Article(id=1198622899654460152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198622898320671473, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0797, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1656518400000, receivedDateStr=2022-06-30, revisedDate=1659369600000, revisedDateStr=2022-08-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763703568613, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1673452800000, pubDateStr=2023-01-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763703568613, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763703568613, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763703568613, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198622898320671473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='234', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1673452800000', pubDateStr='2023-01-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763703568296, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1763703697615, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198623440782586642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198622898320671473, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198623440782586643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198622898320671473, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=170, endPage=179, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198622900023558908, articleId=1198622899654460152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Phenolic glycosides from the stems and twigs of Strychnos cathayensis and their biological activities, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Fourteen compounds were isolated from the n-butanol fraction of the 95% aqueous ethanol extract of the stems and twigs of Strychnos cathayensis by D101 macroporous resin, silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and semipreparative RP-HPLC. Their structures were elucidated as ethyl 4-O-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillate (1), n-butyl 4-O-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillate (2), n-butyl 4-O-(6′-O-syringoyl)-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillate (3), n-butyl 4-O-(6′-O-vanilloyl)-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillate (4), n-butyl 4-O-(6′-O-syringoyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-vanillate (5), n-butyl 4-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-syringate (6), methyl 3-methoxy-4-(β-D-allopyranosyloxy) benzoate (7), pseudolaroside B (8), butyl syringate (9), glucosyringic acid (10), methyl syringate (11), methyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate (12), clemochinenoside C (13), and clemoarmanoside A (14), respectively, on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation and by comparison with literature information. Compounds 1-6 are artificial products of phenolic acid esterified by ethanol or n-butanol. It is noted that the precursors (4-O-(6′-O-syringoyl)-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillic acid and 4-O-(6′-O-vanilloyl)-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillic acid) of compounds 3 and 4 are new compounds. The hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of compounds 1-13 were evaluated in vitro at a concentration of 10 μmol·L-1. Compounds 1, 2 and 6-10 exhibited potential hepatic protection effects with cell survival rates ranging from 53.6% to 55.5% (acetaminophen, 45.4% at 8 mmol·L-1). Compound 4 demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity with nitric oxide inhibitory rate of 74.6%. Compounds 3 and 5 showed potential antioxidant activities with malondialdehyde inhibitory rates of 53.2% and 56.1%, respectively.

, authors=null, authorsList=Qi-ming PAN, Shuang-gang MA, Yong LI, Dan ZHANG, Hua SUN, Qi HOU, Xiao-guang CHEN, Shi-shan YU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shi-shan YU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198622902041019166, articleId=1198622899654460152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=三脉马钱茎枝中酚苷类成分及其生物活性研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

应用大孔树脂、硅胶、ODS、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱和半制备HPLC对三脉马钱茎枝95%乙醇提取物的正丁醇部位进行分离纯化, 分离得到14个化合物, 通过高分辨质谱、核磁共振波谱和文献数据分析, 分别鉴定为: 4-O-β-D-吡喃阿洛糖基香草酸乙酯(1)、4-O-β-D-吡喃阿洛糖基香草酸正丁酯(2)、4-O-(6′-O-丁香酰基)-β-D-吡喃阿洛糖基香草酸正丁酯(3)、4-O-(6′-O-香草酰基)-β-D-吡喃阿洛糖基香草酸正丁酯(4)、4-O-(6′-O-丁香酰基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基香草酸正丁酯(5)、4-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基丁香酸正丁酯(6)、3-甲氧基-4-β-D-吡喃阿洛糖氧基苯甲酸甲酯(7)、金钱松苷B (8)、丁香酸丁酯(9)、丁香酸葡萄糖苷(10)、丁香酸甲酯(11)、香草酸甲酯(12)、威灵仙苷C (13) 和小木通苷A (14), 其中化合物1~6为酚酸乙酯或正丁酯的人工产物。需要指出的是, 化合物34的生源前体4-O-(6′-O-丁香酰基)-β-D-吡喃阿洛糖基香草酸和4-O-(6′-O-香草酰基)-β-D-吡喃阿洛糖基香草酸均为新化合物。化合物1~13的体外活性评价表明, 在10 μmol·L-1的浓度下, 化合物126~10均具有潜在的肝细胞保护活性, 细胞存活率由扑热息痛模型组的45.4%提高到53.6%~55.5%; 化合物4具有一定的抗炎作用, 其一氧化氮生成抑制率为74.6%; 化合物35具有潜在抗氧化活性, 在10 μmol·L-1的浓度下, 丙二醛生成抑制率分别为53.2%和56.1%。

, authors=null, authorsList=潘其明, 马双刚, 李勇, 张丹, 孙华, 侯琦, 陈晓光, 庾石山, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=庾石山, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*庾石山, Tel: 86-10-63165326, E-mail:
