团队前期的研究发现和本研究中肝细胞毒作用结果表明: 化合物12在浓度大于1 μmol·L-1, 特别是10和20 μmol·L-1显示显著的肝细胞毒性[12], 提示化合物1和化合物2可能既是何首乌“补益肝肾”的重要药效学物质基础之一, 亦是何首乌超剂量服用产生肝毒性的毒性物质基础之一, 安全范围较窄。使用炮制等方法使化合物12处于安全有效的剂量范围是可以探索的何首乌增效减毒方式。将化合物12及其结构改造物作为肝病治疗药物的进一步研发亦需注意其治疗窗问题。
作者贡献: 陈智伟负责实验操作、数据处理及文章撰写; 陈子涵负责细胞毒性实验; 杨建波、马双成提供了实验受试物; 孙华负责文章修改。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(81973476)
  • 中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程重大协同创新项目(2021-I2M-1-028)
  • 中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程重大协同创新项目(2021-I2M-1-029)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
Trefts E, Gannon M, Wasserman DH. The liver[J]. Curr Biol, 2017, 27: 1147-1151.
[2]
Palmer M, Regev A, Lindor K, et al. Consensus guidelines: best practices for detection, assessment and management of suspected acute drug-induced liver injury occurring during clinical trials in adults with chronic cholestatic liver disease[J]. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2020, 51: 90-109.
[3]
Xiao J, Wang F, Wong NK, et al. Global liver disease burdens and research trends: analysis from a Chinese perspective[J]. J Hepatol, 2019, 71: 212-221.
[4]
Rao T, Liu YT, Zeng XC, et al. The hepatotoxicity of Polygonum multiflorum: the emerging role of the immune-mediated liver injury[J]. Acta Pharmacol Sin, 2021, 42: 27-35.
[5]
Chen ZH, Yang JB, Chen ZW, et al. Hepatotoxicity of alcohol extract Polygoni Multiflori Radix and related monomer compositions in liver cells[J]. Chin J Pharmacov (中国药物警戒), 2022, 19: 728-732. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YWJJ202207007.htm
[6]
Li HY, Yang JB, Li WF, et al. In vivo hepatotoxicity screening of different extracts, components, and constituents of Polygoni Multiflori Thunb. in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae[J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2020, 131: 110524.
[7]
Xue X, Quan Y, Gong L, et al. A review of the processed Polygonum multiflorum (Thunb.) for hepatoprotection: clinical use, pharmacology and toxicology[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2020, 261: 113-121.
[8]
Teka T, Wang L, Gao J, et al. Polygonum multiflorum: recent updates on newly isolated compounds, potential hepatotoxic compounds and their mechanisms[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2021, 271: 113-164.
[9]
Saier C, Büchter C, Koch K, et al. Polygonum multiflorum extract exerts antioxidative effects and increases life span and stress resistance in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans via DAF-16 and SIR-2.1[J]. Plants (Basel), 2018, 7: 60.
[10]
Ahn SM, Kim HN, Kim YR, et al. Emodin from Polygonum multiflorum ameliorates oxidative toxicity in HT22 cells and deficits in photothrombotic ischemia[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2016, 188: 13-20.
[11]
Qi XJ, Zhou RJ, Liu HP, et al. Analysis on regularity of traditional Chinese patent medicine in treating hyperlipidemia[J]. China J Chin Mater Med (中国中药杂志), 2019, 44: 4277-4284. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGZY202121006.htm
[12]
Jung S, Son H, Hwang CE, et al. The root of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. alleviates non-alcoholic steatosis and insulin resistance in high fat diet-fed mice[J]. Nutrients, 2020, 12: 23-53.
[13]
Li H, Wang X, Liu Y, et al. Hepatoprotection and hepatotoxicity of Heshouwu, a Chinese medicinal herb: context of the paradoxical effect[J]. Food Chem Toxicol, 2017, 108: 407-418.
[14]
Yang JB, Song YF, Liu Y, et al. UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS assay for the quantification of dianthrones as potential toxic markers of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb: applications for the standardization of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) with endogenous toxicity[J]. Chin Med, 2021, 16: 51.
[15]
Livak JK, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-ΔΔCT method[J]. Methods, 2002, 25: 402-408.
[16]
McGill MR. The past and present of serum aminotransferases and the future of liver injury biomarkers[J]. EXCLI J, 2016, 15: 817-828.
[17]
Gantner F, Leist M, Lohse AW, et al. Concanavalin A-induced T-cell-mediated hepatic injury in mice: the role of tumor necrosis factor[J]. Hepatology, 1995, 21: 190-198.
[18]
Zhang H, Bai Y, Gao M, et al. Hepatoprotective effect of capsai-cin against concanavalin A-induced hepatic injury via inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation[J]. Am J Transl Res, 2019, 11: 3029-3038.
[19]
Ibrahim SRM, Sirwi A, Eid BG, et al. Summary of natural products ameliorate concanavalin A-induced liver injury: structures, sources, pharmacological effects, and mechanisms of action[J]. Plants (Basel), 2021, 10: 228.
[20]
Sies H, Jones DP. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) as pleiotropic physiological signalling agents[J]. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2020, 21: 363-383.
[21]
Chen Z, Tian R, She Z, et al. Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease[J]. Free Radic Biol Med, 2020, 152: 116-141.
[22]
Spitz AZ, Gavathiotis E. Physiological and pharmacological modulation of BAX[J]. Trends Pharmacol Sci, 2022, 43: 206-220.
[23]
Porter AG, Jänicke RU. Emerging roles of caspase-3 in apoptosis[J]. Cell Death Differ, 1999, 6: 99-104.
[24]
Nagata S. Apoptosis and clearance of apoptotic cells[J]. Annu Rev Immunol, 2018, 36: 489-517.
[25]
Bock FJ, Tait SWG. Mitochondria as multifaceted regulators of cell death[J]. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2020, 21: 85-100.
2023年第58卷第3期
PDF下载
252
107
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1057
  • 接收时间:2022-09-14
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-03-12
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-14
  • 修回日期:2022-10-24
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(81973476)
中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程重大协同创新项目(2021-I2M-1-028)
中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程重大协同创新项目(2021-I2M-1-029)
作者信息
    1.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050
    2.中国食品药品检定研究院, 北京 100050

通讯作者:

*孙华, Tel: 86-10-50927122, E-mail: ;
杨建波, Tel: 86-10-53852102, E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1057
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