Article(id=1198624305476105206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198624302414263267, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0841, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1657123200000, receivedDateStr=2022-07-07, revisedDate=1662307200000, revisedDateStr=2022-09-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763703903788, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1676131200000, pubDateStr=2023-02-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763703903788, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763703903788, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763703903788, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198624302414263267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='2', pageStart='235', pageEnd='468', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763703903058, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763704055811, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198624943157116946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198624302414263267, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198624943161311251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198624302414263267, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=386, endPage=395, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198624305870368771, articleId=1198624305476105206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=The effect and mechanism of metformin on peripheral neuropathy in type 1 diabetic rats, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common microvascular complications occurring in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, which often results in patients suffering from severe hyperalgesia and allodynia. Up to now, the clinical therapeutic effect of DPN is still unsatisfactory. Metformin is an anti-diabetic drug that has been safely and widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes for decades. Studies have shown that metformin can improve pain caused by DPN, but its effects on the nerve conduction velocity and morphology of the sciatic nerve of DPN, and the mechanism for improving DPN are not clear. Therefore, the STZ-induced model of type 1 DPN in SD rats was used to study the effects of metformin on DPN, and to preliminarily explore its mechanism in this study. All animal experiments were carried out with approval of the Experimental Animal Welfare Ethics Committee of the Institute of Materia Medica (Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College). After the model was established successfully, STZ diabetic rats were randomly divided into a model group and a metformin treatment group, and 10 normal SD rats were selected as the normal control group, and the rats were intragastrically administered for 12 weeks. The results showed that metformin significantly reduced blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, food consumption and water consumption in STZ rats. Metformin markedly increased the motor nerve conduction velocity and mechanical stabbing pain threshold, prolonged the hot plate latency threshold, and improved the pathological morphological abnormalities of the sciatic nerve in STZ rats. In addition, metformin increased the content of glutathione (GSH), enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and sciatic nerve of STZ diabetic rats, as well as regulating the expression of genes related to oxidative stress in the sciatic nerve. Metformin obviously reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in the serum in STZ rats, and inhibited the gene expression of these inflammatory factors in the sciatic nerve. In summary, metformin significantly increased nerve conduction velocity, improved sciatic nerve morphological abnormalities and pain in DPN rats, which may be related to its effect in improving oxidative stress and reducing inflammation.

, correspAuthors=Shuai-nan LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xing WANG, Cai-na LI, Lin ZHANG, Wen-ming JI, Lei LEI, Hui CAO, Quan LIU, Yi HUAN, Su-juan SUN, Shuai-nan LIU, Zhu-fang SHEN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198624307132854335, articleId=1198624305476105206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=二甲双胍对1型糖尿病大鼠周围神经病变的影响及机制初探, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

糖尿病周围神经病变(diabetic peripheral neuropathy, DPN) 是1型和2型糖尿病中最常见的微血管并发症之一, 常导致患者遭受严重的痛觉过敏和异常性疼痛。迄今为止, DPN的临床治疗效果仍不令人满意。二甲双胍是一种几十年来一直被安全、广泛地用于治疗2型糖尿病的抗糖尿病药物。研究表明二甲双胍可改善DPN引起的疼痛, 但是其对DPN神经传导速度、坐骨神经形态的影响及改善DPN的机制还不清楚。因此, 本研究以链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin, STZ) 诱导SD大鼠形成的1型DPN模型为对象, 考察二甲双胍对糖尿病周围神经病变的影响及探讨初步作用机制。所有动物实验操作和福利均遵循中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所实验动物伦理与动物福利委员会的规定。模型形成成功后, 将STZ糖尿病大鼠随机分为模型组和二甲双胍治疗组, 另取10只正常SD大鼠为正常对照组, 连续灌胃给药12周。结果表明: 二甲双胍可显著降低STZ大鼠血糖、糖化血红蛋白、摄食量和饮水量; 二甲双胍明显增大STZ大鼠神经传导速度和机械刺痛阈值, 延长热板潜伏期阈值, 且改善坐骨神经病理形态异常; 此外, 二甲双胍增加STZ糖尿病大鼠血清和坐骨神经中还原型谷胱甘肽(glutathione, GSH) 含量, 增强抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT) 活性, 降低丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA) 含量, 调节坐骨神经中氧化应激相关基因的表达; 二甲双胍可显著降低STZ大鼠血清中促炎因子肿瘤坏死因子α (tumor necrosis factor α, TNF-α)、白介素(interleukin, IL)-1β、IL-6水平, 并抑制坐骨神经中这些炎症因子的基因表达水平。综上, 二甲双胍明显增大DPN大鼠神经传导速度, 改善坐骨神经形态异常和疼痛, 其作用机制可能与改善氧化应激和减轻炎症有关。