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J Med Chem, 2014, 57: 7600-7612., articleTitle=Novel nitric oxide-releasing derivatives of brusatol as anti-inflammatory agents: design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and nitric oxide release studies, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1198702083567350127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622899654460152, awardId=21732008, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(21732008), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198702074184692578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622899654460152, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702074193081187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622899654460152, companyId=1198702074184692578, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702074201469796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622899654460152, companyId=1198702074184692578, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1198702081965125895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622899654460152, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=xQXfaURaCrGW++hcQLmpNg==, figureFileBig=VhimPgJD2QlpVFkjgPv4yQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702082107732234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622899654460152, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Structures of compounds <strong>1</strong>-<strong>14</strong> , figureFileSmall=xQXfaURaCrGW++hcQLmpNg==, figureFileBig=VhimPgJD2QlpVFkjgPv4yQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702082292281622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622899654460152, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=kPOzerDxKp6WxaR1MHgGUg==, figureFileBig=qZUHpbqJRslE0qTdK+1S6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702082397139231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622899654460152, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Hepatoprotective effects of compounds <strong>1</strong>-<strong>13</strong> against acetaminophen (APAP) induced damage in HepG2 cells. The isolated compounds (<strong>1</strong>-<strong>13</strong>) and acetaminophen were added in the culture medium to give final concentrations of 10 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup> and 8 mmol·L<sup>-1</sup>, respectively; data are presented as the mean ± SD (<i>n</i> = 3); <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> solvent control group; <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> APAP group; bicyclol (20 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>) was used as the positive control , figureFileSmall=kPOzerDxKp6WxaR1MHgGUg==, figureFileBig=qZUHpbqJRslE0qTdK+1S6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702082510385448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622899654460152, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6
2 7.58, d (1.9) 7.57, d (1.8) 7.52, d (2.0) 7.53, d (2.0) 7.53, d (2.0) 7.31, s
5 7.21, d (8.5) 7.21, d (8.5) 7.07, d (8.5) 7.10, d (8.5) 7.06, d (8.5)
6 7.63, dd (8.5, 1.9) 7.62, dd (8.5, 1.8) 7.26, dd (8.5, 2.0) 7.34, dd (8.5, 2.0) 7.25, dd (8.5, 2.0) 7.31, s
8 4.33, q (7.1) 4.27, t (6.6) 4.27, m 4.27, td (6.6, 1.4) 4.27, m 4.30, t (6.7)
9 1.37, t (7.1) 1.73, m 1.73, m 1.73, m 1.73, m 1.75, m
10 1.49, m 1.49, m 1.49, m 1.45, m 1.48, m
11 0.99, t (7.4) 0.98, t (7.4) 0.99, t (7.4) 0.98, t (7.4) 0.99, t (7.4)
1′ 5.36, d (7.8) 5.36, d (7.8) 5.34, d (7.8) 5.35, d (7.8) 5.03, d (7.5) 5.34, d (1.7)
2′ 3.67, overlap 3.67, overlap 3.71, dd (7.8, 3.0) 3.72, dd (7.8, 3.0) 3.56, dd (9.1, 7.4) 4.13, dd (3.4, 1.7)
3′ 4.15, t (3.0) 4.15, t (3.0) 4.18, t (3.0) 4.18, t (3.0) 3.52, t (8.9) 3.89, dd (9.6, 3.4)
4′ 3.60, dd (9.7, 3.0) 3.60, dd (9.5, 3.0) 3.63, dd (9.7, 3.0) 3.63, dd (9.7, 3.0) 3.43, t (9.4, 8.8) 3.43, t (9.6)
5′ 3.86, overlap 3.86, overlap 4.22, m 4.22, m 3.81, m 4.23, dd (9.6, 6.3)
6′ 3.86, overlap 3.86, overlap 4.65, dd (11.8, 2.3) 4.63, dd (11.8, 2.3) 4.69, dd (12.0, 1.8) 1.20, d (6.3)
3.67, overlap 3.67, overlap 4.40, dd (11.8, 8.0) 4.36, dd (11.8, 8.0) 4.41, dd (12.0, 7.8)
2′′ 7.28, s 7.48, d (2.0) 7.28, s
5′′ 6.84, d (8.3)
6′′ 7.28, s 7.54, dd (8.3, 2.0) 7.28, s
3-OMe 3.88, s 3.88, s 3.86, s 3.86, s 3.86, s 3.87, s
5-OMe 3.87, s
3′′-OMe 3.82, s 3.83, s 3.82, s
5′′-OMe 3.82, s 3.82, s
), ArticleFig(id=1198702082619437359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622899654460152, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

1H NMR (600 MHz) data of compounds 1-6 in methanol-d4 (J in Hz)

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No. 1 2 3 4 5 6
2 7.58, d (1.9) 7.57, d (1.8) 7.52, d (2.0) 7.53, d (2.0) 7.53, d (2.0) 7.31, s
5 7.21, d (8.5) 7.21, d (8.5) 7.07, d (8.5) 7.10, d (8.5) 7.06, d (8.5)
6 7.63, dd (8.5, 1.9) 7.62, dd (8.5, 1.8) 7.26, dd (8.5, 2.0) 7.34, dd (8.5, 2.0) 7.25, dd (8.5, 2.0) 7.31, s
8 4.33, q (7.1) 4.27, t (6.6) 4.27, m 4.27, td (6.6, 1.4) 4.27, m 4.30, t (6.7)
9 1.37, t (7.1) 1.73, m 1.73, m 1.73, m 1.73, m 1.75, m
10 1.49, m 1.49, m 1.49, m 1.45, m 1.48, m
11 0.99, t (7.4) 0.98, t (7.4) 0.99, t (7.4) 0.98, t (7.4) 0.99, t (7.4)
1′ 5.36, d (7.8) 5.36, d (7.8) 5.34, d (7.8) 5.35, d (7.8) 5.03, d (7.5) 5.34, d (1.7)
