Article(id=1210516645617995913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516638089212895, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0741, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1655308800000, receivedDateStr=2022-06-16, revisedDate=1657641600000, revisedDateStr=2022-07-13, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766539258627, onlineDateStr=2025-12-24, pubDate=1662912000000, pubDateStr=2022-09-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766539258627, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766539258627, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539258627, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210516638089212895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2022', volume='57', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='2888', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766539256832, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539546411, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210517852726096743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516638089212895, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210517852726096744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516638089212895, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2738, endPage=2742, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210516646121312424, articleId=1210516645617995913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Pharmacodynamic study of chiral oxiracetam on neuroprotection and anti-dementia, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To compare the neuroprotective and anti-dementia pharmacological effects of chiral oxiracetam, glutamate and calcium ions were used to establish neuronal injury models in vitro, and the protective effects of chiral oxiracetam on primary neurons were assayed by MTT. Permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2-VO)-induced rats were randomly divided into sham group, model group, galantamine 3 mg‧kg-1 group, oxiracetam groups (30, 100 and 200 mg‧kg-1), S-oxiracetam groups (30, 100 and 200 mg‧kg-1) and R-oxiracetam 200 mg‧kg-1 group. The animal experiments in the present study were performed in accordance with the Ethical Guidelines of the Laboratory Animal Welfare Ethical Committee of Peking Union Medical College. Morris water maze and step-down test were applied to evaluate the cognitive dysfunction induced by cerebral hypoperfusion in rats. Oxiracetam, S-oxiracetam and R-oxiracetam exerted protective effects on primary neuronal damage caused by various stimuli, and oxiracetam and S-oxiracetam showed better neuro-protective effects. Morris water maze and step-down results showed that oxiracetam, S-oxiracetam and R-oxiracetam improved the cognition of 2-VO rats. In summary, S-oxiracetam exerted a better neuro-protective effect than oxiracetam and R-oxiracetam.