, correspAuthors=刘率男, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*刘率男, Tel: 13522662566, E-mail:
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Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition[J]. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2019, 157: 107843., articleTitle=Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702074092421138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624305476105206, doi=10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.179, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=510, issue=null, pageStart=35, pageEnd=41, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=Biochem Biophys Res Commun, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang J, Zhao Z, Yuan H, et al. The mechanisms of glycemic variability accelerate diabetic central neuropathy and diabetic peripheral neuropathy in diabetic rats[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2019, 510: 35-41., articleTitle=The mechanisms of glycemic variability accelerate diabetic central neuropathy and diabetic peripheral neuropathy in diabetic rats, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702074214055973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624305476105206, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=39, issue=null, pageStart=e14729, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=Diabet Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ye D, Fairchild TJ, Vo L, et al. Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: role of oxidative stress and central sensitisation[J]. 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Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing 100730, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702059840176192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624305476105206, companyId=1198702059815010365, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.糖尿病防治研究北京市重点实验室, 北京 100730)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1198702069252195019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624305476105206, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=rs+s9c6pvFzRnTpjGtKGqQ==, figureFileBig=PQYlw89AkkZp3Yh8t2d43w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702069398995672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624305476105206, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Metformin (Met) improved glucose metabolism and nerve conduction velocity in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. A: Motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV); B: Postprandial blood glucose; C: Fasting blood glucose; D: Glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c); E: Average food intake in rats; F: Average water intake in rats; G: Body weight in rats; H: Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in rats; I: Area under curve (AUC) in OGTT of the rats. <i>n</i> = 10, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$\bar{x}$</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> normal (Nor) group; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> model (Mod) group. Met: 200 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup> , figureFileSmall=rs+s9c6pvFzRnTpjGtKGqQ==, figureFileBig=PQYlw89AkkZp3Yh8t2d43w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702069608710889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624305476105206, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=K37qaL7mF+r0YZl5g2Rg3A==, figureFileBig=0CCgTB1dY94tHdfqEMz7SA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702069738734320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624305476105206, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Metformin attenuated the morphological changes in the sciatic nerve of rats with STZ-induced diabetes. Images A-C show the hematoxylin-eosin (HE)-stained section of sciatic nerve at magnification of 200× in Nor group (A), Mod group (B) and Met group (C). Images D-F show the toluidine blue-stained section of sciatic nerve at magnification of 200× in Nor group (D), Mod group (E) and Met group (F). <i>n</i> = 4. Met: 200 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup> , figureFileSmall=K37qaL7mF+r0YZl5g2Rg3A==, figureFileBig=0CCgTB1dY94tHdfqEMz7SA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702069923283708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624305476105206, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=+UAO5/r8YriJ74qAw865WQ==, figureFileBig=XF7yDvqie1e9DeitcMTowA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702070107833109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624305476105206, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Effects of metformin on the levels of oxidative stress markers in rats with STZ-induced diabetes. A: Serum glutathione (GSH) levels; B: Serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities; C: Serum catalase (CAT) activities; D: Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels; E: GSH levels in the sciatic nerve; F: SOD activities in the sciatic nerve; G: CAT activities in the sciatic nerve; H: Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities in the sciatic nerve; I: MDA levels in the sciatic nerve. <i>n</i> = 10, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$\bar{x}$</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> Nor group; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> Mod group. Met: 200 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup> , figureFileSmall=+UAO5/r8YriJ74qAw865WQ==, figureFileBig=XF7yDvqie1e9DeitcMTowA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702070283993893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624305476105206, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=E0YPMtZ2Ak1/Yu5dnzsIFg==, figureFileBig=YyGH+Uwv6FDCQtZCIo/V9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702070476931894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624305476105206, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Metformin regulated the expression of genes related to oxidative stress in the sciatic nerve of rats with STZ-induced diabetes. The relative mRNA levels were normalized to the levels of the <i>β</i>-actin mRNA and the fold change in the expression of each mRNA was calculated using the 2<sup>–ΔΔ<i>C</i>t</sup> method. A: GPX1; B: CAT; C: Nrf2; D: NQO-1; E: HO-1; F: SOD1. <i>n</i> = 4-5, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$\bar{x}$</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> Nor group; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05 <i>vs</i> Mod group. Met: 200 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup> , figureFileSmall=E0YPMtZ2Ak1/Yu5dnzsIFg==, figureFileBig=YyGH+Uwv6FDCQtZCIo/V9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702070682452811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624305476105206, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ZF6YszxJTsEod/fm63F7Hg==, figureFileBig=/jcUDBPVdzJZ4dw3Rv1Rzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702070825059160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624305476105206, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Metformin attenuated systemic and sciatic nerve inflammation in rats with STZ induced diabetes. A: Serum TNF-<i>α</i> levels; B: Serum IL-1<i>β</i> levels; C: Serum IL-6 levels; Relative TNF-<i>α</i> (D), IL-1<i>β</i> (E), IL-6 (F), NLRP3 (G), caspase1 (H) and IL-10 (I) mRNA expression. <i>n</i> = 4-5, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$\bar{x}$</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> Nor group; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> Mod group. Met: 200 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup> , figureFileSmall=ZF6YszxJTsEod/fm63F7Hg==, figureFileBig=/jcUDBPVdzJZ4dw3Rv1Rzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702070997025641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624305476105206, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primer Forward primer 5′-3′ Reverse primer 5′-3′
Nrf2 TTTGTAGATGACCATGAGTCGC TGTCCTGCTGTATGCTGCTT
HO-1 TCTGCAGGGGAGAATCTTGC TTGGTGAGGGAAATGTGCCA
NQO1 ATTGTATTGGCCCACGCAGA GATTCGACCACCTCCCATCC
GPx1 GCTCACCCGCTCTTTACCTT TGGAACACCGTCTGGACCTA
SOD1 AGGGCGTCATTCACTTCGAG CCTCTCTTCATCCGCTGGAC
CAT TCACCTGAAGGACCCTGACA TCCATCTGGAATCCCTCGGT
IL-6 AGCGATGATGCACTGTCAGA GGAACTCCAGAAGACCAGAGC
IL-1β GATGACGAGCGACTGTTCCA TGGTAACCGCTCAGGTGTTG
TNF-α TTGAACCAAGCATCACGGGT TCGCCAGTCCTAACATCAGC
NLRP3 ACCACTGCTTACTTCCCCCT GCAGACCAGAATTCCCCAGG
Caspase1 GACCGAGTGGTTCCCTCAAG GACGTGTACGAGTGGGTGTT
IL-10 CCTCTGGATACAGCTGCGAC GTAGATGCCGGGTGGTTCAA
β-actin GCAGGAGTACGATGAGTCCG ACGCAGCTCAGTAACAGTCC
), ArticleFig(id=1198702071139631992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624305476105206, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

The primer sequences for real-time quantitative PCR. Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; HO-1: Heme oxygenase-1; NQO1: NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1; GPX1: Glutathione peroxidase 1; SOD1: Superoxide dismutase 1; CAT: Catalase; IL-6: Interleukin-6; IL-1β: Interleukin-1β; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor α; NLRP3: NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3; Caspase1: Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 1; IL-10: Interleukin-10

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primer Forward primer 5′-3′ Reverse primer 5′-3′
Nrf2 TTTGTAGATGACCATGAGTCGC TGTCCTGCTGTATGCTGCTT
HO-1 TCTGCAGGGGAGAATCTTGC TTGGTGAGGGAAATGTGCCA
NQO1 ATTGTATTGGCCCACGCAGA GATTCGACCACCTCCCATCC
GPx1 GCTCACCCGCTCTTTACCTT TGGAACACCGTCTGGACCTA
SOD1 AGGGCGTCATTCACTTCGAG CCTCTCTTCATCCGCTGGAC
CAT TCACCTGAAGGACCCTGACA TCCATCTGGAATCCCTCGGT
IL-6 AGCGATGATGCACTGTCAGA GGAACTCCAGAAGACCAGAGC
IL-1β GATGACGAGCGACTGTTCCA TGGTAACCGCTCAGGTGTTG
TNF-α TTGAACCAAGCATCACGGGT TCGCCAGTCCTAACATCAGC
NLRP3 ACCACTGCTTACTTCCCCCT GCAGACCAGAATTCCCCAGG
Caspase1 GACCGAGTGGTTCCCTCAAG GACGTGTACGAGTGGGTGTT
IL-10 CCTCTGGATACAGCTGCGAC GTAGATGCCGGGTGGTTCAA
β-actin GCAGGAGTACGATGAGTCCG ACGCAGCTCAGTAACAGTCC
), ArticleFig(id=1198702071319987079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624305476105206, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Group Dose/mg·kg-1 Withdrawal threshold/g Withdrawal latency/s
6th week 10th week 6th week 10th week
Nor - 44.0 ± 2.2 42.9 ± 1.9 21.6 ± 1.8 23.9 ± 2.2
Mod - 27.3 ± 2.6## 31.7 ± 2.7## 13.3 ± 1.0## 16.2 ± 1.8##
Met 200 36.8 ± 2.1** 37.2 ± 1.5** 17.2 ± 2.1** 19.9 ± 1.8**
), ArticleFig(id=1198702072469226388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624305476105206, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

