Article(id=1210516749817090692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516741998907791, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0537, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1651680000000, receivedDateStr=2022-05-05, revisedDate=1653840000000, revisedDateStr=2022-05-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766539283470, onlineDateStr=2025-12-24, pubDate=1665504000000, pubDateStr=2022-10-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766539283470, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766539283470, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539283470, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210516741998907791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2022', volume='57', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='3258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766539281606, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539576214, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210517977762500872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516741998907791, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210517977762500873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516741998907791, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3240, endPage=3253, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210516750815335127, articleId=1210516749817090692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Characteristics and adaptive evolution analysis of the chloroplast genome of
Gentiana rhodantha, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Gentiana rhodantha is a characteristic medicinal material of Miao Ethnomedicine. It has significant curative effect in the treatment of acute jaundice hepatitis, dysentery, pediatric pneumonia and bronchitis, etc. However, the evolutionary relationship and taxonomic identification of G. rhodantha are controversial. In this study, we sequenced the chloroplast genome of G. rhodantha using the second and third generation sequencing technology. Then, the structural characteristics and suitability evolution characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that the G. rhodantha chloroplast genome was 148 844 bp in length with 37.75% GC content, consisting of a large single copy region (LSC) of 80 076 bp, a small single copy region (SSC) of 17 596 bp and an inverted repeat region (IR) of 25 586 bp. A total of 124 genes were annotated, including 80 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes; the chloroplast genome of G. rhodantha has a weak codon preference, and the influencing factors are mainly natural selection. The optimal codons are CUU, UCU, UCA, CCA, and ACU. A total of 169 SSRs were found in MISA, of which the single nucleotide repeats were the most (114, 67.50%), followed by dinucleotide repeats (43, 25.44%). The phylogenetic analysis support that G. rhodantha belong to Sect. Stenogyne which can be clearly distinguished from other groups. Compared with other species, the Ka/Ks value of chloroplast genes of G. rhodantha is basically less than 1 except for psaI, rpl22 and rps11, indicating that they have been subjected to strong purification selection in the long-term evolutionary process. The photosynthesis gene psaI and the expression-related genes rpl22 and rps11 showed differences between groups, which supported the view that Sect. Stenogyne was an independent genus. This study will provide a reference for future researches on chloroplast genetic engineering and molecular breeding of G. rhodantha.
, correspAuthors=Xia LIU, Li XIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2022 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Gang DENG, Tian-ze WU, Ran-ran GAO, Meng-yue WANG, Xia LIU, Li XIANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1210516754745397290, articleId=1210516749817090692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=红花龙胆叶绿体基因组特征及适应性进化分析, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
红花龙胆(Gentiana rhodantha) 为特色苗族药材, 在治疗湿热黄疸、小便不利、肺热咳嗽等方面具有显著疗效, 但在物种进化关系及分类鉴定方面存在争议。本研究对红花龙胆叶绿体基因组进行了二代、三代测序, 并分析其结构特点及适应性进化分析。结果表明, 红花龙胆叶绿体基因组全长148 844 bp, 大单拷贝区(LSC) 80 076 bp、小单拷贝区(SSC) 17 596 bp和反向重复区(IR) 25 586 bp, GC含量37.75%。共注释到124个基因, 包括80个蛋白编码基因(CDS)、36个tRNA基因和8个rRNA基因; 红花龙胆叶绿体基因组密码子偏好性较弱, 影响因素主要是自然选择, 最优密码子为CUU、UCU、UCA、CCA、ACU; MISA共发现169个SSR, 其中单核苷酸重复最多(114个, 67.50%), 其次是二核苷酸重复(43个, 25.44%); 与同组及同属其他物种相比, 红花龙胆叶绿体基因的Ka/Ks值基本小于1, 表明在长期的进化过程中受到了较强的纯化选择, 存在进化事件的光合作用基因psaI和表达相关基因rpl22、rps11出现组间差异, 且系统发育分析结果支持红花龙胆与龙胆属狭蕊组聚为一支, 并与其他组能够明显区别开, 支持了狭蕊组独立成属的观点。本研究将为今后开展红花龙胆叶绿体基因工程、分子育种等研究提供参考依据。
