Article(id=1210517367893914593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210517366081975259, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0452, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1650211200000, receivedDateStr=2022-04-18, revisedDate=1652630400000, revisedDateStr=2022-05-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766539430830, onlineDateStr=2025-12-24, pubDate=1668182400000, pubDateStr=2022-11-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766539430830, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766539430830, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539430830, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210517366081975259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2022', volume='57', issue='11', pageStart='3259', pageEnd='3450', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766539430399, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539608198, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210518111875363690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210517366081975259, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210518111875363691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210517366081975259, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3339, endPage=3344, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210517369844265974, articleId=1210517367893914593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Vasorelaxant effect and mechanisms of compound reserpine and triamterene tablets on the isolated thoracic aorta rings, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to evaluate the vasorelaxant effect and mechanisms of compound reserpine and triamterene tablets (CRTTs) and its component triamterene on isolated rat thoracic aorta rings. Isolated rat thoracic aorta rings pre-contracted by high potassium or norepinephrine (NE) were used to evaluate the vasodilatory effect of CRTTs and its component triamterene. The mechanisms concerning endothelium, potassium channels and calcium channels were studied through the interventions of several tool drugs. Animal welfare and experimental procedures followed the requirements of the Laboratory Animal Management and Animal Welfare Ethics Committee of the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College. The results showed that both CRTTs and triamterene had potent relaxant effect on KCl and NE pre-contracted vessels. Triamterene showed partial endothelium dependency, and N-nitro-L-argininemethyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) could influence the relaxant effect, which may be related to the opening of calcium-activated potassium channels. Meanwhile, CRTTs could inhibit intracellular Ca2+ release and extracellular Ca2+ influx. Overall, CRTTs and its component triamterene have vasorelaxant effects on vessels in vitro, and the vasorelaxant effect of CRTTs may be related to intracellular Ca2+ release and extracellular Ca2+ influx, while this effect of triamterene may depend on vascular endothelial function and may also be related to the opening of calcium-activated potassium channels.

, correspAuthors=Lian-hua FANG, Guan-hua DU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2022 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Di-fei GONG, Ran-ran WANG, Tian-yi YUAN, Shou-bao WANG, Jun-ke SONG, Lian-hua FANG, Guan-hua DU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1210517371542958182, articleId=1210517367893914593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=复方利血平氨苯蝶啶片对离体胸主动脉血管环的舒张作用及机制研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究主要评价复方利血平氨苯蝶啶片及其组分氨苯蝶啶对离体大鼠胸主动脉血管环的舒张作用, 并探讨其作用机制。采用离体大鼠胸主动脉血管环模型, 分别用高浓度KCl和去甲肾上腺素(norepinephrine, NE) 预刺激, 评价药物的舒张血管活性。通过各种工具药干预, 观察药物舒张血管作用的内皮相关机制、钾通道相关机制和钙离子相关机制。动物福利和实验过程均遵循中国医学科学院药物研究所实验动物管理与动物福利伦理委员会审查要求。结果显示复方利血平氨苯蝶啶片和氨苯蝶啶均可以浓度依赖性舒张高钾和NE预收缩的血管环; 氨苯蝶啶呈现出一定的内皮依赖性, N-硝基-L-精氨酸甲基酯(N-nitro-L-argininemethyl ester hydrochloride, L-NAME) 在一定程度上影响其舒张作用, 另外还可能与开放钙激活钾离子通道有关; 复方利血平氨苯蝶啶片明显抑制由细胞内钙释放和外钙内流引起的血管收缩。总之, 复方利血平氨苯蝶啶片和氨苯蝶啶在体外具有一定的舒张血管作用, 复方利血平氨苯蝶啶片的舒张血管机制可能与内钙释放和外钙内流有关, 氨苯蝶啶的舒张血管作用可能依赖于血管内皮功能, 另外还可能与开放钙激活钾离子通道相关。