2′ 3.67, overlap 3.67, overlap 3.71, dd (7.8, 3.0) 3.72, dd (7.8, 3.0) 3.56, dd (9.1, 7.4) 4.13, dd (3.4, 1.7)
3′ 4.15, t (3.0) 4.15, t (3.0) 4.18, t (3.0) 4.18, t (3.0) 3.52, t (8.9) 3.89, dd (9.6, 3.4)
4′ 3.60, dd (9.7, 3.0) 3.60, dd (9.5, 3.0) 3.63, dd (9.7, 3.0) 3.63, dd (9.7, 3.0) 3.43, t (9.4, 8.8) 3.43, t (9.6)
5′ 3.86, overlap 3.86, overlap 4.22, m 4.22, m 3.81, m 4.23, dd (9.6, 6.3)
6′ 3.86, overlap 3.86, overlap 4.65, dd (11.8, 2.3) 4.63, dd (11.8, 2.3) 4.69, dd (12.0, 1.8) 1.20, d (6.3)
3.67, overlap 3.67, overlap 4.40, dd (11.8, 8.0) 4.36, dd (11.8, 8.0) 4.41, dd (12.0, 7.8)
2′′ 7.28, s 7.48, d (2.0) 7.28, s
5′′ 6.84, d (8.3)
6′′ 7.28, s 7.54, dd (8.3, 2.0) 7.28, s
3-OMe 3.88, s 3.88, s 3.86, s 3.86, s 3.86, s 3.87, s
5-OMe 3.87, s
3′′-OMe 3.82, s 3.83, s 3.82, s
5′′-OMe 3.82, s 3.82, s
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No. 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 125.5 125.5 125.5 125.5 125.7 127.4
2 114.1 114.0 114.0 114.0 114.0 107.6
3 150.4 150.4 150.1 150.4 150.5 154.6
4 152.4 152.4 152.1 152.0 151.7 140.0
5 116.2 116.2 116.2 116.3 116.4 154.6
6 124.5 124.5 124.2 124.3 124.2 107.6
7 167.8 167.9 167.8 167.9 167.7 167.6
8 62.1 65.9 65.7 65.6 65.1 66.2
9 14.6 31.9 31.9 31.9 31.9 31.9
10 20.3 20.3 20.3 20.3 20.3
11 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.1
1′ 99.9 99.9 99.8 99.7 101.7 103.4
2′ 71.9 71.9 71.9 71.8 74.7 71.4
3′ 72.9 72.9 72.8 72.9 77.8 72.2
4′ 68.6 68.6 69.6 69.5 72.1 73.7
5′ 75.9 75.9 73.6 73.5 74.7 72.0
6′ 62.8 62.8 65.9 65.9 66.0 17.9
1′′ 121.2 122.3 121.2
2′′ 108.4 113.7 108.4
3′′ 148.9 148.8 148.9
4′′ 142.3 153.2 142.3
5′′ 148.9 116.0 148.9
6′′ 108.4 125.2 108.4
7′′ 167.7 167.7 167.8
3-OMe 56.7 56.7 56.9 56.6 56.7 56.6
5-OMe 56.6
3′′-OMe 56.9 56.5 56.9
5′′-OMe 56.9 56.9
), ArticleFig(id=1198702082900455749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622899654460152, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

13C NMR (150 MHz) data of compounds 1-6 in methanol-d4

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No. 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 125.5 125.5 125.5 125.5 125.7 127.4
2 114.1 114.0 114.0 114.0 114.0 107.6
3 150.4 150.4 150.1 150.4 150.5 154.6
4 152.4 152.4 152.1 152.0 151.7 140.0
5 116.2 116.2 116.2 116.3 116.4 154.6
6 124.5 124.5 124.2 124.3 124.2 107.6
7 167.8 167.9 167.8 167.9 167.7 167.6
8 62.1 65.9 65.7 65.6 65.1 66.2
9 14.6 31.9 31.9 31.9 31.9 31.9
10 20.3 20.3 20.3 20.3 20.3
11 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.1
1′ 99.9 99.9 99.8 99.7 101.7 103.4
2′ 71.9 71.9 71.9 71.8 74.7 71.4
3′ 72.9 72.9 72.8 72.9 77.8 72.2
4′ 68.6 68.6 69.6 69.5 72.1 73.7
5′ 75.9 75.9 73.6 73.5 74.7 72.0
6′ 62.8 62.8 65.9 65.9 66.0 17.9
1′′ 121.2 122.3 121.2
2′′ 108.4 113.7 108.4
3′′ 148.9 148.8 148.9
4′′ 142.3 153.2 142.3
5′′ 148.9 116.0 148.9
6′′ 108.4 125.2 108.4
7′′ 167.7 167.7 167.8
3-OMe 56.7 56.7 56.9 56.6 56.7 56.6
5-OMe 56.6
3′′-OMe 56.9 56.5 56.9
5′′-OMe 56.9 56.9
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Compounds Concentration /μmol·L-1 Inhibition of NO production/% Inhibition of cell growth/%
3 10 53.4 9.7
4 10 74.6 -1.0
12 10 45.8 0.1
DEX* 10 94.9 8.3
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Cytotoxicity and inhibitory activities of compounds 1-13 against LPS induced NO production in primary mouse peritoneal macrophages ($\bar{x}$ ± s, n = 3). The NO inhibitory rates of the rest compounds were under 40% at the concentration of 10 μmol·L-1. *Dexamethasone (DEX) was used as the positive control

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Compounds Concentration /μmol·L-1 Inhibition of NO production/% Inhibition of cell growth/%
3 10 53.4 9.7
4 10 74.6 -1.0
12 10 45.8 0.1
DEX* 10 94.9 8.3
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Compounds Concentration /μmol·L-1 Inhibition of MDA production/%
3 10 53.2
5 10 56.1
9 10 35.7
Curcumine* 10 95.9
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Inhibitory activities of compounds 1-13 against MDA production ($\bar{x}$ ± s, n = 3). The MDA inhibitory rates of the rest compounds were under 20% at the concentration of 10 μmol·L-1. *Positive control

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Compounds Concentration /μmol·L-1 Inhibition of MDA production/%
3 10 53.2
5 10 56.1
9 10 35.7
Curcumine* 10 95.9
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三脉马钱茎枝中酚苷类成分及其生物活性研究
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潘其明 , 马双刚 , 李勇 , 张丹 , 孙华 , 侯琦 , 陈晓光 , 庾石山 *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2023,58(1): 170-179
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药学学报 |研究论文 2023 , 58 (1) : 170 -179
三脉马钱茎枝中酚苷类成分及其生物活性研究
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潘其明, 马双刚, 李勇, 张丹, 孙华, 侯琦, 陈晓光, 庾石山*
作者信息
  • 中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050
通讯作者:
*庾石山, Tel: 86-10-63165326, E-mail:
Phenolic glycosides from the stems and twigs of Strychnos cathayensis and their biological activities
Qi-ming PAN, Shuang-gang MA, Yong LI, Dan ZHANG, Hua SUN, Qi HOU, Xiao-guang CHEN, Shi-shan YU*
Affiliations
  • State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
出版时间: 2023-01-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0797