Metformin improved nociceptive thresholds in rats with STZ-induced diabetes. n = 10, $\bar{x}$ ± s. ##P < 0.01 vs Nor group; **P < 0.01 vs Mod group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Group Dose/mg·kg-1 Withdrawal threshold/g Withdrawal latency/s
6th week 10th week 6th week 10th week
Nor - 44.0 ± 2.2 42.9 ± 1.9 21.6 ± 1.8 23.9 ± 2.2
Mod - 27.3 ± 2.6## 31.7 ± 2.7## 13.3 ± 1.0## 16.2 ± 1.8##
Met 200 36.8 ± 2.1** 37.2 ± 1.5** 17.2 ± 2.1** 19.9 ± 1.8**
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二甲双胍对1型糖尿病大鼠周围神经病变的影响及机制初探
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王星 1 , 李彩娜 2 , 张琳 3, 4 , 纪文明 2 , 雷蕾 2 , 曹慧 2 , 刘泉 2 , 环奕 2 , 孙素娟 2 , 刘率男 2, * , 申竹芳 2
药学学报 | 研究论文 2023,58(2): 386-395
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2023, 58(2): 386-395
二甲双胍对1型糖尿病大鼠周围神经病变的影响及机制初探
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王星1, 李彩娜2, 张琳3, 4, 纪文明2, 雷蕾2, 曹慧2, 刘泉2, 环奕2, 孙素娟2, 刘率男2, * , 申竹芳2
作者信息
  • 1.川北医学院药学院, 四川 南充 637100
  • 2.中国医学科学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 晶型药物研究北京市重点实验室, 北京 100050
  • 3.首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院, 北京 100730
  • 4.糖尿病防治研究北京市重点实验室, 北京 100730

通讯作者:

*刘率男, Tel: 13522662566, E-mail:
The effect and mechanism of metformin on peripheral neuropathy in type 1 diabetic rats
Xing WANG1, Cai-na LI2, Lin ZHANG3, 4, Wen-ming JI2, Lei LEI2, Hui CAO2, Quan LIU2, Yi HUAN2, Su-juan SUN2, Shuai-nan LIU2, * , Zhu-fang SHEN2
Affiliations
  • 1. Department of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, China
  • 2. Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Beijing 100050, China
  • 3. Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
  • 4. Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing 100730, China
出版时间: 2023-02-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0841
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糖尿病周围神经病变(diabetic peripheral neuropathy, DPN) 是1型和2型糖尿病中最常见的微血管并发症之一, 常导致患者遭受严重的痛觉过敏和异常性疼痛。迄今为止, DPN的临床治疗效果仍不令人满意。二甲双胍是一种几十年来一直被安全、广泛地用于治疗2型糖尿病的抗糖尿病药物。研究表明二甲双胍可改善DPN引起的疼痛, 但是其对DPN神经传导速度、坐骨神经形态的影响及改善DPN的机制还不清楚。因此, 本研究以链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin, STZ) 诱导SD大鼠形成的1型DPN模型为对象, 考察二甲双胍对糖尿病周围神经病变的影响及探讨初步作用机制。所有动物实验操作和福利均遵循中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所实验动物伦理与动物福利委员会的规定。模型形成成功后, 将STZ糖尿病大鼠随机分为模型组和二甲双胍治疗组, 另取10只正常SD大鼠为正常对照组, 连续灌胃给药12周。结果表明: 二甲双胍可显著降低STZ大鼠血糖、糖化血红蛋白、摄食量和饮水量; 二甲双胍明显增大STZ大鼠神经传导速度和机械刺痛阈值, 延长热板潜伏期阈值, 且改善坐骨神经病理形态异常; 此外, 二甲双胍增加STZ糖尿病大鼠血清和坐骨神经中还原型谷胱甘肽(glutathione, GSH) 含量, 增强抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT) 活性, 降低丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA) 含量, 调节坐骨神经中氧化应激相关基因的表达; 二甲双胍可显著降低STZ大鼠血清中促炎因子肿瘤坏死因子α (tumor necrosis factor α, TNF-α)、白介素(interleukin, IL)-1β、IL-6水平, 并抑制坐骨神经中这些炎症因子的基因表达水平。综上, 二甲双胍明显增大DPN大鼠神经传导速度, 改善坐骨神经形态异常和疼痛, 其作用机制可能与改善氧化应激和减轻炎症有关。

二甲双胍  /  糖尿病  /  糖尿病周围神经病变  /  炎症反应  /  氧化应激

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common microvascular complications occurring in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, which often results in patients suffering from severe hyperalgesia and allodynia. Up to now, the clinical therapeutic effect of DPN is still unsatisfactory. Metformin is an anti-diabetic drug that has been safely and widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes for decades. Studies have shown that metformin can improve pain caused by DPN, but its effects on the nerve conduction velocity and morphology of the sciatic nerve of DPN, and the mechanism for improving DPN are not clear. Therefore, the STZ-induced model of type 1 DPN in SD rats was used to study the effects of metformin on DPN, and to preliminarily explore its mechanism in this study. All animal experiments were carried out with approval of the Experimental Animal Welfare Ethics Committee of the Institute of Materia Medica (Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College). After the model was established successfully, STZ diabetic rats were randomly divided into a model group and a metformin treatment group, and 10 normal SD rats were selected as the normal control group, and the rats were intragastrically administered for 12 weeks. The results showed that metformin significantly reduced blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, food consumption and water consumption in STZ rats. Metformin markedly increased the motor nerve conduction velocity and mechanical stabbing pain threshold, prolonged the hot plate latency threshold, and improved the pathological morphological abnormalities of the sciatic nerve in STZ rats. In addition, metformin increased the content of glutathione (GSH), enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and sciatic nerve of STZ diabetic rats, as well as regulating the expression of genes related to oxidative stress in the sciatic nerve. Metformin obviously reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in the serum in STZ rats, and inhibited the gene expression of these inflammatory factors in the sciatic nerve. In summary, metformin significantly increased nerve conduction velocity, improved sciatic nerve morphological abnormalities and pain in DPN rats, which may be related to its effect in improving oxidative stress and reducing inflammation.