, correspAuthors=Xiao-liang WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2022 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ling WANG, Shao-feng XU, Nan FENG, Wei-ping WANG, Xiao-liang WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1210516648369459504, articleId=1210516645617995913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=奥拉西坦及异构体神经保护和抗痴呆的药效学研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

比较奥拉西坦及其手性异构体对神经损伤和动物记忆障碍模型的药效。体外利用谷氨酸和钙离子建立原代神经元损伤模型, 评价奥拉西坦异构体对原代神经元的保护作用。体内利用手术结扎大鼠的双侧颈总动脉, 分为假手术组、模型组、加兰他敏3 mg‧kg-1组、消旋奥拉西坦(30、100和200 mg‧kg-1)、左旋奥拉西坦(30、100和200 mg‧kg-1) 和右旋奥拉西坦200 mg‧kg-1组。本研究中的动物实验是按照北京协和医学院福利伦理审查委员会的伦理指导方针进行的。利用跳台和Morris水迷宫实验评价奥拉西坦异构体对大鼠脑低灌注诱导的认知功能障碍的改善作用。研究结果显示, 左旋、右旋和消旋奥拉西坦对不同诱导剂所致的原代神经元损伤均有一定的保护作用, 其中左旋和消旋体的作用较强。在双侧颈总动脉结扎诱导的痴呆大鼠模型上, 左旋、消旋和右旋奥拉西坦均显示改善脑低灌注诱导的大鼠学习和记忆缺失。综上所述, 奥拉西坦对原代神经元损伤及动物痴呆模型均有一定的治疗作用, 左旋奥拉西坦效果最明显。

, correspAuthors=王晓良, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*王晓良, Tel: 86-10-63165330, E-mail:
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Front Neurosci, 2020, 14: 28., articleTitle=Transcranial direct current stimulation ameliorates cognitive impairment via modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and autophagy in a rat model of vascular dementia, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1210516653675254446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645617995913, awardId=BZ0150, language=CN, fundingSource=新药作用机制研究与药效评价北京市重点实验室(BZ0150), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1210516648629506380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645617995913, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210516648637894990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645617995913, companyId=1210516648629506380, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210516648642089295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645617995913, companyId=1210516648629506380, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国医学科学院, 北京协和医学院药物研究所, 北京 100050)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1210516652500849245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645617995913, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=eo2pvlT+f0G0fH7uiPjxhg==, figureFileBig=iQ4cmgGqjtB7AjLDamr3OQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516652622484071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645617995913, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Chiral oxiracetam attenuated glutamate-induced neuronal damage. Cells were incubated with 500 μmol‧L<sup>-1</sup> glutamate for 24 h, drugs were added to the culture 4 h prior to glutamate stimulation. Cell viability was assayed