, correspAuthors=刘霞, 向丽, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2022, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=asZPuV2WuuWEmTxvjsh4ug==, magXml=APwd6D5w0LDt7LwxZktiNQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=tETtyUCPJGanO8LZD9fpYA==, pdfFileSize=6348715, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=MwKJ2Q+R2zRk74s6soxCbw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=UebxSIBGNPlTpzhhlJvhwg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=邓港, 吴田泽, 高冉冉, 王梦月, 刘霞, 向丽)}, authors=[Author(id=1210516755429068924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1210516755554898059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, authorId=1210516755429068924, language=EN, stringName=Gang DENG, firstName=Gang, middleName=null, lastName=DENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, address=1. Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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1, 2, address=1.中国中医科学院中药研究所, 中药鉴定与安全性评估北京市重点实验室, 北京 100700
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1, 2, address=1. Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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1, address=1. Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1210516756611862766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, authorId=1210516756372787412, language=CN, stringName=高冉冉, firstName=冉冉, middleName=null, lastName=高, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, address=1.中国中医科学院中药研究所, 中药鉴定与安全性评估北京市重点实验室, 北京 100700, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1210516755085135950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210516755093524559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, companyId=1210516755085135950, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210516755169022039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, companyId=1210516755085135950, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国中医科学院中药研究所, 中药鉴定与安全性评估北京市重点实验室, 北京 100700)])]), Author(id=1210516756712526073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1210516756813189383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, authorId=1210516756712526073, language=EN, stringName=Meng-yue WANG, firstName=Meng-yue, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, address=1. Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1210516756892881167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, authorId=1210516756712526073, language=CN, stringName=王梦月, firstName=梦月, middleName=null, lastName=王, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, address=1.中国中医科学院中药研究所, 中药鉴定与安全性评估北京市重点实验室, 北京 100700, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1210516755085135950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210516755093524559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, companyId=1210516755085135950, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210516755169022039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, companyId=1210516755085135950, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国中医科学院中药研究所, 中药鉴定与安全性评估北京市重点实验室, 北京 100700)])]), Author(id=1210516756989350171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=lrx1125@126.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1210516757102596390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, authorId=1210516756989350171, language=EN, stringName=Xia LIU, firstName=Xia, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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Chloroplast genome map of G. rhodantha exported with CPGAVAS2. Genes inside and outside the circle are transcribed in clockwise and counter clockwise direction, respectively. Genes are color-coded based on their functions. The inner circle represents the linear relationship of the genes , figureFileSmall=46NGDr1M1GPzLvEgSpuKbw==, figureFileBig=MwKJ2Q+R2zRk74s6soxCbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516760697115094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Ien2gIxe5bVh/Rz+Dsh8fQ==, figureFileBig=FlQFhhZso/Nu7sxlSeyl0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516760797778398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption=
