Article(id=1198624308433088685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198624302414263267, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0840, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1657209600000, receivedDateStr=2022-07-08, revisedDate=1660147200000, revisedDateStr=2022-08-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763703904493, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1676131200000, pubDateStr=2023-02-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763703904493, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763703904493, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763703904493, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198624302414263267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='2', pageStart='235', pageEnd='468', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763703903058, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763704055811, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198624943157116946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198624302414263267, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198624943161311251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198624302414263267, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=396, endPage=404, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198624310173724913, articleId=1198624308433088685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=The chemical constituents and hypoglycemic activity of alcoholic extract of sea buckthorn leaves, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
The purpose of this research is to identify the chemical constituents of sea buckthorn leaves extract (SBLE) and explore its hypoglycemic biological activity. SBLE was prepared by hot reflux extraction with 65% ethanol, and its chemical composition was analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (UHPLC-PDA-MS/MS) system. The animal experiments were compliant with ethical principles for animal use and had been approved by the Animal Experiment Ethics Committee of Jinan University. Mice were injected with streptozocin (STZ) to establish a hyperglycemic animal model, and SBLE (1.5 g·kg-1) was administered by gavage for 5 weeks. The fasting blood glucose (FBG) and oral glucose tolerance were detected. Normal mice were given SBLE (1.5 g·kg-1) by intragastric administration for 10 days, and blood was collected from the tail vein to detect the changes in blood glucose within 120 min after sucrose or starch loading. The mucous membrane of the small intestine of mice was taken to detect the activity of α-glucosidase (AG), and the activity of yeast-derived AG incubated with SBLE was evaluated. The glucose uptake by Caco-2 cells treated with SBLE was detected by fluorescence microscopy and cytometry, and the gene expression of sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) in Caco-2 cells were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). A total of 18 compounds were identified, mainly including tannins and flavonoids. SBLE reduced FBG and increased oral glucose tolerance in STZ hyperglycemic mice. SBLE effectively inhibited the increase of blood glucose caused by starch intake in normal mice. SBLE exerted good inhibitory activity on yeast-derived AG (IC50 = 16.94 μg·mL-1) and small intestinal mucosa AG with an inhibition rate of 15.48%. SBLE (25-100 μg·mL-1) dose-dependently inhibited glucose uptake by Caco-2 cells, and SBLE significantly reduced the mRNA level of SGLT1 without changing the expression of GLUT2. In conclusion, the UHPLC characteristic fingerprint of SBLE is established with 18 chemical components identified by mass spectrometry, and SBLE exerts hypoglycemic effect by inhibiting the activity of AG and the absorption of glucose by intestinal epithelial cells.
, correspAuthors=Lei LIANG, Rong-rong HE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Chang-yu YAN, Zhao-jun DING, Xiao-min LI, Xin-liang MAO, Zong-sheng YU, Zhi-fang WANG, Jian-wen YE, Kurihara HIROSHI, Yi-fang LI, Lei LIANG, Rong-rong HE), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198624312044384662, articleId=1198624308433088685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=沙棘叶醇提物的化学成分与降糖活性研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
本研究旨在检识沙棘叶提取物(sea buckthorn leaves extract, SBLE) 的化学成分并探究其降糖生物活性。通过65%乙醇热回流制备SBLE, 经UHPLC-PDA-MS/MS (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry) 系统分析其化学成分。本研究中的动物实验方案及程序均符合动物使用和护理的伦理原则, 并已获暨南大学动物实验伦理委员会批准。昆明小鼠通过注射链脲佐菌素(streptozocin, STZ) 构建高血糖动物模型, SBLE (1.5 g·kg-1) 连续灌胃给药5周, 检测高血糖小鼠的空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose, FBG) 与口服葡萄糖耐量。正常昆明小鼠SBLE (1.5 g·kg-1) 连续灌胃给药10天, 给予蔗糖或淀粉负荷, 尾静脉取血检测120 min内的血糖变化, 并收取小鼠小肠黏膜检测α-葡萄糖苷酶(α-glucosidase, AG) 的活性。体外直接将SBLE与酵母来源的AG共孵育检测其对糖苷酶活性的影响。Caco-2细胞经SBLE处理后, 通过荧光显微镜和细胞流式术检测细胞对葡萄糖的摄取, 并采用实时定量PCR技术检测SGLT1 (sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1) 和GLUT2 (glucose transporter 2) 基因的表达。质谱分析共检识了18个化合物, 主要类型为鞣质和黄酮。SBLE能降低STZ高血糖小鼠的FBG并增加口服葡萄糖耐量。SBLE可有效抑制正常小鼠由淀粉摄入引起的血糖升高。SBLE对酵母来源AG具有较好的抑制活性(IC50 = 16.94 μg·mL-1), 同时能降低正常小鼠小肠黏膜AG的活性, 抑制率为15.48%。SBLE (25~100 μg·mL-1) 可剂量依赖性地抑制Caco-2细胞对葡萄糖的摄取, 并且SBLE可显著降低SGLT1基因的水平, 但不影响GLUT2的表达。本研究建立了SBLE的UHPLC特征指纹图谱, 质谱检识了18个化学成分; 发现SBLE可通过抑制AG的活性与肠道上皮细胞对葡萄糖的吸收发挥降糖作用。