by MTT. <i>n</i> = 6, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \overline{x} $</span> ± SEM. <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> glutamate-treated group. ORC: Oxiracetam; <i>S</i>-ORC: <i>S</i>-Oxiracetam; <i>R</i>-ORC: <i>R</i>-Oxiracetam , figureFileSmall=eo2pvlT+f0G0fH7uiPjxhg==, figureFileBig=iQ4cmgGqjtB7AjLDamr3OQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516652949639804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645617995913, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=81FdGsn92xlifvPwrA8Q6Q==, figureFileBig=svAKuRWzSVDE3Etay/f3yg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516653071274628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645617995913, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Chiral oxiracetam attenuated Ca<sup>2+</sup> paradox-induced neuronal damage. Cells were incubated with Ca<sup>2+</sup> paradox for 24 h, drugs were added to the culture 4 h prior to Ca<sup>2+</sup> paradox treatment. Cell viability was assayed by MTT. <i>n</i> = 6, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \overline{x} $</span> ± SEM. <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05 <i>vs</i> Ca<sup>2+</sup> paradox-treated group , figureFileSmall=81FdGsn92xlifvPwrA8Q6Q==, figureFileBig=svAKuRWzSVDE3Etay/f3yg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516653205492359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645617995913, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=sWXqrSHk4Mr3jwuYUguvbA==, figureFileBig=C5ILKS5HwzCVMz0bDiYOzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516653322932883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645617995913, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Chiral oxiracetam improved learning and memory deficits of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2-VO) rats in the Morris water maze. A: Latency; B: The time spent in the target quadrant after platform removing; C: Latency to find the platform during the probe session. <i>n</i> = 14-18, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \overline{x} $</span> ± SEM. <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> sham group; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> 2-VO group (model) , figureFileSmall=sWXqrSHk4Mr3jwuYUguvbA==, figureFileBig=C5ILKS5HwzCVMz0bDiYOzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516653436179097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645617995913, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=waEtDMr6f+IOGNsFuqc7rw==, figureFileBig=jyJqdK14xGAIZEY5a/Dolw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516653541036705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645617995913, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Chiral oxiracetam improved learning and memory deficits of 2-VO rats in the step-down test. 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奥拉西坦及异构体神经保护和抗痴呆的药效学研究