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应用大孔树脂、硅胶、ODS、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱和半制备HPLC对三脉马钱茎枝95%乙醇提取物的正丁醇部位进行分离纯化, 分离得到14个化合物, 通过高分辨质谱、核磁共振波谱和文献数据分析, 分别鉴定为: 4-O-β-D-吡喃阿洛糖基香草酸乙酯(1)、4-O-β-D-吡喃阿洛糖基香草酸正丁酯(2)、4-O-(6′-O-丁香酰基)-β-D-吡喃阿洛糖基香草酸正丁酯(3)、4-O-(6′-O-香草酰基)-β-D-吡喃阿洛糖基香草酸正丁酯(4)、4-O-(6′-O-丁香酰基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基香草酸正丁酯(5)、4-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基丁香酸正丁酯(6)、3-甲氧基-4-β-D-吡喃阿洛糖氧基苯甲酸甲酯(7)、金钱松苷B (8)、丁香酸丁酯(9)、丁香酸葡萄糖苷(10)、丁香酸甲酯(11)、香草酸甲酯(12)、威灵仙苷C (13) 和小木通苷A (14), 其中化合物1~6为酚酸乙酯或正丁酯的人工产物。需要指出的是, 化合物34的生源前体4-O-(6′-O-丁香酰基)-β-D-吡喃阿洛糖基香草酸和4-O-(6′-O-香草酰基)-β-D-吡喃阿洛糖基香草酸均为新化合物。化合物1~13的体外活性评价表明, 在10 μmol·L-1的浓度下, 化合物126~10均具有潜在的肝细胞保护活性, 细胞存活率由扑热息痛模型组的45.4%提高到53.6%~55.5%; 化合物4具有一定的抗炎作用, 其一氧化氮生成抑制率为74.6%; 化合物35具有潜在抗氧化活性, 在10 μmol·L-1的浓度下, 丙二醛生成抑制率分别为53.2%和56.1%。

三脉马钱  /  酚苷  /  肝保护  /  抗炎  /  抗氧化

Fourteen compounds were isolated from the n-butanol fraction of the 95% aqueous ethanol extract of the stems and twigs of Strychnos cathayensis by D101 macroporous resin, silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and semipreparative RP-HPLC. Their structures were elucidated as ethyl 4-O-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillate (1), n-butyl 4-O-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillate (2), n-butyl 4-O-(6′-O-syringoyl)-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillate (3), n-butyl 4-O-(6′-O-vanilloyl)-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillate (4), n-butyl 4-O-(6′-O-syringoyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-vanillate (5), n-butyl 4-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-syringate (6), methyl 3-methoxy-4-(β-D-allopyranosyloxy) benzoate (7), pseudolaroside B (8), butyl syringate (9), glucosyringic acid (10), methyl syringate (11), methyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate (12), clemochinenoside C (13), and clemoarmanoside A (14), respectively, on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation and by comparison with literature information. Compounds 1-6 are artificial products of phenolic acid esterified by ethanol or n-butanol. It is noted that the precursors (4-O-(6′-O-syringoyl)-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillic acid and 4-O-(6′-O-vanilloyl)-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillic acid) of compounds 3 and 4 are new compounds. The hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of compounds 1-13 were evaluated in vitro at a concentration of 10 μmol·L-1. Compounds 1, 2 and 6-10 exhibited potential hepatic protection effects with cell survival rates ranging from 53.6% to 55.5% (acetaminophen, 45.4% at 8 mmol·L-1). Compound 4 demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity with nitric oxide inhibitory rate of 74.6%. Compounds 3 and 5 showed potential antioxidant activities with malondialdehyde inhibitory rates of 53.2% and 56.1%, respectively.

Strychnos cathayensis  /  phenolic glycosides  /  hepatoprotective activity  /  anti-inflammatory activity  /  antioxidant activity
潘其明, 马双刚, 李勇, 张丹, 孙华, 侯琦, 陈晓光, 庾石山. 三脉马钱茎枝中酚苷类成分及其生物活性研究. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (1) : 170 -179 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0797
Qi-ming PAN, Shuang-gang MA, Yong LI, Dan ZHANG, Hua SUN, Qi HOU, Xiao-guang CHEN, Shi-shan YU. Phenolic glycosides from the stems and twigs of Strychnos cathayensis and their biological activities[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (1) : 170 -179 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0797
三脉马钱(Strychnos cathayensis Merr.), 别名华马钱, 为马钱科(Loganiaceae) 马钱属植物, 为木质藤本, 产于广东、广西、海南、云南、台湾等地, 民间用以镇痛[1]。果实是杀鼠药, 并可用来毒杀害兽, 为有毒植物[2]。目前对该植物化学成分及药理活性研究的报道仅3篇。1985年, 陆仁荣等[1]对华马钱种子中生物碱成分的研究报道了3个diaboline型生物碱, 其中henningsoline以500 mg·kg-1腹腔注射时对小白鼠有明显镇痛作用。2001和2008年, Cheng等[3]和Chen等[4]分别对三脉马钱茎的甲醇提取物和根甲醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部位进行了研究, 从中分离得到裂环烯醚萜类、生物碱类、香豆素类、单苯环类等成分, 其中11-methoxyhenningsamine和aesculetin dimethyl ether能够抑制超氧阴离子生成和胰肽酶E释放, 具有潜在的抗炎活性。为了进一步探究三脉马钱的化学成分及药理活性, 本文对三脉马钱茎枝95%乙醇提取物的正丁醇部位进行了研究, 从中分离得到14个化合物(1~14), 结构见图 1, 其中化合物1~6为酚酸酯化(乙酯或正丁酯) 的人工产物, 首次发现化合物34的生源前体4-O-(6′-O-丁香酰基)-β-D-吡喃阿洛糖基香草酸和4-O-(6′-O-香草酰基)-β-D-吡喃阿洛糖基香草酸均为新化合物。对化合物1~13进行了肝保护、抗炎、抗氧化和细胞毒的体外活性筛选, 结果表明在10 μmol·L-1的浓度下, 化合物126~10对扑热息痛(APAP) 诱发的肝细胞损伤均有一定的保护作用, 细胞存活率由模型组的45.4% (APAP, 8 mmol·L-1) 提高到53.6%~55.5%; 化合物4具有一定的抗炎作用, 对脂多糖(LPS) 诱导原代小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞一氧化氮(NO) 生成的抑制率为74.6%; 化合物35具有潜在抗氧化活性, 对Fe2+-半胱氨酸诱导大鼠肝微粒体脂质过氧化物丙二醛(MDA) 生成的抑制率分别为53.2%和56.1%; 化合物1~13未显示细胞毒活性(IC50 > 10 μmol·L-1)。
化合物1  白色粉末; [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ -63.7 (c 0.11, MeOH); UV光谱在204、215、255、292 nm处有最大吸收; IR光谱显示羟基(3 447 cm-1)、芳香酯基(1 710、1 274、1 108 cm-1) 和苯环(1 603、1 511、1 465 cm-1) 的特征吸收。HR-ESI-MS显示阳离子准分子离子峰m/z: 381.115 1 [M+Na]+ (计算值为381.115 6), 结合1H NMR和13C NMR数据(表 12), 确定其分子式为C16H22O9, 不饱和度Ω = 6。