metformin  /  diabetes  /  diabetic peripheral neuropathy  /  inflammatory reaction  /  oxidative stress
王星, 李彩娜, 张琳, 纪文明, 雷蕾, 曹慧, 刘泉, 环奕, 孙素娟, 刘率男, 申竹芳. 二甲双胍对1型糖尿病大鼠周围神经病变的影响及机制初探. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (2) : 386 -395 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0841
Xing WANG, Cai-na LI, Lin ZHANG, Wen-ming JI, Lei LEI, Hui CAO, Quan LIU, Yi HUAN, Su-juan SUN, Shuai-nan LIU, Zhu-fang SHEN. The effect and mechanism of metformin on peripheral neuropathy in type 1 diabetic rats[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (2) : 386 -395 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0841
糖尿病周围神经病变(diabetic peripheral neuro-pathy, DPN) 是最常见糖尿病并发症之一, 来自疾病控制和预防中心的统计数据显示, 在糖尿病患者病程后期, 将有超过一半发展为DPN, 超过1/3的糖尿病患者将发展为神经性疼痛[1, 2]。在糖尿病的发展进程中, 由高血糖引起的代谢障碍诱导炎症信号通路激活, 导致线粒体和神经轴突功能障碍, 最终会导致神经损伤而引发DPN。此外, 研究显示抑制炎症反应可有效治疗和延缓DPN的发展[2]。另外, 持续高血糖可激活多元醇通路、蛋白激酶C通路和促进晚期糖基化终末产物的形成, 刺激机体活性氧的产生, 进而导致膜脂质过氧化、蛋白质硝化和DNA降解, 最终导致外周神经系统的微血管环境改变而使神经受损[3]。周围神经的氧化损伤会导致中枢神经元过度兴奋和传入感受器受损, 进而引起轴突和背根神经节自发冲动的产生, 从而引起神经性疼痛。由此可见, 减少炎症和改善氧化应激的策略可能是防治DPN的有效方法之一。
二甲双胍是2型糖尿病患者首选的一线治疗药物, 也是目前使用最广泛的口服抗糖尿病药物[4]。此外, 二甲双胍对碳水化合物代谢、减轻体重和血管保护方面有一定的益处; 它还能改善焦虑症、阿尔茨海默症及抗肿瘤效应, 对心血管和肠道菌群也有一定的调节作用[5]。已有研究提示, 二甲双胍亦可能通过调节腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(adenosine monophosphate protein kinase, AMPK) 途径缓解损伤诱导神经病理性疼痛[6], 减轻化疗所引起的小鼠神经病理性疼痛[7], 改善对脊神经结扎或神经损伤引起的腰神经根病所引起的机械性异常性疼痛等作用[8]。另外, 有研究表明二甲双胍既能改善DPN动物模型的痛觉[9, 10], 亦可改善DPN患者的疼痛症状[11]。但迄今, 二甲双胍对神经传导速度、坐骨神经的病理形态的影响及改善DPN的作用机制仍不清楚。链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin, STZ) 诱导的1型糖尿病模型被认为是研究DPN的理想动物模型, 且该模型所造成的周围神经病变与人类DPN患者相似[12, 13]。因此, 本研究以STZ诱导形成的1型糖尿病大鼠为模型, 探讨二甲双胍对糖尿病大鼠糖代谢、神经传导速度、坐骨神经病理形态影响, 并考察其是否与减轻氧化应激和炎症反应有关, 进一步明确二甲双胍对DPN的影响, 同时探讨二甲双胍改善DPN的潜在作用机制。
实验动物  雄性SD大鼠30只, 购自北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司, 许可证编号为SCXK (京) 2016-0006, 饲养于中国医学科学院药物研究所SPF级动物房。动物实验操作和福利均遵循中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所实验动物伦理与动物福利委员会的规定。
实验药品和试剂盒  二甲双胍(北京圣永制药有限公司); 链脲佐菌素(Sigma公司); 糖化血红蛋白(glycated hemoglobin A1c, HbA1c) 试剂盒(北京豪迈生物工程有限公司); 肿瘤坏死因子α (tumor necrosis factor α, TNF-α)、白介素(interleukin, IL)-1β、IL-6酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay, ELISA) 试剂盒(北京冬哥伟业科技有限公司); 还原型谷胱甘肽(glutathione, GSH)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA) 和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase, GSH-PX) 试剂盒(南京建成生物工程研究所); Trizol (Invitrogen公司); 第一链cDNA合成试剂盒、qPCR试剂盒(北京全式金生物技术有限公司)。
实验仪器  低温高速离心机(美国Thermo Scientific公司); μ-Quant酶标仪(美国BIO-TEK公司); Plantar Test、Dynamic Plantar Aesthesiometer (意大利Ugo Basile公司); BL-420S生物机能实验系统(成都泰盟软件有限公司); PCR仪Peltier Thermal Cycler (美国MJ Research公司); ABI7900 Fast PCR System (美国Applied Biosystems公司)。
