Article(id=1198628606952964364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198628599835227075, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0955, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1659456000000, receivedDateStr=2022-08-03, revisedDate=1662307200000, revisedDateStr=2022-09-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763704929340, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1686499200000, pubDateStr=2023-06-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763704929340, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763704929340, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763704929340, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198628599835227075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='6', pageStart='0', pageEnd='1724', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1686499200000', pubDateStr='2023-06-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763704927643, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1766137690373, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208832346359468483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198628599835227075, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208832346359468484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198628599835227075, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1412, endPage=1421, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198628607284314414, articleId=1198628606952964364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Investigation of pharmacological characteristics and mechanisms of Qufeng Gutong Cataplasm based on a "disease-syndrome-symptom-formula" association network analysis, columnId=1198628600783142971, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Special Reports: Research on Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Integrative Pharmacology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Growing clinical evidence shows that Qufeng Gutong Cataplasm may exert a significant analgesic effect. However, the pharmacological characteristics and mechanisms underlying this prescription are still unclear. In the current study, a "disease-syndrome-symptom-formula" association network analysis was performed to explore the pharmacological characteristics and mechanisms of Qufeng Gutong Cataplasm against osteoarthritis (OA), neuropathic pain (NP), chronic inflammatory pain (CIP) and myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) by integrating clinical