1H NMR谱(表 1) 显示一组ABX偶合芳香质子信号: δH 7.58 (1H, d, J = 1.9 Hz, H-2)、7.21 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, H-5)、7.63 (1H, dd, J = 8.5, 1.9 Hz, H-6), 一个糖端基质子信号δH 5.36 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz, H-1′) 和一个甲氧基质子信号δH 3.88 (3H, s, 3-OMe)。将化合物11H NMR和13C NMR数据与同时分离得到的已知化合物金钱松苷B (8)[5]的数据比较, 发现化合物1比金钱松苷B多了一组乙氧基信号: δH 4.33 (2H, q, J = 7.1 Hz, H-8)、1.37 (3H, t, J = 7.1 Hz, H-9); δC 62.1 (C-8)、14.6 (C-9), 且羰基碳信号向高场位移C-7 (Δδ = -2.8 ppm), 其余信号与金钱松苷B一致, 提示化合物1为金钱松苷B的乙酯衍生物。HMBC谱中H2-8 (δH 4.33) 和C-7 (δC 167.8) 的远程相关进一步确定乙氧基与香草酰基的7位酰基碳原子相连。糖单元的H-3′ (δH 4.15, t, J = 3.0 Hz) 与H-2′、H-4′之间较小的偶合常数表明H-3′位于糖基六元环的平伏键上, 提示分子结构中糖基为葡萄糖C-3差向异构体。酸水解化合物1得到糖单元, 衍生化后经高效液相色谱分析确定该糖基为D-阿洛糖, 糖端基氢较大的偶合常数(J1′, 2′ = 7.8 Hz) 确定D-阿洛糖的端基为β构型。因此, 化合物1的结构鉴定为4-O-β-D-吡喃阿洛糖基香草酸乙酯。
化合物2  白色粉末; [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ -65.6 (c 0.10, MeOH); HR-ESI-MS显示阳离子准分子离子峰m/z: 409.146 4 [M+Na]+ (计算值为409.146 9), 结合1H NMR和13C NMR数据(表 12), 确定其分子式为C18H26O9, 分子组成上比化合物1多2个CH2。化合物21H NMR和13C NMR数据与化合物1的数据非常相似, 不同的是化合物1的核磁波谱中的乙氧基信号在化合物2中被一组正丁氧基信号取代: δH 4.27 (2H, t, J = 6.6 Hz, H-8)、1.73 (2H, m, H-9)、1.49 (2H, m, H-10)、0.99 (3H, t, J = 7.4 Hz, H-11); δC 65.9 (C-8)、31.9 (C-9)、20.3 (C-10)、14.1 (C-11), 提示化合物2为金钱松苷B的正丁酯衍生物。1H-1H COSY谱中H-8 (δH 4.27)/H-9 (δH 1.73)/H-10 (δH 1.49)/H-11 (δH 0.99) 的一组相关信号进一步确定了正丁氧基的存在, HMBC谱中H2-8 (δH 4.27) 和C-7 (δC 167.9) 的远程相关确定正丁氧基与香草酰基的7位酰基碳原子相连。因此, 化合物2确定为4-O-β-D-吡喃阿洛糖基香草酸正丁酯。
化合物3  白色粉末; [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ -52.8 (c 0.11, MeOH); HR-ESI-MS显示阴离子准分子离子峰m/z: 565.192 6 [M-H]- (计算值为565.192 7), 结合1H NMR和13C NMR数据(表 12), 确定其分子式为C27H34O13, 不饱和度Ω = 11。化合物31H NMR和13C NMR数据与化合物2的数据相似, 对比分析发现化合物3比化合物2多了一组丁香酰基信号: δH 7.28 (2H, s, H-2′′, 6′′)、3.82 (6H, s, 3′′, 5′′-OMe); δC 121.2 (C-1′′)、108.4 (C-2′′, 6′′)、148.9 (C-3′′, 5′′)、142.3 (C-4′′)、167.7 (C-7′′)、56.9 (3′′, 5′′-OMe), 且阿洛糖6位氢和5位氢信号均向低场位移H-6′a (Δδ = +0.79 ppm)、H-6′b (Δδ = +0.73 ppm)、H-5′ (Δδ = +0.36 ppm); 6位碳和5位碳信号分别向低场C-6′ (Δδ = +3.1 ppm) 和高场位移C-5′ (Δδ = -2.3 ppm), 推测化合物3为化合物2的碳6′位羟基被丁香酸酯化的衍生物。HMBC谱中H-2′′, 6′′ (δH 7.28) 和C-4′′ (δC 142.3)/C-7′′ (δC 167.7)、3′′, 5′′-OMe (δH 3.82) 和C-3′′, 5′′ (δC 148.9) 的远程相关证明了丁香酰基的存在。H2-6′ (δH 4.65, 4.40) 和C-7′′ (δC 167.7) 的远程相关表明丁香酰基与阿洛糖的碳6位相连。因此, 化合物3确定为4-O-(6′-O-丁香酰基)-β-D-吡喃阿洛糖基香草酸正丁酯。需要指出的是, 化合物3的生源前体4-O-(6′-O-丁香酰基)-β-D-吡喃阿洛糖基香草酸为新化合物。
化合物4  白色粉末; [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ -26.7 (c 0.27, MeOH); HR-ESI-MS显示阴离子准分子离子峰m/z: 535.182 1 [M-H]- (计算值为535.182 1), 结合1H NMR和13C NMR数据(表 12), 确定其分子式为C26H32O12, 分子组成上比化合物3少1个OCH3。化合物41H NMR和13C NMR数据与化合物3的数据非常相似, 不同之处在于化合物3的核磁波谱中的阿洛糖碳6位上的丁香酰基信号在化合物4中被香草酰基信号取代: 1H NMR谱中δH 7.48 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz, H-2′′)、6.84 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz, H-5′′)、7.54 (1H, dd, J = 8.3, 2.0 Hz, H-6′′) 和3.83 (3H, s, 3′′-OMe) 的信号; 13C NMR谱中δC 122.3 (C-1′′)、113.7 (C-2′′)、148.8 (C-3′′)、153.2 (C-4′′)、116.0 (C-5′′)、125.2 (C-6′′)、167.7 (C-7′′) 和56.5 (3′′-OMe) 的信号, 结合HMBC谱中存在H-2′′ (δH 7.48)、H-6′′ (δH 7.54) 和C-4′′ (δC 153.2)/C-7′′ (δC 167.7), H-5′′ (δH 6.84) 和C-3′′ (δC 148.8), 3′′-OMe (δH 3.83) 和C-3′′ (δC 148.8) 的远程相关, 进一步证明了该香草酰基的存在。HMBC谱中H2-6′ (δH 4.63、4.36) 和C-7′′ (δC 167.7) 的远程相关确定该香草酰基连接于阿洛糖的碳6位。因此, 化合物4确定为4-O-(6′-O-香草酰基)-β-D-吡喃阿洛糖基香草酸正丁酯。文献检索发现化合物4的生源前体4-O-(6′-O-香草酰基)-β-D-吡喃阿洛糖基香草酸亦为新化合物。
化合物5  白色粉末; [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ -43.4 (c 0.11, MeOH); HR-ESI-MS显示阴离子准分子离子峰m/z: 565.192 7 [M-H]- (计算值为565.192 7), 结合1H NMR和13C NMR数据(表 12), 确定其分子式为C27H34O13, 与化合物3具有相同的分子式。除糖单元(1′-6′位) 的核磁数据外, 化合物51H NMR和13C NMR数据与化合物3的数据(表 12) 一致, 提示含有香草酰基(1-7位)、正丁氧基(8-11位) 和丁香酰基(1′′-7′′位)。化合物5糖单元的H-3′ (δH 3.52, t, J = 8.9 Hz) 与H-2′、H-4′之间较大的偶合常数表明H-3′位于糖基六元环的直立键上, 推测含有葡萄糖结构单元。化合物5经酸水解得到糖单元, 衍生化后经HPLC分析确定为D-葡萄糖, 糖端基氢较大的偶合常数(J1′, 2′ = 7.5 Hz) 确定D-葡萄糖端基为β构型。化合物51H NMR和13C NMR数据和文献[6]报道的4-[6-O-(4-hydroxy-3, 5-dimethoxybenzoyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-3-methoxy-benzoic acid的数据极其相似, 不同之处在于化合物5多了一个正丁氧基, 推测化合物5为该化合物的正丁酯衍生物。HMBC谱中H2-8 (δH 4.27) 和C-7 (δC 167.7) 的远程相关进一步证实了上述推论。因此, 化合物5确定为4-O-(6′-O-丁香酰基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基香草酸正丁酯。
化合物6  白色粉末; [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ -88.2 (c 0.15, MeOH); HR-ESI-MS显示阳离子准分子离子峰m/z: 423.162 6 [M+Na]+ (计算值为423.162 6), 结合1H NMR和13C NMR数据(表 12), 确定其分子式为C19H28O9。化合物61H NMR和13C NMR数据与syringic acid-4-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside[7]的数据非常相似, 不同之处在于化合物6多了一组正丁氧基信号: δH 4.30 (2H, t, J = 6.7 Hz, H-8)、1.75 (2H, m, H-9)、1.48 (2H, m, H-10)、0.99 (3H, t, J = 7.4 Hz, H-11); δC 66.2 (C-8)、31.9 (C-9)、20.3 (C-10)、14.1 (C-11)。此外, 1H-1H COSY谱中H-8 (δH 4.30)/H-9 (δH 1.75)/H-10 (δH 1.48)/H-11 (δH 0.99) 的一组相关信号, 以及HMBC谱中H2-8 (δH 4.30) 与羰基碳C-7 (δC 167.6) 的远程相关, 确定正丁氧基与羰基碳C-7相连。因此, 化合物6确定为4-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基丁香酸正丁酯。
采用甲基噻唑蓝(MTT) 法测定化合物1~13对肝细胞增殖的影响及对APAP引起的体外肝细胞损伤的保护作用。实验结果显示在10 μmol·L-1的浓度下, 所有化合物对HepG2细胞无明显毒性(细胞存活率均大于90%), 化合物126~10对APAP导致的HepG2细胞损伤均有一定的保护作用, 细胞存活率由模型组的45.4% (APAP, 8 mmol·L-1) 提高到53.6%~55.5%, 与模型组比较有极显著差异(图 2)。
用LPS诱导原代小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞炎症模型, 使用Griess试剂法对化合物1~13抑制细胞炎症因子NO生成进行了测定, 并采用MTT法评价了它们对原代小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞生长的抑制作用。实验结果(表 3) 显示在10 μmol·L-1的浓度下, 化合物4对NO生成具有明显抑制活性, 抑制率为74.6%, 同时对细胞生长无抑制活性(抑制率为-1.0%), 提示化合物4具有一定的抗炎作用。
利用抑制Fe2+-半胱氨酸诱导肝微粒体脂质过氧化模型, 测定化合物1~13对大鼠肝微粒体脂质过氧化物MDA生成的抑制作用。实验结果(表 4) 显示在10 μmol·L-1的浓度下, 化合物3和5对MDA生成具有抑制作用, 抑制率分别为53.2%和56.1%, 提示化合物35具有潜在抗氧化活性。
采用MTT法测定化合物1~13对人肺癌细胞A549、人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7、人结直肠癌细胞HCT-116、人肝癌细胞HepG2和人胰腺癌细胞Capan2五种人肿瘤细胞的细胞毒活性。实验结果显示化合物1~13在10 μmol·L-1的浓度下未显示细胞毒活性。