, correspAuthors=梁磊, 何蓉蓉, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=POfAoVye2XGLinbvEaChlQ==, magXml=N8VktT8Z3Yu838j6Q1T61w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=zeLQWyM9IbxhSKSBBxEaKA==, pdfFileSize=2067512, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=o2ZCqU7y2AiIFzMhlPg53g==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=p8gwNmcuIwteFumFIokONA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=闫昌誉, 丁肇俊, 李晓敏, 毛新亮, 余宗盛, 王志芳, 叶健文, 栗原博, 李怡芳, 梁磊, 何蓉蓉)}, authors=[Author(id=1198702061538866089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198702061689861049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, authorId=1198702061538866089, language=EN, stringName=Chang-yu YAN, firstName=Chang-yu, middleName=null, lastName=YAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, 3, 4, address=1. Perfect (Guangdong) Co., Ltd., Zhongshan 528400, China
2. Perfect Life Sciences Research Institute Co., Ltd., Zhongshan 528400, China
3. Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
4. International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198702061832467397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, authorId=1198702061538866089, language=CN, stringName=闫昌誉, firstName=昌誉, middleName=null, lastName=闫, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, 3, 4, address=1.完美 (广东) 日用品有限公司, 广东 中山 528400
2.广东完美生命健康科技研究院有限公司, 广东 中山 528400
3.广东省中药药效物质基础及创新药物研究重点实验室, 暨南大学药学院, 广东 广州 510632
4.教育部中药与创新药物研究国际合作联合实验室, 暨南大学药学院, 广东 广州 510632, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198702060498678614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702060507067225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, companyId=1198702060498678614, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Perfect (Guangdong) Co., Ltd., Zhongshan 528400, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702060515455834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, companyId=1198702060498678614, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.完美 (广东) 日用品有限公司, 广东 中山 528400)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198702060670645097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702060679033706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, companyId=1198702060670645097, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Perfect Life Sciences Research Institute Co., Ltd., Zhongshan 528400, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702060691616620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, companyId=1198702060670645097, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.广东完美生命健康科技研究院有限公司, 广东 中山 528400)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198702060813251445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702060859388794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, companyId=1198702060813251445, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702060867777404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, companyId=1198702060813251445, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.广东省中药药效物质基础及创新药物研究重点实验室, 暨南大学药学院, 广东 广州 510632)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198702061152990088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702061173961610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, companyId=1198702061152990088, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4. International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702061199127440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, companyId=1198702061152990088, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.教育部中药与创新药物研究国际合作联合实验室, 暨南大学药学院, 广东 广州 510632)])]), Author(id=1198702061983462351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198702062193177571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, authorId=1198702061983462351, language=EN, stringName=Zhao-jun DING, firstName=Zhao-jun, middleName=null, lastName=DING, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
3, 4, address=3. Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
4. International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198702062356755436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, authorId=1198702061983462351, language=CN, stringName=丁肇俊, firstName=肇俊, middleName=null, lastName=丁, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
3, 4, address=3.广东省中药药效物质基础及创新药物研究重点实验室, 暨南大学药学院, 广东 广州 510632