Phylogenetic analysis of G. rhodantha and its closely related species. The tree was constructed with 12 chloroplast genomes using the Neighbor-joining method (NJ) by MEGA7 (p-distance; bootstrap method; 1 000 replications), and using Maximum Likelihood method (ML) by IQtree (GTR+G model; 1 000 bootstrap replicates) with C. roseus and G. barbata serving as the outgroups. Numbers above nodes are support values with NJ on the left and ML bootstrap values on the right. The results of the two methods are consistent , figureFileSmall=Ien2gIxe5bVh/Rz+Dsh8fQ==, figureFileBig=FlQFhhZso/Nu7sxlSeyl0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516760881664483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=q8fhU94Y8dbsv6Rm9108tA==, figureFileBig=mfU2sAkD6PGUuQjessF+Tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516760973939178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption=
CDS gene relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU). Different codons for the same amino acid are represented by different colors , figureFileSmall=q8fhU94Y8dbsv6Rm9108tA==, figureFileBig=mfU2sAkD6PGUuQjessF+Tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516761070408172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=+TLLMg9uiZ+F2SO/dmK70A==, figureFileBig=HwHrOu+DnkN97ZrjCU93QQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516761187848692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption=
Codon analysis. A: Neutral drawing analysis, the correlation coefficient of GC12 and GC3 is 0.085 8, the correlation is not significant; B: Association analysis of ENC and GC3, most of the genes are below the standard curve and are far from the curve, indicating that the codon preference is greatly affected by natural selection; C: PR2-plot drawing analysis, the distribution of each gene in the four quadrants is uneven, and most of the genes are distributed in the lower and right sides of the plan, indicating that there is inconsistency in the use frequency of the four bases , figureFileSmall=+TLLMg9uiZ+F2SO/dmK70A==, figureFileBig=HwHrOu+DnkN97ZrjCU93QQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516761280123381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=oRF3lHhUrDbjRjpn24FuLA==, figureFileBig=kKiCC55nPpAfCjUUdHROMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516761376592382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption=
Select pressure analysis of 54 CDS. A: Ka/Ks heatmap of five groups of comparison calculated with DNAsp, Ka/Ks of psaI, rpl22 and rps11 are greater than 1 and are subject to positive selection. B: CDS structure and length of chloroplast genome , figureFileSmall=oRF3lHhUrDbjRjpn24FuLA==, figureFileBig=kKiCC55nPpAfCjUUdHROMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516761485644289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=mS4eHSVqMKz2MgHPG4jbYQ==, figureFileBig=Byir6YfXcw7wv1KwJd7Isw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516761607279113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption=
The Ka/Ks ratio analysis. Genes with Ka/Ks greater than 1 were subject to positive selection. A: CDS associated with photosynthesis, the Ka/Ks ratio of psaI in group GR vs CR was greater than 1; B: CDS associated with expression, the Ka/Ks ratio of rpl22 and rps11 in group GR vs GS were greater than 1; C: Other CDS , figureFileSmall=mS4eHSVqMKz2MgHPG4jbYQ==, figureFileBig=Byir6YfXcw7wv1KwJd7Isw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516761724719633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=4merbLMjZoBChjzb8pDjOw==, figureFileBig=5ZQM4bt5OKchUS0iK/0NWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516761833771547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, language=CN, label=Figure 7, caption=
Phylogenetic tree of psaI (A), rps11 (B), rpl22 (C) based on the NJ method (bootstrap was 1 000 replicates). The three species of Sect. Stenogyne are grouped together and can be distinguished from other groups, and basically consistent with the results of the whole genome tree , figureFileSmall=4merbLMjZoBChjzb8pDjOw==, figureFileBig=5ZQM4bt5OKchUS0iK/0NWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516761993155109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=FgPRdp6kOGfayu3WWpLnGQ==, figureFileBig=2giBqibbe6car/MPHUbd7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516762093818411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, language=CN, label=Figure 8, caption=