, correspAuthors=方莲花, 杜冠华, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*方莲花, Tel / Fax: 86-10-63165313, E-mail: ;
杜冠华, Tel / Fax: 86-10-63165184, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2022, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=tdWvRhBJZLk7C9ZvNSamcQ==, magXml=SAHCIUcgPyNfZdqRnWWkZw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=jHC5ddLr1MMnZl8HELU9Ig==, pdfFileSize=1496734, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=Jr1S3r3lGhup6WmOr8sePA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=a3q5t/82UAFzkYiNwCSAcQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=龚迪菲, 王冉冉, 袁天翊, 王守宝, 宋俊科, 方莲花, 杜冠华)}, authors=[Author(id=1210517371828170880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210517367893914593, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1210517371907862662, 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复方利血平氨苯蝶啶片对离体胸主动脉血管环的舒张作用及机制研究
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龚迪菲 , 王冉冉 , 袁天翊 , 王守宝 , 宋俊科 , 方莲花 * , 杜冠华 *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2022,57(11): 3339-3344
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2022, 57(11): 3339-3344
复方利血平氨苯蝶啶片对离体胸主动脉血管环的舒张作用及机制研究
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龚迪菲, 王冉冉, 袁天翊, 王守宝, 宋俊科, 方莲花* , 杜冠华*
作者信息
  • 中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 药物靶点研究与新药筛选北京市重点实验室, 北京 100050

通讯作者:

*方莲花, Tel / Fax: 86-10-63165313, E-mail: ;
杜冠华, Tel / Fax: 86-10-63165184, E-mail:
Vasorelaxant effect and mechanisms of compound reserpine and triamterene tablets on the isolated thoracic aorta rings
Di-fei GONG, Ran-ran WANG, Tian-yi YUAN, Shou-bao WANG, Jun-ke SONG, Lian-hua FANG* , Guan-hua DU*
Affiliations
  • State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
出版时间: 2022-11-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0452
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本研究主要评价复方利血平氨苯蝶啶片及其组分氨苯蝶啶对离体大鼠胸主动脉血管环的舒张作用, 并探讨其作用机制。采用离体大鼠胸主动脉血管环模型, 分别用高浓度KCl和去甲肾上腺素(norepinephrine, NE) 预刺激, 评价药物的舒张血管活性。通过各种工具药干预, 观察药物舒张血管作用的内皮相关机制、钾通道相关机制和钙离子相关机制。动物福利和实验过程均遵循中国医学科学院药物研究所实验动物管理与动物福利伦理委员会审查要求。结果显示复方利血平氨苯蝶啶片和氨苯蝶啶均可以浓度依赖性舒张高钾和NE预收缩的血管环; 氨苯蝶啶呈现出一定的内皮依赖性, N-硝基-L-精氨酸甲基酯(N-nitro-L-argininemethyl ester hydrochloride, L-NAME) 在一定程度上影响其舒张作用, 另外还可能与开放钙激活钾离子通道有关; 复方利血平氨苯蝶啶片明显抑制由细胞内钙释放和外钙内流引起的血管收缩。总之, 复方利血平氨苯蝶啶片和氨苯蝶啶在体外具有一定的舒张血管作用, 复方利血平氨苯蝶啶片的舒张血管机制可能与内钙释放和外钙内流有关, 氨苯蝶啶的舒张血管作用可能依赖于血管内皮功能, 另外还可能与开放钙激活钾离子通道相关。

复方利血平氨苯蝶啶片  /  胸主动脉  /  血管舒张  /  内皮  /  钾离子通道  /  钙离子通道

This study aimed to evaluate the vasorelaxant effect and mechanisms of compound reserpine and triamterene tablets (CRTTs) and its component triamterene on isolated rat thoracic aorta rings. Isolated rat thoracic aorta rings pre-contracted by high potassium or norepinephrine (NE) were used to evaluate the vasodilatory effect of CRTTs and its component triamterene. The mechanisms concerning endothelium, potassium channels and calcium channels were studied through the interventions of several tool drugs. Animal welfare and experimental procedures followed the requirements of the Laboratory Animal Management and Animal Welfare Ethics Committee of the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College. The results showed that both CRTTs and triamterene had potent relaxant effect on KCl and NE pre-contracted vessels. Triamterene showed partial endothelium dependency, and N-nitro-L-argininemethyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) could influence the relaxant effect, which may be related to the opening of calcium-activated potassium channels. Meanwhile, CRTTs could inhibit intracellular Ca2+ release and extracellular Ca2+ influx. Overall, CRTTs and its component triamterene have vasorelaxant effects on vessels in vitro, and the vasorelaxant effect of CRTTs may be related to intracellular Ca2+ release and extracellular Ca2+ influx, while this effect of triamterene may depend on vascular endothelial function and may also be related to the opening of calcium-activated potassium channels.