phenomics data, transcriptomics data and biological interaction network mining. As a result, the three functional modules (Qufeng Sanhan-QFSHG, Shujin Huoxue-SJHXG and Xiaozhong Zhitong-XZZTG) enriched by the drug network targets were all related to the pharmacological effects of Qufeng Gutong Cataplasm, including dispersing cold and relieving pain, activating blood and relieving pain, reducing swelling and relieving pain. In addition, the main pharmacological effects of QFSHG and XZZTG were dispelling wind and dispersing cold and dehumidifying, promoting Qi and reducing swelling and relieving pain, respectively. In terms of reversing the imbalance of "immune-inflammation-vascular axis", the main pharmacological effects of SJHXG were regulating the liver and promoting Qi, activating blood circulation and removing stasis. Mechanically, the key network targets of Qufeng Gutong Cataplasm against OA, NP, CIP and MPS may play a therapeutic role in relieving hyperalgesia and paresthesia by reversing the "neuro-endocrine-immune" imbalance system during the occurrence and progression of diseases. In conclusion, our data indicate that Qufeng Gutong Cataplasm may relieve the pain and wind-cold-dampness arthralgia syndrome related symptoms by regulating the "neuro-endocrine-immune" system, neurological and endocrine disorders and reversing the imbalance of "immunity-inflammation". The relevant results may provide a network-based evidence for clinical positioning of Qufeng Gutong Cataplasm, and offer a direction for further clinical and experimental validation.

, authors=null, authorsList=Su-ya ZHANG, Xia MAO, Xue-ying TAO, Chang-ting FANGLUO, Tao LI, Yu-dong LIU, Fei YANG, Xiao-hui SU, Wei-heng CHEN, Yan-qiong ZHANG, Na LIN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yan-qiong ZHANG, Na LIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198628610560066133, articleId=1198628606952964364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于“病-证-症-方”关联网络分析策略探讨祛风骨痛巴布膏的功效特点与作用机制, columnId=1198628601970131008, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=专题报道: 基于整合药理学的中医药现代化研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

祛风骨痛巴布膏具有显著的镇痛效果, 但其临床定位与作用机制尚不明确, 采用“证症结合”的诊疗模式有利于突出中医药治疗的优势定位及疗效特点。因此, 本研究基于“病-证-症-方”关联网络分析策略, 整合临床表型组、转录组和生物网络挖掘技术, 探析祛风骨痛巴布膏干预骨性关节炎(OA)、神经病理性疼痛(NP)、慢性炎症性疼痛(CIP) 和肌筋膜疼痛综合征(MPS) 的功效特点和作用机制。网络分析结果表明, 祛风骨痛巴布膏所含3个功效组均与其减轻疼痛症状的作用环节相关, 祛风散寒组、舒筋活血组与消肿止痛组的作用可分别概括为散寒止痛、活血止痛、消肿止痛, 三组共同发挥祛邪止痛之效; 在纠正机体代谢水平紊乱方面, 祛风散寒组与消肿止痛组的作用分别概括为祛风散寒除湿和行气消肿止痛; 在矫正机体“免疫-炎症-血管轴”失衡方面, 舒筋活血组的作用概括为疏肝行气、活血化瘀。进一步基于“病-证-症-方”关联网络分析策略, 祛风骨痛巴布膏干预OA、NP、CIP与MPS致病基因互作网络的关键网络靶标可能通过矫正疾病发生和进展中的“神经-内分泌-免疫”失衡系统, 发挥缓解痛觉过敏和感觉异常等症状的治疗作用。综上所述, 祛风骨痛巴布膏可改善风寒湿痹证典型关联疾病的疼痛等相关症状, 其作用机制可能与其通过调节机体“神经-内分泌-免疫”系统, 发挥中枢镇痛、纠正内分泌紊乱、矫正“免疫-炎症”失衡的药理作用相关。相关结果将为祛风骨痛巴布膏的临床合理定位提供网络分析依据, 也为进一步的临床和实验验证提供基础和方向。