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王玲 , 徐少峰 , 冯楠 , 王伟平 , 王晓良 *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2022,57(9): 2738-2742
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2022, 57(9): 2738-2742
奥拉西坦及异构体神经保护和抗痴呆的药效学研究
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王玲, 徐少峰, 冯楠, 王伟平, 王晓良*
作者信息
  • 中国医学科学院, 北京协和医学院药物研究所, 北京 100050

通讯作者:

*王晓良, Tel: 86-10-63165330, E-mail:
Pharmacodynamic study of chiral oxiracetam on neuroprotection and anti-dementia
Ling WANG, Shao-feng XU, Nan FENG, Wei-ping WANG, Xiao-liang WANG*
Affiliations
  • Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
出版时间: 2022-09-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0741
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比较奥拉西坦及其手性异构体对神经损伤和动物记忆障碍模型的药效。体外利用谷氨酸和钙离子建立原代神经元损伤模型, 评价奥拉西坦异构体对原代神经元的保护作用。体内利用手术结扎大鼠的双侧颈总动脉, 分为假手术组、模型组、加兰他敏3 mg‧kg-1组、消旋奥拉西坦(30、100和200 mg‧kg-1)、左旋奥拉西坦(30、100和200 mg‧kg-1) 和右旋奥拉西坦200 mg‧kg-1组。本研究中的动物实验是按照北京协和医学院福利伦理审查委员会的伦理指导方针进行的。利用跳台和Morris水迷宫实验评价奥拉西坦异构体对大鼠脑低灌注诱导的认知功能障碍的改善作用。研究结果显示, 左旋、右旋和消旋奥拉西坦对不同诱导剂所致的原代神经元损伤均有一定的保护作用, 其中左旋和消旋体的作用较强。在双侧颈总动脉结扎诱导的痴呆大鼠模型上, 左旋、消旋和右旋奥拉西坦均显示改善脑低灌注诱导的大鼠学习和记忆缺失。综上所述, 奥拉西坦对原代神经元损伤及动物痴呆模型均有一定的治疗作用, 左旋奥拉西坦效果最明显。

奥拉西坦  /  光学异构体  /  脑保护  /  学习记忆  /  血管性痴呆

To compare the neuroprotective and anti-dementia pharmacological effects of chiral oxiracetam, glutamate and calcium ions were used to establish neuronal injury models in vitro, and the protective effects of chiral oxiracetam on primary neurons were assayed by MTT. Permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2-VO)-induced rats were randomly divided into sham group, model group, galantamine 3 mg‧kg-1 group, oxiracetam groups (30, 100 and 200 mg‧kg-1), S-oxiracetam groups (30, 100 and 200 mg‧kg-1) and R-oxiracetam 200 mg‧kg-1 group. The animal experiments in the present study were performed in accordance with the Ethical Guidelines of the Laboratory Animal Welfare Ethical Committee of Peking Union Medical College. Morris water maze and step-down test were applied to evaluate the cognitive dysfunction induced by cerebral hypoperfusion in rats. Oxiracetam, S-oxiracetam and R-oxiracetam exerted protective effects on primary neuronal damage caused by various stimuli, and oxiracetam and S-oxiracetam showed better neuro-protective effects. Morris water maze and step-down results showed that oxiracetam, S-oxiracetam and R-oxiracetam improved the cognition of 2-VO rats. In summary, S-oxiracetam exerted a better neuro-protective effect than oxiracetam and R-oxiracetam.

oxiracetam  /  optical isomer  /  brain protection  /  learning and memory  /  vascular dementia