compound reserpine and triamterene tablets  /  aorta  /  vasodilation  /  endothelium  /  potassium channel  /  calcium channel
龚迪菲, 王冉冉, 袁天翊, 王守宝, 宋俊科, 方莲花, 杜冠华. 复方利血平氨苯蝶啶片对离体胸主动脉血管环的舒张作用及机制研究. 药学学报, 2022 , 57 (11) : 3339 -3344 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0452
Di-fei GONG, Ran-ran WANG, Tian-yi YUAN, Shou-bao WANG, Jun-ke SONG, Lian-hua FANG, Guan-hua DU. Vasorelaxant effect and mechanisms of compound reserpine and triamterene tablets on the isolated thoracic aorta rings[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2022 , 57 (11) : 3339 -3344 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0452
心血管疾病一直是全球死亡的最主要原因, 占全球死亡人数的约1/3[1]。在心血管疾病的防治策略中, 对高血压的防治是重中之重。高血压(hypertension) 是指以体循环动脉血压(收缩压和/或舒张压) 增高为主要特征, 伴有心、脑、肾等器官的功能或器质性损害的临床综合征[2-4]。因此有效地控制血压是预防和减少心血管疾病的重要手段[5]。我国成人中高血压患病率为23.2%, 粗略估算全国高血压人口达2.45亿。高血压患者的知晓率、治疗率及控制率分别为46.9%、40.7%和15.3%, 均未超过50%[6]
2012~2015年中国高血压调查(China hypertension survey) 结果显示, 在高血压患者的治疗药物选择上, 单药治疗占68.3%, 最常用降压药物为钙拮抗剂, 而联合降压药物治疗率为31.7%。而多年来大量临床随机对照试验和临床实践调查已证实, 70%的高血压患者需同时使用2种及以上降压药物治疗才能将血压控制为 < 140/90 mmHg, 对于联合治疗的需求很高[7]。多种口服降压药联合控制血压, 一个不可避免的问题在于患者依从性差, 因此单片复方制剂成为联合用药的首选药物[8]
单片复方制剂复方利血平氨苯蝶啶片(compound reserpine and triamterene tablets, CRTTs) 由12.5 mg氨苯蝶啶、12.5 mg氢氯噻嗪、12.5 mg硫酸双肼屈嗪和0.1 mg利血平组成[9]。研究表明, CRTTs对于老年高血压患者具有明确的降压效果, 依从性及安全性良好[10, 11]。氨苯蝶啶为保钾利尿剂, 与氢氯噻嗪合用可增强利尿效果, 并能减少低钾的不良反应。硫酸双肼屈嗪为血管扩张剂, 能进入血管平滑肌细胞导致血管扩张而起到降压作用。利血平是一种具有中枢和外周双重作用的交感神经抑制剂, 通过影响中枢神经和外周交感神经末梢去甲肾上腺素的储存和释放而起到降压作用, 效果持久[12]。网络药理学结果表明, CRTTs的降压作用与血管张力调节密切相关, 但其作用机制仍不明确[13]
经过初步实验结果表明, 氢氯噻嗪、硫酸双肼屈嗪和利血平对离体大鼠胸主动脉血管环无明显舒张作用。因此本实验中, 旨在评价CRTTs及其组分药物氨苯蝶啶对离体大鼠胸主动脉血管环的舒张作用, 并对其作用机制进行深入研究, 以期探讨CRTTs治疗高血压病的作用特点与机制, 为其临床合理应用提供线索。