, authors=null, authorsList=张苏雅, 毛霞, 陶雪莹, 方罗昌婷, 李涛, 刘毓东, 杨菲, 苏晓慧, 陈卫衡, 张彦琼, 林娜, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张彦琼, 林娜, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*张彦琼, Tel: 86-10-64014411-2869, E-mail: ;
林娜, E-mail:
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基于“病-证-症-方”关联网络分析策略探讨祛风骨痛巴布膏的功效特点与作用机制
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张苏雅 1 , 毛霞 1 , 陶雪莹 1 , 方罗昌婷 1 , 李涛 1 , 刘毓东 1 , 杨菲 1 , 苏晓慧 1 , 陈卫衡 2 , 张彦琼 1, * , 林娜 1, *
药学学报 | 专题报道: 基于整合药理学的中医药现代化研究 2023,58(6): 1412-1421
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药学学报 |专题报道: 基于整合药理学的中医药现代化研究 2023 , 58 (6) : 1412 -1421
基于“病-证-症-方”关联网络分析策略探讨祛风骨痛巴布膏的功效特点与作用机制
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张苏雅1, 毛霞1, 陶雪莹1, 方罗昌婷1, 李涛1, 刘毓东1, 杨菲1, 苏晓慧1, 陈卫衡2, 张彦琼1, * , 林娜1, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国中医科学院中药研究所, 北京 100700
  • 2.北京中医药大学第三附属医院, 北京 100029
通讯作者:
*张彦琼, Tel: 86-10-64014411-2869, E-mail: ;
林娜, E-mail:
Investigation of pharmacological characteristics and mechanisms of Qufeng Gutong Cataplasm based on a "disease-syndrome-symptom-formula" association network analysis
Su-ya ZHANG1, Xia MAO1, Xue-ying TAO1, Chang-ting FANGLUO1, Tao LI1, Yu-dong LIU1, Fei YANG1, Xiao-hui SU1, Wei-heng CHEN2, Yan-qiong ZHANG1, * , Na LIN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
  • 2. The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
出版时间: 2023-06-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0955
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祛风骨痛巴布膏具有显著的镇痛效果, 但其临床定位与作用机制尚不明确, 采用“证症结合”的诊疗模式有利于突出中医药治疗的优势定位及疗效特点。因此, 本研究基于“病-证-症-方”关联网络分析策略, 整合临床表型组、转录组和生物网络挖掘技术, 探析祛风骨痛巴布膏干预骨性关节炎(OA)、神经病理性疼痛(NP)、慢性炎症性疼痛(CIP) 和肌筋膜疼痛综合征(MPS) 的功效特点和作用机制。网络分析结果表明, 祛风骨痛巴布膏所含3个功效组均与其减轻疼痛症状的作用环节相关, 祛风散寒组、舒筋活血组与消肿止痛组的作用可分别概括为散寒止痛、活血止痛、消肿止痛, 三组共同发挥祛邪止痛之效; 在纠正机体代谢水平紊乱方面, 祛风散寒组与消肿止痛组的作用分别概括为祛风散寒除湿和行气消肿止痛; 在矫正机体“免疫-炎症-血管轴”失衡方面, 舒筋活血组的作用概括为疏肝行气、活血化瘀。进一步基于“病-证-症-方”关联网络分析策略, 祛风骨痛巴布膏干预OA、NP、CIP与MPS致病基因互作网络的关键网络靶标可能通过矫正疾病发生和进展中的“神经-内分泌-免疫”失衡系统, 发挥缓解痛觉过敏和感觉异常等症状的治疗作用。综上所述, 祛风骨痛巴布膏可改善风寒湿痹证典型关联疾病的疼痛等相关症状, 其作用机制可能与其通过调节机体“神经-内分泌-免疫”系统, 发挥中枢镇痛、纠正内分泌紊乱、矫正“免疫-炎症”失衡的药理作用相关。相关结果将为祛风骨痛巴布膏的临床合理定位提供网络分析依据, 也为进一步的临床和实验验证提供基础和方向。

祛风骨痛巴布膏  /  风寒湿痹证  /  "病-证-症-方"关联网络  /  功效特点  /  作用机制