Visualization of base differences in 3 genes using Geneious (A: psaI; B: rps11; C: rpl22). SNP sites unique to Sect. Stenogyne are framed in red. Sect. Stenogyne always exhibits more unique variation than other species. The size of the bases above indicates the frequency in the genes of 12 species , figureFileSmall=FgPRdp6kOGfayu3WWpLnGQ==, figureFileBig=2giBqibbe6car/MPHUbd7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516762194481711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Genome feature | Feature value |
| Genome size/bp | 148 844 |
| The length of IR/bp | 25 586 |
| The length of LSC/bp | 80 076 |
| The length of SSC/bp | 17 596 |
| GC content of genome/% | 37.75 |
| GC content of IR/% | 43.47 |
| GC content of LSC/% | 35.53 |
| GC content of SSC/% | 31.23 |
| Number of total genes | 124 |
| Number of protein-coding genes | 80 |
| Number of rRNA genes | 8 |
| Number of tRNA genes | 36 |
), ArticleFig(id=1210516762366448186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=
Basic features of the chloroplast genome of G. rhodantha
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Genome feature | Feature value |
| Genome size/bp | 148 844 |
| The length of IR/bp | 25 586 |
| The length of LSC/bp | 80 076 |
| The length of SSC/bp | 17 596 |
| GC content of genome/% | 37.75 |
| GC content of IR/% | 43.47 |
| GC content of LSC/% | 35.53 |
| GC content of SSC/% | 31.23 |
| Number of total genes | 124 |
| Number of protein-coding genes | 80 |
| Number of rRNA genes | 8 |
| Number of tRNA genes | 36 |
), ArticleFig(id=1210516763586990655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Gene group | Gene name | Number |
| ATP synthase | atpE, atpI, atpA, atpB, atpF, atpH | 6 |
| Photosystem II | psbD, psbJ, psbN, psbI, psbL, psbF, psbZ, psbT, psbE, psbM, psbK, psbB, psbC, psbH, psbA | 15 |
| Rubisco large subunit | rbcL | 1 |
| RNA polymerase | rpoB, rpoA, rpoC2, rpoC1 | 4 |
| Ribosomal proteins (LSU) | rpl32, rpl23, rpl20, rpl16, rpl22, rpl33, rpl2, rpl14 | 8 |
| Other genes | cemA, ccsA, accD | 3 |
| Cytochrome b/f complex | petG, petD, petB, petA, petL, petN | 6 |
| Transfer RNAs | trnG-GCC, trnR-UCU, trnW-CCA, trnA-UGC, trnS-CGA, trnS-GCU, trnE-UUC, trnC-GCA, trnV-GAC, trnT-UGU, trnP-UGG, trnD-GUC, trnK-UUU, trnM-CAU, trnT-GGU, trnN-GUU, trnY-GUA, trnS-GGA, trnL-UAG, trnL-UAA, trnF-GAA, trnH-GUG, trnR-ACG, trnL-CAA, trnS-UGA, trnQ-UUG | 26 |
| Ribosomal RNAs | rrn23S, rrn5S, rrn4.5S, rrn16S | 4 |
| Protease | clpP | 1 |
| Hypothetical chloroplast reading frames | ycf4, ycf1, ycf3, ycf15 | 4 |
| Ribosomal proteins (SSU) | rps14, rps12, rps8, rps2, rps11, rps18, rps19, rps3, rps7 | 9 |
| NADH dehydrogenase | ndhG, ndhF, ndhJ, ndhI, ndhK, ndhH, ndhA, ndhE, ndhD, ndhC, ndhB | 11 |
| Photosystem I | psaA, psaC, psaB, psaI, psaJ | 5 |
| Maturase | matK | 1 |
), ArticleFig(id=1210516763691848265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=
Genome classification and quantity of the chloroplast genome of G. rhodantha
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Gene group | Gene name | Number |
| ATP synthase | atpE, atpI, atpA, atpB, atpF, atpH | 6 |
| Photosystem II | psbD, psbJ, psbN, psbI, psbL, psbF, psbZ, psbT, psbE, psbM, psbK, psbB, psbC, psbH, psbA | 15 |
| Rubisco large subunit | rbcL | 1 |
| RNA polymerase | rpoB, rpoA, rpoC2, rpoC1 | 4 |
| Ribosomal proteins (LSU) | rpl32, rpl23, rpl20, rpl16, rpl22, rpl33, rpl2, rpl14 | 8 |
| Other genes | cemA, ccsA, accD | 3 |
| Cytochrome b/f complex | petG, petD, petB, petA, petL, petN | 6 |
| Transfer RNAs | trnG-GCC, trnR-UCU, trnW-CCA, trnA-UGC, trnS-CGA, trnS-GCU, trnE-UUC, trnC-GCA, trnV-GAC, trnT-UGU, trnP-UGG, trnD-GUC, trnK-UUU, trnM-CAU, trnT-GGU, trnN-GUU, trnY-GUA, trnS-GGA, trnL-UAG, trnL-UAA, trnF-GAA, trnH-GUG, trnR-ACG, trnL-CAA, trnS-UGA, trnQ-UUG | 26 |
| Ribosomal RNAs | rrn23S, rrn5S, rrn4.5S, rrn16S | 4 |
| Protease | clpP | 1 |
| Hypothetical chloroplast reading frames | ycf4, ycf1, ycf3, ycf15 | 4 |
| Ribosomal proteins (SSU) | rps14, rps12, rps8, rps2, rps11, rps18, rps19, rps3, rps7 | 9 |
| NADH dehydrogenase | ndhG, ndhF, ndhJ, ndhI, ndhK, ndhH, ndhA, ndhE, ndhD, ndhC, ndhB | 11 |
| Photosystem I | psaA, psaC, psaB, psaI, psaJ | 5 |
| Maturase | matK | 1 |
), ArticleFig(id=1210516763817677395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Gene | GC1 | GC2 | GC3 | GC | ENC | Laa | CAI | CBI | Fop | | Gene | GC1 | GC2 | GC3 | GC | ENC | Laa | CAI | CBI | Fop |
| accD | 0.430 2 | 0.371 5 | 0.310 1 | 0.372 | 46.2 | 357 | 0.179 | -0.18 | 0.327 | | psbA | 0.491 5 | 0.432 2 | 0.299 4 | 0.409 | 42 | 353 | 0.283 | 0.14 | 0.498 |
| atpA | 0.555 1 | 0.387 6 | 0.279 5 | 0.412 | 48.11 | 507 | 0.193 | -0.053 | 0.383 | psbB | 0.540 3 | 0.461 7 | 0.294 7 | 0.432 | 46.47 | 508 | 0.192 | -0.065 | 0.377 |