试剂  氨苯蝶啶(triamterene)、氢氯噻嗪(hydrochlorothiazide)、硫酸双肼屈嗪(dihydralazine sulfate) 和利血平(reserpine) 原料药由北京双鹤药业股份有限公司提供, 纯度 > 98% (图 1)。去甲肾上腺素(norepinephrine, NE)、吲哚美辛(indomethacin)、N-硝基-L-精氨酸甲基酯(N-nitro-L-argininemethyl ester hydrochloride, L-NAME)、亚甲基蓝(methylene blue)、格列苯脲(glibenclamide)、TEA (tetraethyl ammonium) 和4-AP (4-aminopyridine) 均购自美国Sigma公司; 乙酰胆碱(acetylcholine, ACh) 购自MedChemExpress公司; EGTA购自美国Amresco公司; 其他试剂均为国产分析纯。配气(95% O2, 5% CO2) 购自北京如源如泉科技有限公司。
动物  SPF级SD (Sprague-Dawley) 大鼠, 雄性, 体质量180~200 g, 购自北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司, 许可证号: SCXK (京) 2021-0011。所有动物实验过程符合中国医学科学院药物研究所实验动物管理与动物福利伦理委员会审查要求。
仪器  Polygraph MP100A (美国BIO-PAC公司); SC-15超级恒温槽(江南仪器厂); DK-98-1型电热恒温水浴锅(天津泰斯特仪器有限公司); JH-2肌张力传感器(北京航天医学工程研究所); 台式pH计(德国梅特勒集团)。
离体大鼠胸主动脉环制备  迅速处死大鼠, 打开胸腔迅速取出胸主动脉, 置于95% O2和5% CO2混合气预饱和的4 ℃、pH 7.4的普通Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) 液中洗去残血, 小心剪去血管外周脂肪和结缔组织, 将血管剪成长度为3、4 mm的血管环。根据实验需要, 血管环如需去内皮, 用直径略小于血管环内径的自制棉签轻轻摩擦血管环内表面以去除内皮。将血管环固定于两个不锈钢三角架中, 将一端固定于浴槽底部, 另一端连于张力换能器, 每个浴槽中加入8 mL普通K-H液, 维持37 ℃, 并持续充入95% O2和5% CO2混合气体。调节初始张力为1.2 g, 血管平衡后用含60 mmol·L-1 KC1的高钾K-H液刺激活化, 达最大收缩, 升高0.5 g以上的血管环可用。重新平衡1 h, 加入0.1 μmol·L-1的NE刺激血管收缩达平台期后, 加入10 μmol·L-1的Ach验证血管内皮完整性, 血管环舒张率达70%以上则认为血管环内皮保留完整; 如血管环舒张少于5%则认为血管环内皮完全去除[14]。用普通K-H液反复冲洗使血管环张力重新平衡到初始值1.2 g, 以备下一步实验。
CRTTs及其组分氨苯蝶啶对高钾预收缩血管环的舒张作用  选用内皮完整的大鼠胸主动脉环, 用含60 mmol·L-1 KCl的高钾K-H液刺激血管收缩并稳定后, 分别浓度累积加入CRTTs及氨苯蝶啶, 终浓度为1、3、10、30、100、300、1 000、3 000 μg·mL-1, 空白对照组加入同体积溶剂, 记录并观察待测化合物对高钾预收缩的血管环的舒张作用。
血管内皮对CRTTs及其组分氨苯蝶啶舒张血管作用的影响  选用内皮完整和去除内皮的大鼠胸主动脉环, 采用1 μmol·L-1的NE预收缩并稳定后, 分别浓度累积加入CRTTs及氨苯蝶啶, 终浓度为1、3、10、30、100、300、1 000 μg·mL-1, 空白对照组加入同体积溶剂, 记录并观察待测化合物对NE预收缩的血管环的舒张作用。
