Article(id=1210518240732779017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210518228766421884, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0620, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1655827200000, receivedDateStr=2022-06-22, revisedDate=1663776000000, revisedDateStr=2022-09-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766539638931, onlineDateStr=2025-12-24, pubDate=1670774400000, pubDateStr=2022-12-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766539638931, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766539638931, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539638931, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210518228766421884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2022', volume='57', issue='12', pageStart='0', pageEnd='3698', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766539636078, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539730802, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210518626109624560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210518228766421884, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210518626109624561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210518228766421884, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3621, endPage=3625, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210518243467465283, articleId=1210518240732779017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Determination of 7 aminoglycoside antibiotics residues in bear bile powder by mix-mode SPE-hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

An analytical method was developed for determination of 7 aminoglycosides antibiotics in bear bile powder by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The samples were purified by mix-mode weak cation exchange and reversed-phase SPE. Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH Amide column (100 mm × 3.0 mm, 1.7 μm) was used with 0.2% formic acid aqueous solution-0.2% formic acid acetonitrile solution as mobile phases by gradient elution. The aminoglycosides were detected by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in positive mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Spectinomycin, streptomycin, amikacin, kanamycin, tobramycin, apramycin and neomycin possessed good linear correlation in the respective concentration ranges, with the correlation coefficients more than 0.99. The mean recoveries at 3 spiked levels were in the range of 61.3%~127.3%, and the RSDs were 0.1%~1.9%. The limits of quantification were 0.2~1.0 mg·kg-1. The method had been applied to the analysis of actual samples.

, correspAuthors=Shen JI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2022 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Qing HU, Jian SUN, Hong YU, Jing-xian ZHANG, Xiu-hong MAO, Shen JI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1210518244373435029, articleId=1210518240732779017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=混合型固相萃取-亲水作用色谱串联质谱法测定熊胆粉中7种氨基糖苷类抗生素残留量, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

建立了亲水作用色谱串联三重四极杆质谱测定熊胆粉中7种氨基糖苷类抗生素的方法。采用混合型弱阳离子交换反相吸附固相萃取净化样品, Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH Amide色谱柱(100 mm × 3.0 mm, 1.7 μm), 以0.2%甲酸水溶液-0.2%甲酸乙腈溶液为流动相, 梯度洗脱, 在电喷雾离子化正离子模式下, 以多反应监测方式(MRM) 检测。大观霉素、链霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、卡那霉素、妥布霉素、安普霉素、新霉素在各自浓度范围内均呈良好线性关系, 相关系数均在0.99以上; 三水平平均加样回收率为61.3%~127.3%, 相对标准偏差(RSD) 为0.1%~1.9%; 定量限为0.2~1.0 mg·kg-1。本方法已应用于实际样品的测定。

, correspAuthors=季申, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*季申, Tel: 86-21-50798195, E-mail:
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A: Spectinomycin; B: Streptomycin; C: Amikacin; D: Kanamycin; E: Tobramycin; F: Apramycin; G: Neomycin , figureFileSmall=+iE5tVULCMBripMDZOBn4Q==, figureFileBig=gBw76Keg/NKtoYaqWSRBqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210518252363584464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210518240732779017, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
AminoglycosidePrecursor ion (m/z)Product ion (m/z)CE/V
Spectinomycin333.298.0*, 140.026, 25
Streptomycin582.3263.0*, 246.037, 43
Amikacin586.3163.1*, 264.330, 25
Kanamycin485.2163.1*, 324.229, 17
Tobramycin468.3163.2*, 145.129, 21
Apramycin540.355.1*, 83.057, 45
Neomycin615.3114.0*, 80.061, 73
), ArticleFig(id=1210518252481024983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210518240732779017, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Monitoring ion pairs and collision energy (CE) of aminoglycosides. *Quantitative ion

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
AminoglycosidePrecursor ion (m/z)Product ion (m/z)CE/V
Spectinomycin333.298.0*, 140.026, 25
Streptomycin582.3263.0*, 246.037, 43
Amikacin586.3163.1*, 264.330, 25
Kanamycin485.2163.1*, 324.229, 17
Tobramycin468.3163.2*, 145.129, 21
Apramycin540.355.1*, 83.057, 45
Neomycin615.3114.0*, 80.061, 73
), ArticleFig(id=1210518252577493981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210518240732779017, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
AminoglycosideLinear range/μg·L-1Linear equationCorrelation coefficient
Spectinomycin4-80y =2 956.29 x - 1 013.150.998 8
Streptomycin4-80y = 120.73 x - 190.470.995 3
Amikacin4-80y = 368.64 x - 794.480.994 5
Kanamycin4-80y = 879.19 x - 1 686.610.996 8
Tobramycin4-80y = 342.51 x - 859.390.997 4
Apramycin20-100y = 10.23 x - 12.590.997 9
Neomycin20-100y = 22.05 x - 91.590.996 7
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Linear ranges, equations and correlation coefficients of aminoglycosides