Growing clinical evidence shows that Qufeng Gutong Cataplasm may exert a significant analgesic effect. However, the pharmacological characteristics and mechanisms underlying this prescription are still unclear. In the current study, a "disease-syndrome-symptom-formula" association network analysis was performed to explore the pharmacological characteristics and mechanisms of Qufeng Gutong Cataplasm against osteoarthritis (OA), neuropathic pain (NP), chronic inflammatory pain (CIP) and myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) by integrating clinical phenomics data, transcriptomics data and biological interaction network mining. As a result, the three functional modules (Qufeng Sanhan-QFSHG, Shujin Huoxue-SJHXG and Xiaozhong Zhitong-XZZTG) enriched by the drug network targets were all related to the pharmacological effects of Qufeng Gutong Cataplasm, including dispersing cold and relieving pain, activating blood and relieving pain, reducing swelling and relieving pain. In addition, the main pharmacological effects of QFSHG and XZZTG were dispelling wind and dispersing cold and dehumidifying, promoting Qi and reducing swelling and relieving pain, respectively. In terms of reversing the imbalance of "immune-inflammation-vascular axis", the main pharmacological effects of SJHXG were regulating the liver and promoting Qi, activating blood circulation and removing stasis. Mechanically, the key network targets of Qufeng Gutong Cataplasm against OA, NP, CIP and MPS may play a therapeutic role in relieving hyperalgesia and paresthesia by reversing the "neuro-endocrine-immune" imbalance system during the occurrence and progression of diseases. In conclusion, our data indicate that Qufeng Gutong Cataplasm may relieve the pain and wind-cold-dampness arthralgia syndrome related symptoms by regulating the "neuro-endocrine-immune" system, neurological and endocrine disorders and reversing the imbalance of "immunity-inflammation". The relevant results may provide a network-based evidence for clinical positioning of Qufeng Gutong Cataplasm, and offer a direction for further clinical and experimental validation.

Qufeng Gutong Cataplasm  /  wind-cold-dampness arthralgia  /  "disease-syndrome-symptom-formula" association network  /  pharmacological characteristics  /  pharmacological mechanism
张苏雅, 毛霞, 陶雪莹, 方罗昌婷, 李涛, 刘毓东, 杨菲, 苏晓慧, 陈卫衡, 张彦琼, 林娜. 基于“病-证-症-方”关联网络分析策略探讨祛风骨痛巴布膏的功效特点与作用机制. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (6) : 1412 -1421 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0955