4.教育部中药与创新药物研究国际合作联合实验室, 暨南大学药学院, 广东 广州 510632, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198702060813251445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702060859388794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, companyId=1198702060813251445, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702060867777404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, companyId=1198702060813251445, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.广东省中药药效物质基础及创新药物研究重点实验室, 暨南大学药学院, 广东 广州 510632)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198702061152990088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702061173961610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, companyId=1198702061152990088, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4. International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702061199127440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, companyId=1198702061152990088, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.教育部中药与创新药物研究国际合作联合实验室, 暨南大学药学院, 广东 广州 510632)])]), Author(id=1198702063505994745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198702063665377290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, authorId=1198702063505994745, language=EN, stringName=Xiao-min LI, firstName=Xiao-min, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, address=1. Perfect (Guangdong) Co., Ltd., Zhongshan 528400, China
2. Perfect Life Sciences Research Institute Co., Ltd., Zhongshan 528400, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198702063849926684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, authorId=1198702063505994745, language=CN, stringName=李晓敏, firstName=晓敏, middleName=null, lastName=李, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, address=1.完美 (广东) 日用品有限公司, 广东 中山 528400
2.广东完美生命健康科技研究院有限公司, 广东 中山 528400, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198702060498678614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702060507067225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, companyId=1198702060498678614, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Perfect (Guangdong) Co., Ltd., Zhongshan 528400, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702060515455834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, companyId=1198702060498678614, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.完美 (广东) 日用品有限公司, 广东 中山 528400)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198702060670645097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702060679033706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, companyId=1198702060670645097, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Perfect Life Sciences Research Institute Co., Ltd., Zhongshan 528400, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702060691616620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, companyId=1198702060670645097, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.广东完美生命健康科技研究院有限公司, 广东 中山 528400)])]), Author(id=1198702063996727337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198702064160305210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, authorId=1198702063996727337, language=EN, stringName=Xin-liang MAO, firstName=Xin-liang, middleName=null, lastName=MAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, address=1. Perfect (Guangdong) Co., Ltd., Zhongshan 528400, China
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2. Perfect Life Sciences Research Institute Co., Ltd., Zhongshan 528400, China
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4. International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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5.广东省疾病易感性及中医药研发工程技术研究中心, 暨南大学中医学院, 广东 广州 510632, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198702060498678614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702060507067225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, companyId=1198702060498678614, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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4. International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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The characteristics fingerprint of the sea buckthorn leaves extract. The compound information of peaks 1-18 is presented in Table 1. Asterisk (*) indicates the compounds which are identified with the corresponding standard , figureFileSmall=HElpukNFiIm0sKpbDEW0xw==, figureFileBig=zvUfOyQDuU5UVC3vtptFDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702072569885374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=VHOJpaeXWKC5J4577cS/ng==, figureFileBig=2byUZsjU/XYQSW7JyspoBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702072695714508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption=