STZ大鼠模型的形成及药物处理  30只正常SD大鼠适应性喂养1周后, 禁食10 h, 腹腔注射STZ (60 mg·kg-1), 其中10只大鼠注射相应体积的柠檬酸缓冲液。6天后, 禁食(4 h) 血糖值≥ 250 mg·dL-1视为糖尿病模型形成。实验动物继续喂养4周后, 根据空腹血糖和体重将高血糖大鼠随机分为模型组(model, Mod) 和二甲双胍治疗组(metformin, Met), 二甲双胍的给药剂量为200 mg·kg-1 [9, 14], 每组10只。其中注射柠檬酸缓冲液的10只大鼠作为正常对照组(normal, Nor)。按1 mL/100 g的体积量口服灌胃给药, 连续12周。
基本代谢指标检测  每周测定大鼠的体重、血糖、摄食量和饮水量。给药第11周时, 进行口服葡萄糖耐量实验(oral glucose tolerance test, OGTT), 禁食4 h后, 取血作为空腹血糖(0 min), 随后灌胃葡萄糖溶液(3 g·kg-1), 分别于糖负荷后30、60和120 min时尾尖取血, 测定各时间点血糖并绘制血糖时间曲线, 计算各组血糖曲线下面积(area under curve, AUC)。在给药第12周测定HbA1c。
机械刺痛阈值和热板潜伏期阈值测定  分别于给药第6周和第10周, 测定机械刺痛阈值和热板潜伏期阈值。装配好仪器, 设定好参数后, 将大鼠放入待测笼中, 随后打开仪器, 观察大鼠缩回受测爪时的状态, 仪器自动记录数据, 每只大鼠测定3次, 每次间隔10 min。
神经传导速度测定  给药第12周, 大鼠禁食4 h后, 戊巴比妥钠(65 mg·kg-1) 麻醉, 后腿部剃毛, 钝性剥离并暴露坐骨神经, 将大鼠卧位固定在泡沫板上。调试好电脑和电极, 将电极置于大鼠坐骨神经上, 设定好参数, 点击刺激按钮, 仪器会记录动作电位波形。随后分析波形图并计算运动神经传导速度(motor nerve conduction velocity, MNCV)。MNCV (m·s-1) =距离/潜伏期差值。
相关生化指标测定  处死大鼠取材留血样, 分离血清, 用相应试剂盒测定SOD、MDA、CAT、GSH-PX、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6。称取50 mg左右的坐骨神经, 加入预冷的生理盐水, 机械匀浆器进行匀浆后, 12 000 r·min-1、4 ℃条件下离心10 min分离出上清, 上清液中相关指标测定严格按照说明书进行, 最终结果采用BCA法进行蛋白浓度校正。
坐骨神经病理学检测  测定完神经传导速度后, 处死大鼠, 留取部分坐骨神经固定于4%中性多聚甲醛, 随后石蜡包埋, 制备厚度为5 μm的切片, 苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin, HE) 染色和甲苯胺蓝染色后, 电子显微镜下观察神经的形态并收集图片。
PCR (polymerase chain reaction) 检测方法  称取一定重量的坐骨神经, 加入Trizol, 用剪刀剪碎后再机械匀浆, 随后提取其中的RNA, 将其逆转录为cDNA。逆转条件为: 25 ℃孵育10 min; 之后42 ℃孵育15 min, 最后85 ℃灭活5 min; 结束后样品-20 ℃保存备用。逆转录完成后在qPCR仪ABI 7900HT上进行扩增反应。扩增条件为: 95 ℃ 30 s, 随后95 ℃ 5 s条件下进行40个循环, 最后60 ℃ 30 s。最终结果用相对定量法(2-ΔΔCt) 对real-time PCR产物进行分析。引物设计如表 1
统计学处理  采用均数±标准差($\bar{x}$ ± s) 表示, 两组间差异的显著性分析用Excel中的Student's t test进行, 多组间的差异分析用SPSS19.0软件中的单因素方差分析法进行分析, P < 0.05为差异具有统计学显著意义。
同Nor组大鼠神经传导速度(40.1 ± 4.5) m·s-1相比, Mod组STZ大鼠神经传导速度(22.3 ± 3.5) m·s-1明显降低(图 1A, P < 0.01), 经过二甲双胍治疗后, STZ大鼠神经传导速度(26.5 ± 3.1) m·s-1明显增大(图 1A, P < 0.05)。同Nor组相比, Mod组STZ大鼠的随机血糖、禁食血糖、HbA1c、摄食量和饮水量明显增加(图 1B~F), 体重明显降低(图 1G), Met给药10周后显著改善上述指标(图 1B~F), 但对体重无影响(图 1G)。OGTT实验结果表明: 糖负荷后, Mod组STZ大鼠各时间点的血糖和AUC显著高于Nor组, 而Met可显著减缓糖负荷后30、60、120 min时血糖水平的上升, 降低AUC (图 1HI)。结果表明, Met显著增大STZ大鼠神经传导速度并改善糖代谢紊乱状态。
DPN患者常常伴有感觉丧失或感觉异常, 如痛觉过敏、异常性疼痛和自发性疼痛。因此, 在给药第6周和第10周, 测定反映疼痛敏感程度的机械刺痛阈值和热感潜伏期阈值。结果表明(表 2), 同Nor组相比, Mod组STZ大鼠第6周和第10周的机械刺痛阈值明显降低(P < 0.01), 热板潜伏期阈值明显缩短(P < 0.01), 表明STZ大鼠对疼痛敏感; 而经过Met治疗后, 这两个指标明显改善(P < 0.01)。以上结果提示, STZ大鼠发生DPN, Met可显著改善STZ大鼠疼痛敏感度。
结果显示: Nor组大鼠有髓神经纤维大小相似, 髓鞘致密、圆形、均匀, 呈排列有序的板层结构, 无轴突萎缩或脱髓鞘(图 2)。而Mod组糖尿病大鼠有髓神经纤维髓鞘薄、松散、稀疏、数量明显减少且形状不规则, 并伴随有轴突萎缩和脱髓鞘(图 2)。而经过Met治疗12周后, STZ大鼠坐骨神经的异常病理结构有不同程度的改善(图 2)。该结果提示, Met可显著改善STZ大鼠坐骨神经的病理形态变化。
同Nor组相比, Mod组STZ大鼠血清和坐骨神经中GSH明显减少, 抗氧化酶SOD、CAT活性显著降低, 坐骨神经中GSH-PX活性明显降低, 脂质过氧化产物MDA含量明显增加(图 3)。而经过Met长期给药治疗后, STZ大鼠血清和坐骨神经中抗氧化物质明显增加, 抗氧化酶活性恢复, MDA含量减少(图 3)。提示Met改善STZ大鼠的神经病变, 可能与其缓解机体及坐骨神经中的氧化应激状态有关。