本研究从三脉马钱茎枝95%乙醇提取物的正丁醇部位分离得到14个化合物(1~14), 其中化合物1~6可能为酚酸酯化(乙酯或正丁酯) 的人工产物。值得一提的是本文中的化合物2~69均为含正丁氧基的酚酸酯类化合物, 本研究在萃取过程中先以饱和碳酸钠水溶液调节水相的pH至9~10后再以正丁醇萃取(见实验部分), 并从该正丁醇萃取物中分离得到6个含正丁氧基的酚酸正丁酯类化合物2~69。尽管根据有机化学酸催化酯化反应的常识, 本实验萃取过程中pH值9~10的碱性条件不利于酯的生成, 但不能排除后续分离等其他因素导致此类含正丁氧基的酚酸酯类人工产物生成。此外, 首次发现化合物34分别为金钱松苷B (4-O-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillic acid, 化合物8) 的阿洛糖的碳6位羟基被丁香酰氧基、香草酰氧基取代的酯化产物。化合物1~13的体外活性评价表明, 在10 μmol·L-1的浓度下, 化合物126~10均具有潜在的肝保护活性(细胞存活率由APAP组的45.4%提高到53.6%~55.5%); 化合物4具有一定的抗炎作用(NO生成抑制率为74.6%); 化合物35具有潜在抗氧化活性(MDA生成抑制率分别为53.2%和56.1%)。本研究在一定程度上丰富了三脉马钱的化学成分结构类型和生物活性, 可为后续进一步开展该植物的活性成分研究提供有益参考。
AUTOPOL V旋光测定仪(美国Rudolph公司); V-650紫外光谱测定仪(日本Jasco公司); Nicolet iS50 FT-IR红外光谱仪(美国Thermo Fisher公司); Thermo-Scientific Q Exactive Focus高分辨质谱仪(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司); Bruker Avance Ⅲ HD 500 MHz/600 MHz核磁共振仪(德国Bruker公司); 岛津分析型高效液相色谱仪(日本岛津公司): Shimadzu LC-20AT, SPD-M20A紫外检测器, SIL-20A自动进样器, CTO-10AS VP柱温箱, DGU-20A5除气泡装置; Waters e2695分析型高效液相色谱仪(美国沃特世公司): 2489紫外/可见光检测器; 制备型高效液相色谱仪(日本岛津公司): Shimadzu LC-6AD高效液相色谱仪, SPD-20A紫外检测器; YMC-Triart C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) 色谱柱、YMC C-18 (250 mm × 20 mm, 5 μm) 色谱柱、YMC-Triart C18 (250 mm × 10 mm, 5 μm) 色谱柱(日本株式会社YMC公司); Welch Ultimate AQ-C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) 色谱柱(美国Welch公司); GF254薄层色谱硅胶及柱色谱硅胶(200~300目) 均为青岛海洋化工厂生产; 反相柱色谱硅胶RP-18 (50 μm) 为YMC公司生产; 葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20为瑞典GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB公司生产; D101型大孔树脂为南开大学化工厂生产; 香草酸、丁香酸、标准单糖、L-半胱氨酸甲酯盐酸盐、邻甲苯异硫氰酸酯均购于上海麦克林生化科技有限公司; 其他分析纯试剂均为北京化工厂生产; 色谱纯试剂为Thermo Fisher科技有限公司或百灵威科技有限公司生产; 娃哈哈或屈臣氏纯净水。
C57BL/6J雄性小鼠购于军事医学科学院实验动物中心; 550型酶标仪(美国Bio-Rad公司); Revco二氧化碳培养箱(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司); 低温常速离心机(日本Hitachi公司); 96孔细胞培养板(美国Costar公司); 硫代乙醇酸钠(美国Difco公司); 胎牛血清、青霉素、链霉素、RPMI-1640 (美国Gibco公司); LPS、MTT、地塞米松、对氨基苯磺酰胺(美国Sigma公司); 萘乙二胺为北京化工厂生产。
三脉马钱茎枝于2016年6月采于海南霸王岭, 经中国医学科学院药物研究所马林教授鉴定为三脉马钱Strychnos cathayensis Merr.的茎枝, 标本(No. ID-S-2016020) 保存于中国医学科学院药物研究所植物标本室。
三脉马钱干燥茎枝45 kg, 粉碎, 用95% EtOH (10 L·kg-1) 浸泡一夜后, 加热回流提取3次, 每次3 h, 提取液经减压浓缩得到2.4 kg浸膏。将浸膏溶于3%的酒石酸水溶液(pH = 2~3), 用乙酸乙酯萃取3次, 减压浓缩得到乙酸乙酯萃取物357.1 g。萃取后的酸水液用饱和的碳酸钠水溶液调pH至9~10, 依次用二氯甲烷、正丁醇萃取3次, 浓缩得到二氯甲烷萃取物30.3 g, 正丁醇萃取物428.7 g。
正丁醇部分经D101大孔吸附树脂柱色谱(乙醇-水, 0∶100、30∶70、50∶50、95∶5) 梯度洗脱得到Frs. N1~N4。Fr. N2 (106.0 g) 经中压ODS柱色谱分离, 以甲醇-水(5∶95~100∶0) 梯度洗脱得到Frs. N2a~N2d 4个流分。Fr. N2b (24.7 g) 经硅胶柱色谱分离, 以二氯甲烷-甲醇(300∶1~5∶1) 梯度洗脱得到5个流分(Frs. N2b1~N2b5)。Fr. N2b3 (160.5 mg) 经半制备RP-HPLC (甲醇-水, 35∶65) 分离得到化合物7 (8.9 mg, tR = 16.0 min) 和1 (20.0 mg, tR = 33.9 min); Fr. N2b4 (232.0 mg) 经半制备RP-HPLC (甲醇-水, 32∶68) 分离得到化合物11 (18.8 mg, tR = 26.8 min) 和12 (19.9 mg, tR = 33.4 min)。Fr. N3 (115.4 g) 经硅胶柱色谱分离, 以二氯甲烷-甲醇(500∶1~1∶1) 梯度洗脱得到Frs. N3a~N3e 5个流分。Fr. N3b (7.2 g) 放置后有白色甲醇不溶物析出, 甲醇不溶物(80.2 mg) 经半制备RP-HPLC (甲醇-水, 43∶57) 纯化得到化合物14 (5.0 mg, tR = 29.6 min) 和13 (10.8 mg, tR = 33.1 min); 清洗白色甲醇不溶物的液体旋干后(40.9 mg) 经半制备RP-HPLC (甲醇-水, 53∶47) 分离得到化合物2 (8.0 mg, tR = 25.8 min)。Fr. N3d (15.7 g) 反复经Sphadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱(甲醇) 纯化后得到8个流分(Frs. N3d1~N3d8)。Fr. N3d3 (1.9 g) 经半制备RP-HPLC (甲醇-水, 15∶85, 水中含0.1%三氟乙酸) 分离得到化合物8 (12.6 mg, tR = 28.2 min); Fr. N3d4 (720.6 mg) 经半制备RP-HPLC (甲醇-水, 19∶81, 水中含0.1%三氟乙酸) 分离得到化合物10 (1.4 mg, tR = 29.1 min)。Fr. N4 (29.5 g) 经Sphadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱分离, 以二氯甲烷-甲醇(37.5∶62.5) 洗脱得到5个流分(Frs. N4a~N4e)。Fr. N4e (4.5 g) 经中压ODS柱色谱(乙腈-水, 20∶80~80∶20) 纯化后得到9个流分(Frs. N4e1~N4e9)。Fr. N4e3 (163.0 mg) 经Sphadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱(甲醇) 纯化得到4个流分(Frs. N4e3a~N4e3d)。Fr. N4e3b (34.5 mg) 经半制备RP-HPLC (甲醇-水, 62∶38) 分离得到化合物6 (13.0 mg, tR = 37.9 min); Fr. N4e3c (23.9 mg) 经半制备RP-HPLC (甲醇-水, 58∶42) 分离得到化合物5 (6.4 mg, tR = 28.9 min)。Fr. N4e4 (358.6 mg) 经Sphadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱(甲醇) 纯化后再经半制备RP-HPLC (乙腈-水, 38∶62) 分离得到化合物3 (12.7 mg, tR = 27.8 min) 和4 (15.0 mg, tR = 37.1 min)。Fr. N4e5 (225.3 mg) 经Sphadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱(甲醇) 纯化后再经半制备RP-HPLC (乙腈-水, 40∶60) 分离得到化合物9 (15.0 mg, tR = 39.6 min)。
取化合物1~6约2 mg分别溶于2 mol·L-1 HCl-H2O (3 mL) 溶液中, 90 ℃加热搅拌反应9 h, 反应液加入EtOAc萃取(3 × 3 mL)。为鉴定化合物1~6中酚酸结构单元, EtOAc萃取物减压蒸干后用于液相色谱分析。EtOAc萃取物HPLC分析条件为: Welch Ultimate AQ-C18反相色谱柱(250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), 乙腈-0.1%磷酸水(15%~75%, 30 min) 梯度洗脱, 检测波长250 nm, 流速1 mL·min-1, 柱温28 ℃。通过与香草酸(保留时间为13.66 min) 和丁香酸(保留时间为14.68 min) 对照品的保留时间对比确定化合物124中的酚酸结构单元均为香草酸, 化合物35中的酚酸结构单元均为香草酸和丁香酸, 化合物6中的酚酸结构单元为丁香酸。水层减压蒸干, 加水反复蒸至无酸味(中性), 得单糖。单糖加入1 mL无水吡啶和2 mg L-半胱氨酸甲酯盐酸盐, 60 ℃加热搅拌反应1 h后, 再加入2 mg邻甲苯异硫氰酸酯(o-tolyl isothiocyanate), 60 ℃加热搅拌反应1 h。反应液经0.45 μm微孔滤膜过滤后用于液相色谱分析鉴定。按同样的方法制备化合物1~6对应的D-/L-构型标准单糖衍生物, 用于液相分析。糖HPLC分析条件为: Welch Ultimate AQ-C18反相色谱柱(250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), 流动相为25%乙腈-0.1%磷酸水, 检测波长250 nm, 流速1 mL·min-1, 柱温28 ℃, 采集时间35 min。通过与对应标准单糖衍生物保留时间对比确定化合物1~4中的糖均为D-阿洛糖(保留时间为16.16 min), 化合物56中的糖分别为D-葡萄糖(保留时间为15.84 min) 和L-鼠李糖(保留时间为25.14 min)。