Su-ya ZHANG, Xia MAO, Xue-ying TAO, Chang-ting FANGLUO, Tao LI, Yu-dong LIU, Fei YANG, Xiao-hui SU, Wei-heng CHEN, Yan-qiong ZHANG, Na LIN. Investigation of pharmacological characteristics and mechanisms of Qufeng Gutong Cataplasm based on a "disease-syndrome-symptom-formula" association network analysis[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (6) : 1412 -1421 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0955
祛风骨痛巴布膏是由川乌、草乌、皮子药、干姜、细辛、白芷、羌活、独活等23味中药组成的外用膏药, 具有祛风散寒、舒筋活血和消肿止痛的功效, 适用于风寒湿痹引起的关节痛[1]、颈椎病、肩周炎和腰腿疼痛等疾病。其剂型采用巴布膏剂, 具有载药量大、亲肤性好、易吸收、不易过敏等特点。目前关于该方的研究多集中于药物剂型方面, 尚缺乏针对该方疗效评价的临床研究和阐释其作用机制的药理学研究, 存在临床定位不明确、作用机制不清晰、疗效优势不突出等问题。
本课题组前期提出在病证结合的基础上, 采用“证症结合”的诊疗模式有利于突出中医药治疗的优势定位及疗效特点[2]。因此, 本研究基于“病-证-症-方”关联网络分析策略, 全面揭示祛风骨痛巴布膏所含各功效组的作用特点与生物内涵, 并以骨性关节炎(osteoarthritis, OA)、神经病理性疼痛(neuropathic pain, NP)、慢性炎症性疼痛(chronic inflammatory pain, CIP) 和肌筋膜疼痛综合征(myofascial pain syndrome, MPS) 作为疾病研究对象, 聚焦“病证基因-症状表型-方药靶标”互作网络解析, 发现该方干预不同疾病的核心作用靶点, 并深入探索其功效特点和作用机制, 为明确该方的临床定位和指导其合理用药提供科学依据。
祛风骨痛巴布膏组方理论与功效组的划分  本方以川乌、草乌为君药, 可通经络、利关节, 具有祛风除湿、温经止痛之效。皮子药、干姜、细辛散寒止痛; 羌活、独活、白芷祛风散寒, 除湿止痛, 其中羌活善治上肢之痹证, 独活善治下肢之痹证, 共为臣药。乳香、没药行气止痛, 当归、川芎行气活血、养血柔筋, 红花、桃仁、泽兰活血化瘀, 三棱、莪术破血行气, 气血并治, 寓“治风先治血, 血行风自灭”之意; 加入天南星、石菖蒲、黄柏除湿消肿, 共为佐药。方中冰片、薄荷脑、冬青油芳香走窜, 既通经络之顽邪, 又引药透皮, 直达病所, 故为使药。
围绕该方的核心功效与遣药组方特点, 将其拆分为祛风散寒组(川乌、草乌、皮子药、干姜、细辛、白芷、羌活、独活)、舒筋活血组(当归、川芎、泽兰、红花、桃仁、三棱、莪术) 和消肿止痛组(黄柏、天南星、石菖蒲、乳香、没药、冰片、薄荷脑、冬青油) 3个功效组。
祛风骨痛巴布膏化学成分及候选靶标谱的收集和整理  通过中医药整合药理学研究平台(TCMIP v2.0) 收集方中所含23味中药的化学成分信息, 并预测上述化学成分的候选靶标, 设定相似性评分(similar score) > 0.8, 利用UniProt蛋白质数据库, 将候选靶标蛋白质名称转换为官方基因名称(official gene symbol)。
疾病相关基因集的收集和整理  本研究选取OA、NP、CIP、MPS作为研究祛风骨痛巴布膏的疾病载体。利用GEO数据库和本课题组前期实验检测得到的转录组学数据, 收集上述疾病的差异基因表达信息, 筛选出疾病组中的显著相关基因(图 1)。
OA转录组学数据来源于GSE55235[3]。该研究通过人类全基因组表达谱微阵列平台, 利用专门的规则与算法处理来自多个分析中心的微阵列数据, 识别出来源于26位OA患者与20位健康人群关节滑膜的差异表达基因共343个(log2FC绝对值> 2, P < 0.05), 其中上调基因190个, 下调基因153个。
NP转录组学数据来源于本课题组前期实验检测数据GSE97076[4]。该研究通过结扎L5脊髓神经建立NP模型, 利用小鼠全基因组表达谱微阵列平台对3只NP小鼠与3只正常小鼠的脊髓背角进行基因分析, 共获得差异基因179个(log2FC绝对值> 1, P < 0.05), 其中上调基因76个, 下调基因103个。
MPS转录组学数据同样来源于本课题组前期实验检测所得。该研究通过钝性打击大鼠左下肢股内侧肌建立MPS模型, 利用Illumina Novaseq 6000平台对3只MPS大鼠激痛点部位的肌肉组织与4只正常大鼠相同部位来源的基因进行高通量测序, 共获得差异基因624个(log2FC绝对值> 2, P < 0.05), 其中上调基因587个, 下调基因37个。
CIP的相关基因集主要来源于DisGeNET v7.0、TTD (Last update by 2021-9-29)、Drugbank v5.1.9 (Last update by 2022-01-03) 数据库, 去冗后共获得180个基因。同时通过上述数据库对OA、NP与MPS的疾病靶点进行补充, 并去除不同数据来源的重复基因。
