Article(id=1210516645882237090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516638089212895, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0385, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1648656000000, receivedDateStr=2022-03-31, revisedDate=1654790400000, revisedDateStr=2022-06-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766539258689, onlineDateStr=2025-12-24, pubDate=1662912000000, pubDateStr=2022-09-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766539258689, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766539258689, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539258689, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210516638089212895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2022', volume='57', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='2888', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766539256832, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539546411, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210517852726096743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516638089212895, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210517852726096744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516638089212895, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2671, endPage=2681, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210516647476072659, articleId=1210516645882237090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Discovery of a small-molecule inhibitor of carbamoyl phosphate synthase 1 and its anti-colorectal cancer mechanism, columnId=1210516639267812321, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Special Reports: Therapeutic interventions and strategies for cancer immunotherapy, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
The carbamoyl phosphate synthase 1 (CPS1) enzyme is involved in the first phase of the urea cycle, providing a prerequisite molecule for pyrimidine synthesis, as well as promoting tumor cell proliferation and growth. Studies have found that CPS1 is highly expressed in a variety of tumors, including colorectal cancer, lung cancer, etc. and its overexpression is related to the poor prognosis of tumors. Thus, small molecules targeted to inhibit the function of CPS1 in tumors may provide therapeutic benefits for cancer patients who overexpress CPS1. In this study, the function of CPS1 was investigated in vitro, and we found that overexpression of CPS1 can enhance the migration ability of colorectal cancer cells HCT15. Here, based upon the existing crystal structure, combined with high-throughput virtual screening, we obtained 8 candidate small molecule compounds. In vitro activity evaluation, we found that compound 3 has good anti-HCT15, HCT116 cell proliferation activity (HCT15, IC50, 7.69 ± 1.10 μmol‧L-1, HCT116, IC50, 13.53 ± 0.46 μmol‧L-1). Subsequently, molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis showed that, compound 3 could target and inhibit the activity of CPS1. In vitro studies showed that compound 3 could inhibit the migration of HCT15 cells, as well as induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Taken together, this study found that compound 3 is a potential small molecule inhibitor that targets CPS1, which provides the experimental basis and theoretical basis for the development of targeted intervention small molecule therapeutic drugs. Based upon the chemical structure of compound 3, we will shed new light on further optimizing its activity and therapeutic potential, which may provide a therapeutic benefit to the patients with CPS1-related tumors.
, correspAuthors=Bo LIU, Lei-lei FU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2022 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xing JIANG, Wen-ke JIN, Zi-xiang LI, Bo LIU, Lei-lei FU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1210516649590002084, articleId=1210516645882237090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=CPS1小分子抑制剂的筛选及其抗结直肠癌的机制研究, columnId=1210516639397835747, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=专题报道:靶向肿瘤免疫治疗策略与药物干预, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
氨基甲酰磷酸合成酶1 (CPS1) 参与尿素循环中的第一步反应, 为细胞嘧啶和精氨酸的合成提供前提分子, 促进肿瘤细胞的增殖与生长。研究发现CPS1在多种肿瘤中高表达, 包括结直肠癌、肺癌等, 且其过表达与肿瘤的不良预后有关。因此, 小分子靶向抑制肿瘤中CPS1的功能, 可能为过表达CPS1的癌症患者提供治疗益处。本研究对CPS1的功能进行体外研究, 发现过表达CPS1能够增强结直肠癌细胞HCT15的迁移能力。此外, 基于CPS1已有的晶体结构联合高通量虚拟筛选方法, 筛选得到8个候选小分子化合物, 经体外抗增殖活性评价, 发现化合物3对结直肠癌HCT15、HCT116细胞系都有较好的抗增殖活性[HCT15的半数抑制浓度(IC50) 为7.69 ± 1.10 μmol‧L-1, HCT116的IC50为13.53 ± 0.46 μmol‧L-1], 分子对接和动力学模拟研究表明化合物3能够靶向抑制CPS1活性。通过体外研究发现化合物3能够显著减弱结直肠癌细胞系的迁移能力, 同时还发现化合物3能够阻断结直肠癌细胞的S期进程和诱导凋亡。总而言之, 本研究发现化合物3是靶向CPS1的潜在小分子抑制剂, 为靶向干预小分子治疗药物的开发提供实验依据和理论基础, 以化合物3为母核进一步优化其抗肿瘤活性和治疗潜力, 为CPS1相关肿瘤患者提供广阔的治疗前景。
, correspAuthors=刘博, 符雷蕾, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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2018,
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via mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1210516656342831986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645882237090, awardId=2020YJ0285, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省应用基础研究项目(2020YJ0285), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1210516656464466810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645882237090, awardId=2682021CX088, language=CN, fundingSource=中央高校基本科研业务费(2682021CX088), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1210516649879409085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645882237090, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210516649883603390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645882237090, companyId=1210516649879409085, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210516649896186304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645882237090, companyId=1210516649879409085, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.西南交通大学生命科学与工程学院, 四川 成都 610031)]), AuthorCompany(id=1210516649996849608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645882237090, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210516650001043913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645882237090, companyId=1210516649996849608, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210516650009432522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645882237090, companyId=1210516649996849608, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.四川大学生物治疗国家重点实验室, 四川 成都 610041)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1210516653952078527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645882237090, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=dg8dWped2aa8zUP73mBYEA==, figureFileBig=/j79L0Sdemau6mCyl3VaQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516654052741833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645882237090, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption=