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
AminoglycosideLinear range/μg·L-1Linear equationCorrelation coefficient
Spectinomycin4-80y =2 956.29 x - 1 013.150.998 8
Streptomycin4-80y = 120.73 x - 190.470.995 3
Amikacin4-80y = 368.64 x - 794.480.994 5
Kanamycin4-80y = 879.19 x - 1 686.610.996 8
Tobramycin4-80y = 342.51 x - 859.390.997 4
Apramycin20-100y = 10.23 x - 12.590.997 9
Neomycin20-100y = 22.05 x - 91.590.996 7
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AminoglycosideSpiked /mg·kg-1Recovery /%RSD /%LOQ /mg·kg-1
Spectinomycin0.281.61.00.2
0.464.80.5
1.061.30.7
Streptomycin0.2124.00.40.2
0.4122.81.0
1.0116.20.1
Amikacin0.2127.30.50.2
0.4112.60.9
1.0109.20.7
Kanamycin0.298.71.00.2
0.4103.91.8
1.0108.61.0
Tobramycin0.2126.00.60.2
0.4106.61.2
1.0101.60.8
Apramycin1.078.60.71.0
2.074.40.8
5.071.20.3
Neomycin1.0101.91.91.0
2.092.90.7
5.088.10.8
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Recoveries, precisions and limit of quantification (LOQ) of aminoglycosides

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AminoglycosideSpiked /mg·kg-1Recovery /%RSD /%LOQ /mg·kg-1
Spectinomycin0.281.61.00.2
0.464.80.5
1.061.30.7
Streptomycin0.2124.00.40.2
0.4122.81.0
1.0116.20.1
Amikacin0.2127.30.50.2
0.4112.60.9
1.0109.20.7
Kanamycin0.298.71.00.2
0.4103.91.8
1.0108.61.0
Tobramycin0.2126.00.60.2
0.4106.61.2
1.0101.60.8
Apramycin1.078.60.71.0
2.074.40.8
5.071.20.3
Neomycin1.0101.91.91.0
2.092.90.7
5.088.10.8
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混合型固相萃取-亲水作用色谱串联质谱法测定熊胆粉中7种氨基糖苷类抗生素残留量
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胡青 1, 2 , 孙健 2 , 于泓 2 , 张静娴 2 , 毛秀红 2 , 季申 1, 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2022,57(12): 3621-3625
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2022, 57(12): 3621-3625
混合型固相萃取-亲水作用色谱串联质谱法测定熊胆粉中7种氨基糖苷类抗生素残留量
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胡青1, 2, 孙健2, 于泓2, 张静娴2, 毛秀红2, 季申1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国医药工业研究总院, 上海 201203
  • 2.上海市食品药品检验研究院, 国家药品监督管理局中药质量控制重点实验室, 上海 201203

通讯作者:

*季申, Tel: 86-21-50798195, E-mail:
Determination of 7 aminoglycoside antibiotics residues in bear bile powder by mix-mode SPE-hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Qing HU1, 2, Jian SUN2, Hong YU2, Jing-xian ZHANG2, Xiu-hong MAO2, Shen JI1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
  • 2. NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, China
出版时间: 2022-12-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0620
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建立了亲水作用色谱串联三重四极杆质谱测定熊胆粉中7种氨基糖苷类抗生素的方法。采用混合型弱阳离子交换反相吸附固相萃取净化样品, Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH Amide色谱柱(100 mm × 3.0 mm, 1.7 μm), 以0.2%甲酸水溶液-0.2%甲酸乙腈溶液为流动相, 梯度洗脱, 在电喷雾离子化正离子模式下, 以多反应监测方式(MRM) 检测。大观霉素、链霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、卡那霉素、妥布霉素、安普霉素、新霉素在各自浓度范围内均呈良好线性关系, 相关系数均在0.99以上; 三水平平均加样回收率为61.3%~127.3%, 相对标准偏差(RSD) 为0.1%~1.9%; 定量限为0.2~1.0 mg·kg-1。本方法已应用于实际样品的测定。