Effects of sea buckthorn leaves extract (SBLE) on fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glucose tolerance test in streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. A: FBG of mice every week; B, C: Glucose tolerance test (B) and the area under the curve (AUC, C) within 120 min of oral glucose. n = 5, $\bar{x}$ ± standard error of the mean (SEM). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs control; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 vs STZ , figureFileSmall=VHOJpaeXWKC5J4577cS/ng==, figureFileBig=2byUZsjU/XYQSW7JyspoBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702072821543642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Y7zBCU+H/TANlD210rhpWw==, figureFileBig=C2PhFjK/q9kyw3geMIeFdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702072968344294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption=
Effects of SBLE on carbohydrate tolerance test of normal mice. A: The time course of blood glucose after oral starch; B: The time course of blood glucose after oral sucrose. n = 7, $\bar{x}$ ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs control , figureFileSmall=Y7zBCU+H/TANlD210rhpWw==, figureFileBig=C2PhFjK/q9kyw3geMIeFdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702073073201903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=E563xLeRRMfE582PTgFUXQ==, figureFileBig=YUEoTuVesAay4USFqA5Hvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702073186448128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption=
The effects of SBLE and acarbose on α-glucosidase (AG) in vitro. A: The inhibition curve of SBLE on AG (n = 3); B: The inhibition curve of acarbose on AG (n = 3). $\bar{x}$ ± SEM. IC50: Half-maximal inhibitory concentration , figureFileSmall=E563xLeRRMfE582PTgFUXQ==, figureFileBig=YUEoTuVesAay4USFqA5Hvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702073320665870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=g/Cvt4R7eZESmwO/o82keQ==, figureFileBig=VF6XIqruaQ9O7onTiIgtOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702073467466523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption=
The effect of SBLE on glucose uptake by Caco-2 cells. A: The viability of Caco-2 cells (n = 5); B: The 2-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diazol-4-yl) amino)-2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG) signal by fluorescence microscope (n = 3). Scale bar: 500 μm; C, D: The intracellular 2-NBDG detected by cytometry (n = 3). $\bar{x}$ ± SEM. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; ns: Not significant vs control; FITC: Fluorescein isothiocyanate , figureFileSmall=g/Cvt4R7eZESmwO/o82keQ==, figureFileBig=VF6XIqruaQ9O7onTiIgtOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702073631044393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=MCuuFcm40TVbbkMoPeDGbA==, figureFileBig=xE7YIrnY0AphFiyqyAIiNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702073782039359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption=
The effect of SBLE on the expressions of sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1, A) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2, B) in Caco-2 cells. The mRNA levels were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). β-Actin was set as the housekeeping gene. Gene expressions presented as fold changes relative to the control group (n = 3). $\bar{x}$ ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs control , figureFileSmall=MCuuFcm40TVbbkMoPeDGbA==, figureFileBig=xE7YIrnY0AphFiyqyAIiNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702074004337492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| No. | tR /min | Formula | Mode | Detected (m/z) /error (ppm) | MS/MS (m/z) | Identification | Ref. |
| 1 | 4.22 | C34H24O22 | [M-H]- | 783.069 5/2.518 | 481.064 7, 300.999 4, 275.020 2 | Pedunculagin isomer | [9] |
| 2 | 5.63 | C34H24O22 | [M-H]- | 783.069 8/2.824 | 481.063 6, 300.999 3, 275.020 1 | Pedunculagin isomer | [9] |
| 3 | 6.68 | C27H22O18 | [M-H]- | 633.074 0/2.069 | 300.999 4, 275.019 8, 249.040 5, 169.013 6 | Galloyl-HHDP-glucopyranose | [9] |
| 4 | 7.05 | C41H28O26 | [M-H]- | 935.080 4/2.003 | 633.074 5, 300.999 9, 169.013 3 | Galloyl-bis-HHDP-glucopyranose | [9] |
| 5 | 8.64 | C27H14O9 | [M-H]- | 481.052 4/-6.254 | 300.999 5, 275.020 3 | HHDP-glucopyranose | [9] |
| 6 | 9.15 | C34H42O21 | [M-H]- | 785.215 8/2.898 | 315.051 7 | Isorhamnetin-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-rhamnoside | [10] |
| 7 | 10.12 | C9H10O5 | [M-H]- | 197.044 8/1.878 | 169.013 3, 124.015 3 | Syringic acid | [11] |
| 8* | 11.40 | C27H30O16 | [M-H]- | 609.146 7/2.723 | 463.087 4, 447.094 1, 301.036 1, 271.025 9, 151.002 9 | Rutin | [10] |
| 9 | 12.48 | C19H14O12 | [M-H]- | 433.041 7/3.551 | 300.999 3 | Ellagic acid pentoside | [12] |
| 10* | 13.55 | C14H6O8 | [M-H]- | 300.999 2/4.274 | 283.997 7, 257.009 4, 229.014 2, 201.019 9 | Ellagic acid | [13] |
| 11 | 13.97 | C27H30O15 | [M-H]- | 593.151 8/2.855 | 447.093 7, 431.099 1, 285.040 7 | Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside | [10] |