| atpB | 0.568 9 | 0.417 2 | 0.287 4 | 0.425 | 48.24 | 500 | 0.191 | -0.024 | 0.395 | psbC | 0.540 1 | 0.459 9 | 0.331 2 | 0.444 | 46.85 | 473 | 0.182 | -0.028 | 0.393 |
| atpE | 0.541 4 | 0.398 5 | 0.263 2 | 0.404 | 49.82 | 132 | 0.151 | -0.118 | 0.336 | psbD | 0.519 8 | 0.437 9 | 0.316 4 | 0.426 | 44.11 | 353 | 0.254 | 0.056 | 0.45 |
| atpF | 0.459 | 0.316 9 | 0.311 5 | 0.364 | 49.03 | 182 | 0.151 | -0.125 | 0.337 | rbcL | 0.578 3 | 0.432 2 | 0.302 7 | 0.439 | 47.61 | 478 | 0.259 | 0.047 | 0.448 |
| atpI | 0.490 4 | 0.384 6 | 0.245 2 | 0.374 | 41.14 | 207 | 0.181 | -0.033 | 0.377 | rpl14 | 0.552 8 | 0.374 | 0.252 | 0.396 | 45.91 | 122 | 0.186 | -0.004 | 0.398 |
| ccsA | 0.352 8 | 0.349 7 | 0.263 8 | 0.322 | 48.58 | 325 | 0.138 | -0.216 | 0.282 | rpl16 | 0.523 1 | 0.523 1 | 0.207 7 | 0.418 | 36.89 | 130 | 0.116 | -0.143 | 0.333 |
| cemA | 0.407 9 | 0.285 1 | 0.302 6 | 0.332 | 52.85 | 227 | 0.203 | -0.031 | 0.389 | rpl2 | 0.509 1 | 0.476 4 | 0.349 1 | 0.445 | 55.13 | 274 | 0.138 | -0.105 | 0.354 |
| clpP | 0.558 4 | 0.390 9 | 0.304 6 | 0.418 | 53.12 | 196 | 0.167 | -0.113 | 0.342 | rpl20 | 0.379 8 | 0.426 4 | 0.240 3 | 0.352 | 47.31 | 128 | 0.124 | -0.179 | 0.312 |
| matK | 0.365 | 0.322 5 | 0.307 5 | 0.332 | 47.32 | 399 | 0.161 | -0.163 | 0.317 | rpl22 | 0.352 1 | 0.380 3 | 0.239 4 | 0.326 | 48.42 | 141 | 0.197 | -0.082 | 0.386 |
| ndhA | 0.436 | 0.378 7 | 0.245 2 | 0.354 | 44.4 | 366 | 0.135 | -0.096 | 0.331 | rpoA | 0.445 1 | 0.320 5 | 0.237 4 | 0.335 | 48.09 | 336 | 0.148 | -0.149 | 0.327 |
| ndhB | 0.417 6 | 0.382 4 | 0.343 1 | 0.381 | 49.94 | 509 | 0.165 | -0.069 | 0.363 | rpoB | 0.507 9 | 0.381 9 | 0.291 3 | 0.394 | 50.32 | 1 070 | 0.151 | -0.126 | 0.337 |
| ndhC | 0.454 5 | 0.330 6 | 0.256 2 | 0.347 | 52.18 | 120 | 0.185 | -0.091 | 0.333 | rpoC1 | 0.495 6 | 0.378 3 | 0.266 9 | 0.381 | 48.97 | 681 | 0.149 | -0.139 | 0.325 |
| ndhD | 0.400 8 | 0.371 | 0.291 7 | 0.355 | 50.04 | 503 | 0.138 | -0.16 | 0.306 | rpoC2 | 0.428 7 | 0.357 5 | 0.307 | 0.365 | 50.16 | 911 | 0.156 | -0.136 | 0.336 |
| ndhE | 0.435 6 | 0.346 5 | 0.207 9 | 0.33 | 42.47 | 100 | 0.147 | -0.222 | 0.268 | rps1 | 0.525 2 | 0.568 3 | 0.237 4 | 0.444 | 47.73 | 138 | 0.114 | -0.222 | 0.286 |
| ndhF | 0.379 6 | 0.382 2 | 0.251 | 0.338 | 43.99 | 784 | 0.148 | -0.148 | 0.318 | rps12 | 0.503 8 | 0.473 7 | 0.255 6 | 0.414 | 44.37 | 132 | 0.122 | -0.143 | 0.313 |
| ndhG | 0.418 1 | 0.339 | 0.226 | 0.33 | 42.63 | 176 | 0.148 | -0.189 | 0.266 | rps14 | 0.415 8 | 0.485 1 | 0.346 5 | 0.42 | 46.08 | 100 | 0.13 | -0.093 | 0.354 |
| ndhH | 0.505 1 | 0.370 6 | 0.274 1 | 0.384 | 47.57 | 393 | 0.158 | -0.093 | 0.346 | rps18 | 0.349 1 | 0.415 1 | 0.245 3 | 0.337 | 38.81 | 105 | 0.118 | -0.094 | 0.343 |
| ndhI | 0.434 5 | 0.375 | 0.244 | 0.353 | 41.57 | 167 | 0.185 | -0.117 | 0.342 | rps2 | 0.447 3 | 0.434 6 | 0.27 | 0.384 | 51.02 | 236 | 0.173 | -0.121 | 0.348 |
| ndhJ | 0.509 4 | 0.389 9 | 0.377 4 | 0.426 | 53.42 | 158 | 0.17 | -0.165 | 0.315 | rps3 | 0.440 4 | 0.330 3 | 0.243 1 | 0.339 | 49.61 | 217 | 0.159 | -0.114 | 0.352 |
| ndhK | 0.421 1 | 0.443 | 0.25 | 0.373 | 48.56 | 227 | 0.154 | -0.176 | 0.312 | rps7 | 0.532 1 | 0.448 7 | 0.243 6 | 0.411 | 44.14 | 155 | 0.189 | -0.053 | 0.387 |
| petA | 0.512 5 | 0.35 | 0.328 1 | 0.397 | 56.16 | 319 | 0.179 | -0.045 | 0.381 | rps8 | 0.414 8 | 0.4 | 0.288 9 | 0.371 | 43.07 | 134 | 0.131 | 0.044 | 0.43 |
| petB | 0.481 3 | 0.415 9 | 0.261 7 | 0.387 | 41.33 | 213 | 0.191 | -0.088 | 0.347 | ycf1 | 0.338 1 | 0.297 4 | 0.240 5 | 0.292 | 45.58 | 1 475 | 0.168 | -0.099 | 0.365 |
| petD | 0.208 9 | 0.512 7 | 0.392 4 | 0.39 | 39.73 | 146 | 0.195 | -0.035 | 0.417 | ycf3 | 0.497 | 0.384 6 | 0.289 9 | 0.393 | 51.31 | 168 | 0.149 | -0.188 | 0.329 |
| psaA | 0.523 3 | 0.434 1 | 0.318 2 | 0.426 | 49.51 | 750 | 0.197 | -0.094 | 0.361 | ycf4 | 0.405 4 | 0.4 | 0.302 7 | 0.37 | 52.06 | 184 | 0.154 | -0.104 | 0.349 |
| psaB | 0.484 4 | 0.429 9 | 0.321 1 | 0.412 | 48.23 | 734 | 0.179 | -0.11 | 0.353 | Average | 0.460 5 | 0.399 1 | 0.281 6 | 0.382 | 47.22 | 347 | 0.167 | -0.099 | 0.352 |
), ArticleFig(id=1210516763922535002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, language=CN, label=Table 3, caption=
Main parameters in chloroplast genomics of G. rhodantha
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Gene | GC1 | GC2 | GC3 | GC | ENC | Laa | CAI | CBI | Fop | | Gene | GC1 | GC2 | GC3 | GC | ENC | Laa | CAI | CBI | Fop |