网络拓扑特征值计算和关键网络靶标功能挖掘  通过STRING 11.5分别构建祛风骨痛巴布膏候选靶标与OA、NP、CIP、MPS等4种疾病相关基因的相互作用网络, 设置基因间相互作用信息的最低置信度评分为0.7; 利用Cytoscape v3.8.2计算网络节点的拓扑特征值(连接度、介度、紧密度), 筛选3个拓扑特征值均大于相应中位数的节点作为关键网络靶标; 进而利用Navigator v2.3计算该方关键网络靶标与疾病相关基因之间的最短路径值, 以此衡量两个基因在网络中的接近度, 并筛选网络接近度居前10位的关键网络靶标作为该方干预疾病的关键作用靶标, 用于后续的生物功能挖掘。
疾病临床症状集获取与通路富集分析  利用中医证候本体及多维定量关联计算平台[5] (SoFDA, http://www.tcmip.cn/Syndrome/front/#/) 筛选与祛风骨痛巴布膏关键作用靶标密切相关的中医证候(TCM symptom) 与现代医学症状(modern medicine symptom)。通过DAVID v6.8数据库, 对该方各功效组的候选靶标及其干预疾病的关键作用靶标进行功能富集分析。
祛风散寒组共有化学成分25个如3-deoxyaconitine、cryptopine、hypaconitine、nodakenin、sexangularetin等, 候选靶标174个如GABRB3、GABRP、PRKACA、PRKCA、AKT1等。KEGG分析结果显示, 该功效组的优势药效环节为改善神经功能异常, 同时参与纠正能量代谢、离子浓度、激素水平等方面的代谢紊乱, 相关靶点与通路见图 2
舒筋活血组共有化学成分20个如baicalin、carthamidin、kinobeon A、senkyunone、wallichilide等, 候选靶标234个如NFKB1、PRKCB、GABRB1、IL6、PTGS2等。KEGG分析结果显示, 该功效组的优势药效环节为改善神经功能异常, 同时参与纠正激素水平、脂质水平等方面的代谢紊乱与矫正“免疫-炎症-血管轴”失衡, 相关靶点与通路见图 3
消肿止痛组共有化学成分39个如dipterocarpol、ellagic acid、pelargonidin、quercetin、kaempferol等, 候选靶标212个如GABRE、CACNA1C、TRPV1、ATP1A2、HSD3B1等。KEGG分析结果显示, 该功效组的优势药效环节为改善神经功能异常, 同时参与纠正激素水平、离子水平等方面的代谢紊乱, 相关靶点与通路见图 4
根据网络拓扑值计算结果, 筛选出242个祛风骨痛巴布膏干预OA失衡网络的关键网络靶标, 其中94个与OA相关靶标具有显著的网络接近度。KEGG分析结果显示, 该方干预OA的优势环节主要体现在纠正机体代谢系统紊乱, 同时参与调节细胞功能、矫正“免疫-炎症”失衡、调节血管功能(图 5)。
祛风骨痛巴布膏中所含散寒药(川乌、草乌、干姜、细辛) 均辛温、归肾经, 祛风湿药(羌活、独活、白芷、天南星、石菖蒲、黄柏) 辛散苦燥, 故二者对代谢系统的作用可概括为温肾散寒和祛风除湿, 通过调节环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)、产热、腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)、雌激素、甲状腺激素、破骨细胞分化等信号通路而增加能量供给、调节激素水平和骨代谢水平, 有助于改善OA患者腰膝冷痛、形寒肢冷、筋脉拘急、屈曲挛缩、骨量减少等症状。其次, 方中所含行气消肿药(乳香、没药、冰片、薄荷脑、冬青油) 和活血消肿药(三棱、莪术、泽兰), 对细胞功能的作用概括为行气活血, 消肿止痛, 即调节丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路(MAPK)、磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶/蛋白激酶B (PI3K-Akt)、FoxO、Ras、细胞衰老、细胞凋亡、细胞自噬等信号通路而维持软骨细胞稳态, 有助于减轻OA患者关节肿痛、肢体骨节疼痛等症状。“免疫-炎症”的失衡在OA发病与进展过程中发挥着重要作用。祛风骨痛巴布膏所含祛风药(羌活、独活、白芷)、散寒药(川乌、草乌、干姜、细辛)、行气止痛药(冰片、薄荷脑、冬青油), 对“免疫-炎症”的作用概括为祛风散寒止痛, 体现在干预肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、白细胞介素-17 (IL-17)、核转录因子-κB (NF-κB)、趋化因子、辅助性T细胞-17 (Th17)、Toll样受体、T细胞受体、瞬时感受器电位离子通道(TRP) 通道的炎性介质调节等信号通路而抑制炎性因子的产生与聚集、增强机体免疫能力, 减轻对关节外周伤害感受器的刺激, 有助于改善OA患者痛觉过敏、感觉异常、关节炎等症状。此外, 肝主筋、藏血, 又膝为筋之府, 肝血不充则筋脉失养, 关节屈伸不利。方中含有大量理血活血药(当归、川芎、红花、桃仁、三棱、莪术、泽兰、乳香、没药), 故对血管功能的作用概括为行气活血化瘀, 通过调节缺氧诱导因子-1 (HIF-1)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、Apelin、血小板活化、血管平滑肌收缩等信号通路而抑制血管新生, 减少血管翳与骨赘形成, 有助于减轻OA患者关节畸形、屈伸受限等症状。
根据网络拓扑值计算结果, 筛选出182个祛风骨痛巴布膏干预NP失衡网络的关键网络靶标, 其中92个与NP相关靶标具有显著的网络接近度。KEGG分析结果显示, 该方干预NP的优势环节主要体现在纠正机体代谢系统紊乱, 同时参与改善神经功能异常与矫正“免疫-炎症”失衡(图 6)。