| 12 | 14.09 | C27H30O16 | [M-H]- | 609.146 5/2.411 | 301.035 7, 300.027 8, 271.023 6, 151.002 9 | Quercetin-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside | [14] |
| 13 | 14.65 | C28H32O16 | [M-H]- | 623.162 4/2.710 | 477.104 9, 461.110 0, 445.078 5, 315.051 7 | Isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside isomer | [10] |
| 14 | 15.08 | C27H30O15 | [M-H]- | 593.152 1/3.479 | 461.109 9, 447.093 8, 313.085 9, 285.040 5 | Kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-glucoside | [15] |
| 15* | 15.77 | C27H30O15 | [M-H]- | 593.152 1/3.378 | 285.040 7, 255.030 3, 151.002 7 | Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside | [16] |
| 16 | 16.07 | C28H32O16 | [M-H]- | 623.162 2/2.518 | 477.103 2, 315.051 7 | Isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside isomer | [10] |
| 17* | 16.38 | C22H22O12 | [M-H]- | 477.104 5/3.705 | 315.051 8, 285.040 8, 271.025 2, 243.029 9 | Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside | [10] |
| 18 | 17.95 | C30H26O13 | [M-H]- | 593.130 7/2.989 | 447.091 8, 285.040 8, 229.050 0, 151.002 7 | Kaempferol-3-O-β-D-(6"-O-p-coumaryl) glycoside | [17] |
), ArticleFig(id=1198702074159526750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=
Identification of chemical compounds of sea buckthorn leaves extract. *Compared with standards; MS: Mass spectrometry; HHDP: Hexahydroxydiphenic acid
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| No. | tR /min | Formula | Mode | Detected (m/z) /error (ppm) | MS/MS (m/z) | Identification | Ref. |
| 1 | 4.22 | C34H24O22 | [M-H]- | 783.069 5/2.518 | 481.064 7, 300.999 4, 275.020 2 | Pedunculagin isomer | [9] |
| 2 | 5.63 | C34H24O22 | [M-H]- | 783.069 8/2.824 | 481.063 6, 300.999 3, 275.020 1 | Pedunculagin isomer | [9] |
| 3 | 6.68 | C27H22O18 | [M-H]- | 633.074 0/2.069 | 300.999 4, 275.019 8, 249.040 5, 169.013 6 | Galloyl-HHDP-glucopyranose | [9] |
| 4 | 7.05 | C41H28O26 | [M-H]- | 935.080 4/2.003 | 633.074 5, 300.999 9, 169.013 3 | Galloyl-bis-HHDP-glucopyranose | [9] |
| 5 | 8.64 | C27H14O9 | [M-H]- | 481.052 4/-6.254 | 300.999 5, 275.020 3 | HHDP-glucopyranose | [9] |
| 6 | 9.15 | C34H42O21 | [M-H]- | 785.215 8/2.898 | 315.051 7 | Isorhamnetin-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-rhamnoside | [10] |
| 7 | 10.12 | C9H10O5 | [M-H]- | 197.044 8/1.878 | 169.013 3, 124.015 3 | Syringic acid | [11] |
| 8* | 11.40 | C27H30O16 | [M-H]- | 609.146 7/2.723 | 463.087 4, 447.094 1, 301.036 1, 271.025 9, 151.002 9 | Rutin | [10] |
| 9 | 12.48 | C19H14O12 | [M-H]- | 433.041 7/3.551 | 300.999 3 | Ellagic acid pentoside | [12] |
| 10* | 13.55 | C14H6O8 | [M-H]- | 300.999 2/4.274 | 283.997 7, 257.009 4, 229.014 2, 201.019 9 | Ellagic acid | [13] |
| 11 | 13.97 | C27H30O15 | [M-H]- | 593.151 8/2.855 | 447.093 7, 431.099 1, 285.040 7 | Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside | [10] |
| 12 | 14.09 | C27H30O16 | [M-H]- | 609.146 5/2.411 | 301.035 7, 300.027 8, 271.023 6, 151.002 9 | Quercetin-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside | [14] |
| 13 | 14.65 | C28H32O16 | [M-H]- | 623.162 4/2.710 | 477.104 9, 461.110 0, 445.078 5, 315.051 7 | Isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside isomer | [10] |
| 14 | 15.08 | C27H30O15 | [M-H]- | 593.152 1/3.479 | 461.109 9, 447.093 8, 313.085 9, 285.040 5 | Kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-glucoside | [15] |
| 15* | 15.77 | C27H30O15 | [M-H]- | 593.152 1/3.378 | 285.040 7, 255.030 3, 151.002 7 | Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside | [16] |
| 16 | 16.07 | C28H32O16 | [M-H]- | 623.162 2/2.518 | 477.103 2, 315.051 7 | Isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside isomer | [10] |
| 17* | 16.38 | C22H22O12 | [M-H]- | 477.104 5/3.705 | 315.051 8, 285.040 8, 271.025 2, 243.029 9 | Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside | [10] |
| 18 | 17.95 | C30H26O13 | [M-H]- | 593.130 7/2.989 | 447.091 8, 285.040 8, 229.050 0, 151.002 7 | Kaempferol-3-O-β-D-(6"-O-p-coumaryl) glycoside | [17] |
), ArticleFig(id=1198702074335687533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Group | AG/U·mg protein-1 | Inhibition rate/% |
| Control | 0.063 ± 0.002 | - |
| SBLE (1.5 g·kg-1) | 0.053 ± 0.001** | 15.48 |
| Acarbose (30.75 mg·kg-1) | 0.029 ± 0.000*** | 53.91 |
), ArticleFig(id=1198702074503459704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624308433088685, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=
The effect of SBLE on AG in small intestinal mucosa of mice. n = 7, $\bar{x}$ ± SEM. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs control
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Group | AG/U·mg protein-1 | Inhibition rate/% |
| Control | 0.063 ± 0.002 | - |
| SBLE (1.5 g·kg-1) | 0.053 ± 0.001** | 15.48 |
| Acarbose (30.75 mg·kg-1) | 0.029 ± 0.000*** | 53.91 |
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