亲水作用色谱串联质谱  /  混合型固相萃取  /  熊胆粉  /  氨基糖苷

An analytical method was developed for determination of 7 aminoglycosides antibiotics in bear bile powder by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The samples were purified by mix-mode weak cation exchange and reversed-phase SPE. Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH Amide column (100 mm × 3.0 mm, 1.7 μm) was used with 0.2% formic acid aqueous solution-0.2% formic acid acetonitrile solution as mobile phases by gradient elution. The aminoglycosides were detected by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in positive mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Spectinomycin, streptomycin, amikacin, kanamycin, tobramycin, apramycin and neomycin possessed good linear correlation in the respective concentration ranges, with the correlation coefficients more than 0.99. The mean recoveries at 3 spiked levels were in the range of 61.3%~127.3%, and the RSDs were 0.1%~1.9%. The limits of quantification were 0.2~1.0 mg·kg-1. The method had been applied to the analysis of actual samples.

hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry  /  mix-mode solid-phase extraction  /  bear bile powder  /  aminoglycoside
胡青, 孙健, 于泓, 张静娴, 毛秀红, 季申. 混合型固相萃取-亲水作用色谱串联质谱法测定熊胆粉中7种氨基糖苷类抗生素残留量. 药学学报, 2022 , 57 (12) : 3621 -3625 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0620
Qing HU, Jian SUN, Hong YU, Jing-xian ZHANG, Xiu-hong MAO, Shen JI. Determination of 7 aminoglycoside antibiotics residues in bear bile powder by mix-mode SPE-hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2022 , 57 (12) : 3621 -3625 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0620
熊胆粉为熊科动物黑熊Selenaretos thibetanus Cuvier经胆囊手术引流胆汁而得的干燥品, 具清热、平肝、明目之功效。在黑熊养殖、胆囊手术、术后恢复过程中均有可能使用抗生素等兽药。作者团队[1]前期采用QuEChERS前处理方法, 建立了超高效液相色谱串联质谱法定性筛查熊胆粉中169种兽药残留的方法, 发现了多种兽药残留安全风险。
氨基糖苷类抗生素是水溶性碱性抗生素, 是动物养殖中常使用的一类兽药。但由于氨基糖苷类抗生素的强极性, 难以采用常规的多兽药残留的筛查方法进行检测。且本研究对象熊胆粉中, 牛磺熊去氧胆酸和牛磺鹅去氧胆酸等胆汁酸占44%~61%[2], 与多数弱酸性小分子药物化学结构有相似性, 去除困难而对检测带来较强干扰。因此, 需针对熊胆粉的基质特性和氨基糖苷类的强极性, 建立专属的前处理方法和检测方法。
目前, 针对动物源性食品的兽药残留检测研究较多。GB/T 21323-2007《动物组织中氨基糖苷类药物残留量的测定》[3]采用C18固相萃取柱净化样品, 使用七氟丁酸离子对试剂作为流动相, 采用液质联用法进行测定。文献报道的食品中氨基糖苷类检测的前处理方法有基质分散固相萃取[4, 5]、反相固相萃取[6-8]、阳离子交换[9]、分子印迹固相萃取[10]; 色谱分离方法一般为HILIC等亲水作用色谱[4-6, 8, 10], 也可使用C18或C8等反相色谱加离子对试剂进行分离[7, 9]; 检测方法均为液质联用法。
本研究利用氨基糖苷类待测物与熊胆粉基质的酸碱差异, 采用混合型弱阳离子交换反相吸附固相萃取进行前处理, 以超高效液相色谱串联三重四极杆质谱法测定熊胆粉药材中卡那霉素、大观霉素、链霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、妥布霉素、安普霉素、新霉素共7种氨基糖苷类抗生素。