NP的发生、发展与机体代谢系统紊乱密切相关。根据中医理论, 脾主四肢肌肉, 湿邪困脾, 致脾虚不能充养四肢关节; 寒邪凝滞筋脉, 致关节屈伸不利。祛风骨痛巴布膏所含祛风湿药(羌活、独活、白芷、天南星、石菖蒲、黄柏) 和散寒药(川乌、草乌、干姜、细辛), 对代谢系统的作用可概括为祛风除湿、温经散寒, 即通过醛固酮调节钠重吸收、肾素分泌、cAMP、AMPK、产热等信号通路调节离子浓度、增加能量供给, 有助于改善NP患者的头身重痛、畏寒喜暖、肢重困倦、四肢麻木、肢体痿软、骨骼肌萎缩、痉挛、屈曲挛缩等症状。当神经系统功能异常时, 往往呈现寒邪凝滞则拘急冷痛, 瘀血阻滞则固定刺痛。该方所含散寒止痛药(川乌、草乌、皮子药、细辛、白芷、羌活) 和活血止痛药(当归、川芎、红花、三棱、莪术、乳香、没药), 对神经功能的作用概括为温经散寒止痛和行气活血止痛, 通过调节乙酰胆碱能突触、谷氨酸能突触、GABA能突触、神经活性配体-受体相互作用、尼古丁成瘾、逆行内源性大麻素等信号通路而调节神经递质浓度、降低神经元兴奋性, 抑制中枢敏化, 发挥中枢镇痛作用, 有助于改善NP患者静息痛、感觉异常、痛觉过敏、触物感痛、反射消失等症状。“免疫-炎症”失衡是NP发生、发展过程中的关键病理环节之一, 即气机不通则痛。祛风骨痛巴布膏所含行气药(川芎、三棱、莪术、薄荷脑、冬青油), 对“免疫-炎症”的作用概括为行气止痛, 即通过干预TNF、IL-17、NF-κB、Toll样受体、趋化因子、TRP通道的炎性介质调节等信号通路而抑制炎症因子释放与聚集, 从而阻断初级伤害感受器激活和冲动传递, 有助于改善NP患者的疼痛与周围神经病变。
根据网络拓扑值计算结果, 筛选出168个祛风骨痛巴布膏干预CIP失衡网络的关键网络靶标, 其中86个与CIP相关靶标具有显著的网络接近度。KEGG分析结果显示, 该方干预CIP的优势环节主要体现在改善神经功能异常, 同时参与矫正“免疫-炎症”失衡、纠正机体代谢系统紊乱与调节细胞功能(图 7)。
祛风骨痛巴布膏所含散寒药(川乌、草乌、皮子药、细辛、白芷、羌活) 和行气药(川芎、三棱、莪术、薄荷脑、冬青油), 对神经功能的作用概括为散寒止痛和行气止痛, 通过调节安非他明成瘾、5-羟色胺(5-HT) 能突触、多巴胺能突触、神经活性配体-受体相互作用等信号通路而阻断神经递质传递, 降低神经元兴奋性, 抑制神经敏化, 有助于缓解CIP患者的骨痛、静息痛、痛觉过敏、感觉异常等症状。在CIP发生、发展过程中, 因风、寒、湿、瘀邪侵犯经络, 致经络闭阻、经气逆乱而发生疼痛。方中所含祛风寒湿药(川乌、草乌、白芷、羌活、独活) 和化瘀药(红花、桃仁、泽兰), 对“免疫-炎症”的作用概括为祛风散寒除湿和活血化瘀, 即影响TNF、IL-17、趋化因子、NOD样受体、Toll样受体、TRP通道的炎性介质调节等信号通路介导炎症反应与免疫应答, 减轻神经系统的炎症反应, 有助于减轻CIP患者的身体疼烦、局部疼痛或肿胀、C反应蛋白水平升高、白细胞增多、关节炎等症状。此外, 祛风骨痛巴布膏含有的散寒药(川乌、草乌、皮子药、干姜、细辛) 和祛湿药(羌活、独活、白芷、天南星、石菖蒲、黄柏) 对机体代谢系统的调节作用可概括为散寒祛湿, 主要通过干预cAMP、AMPK、花生四烯酸代谢、脂肪细胞因子、醛固酮调节钠重吸收等信号通路而改善机体能量状态、脂质水平与离子浓度, 有助于改善CIP患者的身体疼痛或不疼但肢体困重、腰膝冷痛、畏寒肢冷、疲劳等症状。同时, 方中所包含的行气消肿药(乳香、没药、冰片、薄荷脑、冬青油) 也对细胞功能具有一定的影响, 可概括为消肿止痛, 主要通过调节MAPK、Rap1、PI3K-Akt、FoxO、Ras等信号通路而提高周围神经元细胞兴奋阈值, 有助于缓解CIP患者疼痛。
根据网络拓扑值计算结果, 筛选出644个祛风骨痛巴布膏干预MPS失衡网络的关键网络靶标, 其中46个与MPS相关基因具有显著的网络接近度。通路富集分析结果显示, 该方干预MPS的优势环节主要体现在矫正“免疫-炎症”失衡, 同时参与调节血管功能与纠正机体代谢系统紊乱(图 8)。
祛风骨痛巴布膏所含祛风寒湿药(川乌、草乌、白芷、羌活、独活) 和辛香通络药(冰片、薄荷脑、冬青油) 对“免疫-炎症”的作用可概括为祛邪通络, 主要通过干预NF-κB、趋化因子、TNF、IL-17、中性粒细胞胞外陷阱形成、自然杀伤细胞介导的细胞毒性等信号通路而抑制炎性因子释放, 减轻局部肌纤维的炎症程度, 有助于改善MPS患者局部疼痛、痛不可近、肌痛、痛觉过敏、感觉异常等症状。其次, 方中含有的活血药(当归、川芎、红花、桃仁、三棱、莪术、泽兰、乳香、没药) 均归肝经, 对血管功能的作用概括为活血化瘀通络, 即影响VEGF、Apelin、补体和凝血级联、血小板活化、造血细胞系、HIF-1等通路而增加局部血液循环, 改善肌纤维组织缺血缺氧状态, 有助于改善MPS患者患肢屈伸受限、肌肉麻痹、肌肉萎缩等症状。此外, 祛风骨痛巴布膏所含的散寒药(川乌、草乌、皮子药、干姜、细辛) 和祛湿药(羌活、独活、白芷、天南星、石菖蒲、黄柏) 对MPS所致机体代谢系统的紊乱也发挥散寒祛湿和舒筋通络的功效, 即通过调节AMPK、cAMP、醛固酮调节的钠重吸收等信号通路而增加机体能量供给、调节离子浓度, 有助于改善MPS患者腰膝冷痛、四肢关节挛缩、肌强直、轴向肌肉无力、肌纤维直径变异性增加、自发性收缩等症状。
祛风骨痛巴布膏所含祛风散寒组、舒筋活血组与消肿止痛组均呈现“多成分-多靶点-多途径”的协同作用特点, 但各有侧重(图 9)。通过调节神经系统的功能而发挥镇痛作用是该方的优势药效环节, 祛风散寒组、舒筋活血组与消肿止痛组对神经功能的调节作用可分别概括为散寒止痛、活血止痛、消肿止痛, 共同发挥祛邪止痛之效, 含“通则不痛”之意。三个功效组均通过GABA能突触、逆行内源性大麻素信号、神经活性配体-受体相互作用等通路调节脊髓背角神经元和下行抑制通路, 抑制中枢敏化, 发挥镇痛作用[6]。药理研究证实, 川乌与草乌中的乌头碱具有显著中枢镇痛作用[7, 8], 方中其余药物均含有挥发油成分, 具有明显抗氧化、改善缺血缺氧的作用[9], 且挥发油的血脑屏障穿透性强, 可通过抑制神经元兴奋性产生镇痛作用[10]。其中, 祛风散寒组对机体代谢系统紊乱的调节作用主要体现为祛风散寒除湿, 即通过调节cAMP、氧化磷酸化、产热等通路而为机体提供能量支持; 通过干预促性腺激素释放激素、雌激素与甲状腺激素合成、分泌通路影响骨代谢; 通过调节钠重吸收、醛固酮合成与分泌等通路维持体内水盐平衡; 消肿止痛组则主要表现为行气消肿止痛, 即通过调节甾体激素、胰岛素抵抗等通路而实现抗炎消肿。在矫正机体“免疫-炎症-血管轴”失衡方面, 舒筋活血组的药物均归肝经, 又因肝主疏泄, 故其对代谢调节的作用主要表现为疏肝行气、活血化瘀, 分子层面则相应地干预C型凝集素受体、NF-κB、IL-17、HIF-1、Th17细胞分化、Toll样受体、VEGF、血管平滑肌收缩等相关通路而维持免疫与炎症平衡和调节血管功能。