王玲, 徐少峰, 冯楠, 王伟平, 王晓良. 奥拉西坦及异构体神经保护和抗痴呆的药效学研究. 药学学报, 2022 , 57 (9) : 2738 -2742 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0741
Ling WANG, Shao-feng XU, Nan FENG, Wei-ping WANG, Xiao-liang WANG. Pharmacodynamic study of chiral oxiracetam on neuroprotection and anti-dementia[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2022 , 57 (9) : 2738 -2742 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0741
奥拉西坦(oxiracetam, ORC) 是环γ-氨基-β-羟基丁酸(gamma-amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid, GABA) 衍生物, 属促智药。目前在临床上用于轻中度血管性痴呆、老年性痴呆及脑外伤等症引起的记忆与智能障碍[1, 2]。奥拉西坦为手性药物, 可拆分为左旋体和右旋体, 已上市的奥拉西坦为消旋体。本研究考察了左旋、右旋和消旋奥拉西坦对不同损伤剂所致原代培养神经元损伤的保护作用, 并进一步评价其对双侧颈总动脉结扎所致大鼠学习和记忆缺失的改善作用。
试剂和药品  ORC (批号: 20080917) GMP生产原料, 纯度为99.8%; 左旋奥拉西坦(S-ORC, 批号: 091201) 纯度为99%; 右旋奥拉西坦(R-ORC, 批号: 20081124) 纯度为99.14%, 均由重庆东泽医药科技发展有限公司提供。谷氨酸和MTT购自Sigma公司。
原代神经元的培养[3-5]  采用Wistar新生鼠(24 h内), 动物合格证号: SCXK (京) 2009-0007, 培养皮层原代神经元, 细胞按每毫升1×106个接种于L-多聚赖氨酸化的96孔培养板, 神经元生长至第7天。
研究奥拉西坦对谷氨酸损伤的原代神经元的保护作用  在给药组中加入相应浓度的待测化合物(0.1、1和10 μmol‧L-1左旋、右旋和消旋奥拉西坦), 正常对照组和谷氨酸损伤组加入化合物溶剂对照, 阳性对照组加入10 μmol‧L-1维生素E。预孵育4 h, 除对照组外再加入500 μmol‧L-1谷氨酸孵育24 h; 加入0.5 mg‧mL-1 MTT溶液, 4 h后加入DMSO溶液, 于490 nm波长处检测。
研究奥拉西坦对钙紊乱损伤的原代神经元的保护作用  在给药组中加入相应浓度的待测化合物(0.1、1和10 μmol‧L-1左旋、右旋和消旋奥拉西坦), 正常对照组和模型损伤组加入化合物溶剂对照, 阳性对照组加入10 μmol‧L-1维生素E。预孵育4 h, 除对照组外将细胞培养液更换为Ca2+ free EBSS平衡盐溶液。无钙液孵育60 min后, 将细胞培养液更换为Ca2+ (1.8 mmol‧L-1) 的EBSS平衡盐溶液, 孵育24 h; MTT测定细胞生存率。
动物实验
实验动物及手术[6, 7]  Wistar大鼠, 雄性, 6周龄(220~240 g), 购自维通利华实验动物有限公司, 动物合格证号: SCXK (京) 2009-0007。大鼠适应性饲养3天, 于术前8~12 h禁食, 不禁水。采用永久性结扎大鼠双侧颈总动脉造成持续性脑低灌注模型。用2.5%异氟烷麻醉大鼠, 仰卧位固定于手术台上, 体温维持在36.5 ± 0.5 ℃。沿颈正中线纵向切开皮肤及皮下组织, 切口长约1.5 cm, 分离左右两侧颈总动脉, 用5-0手术丝线结扎。局部伤口缝合前均以青霉素处理防止感染。笼中保温饲养。假手术组除不夹闭双侧颈总动脉, 其余处理与2-VO组相同。大鼠随机分为10组, 每组14~18只: 假手术组(sham)、模型组、加兰他敏3 mg‧kg-1组、消旋奥拉西坦30、100和200 mg‧kg-1组、左旋奥拉西坦30、100和200 mg‧kg-1组、右旋奥拉西坦200 mg‧kg-1组, 除假手术组外, 其余组均给予手术结扎双侧颈总动脉。假手术组和模型组口服给予去离子水。本研究中的动物实验是按照北京协和医学院福利伦理审查委员会的伦理指导方针进行的。
给药方式  大鼠术后第二天连续口服给药, 4周后进行水迷宫和跳台实验。实验前1 h给予治疗药物, 直至实验结束。
行为学评价[8-10]
Morris水迷宫实验  Morris水迷宫由一金属圆柱形水池和自动显示、记录装置及安全岛(平台) 组成。水池分为4个象限(东、南、西、北), 平台放置于第二象限的中心。水温保持在24 ± 2 ℃, 水面高出平台1.0 cm。每只大鼠每天接受2次训练, 分别从2个不同的入水点开始, 两次训练间隔1 min, 记录潜伏期(找到平台的时间) 和游泳速度。如果大鼠在60 s内未找到平台, 则潜伏期以60秒计算。无论在60 s内找到平台与否, 都让大鼠在平台上停留30 s。连续训练5天, 最后一天训练24 h后进行探索实验, 移去平台, 大鼠自由游泳60 s寻找平台, 记录大鼠第一次穿过平台所在位置的时间和穿越平台所在位置的次数。
跳台实验  大鼠跳台装置为一个长方形反射箱, 大小为80 cm × 16 cm × 40 cm的有机玻璃箱。底面为不锈钢网栅, 网栅间距为0.5 cm。每间左后角放置一高4.5 cm、直径6.5 cm的橡胶站台作为大鼠回避电击的安全平台。当大鼠跳下站台时, 则遭受到36 V电击惩罚。本实验连续进行2天, 第一天为学习阶段, 将大鼠面向墙角轻轻放置于站台上, 首先让动物适应环境3 min, 然后通以36 V交流电。记录每只大鼠受到电击的次数(也称错误次数)。24 h后重做测试, 此即记忆保持实验。将大鼠放置于站台上, 通电观察, 并记录第一次跳下站台的潜伏期和5 min内的错误次数来评价学习记忆能力。
统计学方法  结果以mean ± SEM表示。水迷宫实验的潜伏期采用two-way ANOVA with post hoc LSD进行比较, 其余通过one-way ANOVA with post hoc LSD进行比较。P < 0.05认为有显著性差异。