仪器与试剂  1290超高效液相色谱仪和6495三重四极杆质谱(美国Agilent公司); ACQUITY UPLC BEH Amide色谱柱(100 mm × 3.0 mm, 1.7 μm) 和Oasis WCX固相萃取柱(规格500 mg/6 mL), 美国Waters公司; 卡那霉素、大观霉素、链霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、妥布霉素、安普霉素、新霉素混合对照溶液(天津阿尔塔有限公司, 浓度100 μg·mL-1, 批号S035517); 甲醇、乙腈、甲酸均为高效液相色谱级试剂。熊胆粉样品由上海凯宝药业提供, 批号X0120190801、X0220190802、X0320190803。
色谱和质谱条件  ACQUITY UPLC BEH Amide色谱柱(100 mm × 3.0 mm, 1.7 μm, 美国Waters公司); 柱温为40 ℃, 流速为0.4 mL·min-1, 进样量5 μL。流动相: A为0.2%甲酸水溶液, B为0.2%甲酸乙腈溶液; 梯度洗脱: 0~2.0 min, 20% A; 2.0~7.0 min, 20%~50% A; 7.0~12.0 min, 50%~60% A; 12.0~12.1 min, 60%~20% A; 12.1~16.0 min, 20% A。
电喷雾离子化(ESI) 正离子模式; 干燥气(N2) 流速13 L·min-1, 温度210 ℃; 雾化气(N2) 0.24 MPa; 鞘气(N2) 流速12 L·min-1, 温度380 ℃; 毛细管电压3 500 V。采用多反应监测方式(MRM) 检测, 监测离子、碰撞能量等参数见表 1
对照品溶液制备方法  分别精密量取卡那霉素、大观霉素、链霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、妥布霉素、安普霉素、新霉素对照品适量, 加水制成1 μg·mL-1混合对照品储备液。精密量取混合对照品储备液适量, 加10%甲酸水溶液制成卡那霉素、大观霉素、链霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、妥布霉素4、8、10、20、40、80 μg·L-1, 安普霉素、新霉素20、30、40、60、80、100 μg·L-1的系列混合溶液, 作为对照品溶液。
供试品溶液制备方法  取本品粉末0.1 g, 精密称定, 置离心管中, 加水5 mL, 置振荡器剧烈振荡(500次/min) 10 min至完全溶解。将上述溶液, 加于混合型弱阳离子交换反向吸附填料固相萃取柱(Oasis WCX, 规格500 mg/6 mL, 已预先用4 mL甲醇, 4 mL水活化), 弃去上样液, 再依次用4 mL水、4 mL甲醇清洗, 弃去洗液, 最后用20%甲酸乙腈溶液4 mL进行洗脱, 收集洗脱液至5 mL塑料(聚四氟乙烯材质) 量瓶中, 用20%甲酸乙腈稀释至刻度, 滤过, 取续滤液, 装聚四氟乙烯材质进样小瓶, 即得。
线性关系  取系列对照品溶液进样测定, 以各组分峰面积对质量浓度绘制曲线。
准确度  取样品, 分别添加低(卡那霉素、大观霉素、链霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、妥布霉素0.2 mg·kg-1, 安普霉素、新霉素1.0 mg·kg-1)、中(卡那霉素、大观霉素、链霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、妥布霉素0.4 mg·kg-1, 安普霉素、新霉素2.0 mg·kg-1)、高(卡那霉素、大观霉素、链霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、妥布霉素1.0 mg·kg-1, 安普霉素、新霉素5.0 mg·kg-1) 3个水平的对照品溶液, 每个水平做3个平行样, 共9份, 按上述供试品溶液制备方法和色谱质谱条件进行分析, 计算回收率和精密度。
重复性  取同一批供试品溶液, 按“准确度”低水平加样制备6份供试品溶液, 按“色谱和质谱条件”进行测定, 记录峰面积, 计算各组分峰面积的RSD。
稳定性  取同一低水平加样溶液, 在室温下, 于0、3、5、9 h时进样测定, 记录峰面积, 计算各组分峰面积的RSD。
定量限  采用直观法, 以符合回收率要求的低水平加样溶液作为定量限。
大观霉素、链霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、卡那霉素、妥布霉素在4~80 μg·L-1内, 安普霉素、新霉素在20~100 μg·L-1内均呈良好线性关系, 相关系数均在0.99以上, 结果见表 2。色谱图见图 1
在0.2、0.4和1.0 mg·kg-1的加样水平下, 大观霉素的平均加样回收率为61.3%~81.6%, RSD为0.5%~1.0%; 链霉素的平均加样回收率为116.2%~124.0%, RSD为0.1%~1.0%; 丁胺卡那霉素的平均加样回收率为109.2%~127.3%, RSD为0.5%~0.9%; 卡那霉素的平均加样回收率为98.7%~108.6%, RSD为1.0%~1.8%; 妥布霉素的平均加样回收率为101.6%~126.0%, RSD为0.6%~1.2%。在1.0、2.0和5.0 mg·kg-1的加样水平下, 安普霉素的平均加样回收率为71.2%~78.6%, RSD为0.3%~0.8%; 新霉素的平均加样回收率为88.1%~101.9%, RSD为0.7%~1.9%。具体结果见表 3