| accD | 0.430 2 | 0.371 5 | 0.310 1 | 0.372 | 46.2 | 357 | 0.179 | -0.18 | 0.327 | | psbA | 0.491 5 | 0.432 2 | 0.299 4 | 0.409 | 42 | 353 | 0.283 | 0.14 | 0.498 |
| atpA | 0.555 1 | 0.387 6 | 0.279 5 | 0.412 | 48.11 | 507 | 0.193 | -0.053 | 0.383 | psbB | 0.540 3 | 0.461 7 | 0.294 7 | 0.432 | 46.47 | 508 | 0.192 | -0.065 | 0.377 |
| atpB | 0.568 9 | 0.417 2 | 0.287 4 | 0.425 | 48.24 | 500 | 0.191 | -0.024 | 0.395 | psbC | 0.540 1 | 0.459 9 | 0.331 2 | 0.444 | 46.85 | 473 | 0.182 | -0.028 | 0.393 |
| atpE | 0.541 4 | 0.398 5 | 0.263 2 | 0.404 | 49.82 | 132 | 0.151 | -0.118 | 0.336 | psbD | 0.519 8 | 0.437 9 | 0.316 4 | 0.426 | 44.11 | 353 | 0.254 | 0.056 | 0.45 |
| atpF | 0.459 | 0.316 9 | 0.311 5 | 0.364 | 49.03 | 182 | 0.151 | -0.125 | 0.337 | rbcL | 0.578 3 | 0.432 2 | 0.302 7 | 0.439 | 47.61 | 478 | 0.259 | 0.047 | 0.448 |
| atpI | 0.490 4 | 0.384 6 | 0.245 2 | 0.374 | 41.14 | 207 | 0.181 | -0.033 | 0.377 | rpl14 | 0.552 8 | 0.374 | 0.252 | 0.396 | 45.91 | 122 | 0.186 | -0.004 | 0.398 |
| ccsA | 0.352 8 | 0.349 7 | 0.263 8 | 0.322 | 48.58 | 325 | 0.138 | -0.216 | 0.282 | rpl16 | 0.523 1 | 0.523 1 | 0.207 7 | 0.418 | 36.89 | 130 | 0.116 | -0.143 | 0.333 |
| cemA | 0.407 9 | 0.285 1 | 0.302 6 | 0.332 | 52.85 | 227 | 0.203 | -0.031 | 0.389 | rpl2 | 0.509 1 | 0.476 4 | 0.349 1 | 0.445 | 55.13 | 274 | 0.138 | -0.105 | 0.354 |
| clpP | 0.558 4 | 0.390 9 | 0.304 6 | 0.418 | 53.12 | 196 | 0.167 | -0.113 | 0.342 | rpl20 | 0.379 8 | 0.426 4 | 0.240 3 | 0.352 | 47.31 | 128 | 0.124 | -0.179 | 0.312 |
| matK | 0.365 | 0.322 5 | 0.307 5 | 0.332 | 47.32 | 399 | 0.161 | -0.163 | 0.317 | rpl22 | 0.352 1 | 0.380 3 | 0.239 4 | 0.326 | 48.42 | 141 | 0.197 | -0.082 | 0.386 |
| ndhA | 0.436 | 0.378 7 | 0.245 2 | 0.354 | 44.4 | 366 | 0.135 | -0.096 | 0.331 | rpoA | 0.445 1 | 0.320 5 | 0.237 4 | 0.335 | 48.09 | 336 | 0.148 | -0.149 | 0.327 |
| ndhB | 0.417 6 | 0.382 4 | 0.343 1 | 0.381 | 49.94 | 509 | 0.165 | -0.069 | 0.363 | rpoB | 0.507 9 | 0.381 9 | 0.291 3 | 0.394 | 50.32 | 1 070 | 0.151 | -0.126 | 0.337 |
| ndhC | 0.454 5 | 0.330 6 | 0.256 2 | 0.347 | 52.18 | 120 | 0.185 | -0.091 | 0.333 | rpoC1 | 0.495 6 | 0.378 3 | 0.266 9 | 0.381 | 48.97 | 681 | 0.149 | -0.139 | 0.325 |
| ndhD | 0.400 8 | 0.371 | 0.291 7 | 0.355 | 50.04 | 503 | 0.138 | -0.16 | 0.306 | rpoC2 | 0.428 7 | 0.357 5 | 0.307 | 0.365 | 50.16 | 911 | 0.156 | -0.136 | 0.336 |
| ndhE | 0.435 6 | 0.346 5 | 0.207 9 | 0.33 | 42.47 | 100 | 0.147 | -0.222 | 0.268 | rps1 | 0.525 2 | 0.568 3 | 0.237 4 | 0.444 | 47.73 | 138 | 0.114 | -0.222 | 0.286 |
| ndhF | 0.379 6 | 0.382 2 | 0.251 | 0.338 | 43.99 | 784 | 0.148 | -0.148 | 0.318 | rps12 | 0.503 8 | 0.473 7 | 0.255 6 | 0.414 | 44.37 | 132 | 0.122 | -0.143 | 0.313 |
| ndhG | 0.418 1 | 0.339 | 0.226 | 0.33 | 42.63 | 176 | 0.148 | -0.189 | 0.266 | rps14 | 0.415 8 | 0.485 1 | 0.346 5 | 0.42 | 46.08 | 100 | 0.13 | -0.093 | 0.354 |
| ndhH | 0.505 1 | 0.370 6 | 0.274 1 | 0.384 | 47.57 | 393 | 0.158 | -0.093 | 0.346 | rps18 | 0.349 1 | 0.415 1 | 0.245 3 | 0.337 | 38.81 | 105 | 0.118 | -0.094 | 0.343 |
| ndhI | 0.434 5 | 0.375 | 0.244 | 0.353 | 41.57 | 167 | 0.185 | -0.117 | 0.342 | rps2 | 0.447 3 | 0.434 6 | 0.27 | 0.384 | 51.02 | 236 | 0.173 | -0.121 | 0.348 |
| ndhJ | 0.509 4 | 0.389 9 | 0.377 4 | 0.426 | 53.42 | 158 | 0.17 | -0.165 | 0.315 | rps3 | 0.440 4 | 0.330 3 | 0.243 1 | 0.339 | 49.61 | 217 | 0.159 | -0.114 | 0.352 |
| ndhK | 0.421 1 | 0.443 | 0.25 | 0.373 | 48.56 | 227 | 0.154 | -0.176 | 0.312 | rps7 | 0.532 1 | 0.448 7 | 0.243 6 | 0.411 | 44.14 | 155 | 0.189 | -0.053 | 0.387 |
| petA | 0.512 5 | 0.35 | 0.328 1 | 0.397 | 56.16 | 319 | 0.179 | -0.045 | 0.381 | rps8 | 0.414 8 | 0.4 | 0.288 9 | 0.371 | 43.07 | 134 | 0.131 | 0.044 | 0.43 |
| petB | 0.481 3 | 0.415 9 | 0.261 7 | 0.387 | 41.33 | 213 | 0.191 | -0.088 | 0.347 | ycf1 | 0.338 1 | 0.297 4 | 0.240 5 | 0.292 | 45.58 | 1 475 | 0.168 | -0.099 | 0.365 |
| petD | 0.208 9 | 0.512 7 | 0.392 4 | 0.39 | 39.73 | 146 | 0.195 | -0.035 | 0.417 | ycf3 | 0.497 | 0.384 6 | 0.289 9 | 0.393 | 51.31 | 168 | 0.149 | -0.188 | 0.329 |
| psaA | 0.523 3 | 0.434 1 | 0.318 2 | 0.426 | 49.51 | 750 | 0.197 | -0.094 | 0.361 | ycf4 | 0.405 4 | 0.4 | 0.302 7 | 0.37 | 52.06 | 184 | 0.154 | -0.104 | 0.349 |
| psaB | 0.484 4 | 0.429 9 | 0.321 1 | 0.412 | 48.23 | 734 | 0.179 | -0.11 | 0.353 | Average | 0.460 5 | 0.399 1 | 0.281 6 | 0.382 | 47.22 | 347 | 0.167 | -0.099 | 0.352 |
), ArticleFig(id=1210516764048364128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Amino acid | Codon | RSCU | High expression | | Low expression | ΔRSCU | | Amino acid | Codon | RSCU | High expression | | Low expression | ΔRSCU |