同Nor组相比, Mod组STZ大鼠坐骨神经中基因谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶1 (glutathione peroxidase 1, GPX1)、CAT、核因子E2相关因子2 (nuclear factor E2 associated factor 2, Nrf2)、NADPH醌氧化还原酶-1 (NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1, NQO1)、血红素加氧酶-1 (heme oxygenase-1, HO-1) 和SOD1表达明显降低(图 4A~F)。而Met增加STZ大鼠坐骨神经中基因GPX1、CAT、Nrf2、NQO-1和HO-1表达(图 4A~E), 并具有增加坐骨神经中基因SOD1表达的趋势(图 4F)。以上结果提示, Met增加STZ大鼠坐骨神经中抗氧化相关基因表达。
同Nor组相比, Mod组STZ大鼠血清中促炎因子TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6含量明显增加(图 5A~C), 坐骨神经中基因TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3 (NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3, NLRP3) 和半胱氨酸蛋白酶-1 (cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase, caspase1) 的表达明显增加(图 5D~H), 坐骨神经中IL-10的基因表达明显降低(图 5I)。而Met治疗12周后, STZ大鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的含量明显降低(图 5A~C), 坐骨神经中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、NLRP3和caspase1的基因表达明显降低(图 5D~H), IL-10的基因表达明显增加(图 5I)。以上结果表明, Met可能通过抑制机体和坐骨神经的炎症反应来防止DPN的发生。
DPN是糖尿病最常见的微血管并发症之一, 控制和治疗不佳则会导致截肢, 严重影响糖尿病患者的生活质量。目前, 临床上针对DPN的治疗药物有醛糖还原酶抑制剂、抗氧化剂和神经营养因子等药物[15], 这些药物在长期的使用过程中, 疗效会逐渐降低且或多或少会有一些不良反应。因此, 迫切需要寻找有效治疗DPN的药物。Met是临床上用于治疗2型糖尿病的一线药物, 有研究表明它能改善DPN患者的疼痛, 但是其作用是因有效控制血糖而产生的间接作用, 还是可直接改善DPN相关指标及作用机制仍不清楚。所以, 明确Met改善DPN的药理作用及潜在作用机制对拓展其临床适应症具有重要意义。STZ是一种含亚硝基化合物, 能特异性破坏胰岛β细胞, 导致低胰岛素血症和高血糖症, 被广泛用来形成糖尿病模型。在长期高血糖状态下亦可形成DPN动物模型, 该模型具有MNCV降低、疼痛敏感、Na+-K+-ATP酶活性降低等DPN明显特点[12]。因其成本低、诱导快、模型更稳定且对其他器官毒性相对较小, 所以较其他方法形成的DPN模型更常用[16, 17]。因此, 本研究采用STZ诱导SD大鼠形成的DPN模型, 考察口服灌胃给药Met (200 mg·kg-1) 12周, 对STZ大鼠DPN相关指标的影响。结果表明Met可能通过调节氧化应激和炎症反应而改善STZ大鼠的DPN。
DPN患者临床上最常见的表现及特征为感觉异常、疼痛、烧灼感、麻木、肌力减退等, 严重时甚至出现肌肉萎缩、瘫痪、足部溃疡甚至截肢, 而在糖尿病大鼠模型中, 则主要表现为对疼痛敏感度增加。为明确Met是否直接改善STZ大鼠的DPN, 测定反映疼痛敏感程度的机械刺痛阈值和热板潜伏期阈值, 且在实验结束时测定评价DPN金指标MNCV, 并对坐骨神经进行染色分析。结果提示: Met可显著改善STZ大鼠疼痛敏感度, 与其他研究结果相一致[18, 19]。不仅如此,Met明显增加STZ大鼠MNCV, 改善坐骨神经病理形态异常, 表明Met对STZ大鼠的DPN症状有一定的治疗作用。高血糖是1型和2型糖尿病患者神经病变的始动原因, 高血糖持续时间长短及严重程度与DPN密切相关。一方面, 高血糖通过促进炎症反应的发生及晚期糖基化终末产物的形成, 激活多元醇通路、己糖胺通路和蛋白激酶C途径, 进而促进DPN的发生与发展[20]。另一方面, 持续高血糖会促进更多葡萄糖流入神经元, 葡萄糖在神经元内代谢产生过多的糖酵解产物在细胞内累积; 这些代谢产生会进一步与核苷酸、脂质和蛋白质发生反应, 从而改变外周神经不同区域蛋白质及核苷酸的结构和功能, 进而有助于DPN的进展[21]。更为重要的是, 目前临床上针对DPN的治疗也需要将血糖严格控制在一定范围内。由此可见, 控制血糖是治疗和延缓DPN进展不可或缺的一步。而在本研究中, Met明显改善STZ大鼠的高血糖症状及糖耐量异常, 与其他研究报道相一致[22]。提示Met缓解高血糖一定程度有利于DPN的改善。
研究表明, 持续高血糖促使机体产生过多的活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS), 可进一步破坏蛋白质、DNA、核酸的结构以及激活其他与DPN发生异常变化相关的信号通路, 导致神经纤维的代谢功能障碍, 降低MNCV, 从而促进DPN的发展[23]。神经系统对ROS诱导的损伤非常敏感[24], 且DPN神经元的氧化应激更严重[25]。高血糖引起ROS产生增多的途径主要有: ①葡萄糖的氧化糖基化是主要原因; ②抗氧化酶的糖基化[26], 导致抗氧化酶的活性降低。机体维持氧化还原平衡主要依赖氧化防御系统, 该系统主要由一系列抗氧化物质和抗氧化酶构成, 例如SOD、GSH-PX和GSH[27]。SOD是保护细胞免受ROS侵害的主要抗氧化酶之一, 主要催化超氧化物自由基氧化/还原/转化为分子氧和过氧化氢。GPX是活性氧防御系统的一部分, 通过两个谷胱甘肽分子来催化过氧化氢的还原。GSH是解毒有毒物质的必需抗氧化剂, 也是细胞内氧化还原电位的主要调节剂, 还是大多数哺乳动物细胞中抵御自由基最有效的内源性抗氧化剂第一道防线[28]。神经元细胞中抗氧化能力减弱会导致自由基攻击细胞膜并引发脂质过氧化发生, 即促进MDA产生, 进而促进DPN的进展。本研究发现Met能增强STZ大鼠机体和坐骨神经中抗氧化酶活性, 降低MDA含量, 这可能是Met对DPN的保护机制之一。为进一步探讨Met调节坐骨神经氧化应激的机制, 测定坐骨神经中Nrf2/HO-1信号途径相关基因表达。结果表明, Met对该途径相关基因表达有一定的调节作用。但由于神经组织样本有限, 仅在基因层面进行验证, 后续研究仍需进一步用Western blot及免疫组化等方法在蛋白水平上进行验证, 以明确Met改善氧化应激是否与该途径直接相关。