根据中国药典2020年版四部通则 < 9101 > , 样品中待测定成分含量为0.01~1 mg·kg-1级别时, 回收率要求为70%~125%, 重复性要求为不超过15%, 在基质复杂、组分含量低于0.01%及多成分等分析中, 回收率和精密度范围可适当放宽[11]。因此, 本次实验回收率和精密度基本符合要求。
大观霉素、链霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、卡那霉素、妥布霉素、安普霉素、新霉素一式六份的峰面积RSD分别为1.3%、1.3%、1.6%、0.8%、1.4%、1.5%、2.1%。
大观霉素、链霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、卡那霉素、妥布霉素、安普霉素、新霉素的峰面积RSD分别为1.0%、0.2%、1.3%、0.6%、1.2、0.5%、2.1%。在9 h内基本稳定。
大观霉素、链霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、卡那霉素、妥布霉素定量限为0.2 mg·kg-1, 安普霉素、新霉素定量限为1.0 mg·kg-1 (表 3)。
本次研究测定了上海凯宝药业提供的3批熊胆粉药材样品, 均检出卡那霉素, 含量分别为0.45、0.22、0.44 mg·kg-1, 未检出其他6种氨基糖苷类抗生素, 体现了一定的安全风险。
由于熊胆粉基质复杂, 胆汁酸含量高, 样品前处理考察了反相固相萃取(HLB) 和混合型弱阳离子交换反相吸附固相萃取(WCX) 两种净化方式。结果显示, HLB固相萃取的回收率低于20%, 而使用WCX固相萃取净化利用了基质和待测物较大的酸碱差异性, 对氨基糖苷类碱性化合物具高度专属性。熊胆粉基质提供的弱酸性环境使WCX固相萃取吸附剂和待测物处于电离状态, 待测物能较好保留, 比较了多种上样液pH值, 发现不调节上样液pH时各待测物回收率最好。同时实验发现: 低浓度溶液在碱性环境下不稳定, 因此在对照品和供试品制备溶剂中加入一定浓度的酸; 玻璃材质对低浓度化合物有吸附作用, 因此实验中所用的量瓶和进样小瓶为聚四氟乙烯材质。
色谱分离选用亲水作用色谱, 可使用水、乙腈等反相色谱流动相达到极性化合物良好分离的效果, 克服添加七氟丁酸等离子对试剂造成的离子抑制弊端。流动相水相考察0.2%甲酸水溶液和含0.2%甲酸的5 mmol·L-1甲酸铵溶液等, 发现0.2%甲酸水溶液时峰形好、响应强。
考虑到熊胆粉为熊胆汁的干燥品, 得率约为10%。熊胆汁中残留限量参照GB 31650-2019《食品安全国标·食品中兽药最大残留限量》[12]中牛/羊奶的残留限量, 大观霉素、链霉素为200 μg·kg-1, 卡那霉素为150 μg·kg-1, 新霉素为1 500 μg·kg-1。经折算至熊胆粉, 本研究的定量限可满足残留检测的需要, 测定的3批熊胆粉药材中卡那霉素残留量均低于该参考限度。经调研, 黑熊养殖过程中主要在胆囊手术和术后恢复期使用抗生素等兽药, 正规养殖基地须在停药数天后方可采集胆汁, 进而避免有兽药残留的熊胆粉被用于中成药投料而产生用药的安全性问题。停药后胆汁采集时间与氨基糖苷类抗生素残留量的关系可采用本方法进一步研究, 为提高熊胆粉用药安全性提供技术支撑。
综上, 本研究建立了混合型固相萃取-亲水作用色谱串联质谱法测定熊胆粉药材中7种氨基糖苷类抗生素, 方法专属, 解决了复杂中药材基质中氨基糖苷类测定的难题, 灵敏准确, 能够满足残留检测的需求。
作者贡献: 胡青负责数据采集、分析与撰写文章; 孙健负责实验设计、数据分析和阐释; 于泓负责数据采集、分析; 张静娴负责数据采集、分析与审阅文章; 毛秀红负责审阅文章与行政支持; 季申负责技术与材料支持和获取研究经费
利益冲突: 本文无任何利益冲突。
  • 国家中药标准化项目(ZYBZH-C-SH-48)
  • 上海市自然科学基金资助项目(19ZR1448300)
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2022年第57卷第12期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0620
  • 接收时间:2022-06-22
  • 首发时间:2025-12-24
  • 出版时间:2022-12-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-22
  • 修回日期:2022-09-22
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国家中药标准化项目(ZYBZH-C-SH-48)
上海市自然科学基金资助项目(19ZR1448300)
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    1.中国医药工业研究总院, 上海 201203
    2.上海市食品药品检验研究院, 国家药品监督管理局中药质量控制重点实验室, 上海 201203

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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