| Number | RSCU | Number | RSCU | Number | RSCU | Number | RSCU |
| Phe | UUU | 1.38 | 39 | 1.47 | | 37 | 1.42 | 0.05 | | His | CAU | 1.51 | 18 | 1.57 | | 10 | 1.54 | 0.03 |
| UUC | 0.62 | 14 | 0.53 | 15 | 0.58 | -0.05 | CAC | 0.49 | 5 | 0.43 | 3 | 0.46 | -0.03 |
| Leu | UUA | 2.16 | 23 | 1.45 | 38 | 2.4 | -0.95 | Gln | CAA | 1.57 | 31 | 1.44 | 25 | 1.67 | -0.23 |
| UUG | 1.1 | 18 | 1.14 | 19 | 1.2 | -0.06 | CAG | 0.43 | 12 | 0.56 | 5 | 0.33 | 0.23 |
| CUU | 1.23 | 28 | 1.77 | 25 | 1.58 | 0.19 | Asn | AAU | 1.52 | 30 | 1.4 | 22 | 1.63 | -0.23 |
| CUC | 0.33 | 2 | 0.13 | 4 | 0.25 | -0.12 | AAC | 0.48 | 13 | 0.6 | 5 | 0.37 | 0.23 |
| CUA | 0.8 | 12 | 0.76 | 9 | 0.57 | 0.19 | Lys | AAA | 1.56 | 37 | 1.42 | 37 | 1.85 | -0.43 |
| CUG | 0.38 | 12 | 0.76 | 0 | 0 | 0.76 | AAG | 0.44 | 15 | 0.58 | 3 | 0.15 | 0.43 |
| Ile | AUU | 1.52 | 45 | 1.23 | 39 | 1.72 | -0.49 | Asp | GAU | 1.61 | 35 | 1.63 | 15 | 1.67 | -0.04 |
| AUC | 0.56 | 25 | 0.68 | 5 | 0.22 | 0.46 | GAC | 0.39 | 8 | 0.37 | 3 | 0.33 | 0.04 |
| AUA | 0.92 | 40 | 1.09 | 24 | 1.06 | 0.03 | Glu | GAA | 1.53 | 46 | 1.44 | 27 | 1.64 | -0.2 |
| Met | AUG | 1 | 20 | 1 | 27 | 1 | 0 |
| GAG | 0.47 | 18 | 0.56 | 6 | 0.36 | 0.2 |
| Val | GUU | 1.51 | 26 | 1.49 | 29 | 1.59 | -0.1 | Cys | UGU | 1.52 | 6 | 1.2 | 4 | 2 | -0.8 |
| GUC | 0.4 | 10 | 0.57 | 7 | 0.38 | 0.19 | UGC | 0.48 | 4 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 | 0.8 |
| GUA | 1.59 | 26 | 1.49 | 29 | 1.59 | -0.1 | Trp | UGG | 1 | 19 | 1 | 16 | 1 | 0 |
| GUG | 0.49 | 8 | 0.46 | 8 | 0.44 | 0.02 | Arg | CGU | 1.4 | 18 | 1.8 | 18 | 2.08 | -0.28 |
| Ser | UCU | 1.68 | 21 | 1.66 | 11 | 1.29 | 0.37 | CGC | 0.39 | 4 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.12 | 0.28 |
| UCC | 0.87 | 11 | 0.87 | 6 | 0.71 | 0.16 | CGA | 1.38 | 13 | 1.3 | 14 | 1.62 | -0.32 |
| UCA | 1.16 | 15 | 1.18 | 7 | 0.82 | 0.36 | CGG | 0.49 | 2 | 0.2 | 3 | 0.35 | -0.15 |
| UCG | 0.58 | 7 | 0.55 | 11 | 1.29 | -0.74 | AGA | 1.8 | 16 | 1.6 | 14 | 1.62 | -0.02 |
| AGU | 1.31 | 11 | 0.87 | 15 | 1.76 | -0.89 | AGG | 0.54 | 7 | 0.7 | 2 | 0.23 | 0.47 |
| AGC | 0.41 | 11 | 0.87 | 1 | 0.12 | 0.75 | Gly | GGU | 1.3 | 19 | 1.1 | 30 | 1.82 | -0.72 |
| Pro | CCU | 1.56 | 13 | 1.11 | 26 | 1.89 | -0.78 | GGC | 0.43 | 9 | 0.52 | 7 | 0.42 | 0.1 |
| CCC | 0.81 | 14 | 1.19 | 10 | 0.73 | 0.46 | GGA | 1.57 | 23 | 1.33 | 22 | 1.33 | 0 |
| CCA | 1.1 | 13 | 1.11 | 14 | 1.02 | 0.09 | GGG | 0.7 | 18 | 1.04 | 7 | 0.42 | 0.62 |
| CCG | 0.54 | 7 | 0.6 | 5 | 0.36 | 0.24 | TER | UAA | 1.8 | 1 | 0.6 | 2 | 1.2 | -0.6 |
| Thr | ACU | 1.58 | 18 | 1.8 | 24 | 1.71 | 0.09 | UAG | 0.6 | 1 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.6 | 0 |
| ACC | 0.8 | 5 | 0.5 | 10 | 0.71 | -0.21 | UGA | 0.6 | 3 | 1.8 | 2 | 1.2 | 0.6 |
| ACA | 1.21 | 12 | 1.2 | 16 | 1.14 | 0.06 | Ala | GCU | 1.81 | 16 | 1.36 | 24 | 1.71 | -0.35 |
| ACG | 0.41 | 5 | 0.5 | 6 | 0.43 | 0.07 | GCC | 0.66 | 9 | 0.77 | 4 | 0.29 | 0.48 |
| Tyr | UAU | 1.63 | 38 | 1.73 | 25 | 1.72 | 0.01 | GCA | 1.12 | 16 | 1.36 | 20 | 1.43 | -0.07 |
| UAC | 0.37 | 6 | 0.27 | 4 | 0.28 | -0.01 | GCG | 0.42 | 6 | 0.51 | 8 | 0.57 | -0.06 |
), ArticleFig(id=1210516764161610340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, language=CN, label=Table 4, caption=
Relative synonymous codon usage of each amino acid in G. rhodantha chloroplast genome
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Amino acid | Codon | RSCU | High expression | | Low expression | ΔRSCU | | Amino acid | Codon | RSCU | High expression | | Low expression | ΔRSCU |
| Number | RSCU | Number | RSCU | Number | RSCU | Number | RSCU |
| Phe | UUU | 1.38 | 39 | 1.47 | | 37 | 1.42 | 0.05 | | His | CAU | 1.51 | 18 | 1.57 | | 10 | 1.54 | 0.03 |
| UUC | 0.62 | 14 | 0.53 | 15 | 0.58 | -0.05 | CAC | 0.49 | 5 | 0.43 | 3 | 0.46 | -0.03 |
| Leu | UUA | 2.16 | 23 | 1.45 | 38 | 2.4 | -0.95 | Gln | CAA | 1.57 | 31 | 1.44 | 25 | 1.67 | -0.23 |
| UUG | 1.1 | 18 | 1.14 | 19 | 1.2 | -0.06 | CAG | 0.43 | 12 | 0.56 | 5 | 0.33 | 0.23 |
| CUU | 1.23 | 28 | 1.77 | 25 | 1.58 | 0.19 | Asn | AAU | 1.52 | 30 | 1.4 | 22 | 1.63 | -0.23 |
| CUC | 0.33 | 2 | 0.13 | 4 | 0.25 | -0.12 | AAC | 0.48 | 13 | 0.6 | 5 | 0.37 | 0.23 |
| CUA | 0.8 | 12 | 0.76 | 9 | 0.57 | 0.19 | Lys | AAA | 1.56 | 37 | 1.42 | 37 | 1.85 | -0.43 |
| CUG | 0.38 | 12 | 0.76 | 0 | 0 | 0.76 | AAG | 0.44 | 15 | 0.58 | 3 | 0.15 | 0.43 |
| Ile | AUU | 1.52 | 45 | 1.23 | 39 | 1.72 | -0.49 | Asp | GAU | 1.61 | 35 | 1.63 | 15 | 1.67 | -0.04 |
| AUC | 0.56 | 25 | 0.68 | 5 | 0.22 | 0.46 | GAC | 0.39 | 8 | 0.37 | 3 | 0.33 | 0.04 |
