Article(id=1210516749347320271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516741998907791, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0656, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1653580800000, receivedDateStr=2022-05-27, revisedDate=1655308800000, revisedDateStr=2022-06-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766539283358, onlineDateStr=2025-12-24, pubDate=1665504000000, pubDateStr=2022-10-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766539283358, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766539283358, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539283358, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210516741998907791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2022', volume='57', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='3258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766539281606, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539576214, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210517977762500872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516741998907791, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210517977762500873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516741998907791, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2921, endPage=2931, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210516751234757173, articleId=1210516749347320271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Research progress on the G protein modulators, columnId=1210516743097815441, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Special Reports Ⅰ: New Targets, New Strategies for Drug Discovery and Advances in Antiviral Drug Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Heterotrimeric G proteins are classes of signal-transducing proteins that bind to guanine nucleotides and possess GTP hydrolase activity. G proteins are composed of three subunits α, β, and γ, and are considered as the "molecular switch" in the GPCR signaling pathway. The abnormal activation of G protein is strongly related to diseases such as uveal melanoma, asthma, et al., making directly targeting G protein as an promising strategy for combating diseases. In this review, the classification and physiological functions of G protein are briefly described, and the research progress of G proteins in diseases, G protein modulators are reviewed.
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异源三聚体G蛋白是一类能与鸟嘌呤核苷酸结合, 具有GTP水解酶活性的信号转导蛋白。G蛋白由α、β、γ三个亚基组成, 是GPCR信号通路中“分子开关”。异常活化的G蛋白与葡萄膜黑色素瘤、哮喘等疾病直接相关, 直接靶向G蛋白是上述疾病有前景的治疗策略。本文将简述G蛋白的分类及生理功能, 并综述G蛋白与疾病的关系以及G蛋白调节剂的研究进展。
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Structural formulas of suramin, NF449 and NF503 , figureFileSmall=Z/NJDSLjGxX17sxChiByfw==, figureFileBig=HR55ZPegZT4Wy+DfxvkJ3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516759547867272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749347320271, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ByY1gd7EW+vP1GSvXAz03A==, figureFileBig=BBpEzauADEOG1Y4pC2nkBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516759644336276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749347320271, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption=
Structural formulas of 0990 and 4630 , figureFileSmall=ByY1gd7EW+vP1GSvXAz03A==, figureFileBig=BBpEzauADEOG1Y4pC2nkBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516759736610974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749347320271, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=mxjun0jqEN7pS2KDAjLxWA==, figureFileBig=06Uej4YmV/LnpJ2B0FBFKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516759845662887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749347320271, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption=
Structural formulas of YM-254890 and FR900359 , figureFileSmall=mxjun0jqEN7pS2KDAjLxWA==, figureFileBig=06Uej4YmV/LnpJ2B0FBFKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516759988269234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749347320271, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=iGTFw3FKN9IIvPw9knhAFQ==, figureFileBig=H0p9u1hV/Dr1rO+KyOlmmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516760114098365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749347320271, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption=
Structural formulas of BIM-46174, BIM-46187, GQ127, GQ262, GQ352, and imidazopiperazine derivatives , figureFileSmall=iGTFw3FKN9IIvPw9knhAFQ==, figureFileBig=H0p9u1hV/Dr1rO+KyOlmmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516760248316107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749347320271, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=CVqGr4JirmbRxJ04DlCHEA==, figureFileBig=q2vXXR3Kvmbk6K4xweE3SA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516760403505369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749347320271, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption=
Structural formulas of several Gβγ inhibitors , figureFileSmall=CVqGr4JirmbRxJ04DlCHEA==, figureFileBig=q2vXXR3Kvmbk6K4xweE3SA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516760529334499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749347320271, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Subfamily | Subtype | Receptor | Effect | Second messenger | Expression localization |
| Gαs | αs | β-AR | AC↑, open Ca2+ channels | cAMP↑ | Distribute widely |
| αolf | Odor receptors | AC↑ | MP↓ | Olfctory receptor neurons |
| Gαi | αi1, αi2, αi3 | Somatostatin receptors | AC↓, open K+ channels | cAMP↓ | Distribute widely |
| αoA, αoB | mAChR | PI↓, close Ca2+ channels | MP↑ | Cranial nerves |
| αz | Unknown | AC↓ | cAMP↓ | Cranial nerves, platelets |
| αt1 | Rhodopsin | PDE↑ | cGMP↓ | Rod cells |
| αt2 | Opsin | PDE↑ | cGMP↓ | Cone cells |
| αgust | Gustatory sense | PDE↑ | Unknown | Taste bud cells |
| Gαq/11 | αq, α11 | mAChR | PI↑, PLC-β | IP3↑, DAG | Distribute widely |
| α14 | mAChR | PI↑, PLC-β | IP3↑, DAG | Kidneys, liver, lungs |
| α15, α16 | mAChR | PI↑, PLC-β | IP3↑, DAG | Hematopoietic stem cells |
| Gα12/13 | α12, α13 | Receptors of LPA, AT I | Regulate Na+/K+ ion exchange, Ca2+↑ | Unknown | Distribute widely |
), ArticleFig(id=1210516760655163632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749347320271, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=
Functions of Gα subtypes[2, 3]. β-AR: β-Adrenergic receptors; mAChR: Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors; AT I: Angiotensin I; AC: Adenylyl cyclase; PI: Phosphatidyl inositol; PDE: Phosphodiesterase; PLC-β: Phosphalidase C-β; cAMP: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate; MP: Membrane potential; IP3: Inositol triphosphate; DAG: Diacylglycerol; LPA: Lysophosphatidic acid
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Subfamily | Subtype | Receptor | Effect | Second messenger | Expression localization |
| Gαs | αs | β-AR | AC↑, open Ca2+ channels | cAMP↑ | Distribute widely |
| αolf | Odor receptors | AC↑ | MP↓ | Olfctory receptor neurons |
| Gαi | αi1, αi2, αi3 | Somatostatin receptors | AC↓, open K+ channels | cAMP↓ | Distribute widely |
| αoA, αoB | mAChR | PI↓, close Ca2+ channels | MP↑ | Cranial nerves |
| αz | Unknown | AC↓ | cAMP↓ | Cranial nerves, platelets |
| αt1 | Rhodopsin | PDE↑ | cGMP↓ | Rod cells |
| αt2 | Opsin | PDE↑ | cGMP↓ | Cone cells |
| αgust | Gustatory sense | PDE↑ | Unknown | Taste bud cells |
| Gαq/11 | αq, α11 | mAChR | PI↑, PLC-β | IP3↑, DAG | Distribute widely |
| α14 | mAChR | PI↑, PLC-β | IP3↑, DAG | Kidneys, liver, lungs |
| α15, α16 | mAChR | PI↑, PLC-β | IP3↑, DAG | Hematopoietic stem cells |
| Gα12/13 | α12, α13 | Receptors of LPA, AT I | Regulate Na+/K+ ion exchange, Ca2+↑ | Unknown | Distribute widely |
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