为探究内皮对待测化合物舒张血管作用的相关机制, 选用内皮完整的大鼠胸主动脉环, 加入一氧化氮合酶(endothelial nitric oxide synthase, eNOS) 抑制剂L-NAME (100 μmol·L-1)、鸟苷酸环化酶(guanylate cyclase, GC) 抑制剂亚甲基蓝(10 μmol·L-1) 和环氧化酶(cyclooxygenase, COX) 抑制剂吲哚美辛(5 μmol·L-1), 预孵育25 min, 加入1 μmol·L-1 NE预收缩血管并稳定后, 浓度累积加入CRTTs及氨苯蝶啶, 终浓度为1、3、10、30、100、300、1 000 μg·mL-1, 观察内皮功能相关工具药对血管环舒张作用的影响, 从而探讨CRTTs和氨苯蝶啶舒张血管的内皮相关作用机制。
钾离子通道对CRTTs及其组分氨苯蝶啶舒张血管作用的影响  选用去除内皮的大鼠胸主动脉环, 分别加入电压依赖钾离子通道阻滞剂4-AP (100 μmol·L-1)、钙激活钾离子通道阻滞剂TEA (5 mmol·L-1) 和ATP敏感钾离子通道阻滞剂格列苯脲(10 μmol·L-1), 孵育25 min后加入1 μmol·L-1 NE预收缩血管并稳定后, 浓度累积加入CRTTs及氨苯蝶啶, 终浓度为1、3、10、30、100、300、1 000 μg·mL-1, 观察钾离子通道阻滞剂对血管舒张作用的影响, 从而探讨药物是否通过开放钾离子通道来发挥舒张血管作用。
CRTTs及其组分氨苯蝶啶对NE诱导的内钙释放依赖性收缩的影响  选用去除内皮的大鼠胸主动脉环, 用含50 μmol·L-1 EGTA的无钙K-H液冲洗2次, 每次10 min, 换成不含EGTA的无钙K-H液并稳定后, 分别加入终浓度为1、300、1 000 μg·mL-1的CRTTs及终浓度为1、150、1 000 μg·mL-1的氨苯蝶啶, 预孵育20 min后, 加入1 μmol·L-1 NE刺激血管收缩。计算在待测药物影响下各血管环的收缩率, 以加入NE 15 min后的血管收缩张力与高钾诱发的血管环最大收缩张力之间的比值反映血管张力的变化。
CRTTs及其组分氨苯蝶啶对复钙诱导的外钙内流依赖性血管收缩的影响  选用去除内皮的大鼠胸主动脉环, 用含1 mmol·L-1 EGTA的无钙K-H液冲洗3次, 每次10 min, 换成不含EGTA的无钙高钾K-H液并稳定后, 分别加入终浓度为1、540、3 000 μg·mL-1的CRTTs及终浓度为1、370、3 000 μg·mL-1的氨苯蝶啶, 预孵育20 min后, 浓度累积加入CaCl2, 其终浓度为0.1、0.5、1、1.5、2、2.5 mmol·L-1, 计算收缩率, 以外钙内流引起的血管收缩张力与血管最大收缩张力的比值表示。
数据统计  采用GraphPad Prism9统计软件进行统计学分析, 所有数据均以$ \stackrel{-}{x} $ ± s表示, 多组间比较采用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA) 或双因素方差分析(two-way ANOVA), 以P < 0.05具有统计学意义。
CRTTs及氨苯蝶啶均能够明显舒张60 mmol·L-1 KCl预收缩的内皮完整的大鼠胸主动脉环, 并呈现浓度依赖性(图 2)。
CRTTs及氨苯蝶啶对1 μmol·L-1的NE预收缩的血管环同样具有舒张作用, 并具有浓度依赖性。当去除内皮后, CRTTs的舒张作用较在内皮完整的血管环上无显著差异, 而氨苯蝶啶则明显抑制舒张血管作用(图 3)。由此可见, 氨苯蝶啶舒张血管作用部分依赖于内皮, 而CRTTs舒张血管作用可能不依赖于内皮。