此外, 炎症反应也是引起DPN的重要原因之一。已有研究表明在1型糖尿病大鼠的外周神经中巨噬细胞浸润和增殖明显增加[29]。在2型糖尿病db/db小鼠上, 也发现其坐骨神经中巨噬细胞浸润增加, 推测其可能与有髓和无髓神经纤维的轴突损伤有关[30]。促炎细胞因子在神经细胞中过度表达会增加神经兴奋性、损伤髓鞘、引起细胞水肿和促进免疫细胞的进一步浸润。此外, 研究表明神经损伤后炎症因子IL-1β含量增加可直接致敏初级传入神经元中的疼痛感受器[31]。IL-6通过增加神经末梢的敏感性直接诱导疼痛, 还可以通过激活信号转导和转录激活因子3信号通路来增强DPN的神经病理性疼痛[32]。进入到神经中的TNF-α也能明显促进DPN的发生与发展, 研究表明, 与野生型糖尿病小鼠相比, TNF-α敲除的糖尿病小鼠在疼痛敏感程度和MNCV方面没有发生变化, 而用TNF-α中和抗体可以恢复STZ诱导小鼠的MNCV和疼痛敏感[33]。本研究发现Met明显降低STZ大鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的含量, 并抑制坐骨神经中这些炎症基因的表达。另外, NLRP3与炎症反应密切相关, 在糖尿病的发生发展中具有重要作用。NLRP3能够识别多种外源性和内源性刺激, 通过招募并激活caspase1, 促进IL-1β和IL-18的剪切成熟与分泌, 进而引起一系列炎症反应[34]。Sun等[35]研究发现筋脉通可通过抑制STZ大鼠坐骨神经中的硫氧还蛋白相互作用蛋白/NLRP3途径而改善DPN。Zheng等[36]研究发现, 红景天苷通过调节AMPK/NLRP3途径减轻糖尿病性神经病理性疼痛。本研究发现Met可降低STZ大鼠坐骨神经中NLRP3和caspase1的基因表达, 提示Met改善炎症反应可能与抑制NLRP3及下游通路的活化有关, 但本研究仅限基因层面的探讨, 后续需更加深入研究, 明确Met改善炎症反应与NLRP3的联系。
综上所述, Met可以明显改善STZ大鼠的糖尿病症状, 增大机械刺痛阈值, 延长热板潜伏期阈值, 提高坐骨神经传导速度, 改善坐骨神经病理形态异常, 其机制可能与调控机体及坐骨神经的氧化应激和炎症反应有关, 该研究内容为拓展Met用于DPN防治和治疗提供有力的实验依据。
作者贡献: 王星负责完成文中实验部分及撰写文章; 李彩娜、纪文明、曹慧、雷蕾、刘泉、环奕和孙素娟协助进行相关实验研究、数据采集及分析工作; 申竹芳、刘率男、张琳指导实验及文章撰写。
利益冲突: 全体作者声明不存在任何利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(81973379)
  • 北京市中医药科技发展资金项目(JJ-2020-25)
  • 中国学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程项目(2021-I2M-1-026)
  • 中国学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程项目(2022-I2M-JB0011)
  • 南充市市校合作项目(22SXZRKX0012)
  • 川北医学院博士科研启动基金(CBY21-QD16)
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2023年第58卷第2期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0841
  • 接收时间:2022-07-07
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-02-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-07-07
  • 修回日期:2022-09-05
基金
国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(81973379)
北京市中医药科技发展资金项目(JJ-2020-25)
中国学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程项目(2021-I2M-1-026)
中国学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程项目(2022-I2M-JB0011)
南充市市校合作项目(22SXZRKX0012)
川北医学院博士科研启动基金(CBY21-QD16)
作者信息
    1.川北医学院药学院, 四川 南充 637100
    2.中国医学科学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 晶型药物研究北京市重点实验室, 北京 100050
    3.首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院, 北京 100730
    4.糖尿病防治研究北京市重点实验室, 北京 100730

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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