| AUA | 0.92 | 40 | 1.09 | 24 | 1.06 | 0.03 | Glu | GAA | 1.53 | 46 | 1.44 | 27 | 1.64 | -0.2 |
| Met | AUG | 1 | 20 | 1 | 27 | 1 | 0 |
| GAG | 0.47 | 18 | 0.56 | 6 | 0.36 | 0.2 |
| Val | GUU | 1.51 | 26 | 1.49 | 29 | 1.59 | -0.1 | Cys | UGU | 1.52 | 6 | 1.2 | 4 | 2 | -0.8 |
| GUC | 0.4 | 10 | 0.57 | 7 | 0.38 | 0.19 | UGC | 0.48 | 4 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 | 0.8 |
| GUA | 1.59 | 26 | 1.49 | 29 | 1.59 | -0.1 | Trp | UGG | 1 | 19 | 1 | 16 | 1 | 0 |
| GUG | 0.49 | 8 | 0.46 | 8 | 0.44 | 0.02 | Arg | CGU | 1.4 | 18 | 1.8 | 18 | 2.08 | -0.28 |
| Ser | UCU | 1.68 | 21 | 1.66 | 11 | 1.29 | 0.37 | CGC | 0.39 | 4 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.12 | 0.28 |
| UCC | 0.87 | 11 | 0.87 | 6 | 0.71 | 0.16 | CGA | 1.38 | 13 | 1.3 | 14 | 1.62 | -0.32 |
| UCA | 1.16 | 15 | 1.18 | 7 | 0.82 | 0.36 | CGG | 0.49 | 2 | 0.2 | 3 | 0.35 | -0.15 |
| UCG | 0.58 | 7 | 0.55 | 11 | 1.29 | -0.74 | AGA | 1.8 | 16 | 1.6 | 14 | 1.62 | -0.02 |
| AGU | 1.31 | 11 | 0.87 | 15 | 1.76 | -0.89 | AGG | 0.54 | 7 | 0.7 | 2 | 0.23 | 0.47 |
| AGC | 0.41 | 11 | 0.87 | 1 | 0.12 | 0.75 | Gly | GGU | 1.3 | 19 | 1.1 | 30 | 1.82 | -0.72 |
| Pro | CCU | 1.56 | 13 | 1.11 | 26 | 1.89 | -0.78 | GGC | 0.43 | 9 | 0.52 | 7 | 0.42 | 0.1 |
| CCC | 0.81 | 14 | 1.19 | 10 | 0.73 | 0.46 | GGA | 1.57 | 23 | 1.33 | 22 | 1.33 | 0 |
| CCA | 1.1 | 13 | 1.11 | 14 | 1.02 | 0.09 | GGG | 0.7 | 18 | 1.04 | 7 | 0.42 | 0.62 |
| CCG | 0.54 | 7 | 0.6 | 5 | 0.36 | 0.24 | TER | UAA | 1.8 | 1 | 0.6 | 2 | 1.2 | -0.6 |
| Thr | ACU | 1.58 | 18 | 1.8 | 24 | 1.71 | 0.09 | UAG | 0.6 | 1 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.6 | 0 |
| ACC | 0.8 | 5 | 0.5 | 10 | 0.71 | -0.21 | UGA | 0.6 | 3 | 1.8 | 2 | 1.2 | 0.6 |
| ACA | 1.21 | 12 | 1.2 | 16 | 1.14 | 0.06 | Ala | GCU | 1.81 | 16 | 1.36 | 24 | 1.71 | -0.35 |
| ACG | 0.41 | 5 | 0.5 | 6 | 0.43 | 0.07 | GCC | 0.66 | 9 | 0.77 | 4 | 0.29 | 0.48 |
| Tyr | UAU | 1.63 | 38 | 1.73 | 25 | 1.72 | 0.01 | GCA | 1.12 | 16 | 1.36 | 20 | 1.43 | -0.07 |
| UAC | 0.37 | 6 | 0.27 | 4 | 0.28 | -0.01 | GCG | 0.42 | 6 | 0.51 | 8 | 0.57 | -0.06 |
), ArticleFig(id=1210516764279050860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Repeat type | SSR | Number of repeats | Total |
| 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
| Mononucleotide | A/T | - | - | - | - | - | 64 | 27 | 5 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 109 |
| C/G | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | | | | | | | | 5 |
| AG/CT | - | 19 | | | | | | | | | | | | 19 |
| Dinucleotide | AT/AT | - | 19 | 2 | | 3 | | | | | | | | | 24 |
| AAC/GTT | - | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 |
| Trinucleotide | AAG/CTT | - | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 |
| AGG/CCT | - | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 |
| AAAT/ATTT | 2 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | 3 |
| Tetranucleotide | AATT/AATT | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 |
| ACAT/ATGT | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 |
| AGAT/ATCT | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 |
| Hexanucleotide | AAGTAC/ACTTGT | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 |
), ArticleFig(id=1210516764400685678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516749817090692, language=CN, label=Table 5, caption=
SSR in G. rhodantha chloroplast genome by MISA
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Repeat type | SSR | Number of repeats | Total |
| 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
| Mononucleotide | A/T | - | - | - | - | - | 64 | 27 | 5 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 109 |
| C/G | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | | | | | | | | 5 |
| AG/CT | - | 19 | | | | | | | | | | | | 19 |
| Dinucleotide | AT/AT | - | 19 | 2 | | 3 | | | | | | | | | 24 |
| AAC/GTT | - | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 |
| Trinucleotide | AAG/CTT | - | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 |
| AGG/CCT | - | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 |
| AAAT/ATTT | 2 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | 3 |
| Tetranucleotide | AATT/AATT | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 |
| ACAT/ATGT | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 |
| AGAT/ATCT | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 |
| Hexanucleotide | AAGTAC/ACTTGT | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 |
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