图 1所示, 原代皮层神经元经500 μmol‧L-1谷氨酸温孵24 h后, 细胞存活率明显降低, 与正常对照组相比具有显著性差异(P < 0.001)。消旋奥拉西坦1和10 μmol‧L-1均能提高神经元的存活率, 与模型组相比具有显著性差异(P < 0.01, P < 0.05)。右旋和左旋奥拉西坦10 μmol‧L-1浓度可提高神经元的存活率, 与模型组相比具有显著性差异(P < 0.05)。表明左旋、右旋和消旋奥拉西坦对神经元均有一定的保护作用。
图 2所示, 原代皮层神经元经钙紊乱损伤后, 细胞存活率明显降低, 与正常对照组相比具有显著性差异(P < 0.001)。消旋奥拉西坦10 μmol‧L-1能提高神经元的存活率, 与模型组相比具有显著性差异(P < 0.05)。左旋奥拉西坦0.1和1 μmol‧L-1均能提高神经元的存活率, 与模型组相比具有显著性差异(P < 0.05)。右旋奥拉西坦对钙紊乱诱导的损伤有一定的保护作用趋势, 但无统计学差异。结果表明, 消旋奥拉西坦和左旋奥拉西坦均能改善钙紊乱所致的原代神经元损伤。
大鼠经过Morris水迷宫5天的训练, 与假手术组大鼠相比, 模型组大鼠找到平台的潜伏期较长, 有显著性差异(P < 0.001), 提示大鼠的学习记忆功能明显损伤。左旋奥拉西坦30、100和200 mg‧kg-1治疗组均能显著降低模型大鼠找到平台的潜伏期(P < 0.05, P < 0.01), 而消旋奥拉西坦和右旋奥拉西坦在200 mg‧kg-1显著缩短大鼠找到平台的潜伏期(P < 0.05, 图 3A)。在第6天的空间探索实验中, 模型组大鼠在平台所在象限的停留时间减少, 第一次穿越平台的时间延长, 但无统计学差异。左旋奥拉西坦200 mg‧kg-1大鼠在平台所在象限的停留时间延长, 第一次穿过平台的时间缩短, 与模型组相比具有统计学差异(P < 0.05), 其余无统计学差异(图 3BC)。以上结果提示, 左旋奥拉西坦对低灌注大鼠的空间记忆缺失有明显的改善作用。消旋和右旋奥拉西坦的作用并不显著。加兰他敏对低灌注大鼠的学习和记忆缺失也有一定的改善作用, 但没有达到统计学差异(P = 0.08)。
在跳台实验中(图 4), 与假手术组大鼠相比, 模型组大鼠在台上停留时间(潜伏期) 显著缩短, 错误次数有增加(P < 0.01), 提示低灌注能引起大鼠明显的学习和记忆缺失。左旋奥拉西坦30和100 mg‧kg-1即可使大鼠的潜伏期显著延长(P < 0.05, P < 0.01), 而30~200 mg‧kg-1均可明显减少大鼠的错误次数(P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.05)。消旋和右旋奥拉西坦对大鼠的潜伏期无明显影响, 而两者在200 mg‧kg-1时均能明显降低大鼠的错误次数(P < 0.01, P < 0.05)。跳台结果显示, 左旋、消旋和右旋奥拉西坦对脑低灌注所诱导的大鼠学习和记忆缺失均有明显的改善作用, 但左旋奥拉西坦的作用最强。
奥拉西坦是已经上市的神经保护剂, 主要用于治疗轻中度血管性痴呆和老年痴呆, 以及脑外伤和脑炎引起的脑损伤。它可促进磷脂酰胆碱和磷酰乙醇胺合成, 提高大脑中ATP/ADP的比值及大脑的兴奋性[11, 12]。目前, 奥拉西坦在临床上使用的是其消旋体, 而光学异构体的活性未见报道。本研究通过体外细胞实验和体内脑缺血实验比较了奥拉西坦消旋体和两个光学异构体在神经保护和血管性痴呆的药效学作用, 为该药的深度开发提供实验依据。
在原代培养的神经元细胞模型上, 左旋奥拉西坦对诱导剂谷氨酸和钙紊乱所致神经元损伤有明显的保护作用, 虽然消旋和右旋奥拉西坦也有一定作用。高浓度谷氨酸和钙紊乱是神经元损伤的最常见原因, 也是最常用的研究模型。
在血管性痴呆的药物评价中, 本研究采用了大鼠双侧颈总动脉结扎的方法, 造成持续性脑低灌注状态, 继而造成脑能量代谢下降、线粒体功能障碍和氧化应激发生, 以及神经递质的紊乱、缺失等, 引起学习记忆功能的损伤, 此模型广泛用于抗血管性痴呆和老年性痴呆的药物研究[13-15]。目前, 尚没有正式批准的抗血管性痴呆的药物上市。胆碱酯酶抑制剂加兰他敏是临床常用的抗老年痴呆药物, 本研究以加兰他敏作为阳性药物, 通过两个实验比较了奥拉西坦及其异构体抗痴呆的作用。在水迷宫实验中, 加兰他敏、左旋、消旋和右旋奥拉西坦对脑低灌注诱导的大鼠空间学习记忆缺失均有改善作用, 其中左旋奥拉西坦作用最强, 甚至优于加兰他敏; 在水迷宫实验的潜伏期只有左旋奥拉西坦具有显著性。在跳台实验中, 在评估大鼠跳下平台的潜伏期和错误次数上, 也显示出左旋奥拉西坦的作用最强, 在低剂量下就已显示出明显作用, 其作用强度优于加兰他敏和其他消旋体和异构体。
综上所述, 手性奥拉西坦对原代神经元损伤及动物血管性痴呆模型均有明显的治疗作用, 左旋奥拉西坦效果最强。该研究为奥拉西坦的深入开发奠定了实验基础, 左旋奥拉西坦已获批进行临床试验。
作者贡献: 王玲负责主要的实验设计和撰写论文; 徐少峰负责动物实验; 冯楠和王伟平负责数据分析; 王晓良负责指导实验设计和论文的修改。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 新药作用机制研究与药效评价北京市重点实验室(BZ0150)
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2022年第57卷第9期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0741
  • 接收时间:2022-06-16
  • 首发时间:2025-12-24
  • 出版时间:2022-09-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-16
  • 修回日期:2022-07-13
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新药作用机制研究与药效评价北京市重点实验室(BZ0150)
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    中国医学科学院, 北京协和医学院药物研究所, 北京 100050

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*王晓良, Tel: 86-10-63165330, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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