化合物1  白色粉末; [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ -63.7 (c 0.11, MeOH); UV (MeOH) λmax (log ε) 204 (4.40)、215 (4.38)、255 (4.12)、292 (3.84) nm; IR νmax 3 447、2 935、1 710、1 603、1 511、1 465、1 420、1 297、1 274、1 217、1 108、1 075、1 039、763 cm-1; 1H NMR (methanol-d4, 600 MHz) 和13C NMR (methanol-d4, 150 MHz) 数据见表 12; HR-ESI-MS m/z 381.115 1 [M+Na]+ (C16H22O9Na, 计算值381.115 6)。
化合物2  白色粉末; [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ -65.6 (c 0.10, MeOH); UV (MeOH) λmax (log ε) 204 (4.55)、215 (4.52)、255 (4.27)、290 (4.05) nm; IR νmax 3 454、2 959、1 713、1 603、1 511、1 466、1 420、1 293、1 273、1 216、1 181、1 107、1 077、1 039、762 cm-1; 1H NMR (methanol-d4, 600 MHz) 和13C NMR (methanol-d4, 150 MHz) 数据见表 12; HR-ESI-MS m/z 409.146 4 [M+Na]+ (C18H26O9Na, 计算值409.146 9)。
化合物3  白色粉末; [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ -52.8 (c 0.11, MeOH); UV (MeOH) λmax (log ε) 205 (4.63)、215 (4.70)、258 (4.33)、284 (4.26) nm; IR νmax 3 456、2 958、1 708、1 604、1 512、1 464、1 422、1 337、1 274、1 216、1 184、1 115、764 cm-1; 1H NMR (methanol-d4, 600 MHz) 和13C NMR (methanol-d4, 150 MHz) 数据见表 12; HR-ESI-MS m/z 565.192 6 [M-H]- (C27H33O13, 计算值565.192 7)。
化合物4  白色粉末; [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ -26.7 (c 0.27, MeOH); UV (MeOH) λmax (log ε) 204 (4.52)、254 (4.15)、292 (3.97)、324 (3.67) nm; IR νmax 3 424、2 959、1 701、1 605、1 513、1 464、1 278、1 218、1 186、1 115、1 034、765 cm-1; 1H NMR (methanol-d4, 600 MHz) 和13C NMR (methanol-d4, 150 MHz) 数据见表 12; HR-ESI-MS m/z 535.182 1 [M-H]- (C26H31O12, 计算值535.182 1)。
化合物5  白色粉末; [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ -43.4 (c 0.11, MeOH); UV (MeOH) λmax (log ε) 204 (4.51)、215 (4.53)、257 (4.07)、285 (3.98) nm; IR νmax 3 421、2 960、1 713、1 604、1 514、1 463、1 422、1 337、1 274、1 217、1 115、1 073、763 cm-1; 1H NMR (methanol-d4, 600 MHz) 和13C NMR (methanol-d4, 150 MHz) 数据见表 12; HR-ESI-MS m/z 565.192 7 [M-H]- (C27H33O13, 计算值565.192 7)。
化合物6  白色粉末; [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ -88.2 (c 0.15, MeOH); UV (MeOH) λmax (log ε) 214 (4.42)、265 (3.92) nm; IR νmax 3 391、2 960、2 937、1 716、1 593、1 500、1 463、1 417、1 336、1 220、1 131、1 161、967、767 cm-1; 1H NMR (methanol-d4, 600 MHz) 和13C NMR (methanol-d4, 150 MHz) 数据见表 12; HR-ESI-MS m/z 423.162 6 [M+Na]+ (C19H28O9Na, 计算值423.162 6)。
化合物7  白色粉末; HR-ESI-MS显示阳离子准分子离子峰m/z: 367.099 6 [M+Na]+ (计算值为367.100 0), 结合1H NMR和13C NMR谱数据, 确定其分子式为C15H20O91H NMR (methanol-d4, 600 MHz) δH: 7.62 (1H, dd, J = 8.5, 1.8 Hz, H-6), 7.58 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz, H-2), 7.21 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, H-5), 5.36 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz, H-1′), 4.15 (1H, t, J =2.8 Hz, H-3′), 3.88 (3H, s, 3-OMe), 3.87 (3H, s, H3-8), 3.87~3.85 (2H, m, H-5′, 6′a), 3.68 (2H, m, H-2′, 6′b), 3.61 (1H, dd, J = 9.7, 2.7 Hz, H-4′); 13C NMR (methanol-d4, 150 MHz) δC: 168.3 (C-7), 152.5 (C-4), 150.4 (C-3), 125.2 (C-1), 124.6 (C-6), 116.2 (C-5), 114.1 (C-2), 99.9 (C-1′), 75.9 (C-5′), 73.0 (C-3′), 71.9 (C-2′), 68.6 (C-4′), 62.8 (C-6′), 56.7 (3-OMe), 52.6 (C-8)。以上数据结合文献[9]确定该化合物为3-甲氧基-4-β-D-吡喃阿洛糖氧基苯甲酸甲酯[methyl 3-methoxy-4-(β-D-allopyranosyloxy) benzoate]。
化合物8  白色粉末; HR-ESI-MS显示阳离子准分子离子峰m/z: 353.083 7 [M+Na]+ (计算值为353.084 3), 结合1H NMR和13C NMR谱数据, 确定其分子式为C14H18O91H NMR (methanol-d4, 600 MHz) δH: 7.63 (1H, dd, J = 8.5, 2.0 Hz, H-6), 7.59 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz, H-2), 7.20 (1H, J = 8.5 Hz, H-5), 5.36 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz, H-1′), 4.15 (1H, t, J = 2.8 Hz, H-3′), 3.88 (3H, s, 3-OMe), 3.87~3.85 (2H, m, H-5′, 6′a), 3.68 (2H, m, H-2′, 6′b), 3.61 (1H, dd, J = 9.7, 2.7 Hz, H-4′); 13C NMR (methanol-d4, 150 MHz) δC: 169.5 (C-7), 152. 3 (C-4), 150.3 (C-3), 125.8 (C-1), 124.8 (C-6), 116.2 (C-5), 114.3 (C-2), 99.9 (C-1′), 75.9 (C-5′), 73.0 (C-3′), 71.9 (C-2′), 68.6 (C-4′), 62.8 (C-6′), 56.7 (3-OMe)。以上数据结合文献[5]确定该化合物为金钱松苷B (pseudolaroside B)。
化合物9  白色粉末; HR-ESI-MS显示阳离子准分子离子峰m/z: 255.122 6 [M+H]+ (计算值为255.122 7), 结合1H NMR和13C NMR谱数据, 确定其分子式为C13H18O51H NMR (chloroform-d, 500 MHz) δH: 7.32 (2H, s, H-2, 6), 5.92 (1H, br s, 4-OH), 4.30 (2H, t, J = 6.7 Hz, H-8), 3.94 (6H, s, 3, 5-OMe), 1.75 (2H, m, H-9), 1.46 (2H, m, H-10), 0.98 (3H, t, J = 7.4 Hz, H-11); 13C NMR (chloroform-d, 125 MHz) δC: 166.5 (C-7), 146.6 (C-3, 5), 139.1 (C-4), 121.5 (C-1), 106.6 (C-2, 6), 64.9 (C-8), 56.4 (3, 5-OMe), 30.8 (C-9), 19.3 (C-10), 13.8 (C-11)。以上数据结合文献[10]确定该化合物为丁香酸丁酯(butyl syringate)。
化合物10  白色粉末; HR-ESI-MS显示阳离子准分子离子峰m/z: 383.094 5 [M+Na]+ (计算值为383.094 9), 结合1H NMR和13C NMR谱数据, 确定其分子式为C15H20O101H NMR (methanol-d4, 600 MHz) δH: 7.35 (2H, s, H-2, 6), 5.06 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz, H-1′), 3.88 (6H, s, 3, 5-OMe), 3.77 (1H, dd, J = 12.0, 2.4 Hz, H-6′a), 3.65 (1H, dd, J = 12.0, 5.3 Hz, H-6′b), 3.49 (1H, m, H-2′), 3.43 (2H, m, H-3′, 4′), 3.22 (1H, ddd, J = 9.16, 5.2, 2.2 Hz, H-5′); 13C NMR (methanol-d4, 150 MHz) δC: 169.2 (C-7), 154.1 (C-3, 5), 140.1 (C-4), 127.7 (C-1), 108.6 (C-2, 6), 104.5 (C-1′), 78.5 (C-3′), 77.9 (C-5′), 75.7 (C-2′), 71.4 (C-4′), 62.5 (C-6′), 57.0 (3, 5-OMe)。以上数据结合文献[11]确定该化合物为丁香酸葡萄糖苷。
化合物11  白色粉末; HR-ESI-MS显示阴离子准分子离子峰m/z: 211.061 1 [M-H]- (计算值为211.061 2), 结合1H NMR和13C NMR谱数据, 确定其分子式为C10H12O51H NMR (methanol-d4, 600 MHz) δH: 7.23 (2H, s, H-2, 6), 3.84 (6H, s, 3, 5-OMe), 3.83 (3H, s, H-8); 13C NMR (methanol-d4, 150 MHz) δC: 168.5 (C-7), 148.8 (C-3, 5), 141.8 (C-4), 121.2 (C-1), 108.0 (C-2, 6), 56.7 (3, 5-OMe), 52.4 (C-8)。以上数据结合文献[12]确定该化合物为丁香酸甲酯。