本研究选取OA、NP、CIP与MPS作为研究祛风骨痛巴布膏的疾病载体, 聚焦风寒湿痹证, 通过对膏药与疾病互作网络中的关键靶标进行生物功能挖掘, 基于“病-证-症-方”关联网络分析策略探析该方的作用机制。上述4种疾病均是由于机体组织或神经损伤、能量代谢危机、炎症反应等刺激激活外周伤害性感受器, 导致外周或中枢神经系统受损引起的慢性疼痛性疾病[11-14]。伤害性感受器是一种能特异性感受伤害刺激的初级感觉神经末梢, 广泛分布于皮肤、肌肉、关节和内脏器官, 因此局部疼痛通常源于伤害性感受器的致敏或活化[15]。若这种刺激持续存在, 将继续活化次级神经, 使中枢神经细胞兴奋性增高引起中枢致敏, 其特征性表现为痛觉过敏(疼痛敏感性异常增加) 和感觉异常(无伤害性刺激时感到不适)。通过“病-证-症-方”关联网络挖掘发现, OA、NP、CIP与MPS均存在不同程度的痛觉过敏和感觉异常, 并与细胞因子、激素、神经递质等介导的“神经-内分泌-免疫”网络密切相关[16]。祛风骨痛巴布膏通过调节GABA、谷氨酸、尼古丁、吗啡等神经递质干预神经系统, 通过调节雌激素、甲状腺激素、醛固酮等激素水平干预内分泌系统, 通过调节巨噬细胞、T细胞、NK细胞、白细胞介素、TNF-α、趋化因子等细胞因子干预免疫系统。可见, 该方可通过多靶点、多通路作用于机体的“神经-内分泌-免疫”系统。
OA、NP、CIP与MPS均属于中医学“痹证”范畴。中医认为, 痹证的主要病机为肝脾肾亏虚, 气血不足, 复受风寒湿邪乘虚而入, 内忧外患, 以致疼痛重着, 迁延难愈。风寒湿痹证是其临床常见证型[17, 18], 风寒湿三邪互结为患, 痹阻经络、肌肉、骨节, 导致气血运行不畅, 以致“不通则痛”。祛风骨痛巴布膏全方重用辛温之品, 意在祛风散寒、除湿通络, 配合大量理气活血药, 以行络中之滞气, 开血中之淤痹, 取“通则不痛”之意。结合全方各功效组的优势药效环节可以看出, 该方主要通过调节神经系统功能发挥显著的中枢镇痛效应。痹证本质上属于本虚标实性疾病, 相关研究表明, 肝脾肾三脏亏虚均存在不同程度的下丘脑-垂体-靶腺(肾上腺、甲状腺、性腺) 轴功能紊乱, 进而影响机体的“神经-内分泌-免疫”功能, 从而产生一系列临床症状与体征[19-21]。因此, 祛风骨痛巴布膏通过调节免疫水平、激素水平与能量状态以补养肝肾气血, 实现扶正固本; 通过调节炎症水平、血管功能与代谢产物浓度以祛除风寒湿三邪, 实现祛邪通络, 标本兼顾, 切中风寒湿痹病机关键。
综上, 本研究基于“病-证-症-方”关联网络分析策略, 整合临床表型组、转录组和生物网络挖掘技术, 初步揭示了祛风骨痛巴布膏所含祛风散寒、舒筋活血、消肿止痛3个功效组的作用特点和生物内涵, 并针对风寒湿痹证的典型关联疾病(OA、NP、CIP与MPS), 发现该方可能通过调节机体“神经-内分泌-免疫”系统, 发挥中枢镇痛、纠正内分泌紊乱、矫正“免疫-炎症”失衡的药理作用。相关结果为开展深入实验验证奠定了良好的数据基础, 也为明确祛风骨痛巴布膏的临床定位和指导其合理用药提供了科学依据。
作者贡献: 张苏雅负责数据处理和文章撰写; 毛霞、陶雪莹、方罗昌婷、李涛、刘毓东、杨菲负责数据搜集; 林娜、张彦琼、陈卫衡、苏晓慧负责总体整体研究方案设计、论文审阅指导及研究经费支持。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(C12021A03808)
  • 中国中医科学院中药研究所技术研发项目(20211024)
  • 国家“重大新药创制”科技重大专项(2019ZX09731002)
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2023年第58卷第6期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0955
  • 接收时间:2022-08-03
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-06-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-08-03
  • 修回日期:2022-09-05
基金
中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(C12021A03808)
中国中医科学院中药研究所技术研发项目(20211024)
国家“重大新药创制”科技重大专项(2019ZX09731002)
作者信息
    1.中国中医科学院中药研究所, 北京 100700
    2.北京中医药大学第三附属医院, 北京 100029

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*张彦琼, Tel: 86-10-64014411-2869, E-mail: ;
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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