为了进一步探究氨苯蝶啶舒张血管作用的内皮依赖性机制, 在内皮完整的血管环上预孵育内皮功能相关性工具药, 分别为eNOS抑制剂L-NAME、GC抑制剂亚甲基蓝和环氧化酶抑制剂吲哚美辛, 代表舒张血管的3个经典信号通路。其中, 预孵育L-NAME显著降低氨苯蝶啶的舒张血管作用, 而亚甲基蓝和吲哚美辛对氨苯蝶啶的舒张血管作用无明显影响(图 4), 说明氨苯蝶啶可能是通过激活eNOS, 提高一氧化氮(NO) 的释放来舒张血管。
钾离子通道开放可引起细胞超极化, 从而舒张血管平滑肌。为探究CRTTs及氨苯蝶啶舒张血管作用是否与钾离子通道有关, 在去内皮的血管环中加入3种钾离子通道阻滞剂预孵育, 分别是电压依赖钾离子通道阻滞剂4-AP、钙激活钾离子通道阻滞剂TEA和ATP敏感钾离子通道阻滞剂格列苯脲。其中, 预孵育TEA可显著抑制氨苯蝶啶对NE预收缩血管的舒张作用, 4-AP和格列本脲对氨苯蝶啶的舒张血管作用无明显影响; 在较高浓度时格列本脲和4-AP抑制CRTTs的舒张血管作用, 但随着浓度的升高, 该抑制作用减弱, 当给予TEA后, CRTTs对NE预收缩血管的舒张作用无明显影响(图 5)。因此, 提示氨苯蝶啶的舒张血管作用可能依赖于开放钙激活钾离子通道, 而CRTTs的舒张血管作用可能不依赖于钾离子通道。
在无钙K-H液中, NE可通过内钙释放机制引起血管收缩。实验结果表明, 复方利血平氨苯蝶啶片可抑制内钙释放依赖性的血管收缩, 且呈浓度依赖性, 在300、1 000 μg·mL-1时抑制具有显著性。而氨苯蝶啶没有表现出显著的抑制内钙释放依赖性血管收缩的作用(图 6)。表明CRTTs可以通过抑制内钙释放发挥其舒张血管作用。
在无钙高钾K-H液中, CaCl2可通过外钙内流机制引起血管收缩。结果表明, 540和3 000 μg·mL-1的CRTTs孵育20 min后, 均能显著性地抑制外钙内流引起的血管收缩, 而氨苯蝶啶在抑制外钙内流引起的血管收缩的作用较CRTTs弱(图 7)。由此推测复方利血平氨苯蝶啶片可能是通过抑制外钙内流发挥舒张血管作用。
本实验研究了CRTTs及其药物组分氨苯蝶啶对离体大鼠胸主动脉血管环的舒张作用, 并探讨具体作用机制, 以明确CRTTs治疗高血压病的作用特点与机制, 为其临床合理用药提供具体的实验数据。
在高钾条件下, 电压依赖性钙离子通道开放, 导致外钙内流, 引起血管收缩[15]。在NE条件下, 激动平滑肌α受体, 激活受体门控性钙离子通道, 导致外钙内流, 引起血管收缩[16, 17]。结果表明, CRTTs及氨苯蝶啶对高钾及NE预收缩血管具有明显的舒张作用, 且具有浓度依赖性。血管内皮可通过释放内皮源性舒张因子如NO、前列腺素和内皮源性超极化因子, 以及血管收缩因子如内皮素、超氧化物和血栓素, 来维持和调节血管张力[18]。去除内皮之后, 氨苯蝶啶的血管舒张作用明显被抑制, 说明其血管舒张作用具有一定的内皮依赖性。因此加入3种内皮功能相关工具药, 进一步探究氨苯蝶啶舒张血管的内皮依赖性具体机制。结果显示L-NAME显著降低氨苯蝶啶的舒张血管作用, 而亚甲基蓝和吲哚美辛对氨苯蝶啶的舒张血管作用没有明显影响, 说明氨苯蝶啶可能是通过激活eNOS, 提高NO的释放来舒张血管[19]
在去除内皮的血管环上, CRTTs及氨苯蝶啶仍能舒张血管, 说明其对血管平滑肌细胞具有直接舒张作用。钾离子通道开放与关闭在调节动脉血管平滑肌收缩与舒张中起重要作用, 激活血管平滑肌上的钾离子通道会引起细胞膜超极化, 电压依赖性钙离子通道开放, 导致外钙内流引起血管收缩[14]。结果表明, 当给予TEA后, 氨苯蝶啶对NE预收缩血管的舒张作用显著降低, 而给予4-AP和格列本脲对氨苯蝶啶的舒张血管作用无明显影响; 当给予3种钾离子通道阻滞剂后, CRTTs对NE预收缩血管的舒张作用无明显影响, 说明氨苯蝶啶的舒张血管作用可能与开放钙激活钾离子通道有关, 而在CRTTs中, 其他3种药物可能抑制钙激活钾离子通道的开放, 也可能存在补偿机制, 即复方药物通过其他机制舒张血管, 而非通过调控钾离子通道, 最终导致TEA对CRTTs的舒张血管作用无明显影响。