化合物12  白色粉末; HR-ESI-MS显示阴离子准分子离子峰m/z: 181.050 5 [M-H]- (计算值为181.050 6), 结合1H NMR和13C NMR谱数据, 确定其分子式为C9H10O41H NMR (methanol-d4, 600 MHz) δH: 7.54 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 2.0 Hz, H-6), 7.53 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz, H-2), 6.83 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz, H-5), 3.88 (3H, s, 3-OMe), 3.85 (3H, s, H-8); 13C NMR (methanol-d4, 150 MHz) δC: 168.7 (C-7), 152.9 (C-4), 148.8 (C-3), 125.0 (C-6), 122.5 (C-1), 115.9 (C-5), 113.5 (C-2), 56.4 (3-OMe), 52.4 (C-8)。以上数据结合文献[13]确定该化合物为香草酸甲酯。
化合物13  白色粉末; HR-ESI-MS显示阳离子准分子离子峰m/z: 625.176 0 [M+H]+ (计算值为625.176 3), 结合1H NMR和13C NMR谱数据, 确定其分子式为C28H32O161H NMR (DMSO-d6, 600 MHz) 谱显示一组香草酰基(vanilloyl) 的质子信号: δH: 7.79 (2H, dd, J = 8.6, 2.0 Hz, H-6, 6′′), 7.40 (2H, d, J = 2.0 Hz, H-2, 2′′), 7.31 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz, H-5, 5′′), 3.78 (6H, s, 3, 3′′-OMe); 以及一组D-阿洛糖基(D-Allo) 的质子信号: δH: 5.37 (2H, d, J = 8.0 Hz, H-1′, 1′′′), 4.35 (2H, dd, J = 11.3, 1.7 Hz, H-6′a, 6′′′a), 4.24 (2H, td, J = 10.3, 1.7 Hz, H-5′, 5′′′), 4.10 (2H, t, J = 11.0 Hz, H-6′b, 6′′′b), 3.97 (2H, q, J = 3.0 Hz, H-3′, 3′′′); 3.57 (2H, td, J = 7.8, 3.0 Hz, H-2′, 2′′′), 3.43 (2H, ddd, J = 9.9, 7.4, 2.7 Hz, H-4′, 4′′′); 13C NMR (DMSO-d6, 150 MHz) 谱显示一组香草酰基(vanilloyl)的碳信号: δC: 165.3 (C-7, 7′′), 150.1 (C-4, 4′′), 148.4 (C-3, 3′′), 123.3 (C-6, 6′′), 122.4 (C-1, 1′′), 114.3 (C-5, 5′′), 112.1 (C-2, 2′′), 55.5 (3, 3′′-OMe); 以及一组D-阿洛糖基(D-Allo) 的碳信号: δC: 96.7 (C-1′, 1′′′), 71.7 (C-3′, 3′′′), 71.2 (C-5′, 5′′′), 69.8 (C-2′, 2′′′), 68.2 (C-4′, 4′′′), 65.5 (C-6′, 6′′′)。以上数据结合文献[14]确定该化合物为威灵仙苷C (clemochinenoside C)。
化合物14  白色粉末; HR-ESI-MS显示阳离子准分子离子峰m/z: 625.176 0 [M+H]+ (计算值为625.176 3), 结合1H NMR和13C NMR谱数据, 确定其分子式为C28H32O161H NMR (DMSO-d6, 600 MHz) 谱显示两组香草酰基(vanilloyl) 的质子信号: δH: 7.75 (1H, dd, J = 8.7, 1.9 Hz, H-5), 7.40 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz, H-2), 7.32 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz, H-6), 3.78 (3H, s, 3-OMe); δH: 7.77 (1H, dd, J = 8.7, 1.9 Hz, H-5′′), 7.41 (1H, d, J = 1.9 Hz, H-2′′), 7.36 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz, H-6′′), 3.78 (3H, s, 3′′-OMe); 一组D-葡萄糖基(D-Glc) 的质子信号: δH: 5.23 (1H, d, J = 7.5 Hz, H-1′), 4.40 (1H, dd, J = 11.5, 1.5 Hz, H-6′a), 3.18 (1H, m, H-4′); 以及一组D-阿洛糖基(D-Allo) 的质子信号: δH: 5.37 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz, H-1′′′), 4.36 (1H, dd, J = 11.3, 1.5 Hz, H-6′′′a), 3.57 (1H, td, J = 7.7, 2.9 Hz, H-2′′′), 3.45 (1H, m, H-4′′′); 13C NMR (DMSO-d6, 150 MHz) 谱显示两组香草酰基(vanilloyl) 的碳信号: δC: 165.2 (C-7), 149.8 (C-4), 148.5 (C-3), 123.1 (C-6), 122.5 (C-1), 114.4 (C-5), 112.1 (C-2), 55.5 (3-OMe); δC: 165.1 (C-7′′), 150.1 (C-4′′), 148.4 (C-3′′), 123.0 (C-6′′), 122.4 (C-1′′), 114.3 (C-5′′), 112.1 (C-2′′), 55.5 (3′′-OMe); 一组D-葡萄糖基(D-Glc) 的碳信号: δC: 98.3 (C-1′), 76.9 (C-3′), 73.5 (C-5′), 72.8 (C-2′), 70.6 (C-4′), 65.1 (C-6′); 以及一组D-阿洛糖基(D-Allo) 的碳信号: δC: 96.8 (C-1′′′), 71.7 (C-3′′′), 71.2 (C-5′′′), 69.8 (C-2′′′), 68.2 (C-4′′′), 65.5 (C-6′′′)。以上数据结合文献[15]确定该化合物为小木通苷A (clemoarmanoside A)。
本实验参照文献[16]报道的MTT法测定化合物1~13对肝细胞增殖的影响及对APAP引起的体外肝细胞损伤的保护作用。利用抑制Fe2+-半胱氨酸诱导肝微粒体脂质过氧化模型, 测定化合物1~13对大鼠肝微粒体脂质过氧化物MDA生成的抑制作用[17, 18]。用文献[19, 20]中报道的MTT法, 测定化合物1~13对A549、MCF-7、HCT-116、HepG2和Capan2五种人肿瘤细胞的细胞毒活性。所有实验均重复3次。
利用LPS诱导原代小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞炎症模型, 使用Griess试剂法对化合物1~13抑制细胞炎症因子NO生成进行了测定, 并采用MTT法评价了它们对原代小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞生长的抑制作用。实验方法如下: C57BL/6J雄性小鼠(20~22 g) 按照5 mL·100 g-1剂量腹腔注射4%的硫代乙醇酸钠, 3天后, 将小鼠脱颈椎断头处死, 75%乙醇浸泡5 min。然后在无菌条件下, 腹腔注射5~8 mL PBS生理缓冲液, 揉捏腹部数次后, 吸出腹腔中液体, 重复上述操作3次, 所得细胞悬浮液以1 000 r·min-1离心5 min后, 弃去上清液, 腹腔巨噬细胞用含有5%胎牛血清、100 u·mL-1青霉素和100 μg·mL-1链霉素的RPMI-1640培养基重悬, 计数细胞。以每孔1×105个细胞的浓度接种细胞到96孔细胞培养板中, 37 ℃、5% CO2饱和湿度的培养箱内培养使细胞贴壁。2 h后, 倾去培养基, 用PBS生理缓冲液洗板两次, 除去未贴壁细胞, 每孔加入新鲜的含5%胎牛血清、100 u·mL-1青霉素和100 μg·mL-1链霉素的RPMI-1640培养基200 μL, 然后加入或不加入待测药物及阳性对照药。实验设置空白对照组、LPS组、给药组和阳性对照组, 每组设置3个复孔(即平行3次)。给药组和阳性对照组分别加入待测药物和阳性对照药地塞米松(终浓度均为10 μmol·L-1), 培养1 h后, 再加入LPS (终浓度为1 μg·mL-1), 空白对照组只加入培养基, LPS组加LPS (终浓度为1 μg·mL-1)。37 ℃、5% CO2饱和湿度的培养箱内继续培养。24 h后, 取100 μL上清液与等量Griess试剂混匀, 550型酶标仪测定570 nm波长处吸光度值, 根据NaNO2标准曲线计算NO的含量。原96孔继续加入5 mg·mL-1 (PBS配制) 的MTT 20 μL, 在37 ℃、5% CO2饱和湿度的培养箱内孵育4 h后, 弃去上清液, 每孔加入150 μL DMSO溶解formazan颗粒, 摇床轻度振荡10 min后, 用550型酶标仪在570 nm波长处检测吸光度值, 测试药物对细胞的增殖毒性。结果计算: 根据不同浓度的NaNO2以Griess试剂法显色后所得到的吸光度值绘制标准曲线, 样品吸光度值均按此标准曲线换算成NO。动物实验经中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院实验动物管理和使用委员会批准(批准号: 00004610)。
作者贡献:通讯作者庾石山负责选题、实验设计和指导、稿件修改, 并最终定稿等工作; 潘其明完成化合物的提取与分离、结构鉴定及文章撰写等工作; 马双刚协助指导化学实验、稿件修改等工作; 李勇协助指导化学成分分离纯化等工作; 张丹协助抗氧化活性测定实验; 孙华协助肝保护活性测定实验; 侯琦协助抗炎活性测定实验; 陈晓光协助细胞毒活性测定实验。
利益冲突: 作者声明本文不存在任何利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(21732008)
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2023年第58卷第1期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0797
  • 接收时间:2022-06-30
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-01-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-30
  • 修回日期:2022-08-02
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(21732008)
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    中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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