细胞内钙离子浓度在调节血管平滑肌收缩中起到重要作用。正常情况下, 细胞内钙浓度低, 兴奋状态下, 细胞内钙离子浓度升高, 主要依赖两种途径: 外钙内流和内钙释放[20]。结果显示, CRTTs能显著抑制由内钙释放及外钙内流引起的血管收缩, 而氨苯蝶啶则对这两种血管收缩无明显影响, 表明CRTTs的舒张血管作用可能与钙离子通道有关, 而这种作用很可能是由复方中的其他3种药物成分介导的。
综上所述, CRTTs及其组分氨苯蝶啶均可舒张离体大鼠胸主动脉血管环。其中, CRTTs的舒张血管机制可能与内钙释放和外钙内流有关; 氨苯蝶啶的舒张血管作用具有内皮依赖性, 具体通过激活eNOS, 提高NO的释放来促进血管舒张, 另外还可能与开放钙激活钾离子通道有关。CRTTs及其组分氨苯蝶啶在离体胸主动脉血管环上的生物活性及机制研究, 为后续寻找药物新的适应症和阐明作用机制提供了一定的理论基础和实验依据。
作者贡献: 袁天翊、方莲花和杜冠华构思并设计了本研究; 龚迪菲撰写了手稿; 王冉冉和宋俊科参与了动物实验; 王守宝参与了试剂的准备; 袁天翊和龚迪菲进行了数据处理与分析。
利益冲突: 本文所有作者声明无任何利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82073853)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82141204)
  • 中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程项目(2021-I2M-1-005)
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2022年第57卷第11期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0452
  • 接收时间:2022-04-18
  • 首发时间:2025-12-24
  • 出版时间:2022-11-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-04-18
  • 修回日期:2022-05-16
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82073853)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82141204)
中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程项目(2021-I2M-1-005)
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    中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 药物靶点研究与新药筛选北京市重点实验室, 北京 100050

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*方莲花, Tel / Fax: 86-10-63165313, E-mail: ;
杜冠华, Tel / Fax: 86-10-63165184, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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