Expression of the carbamoyl phosphatase 1 (CPS1) gene in cancer cells and the role of the CPS1 gene in colorectal cancer. A: Expression of CPS1 in tumor cell lines; B: CPS1 expression plasmids were transfected into HCT15 cells, and the relative expression of CPS1 in HCT15 cells was detected by RT-PCR; C: CPS1 overexpression promotes HCT15 cell migration. Scale bar = 88 μm. n = 3, $ \overline{x} $ ± s. ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.000 1 vs Vector , figureFileSmall=dg8dWped2aa8zUP73mBYEA==, figureFileBig=/j79L0Sdemau6mCyl3VaQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516654329565916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645882237090, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=0H+QjtKLAt6Qu1Q/JZBv5A==, figureFileBig=yyDtIHMRYeW8yQ/J7DLWYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516654480560868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645882237090, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption=
Discovery of a small molecule inhibitor of CPS1. A: The three-dimensional structure of CPS1, red is the allosteric inhibitor binding pocket, and green is the ATP/ADP binding pocket; B: Workflow of screening CPS1 small molecule inhibitors; C: Eight CPS1 candidate small molecule inhibitor structures screened from the DrugBank and SPECS libraries , figureFileSmall=0H+QjtKLAt6Qu1Q/JZBv5A==, figureFileBig=yyDtIHMRYeW8yQ/J7DLWYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516654610584302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645882237090, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=64xNjW0Qbb1pyfXkExOI4g==, figureFileBig=8swxF/xQVmQ5hZqmQjDr7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516654740607739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645882237090, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption=
Cell viability were measured for each compound with various concentrations by CCK-8 assay for 72 h , figureFileSmall=64xNjW0Qbb1pyfXkExOI4g==, figureFileBig=8swxF/xQVmQ5hZqmQjDr7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516654874825478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645882237090, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=6wkojQvXR4hkxkQBHlQzkA==, figureFileBig=NQE0Iy8L1oQgPKyc/2r4Ag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516654992265998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645882237090, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption=
Identification of compound 3 as a potential inhibitor of CPS1. A: Tumor cells were treated with different concentrations of compounds for 24 or 48 h, the cell viability was detected by CCK-8 method, and the IC50 were calculated using GraphPad Prism 6. n = 3, $ \overline{x} $ ± s; B: The binding mode of compound 3 and CPS1; C: Molecular dynamics simulation of compound 3 binding to CPS1. RMSD: Root mean squared deviation , figureFileSmall=6wkojQvXR4hkxkQBHlQzkA==, figureFileBig=NQE0Iy8L1oQgPKyc/2r4Ag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516655118095129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645882237090, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Rb4GulTOQpfYBzCjk8YrfA==, figureFileBig=YLpFkvDu+sFNckUcP7CDqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516655231341350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645882237090, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption=
Compound 3 exerts anti-migration potential in vitro. A: HCT15 cells were treated with compound 3 (8.5 μmol‧L-1) for 24 and 48 h. The migration capabilities of the cells were detected by scratch assay. The wound closure ratio represents the level of cell migration ability. Scale bar = 88 µm; B, C: HCT15 or HCT15 CPS1-PCDH cells were treated with compound 3 (8.5 μmol‧L-1) for 48 h, transwell assay were used to measure migration capabilities of the cells. Scale bar = 88 μm; D: HCT15 cells were treated with different concentrations of compound 3 (50, 25, 12.5 μmol‧L-1) for 48 h. Immunoblotting analysis of caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) and E-cadherin expression, β-actin was measured as a loading control. n = 3, $ \overline{x} $ ± s. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.000 1 vs control (CON) , figureFileSmall=Rb4GulTOQpfYBzCjk8YrfA==, figureFileBig=YLpFkvDu+sFNckUcP7CDqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516655369753395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645882237090, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=hdGqlVrMkBiBBL9d9Eb6xw==, figureFileBig=OwqpceYdIRYDOV/iPGz7lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516655684326204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645882237090, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption=
Compound 3 induces cell cycle arrest in HCT15. A: Cells were treated with compound 3 at concentrations of 4.25, 8.5 and 17 μmol‧L-1 for 48 h. The results of flow cytometry showed that compound 3 induced HCT15 cell cycle blocking in the G1 phase; B: HCT15 cells were treated with different concentrations of compound 3 (50, 25, 12.5 μmol‧L-1) for 48 h. Immunoblotting analysis of CDK7 and cyclin E1 expression, β-actin was measured as a loading control; C: Colony formation assay of HCT15 cells treated with compound 3 (4.25, 8.5 and 17 μmol‧L-1). Representative images and quantification of colonies were shown. Scale bar = 10 μm. n = 3, $ \overline{x} $ ± s. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.000 1 vs CON , figureFileSmall=hdGqlVrMkBiBBL9d9Eb6xw==, figureFileBig=OwqpceYdIRYDOV/iPGz7lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516655826932550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645882237090, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=/weslV5mj06T5bpJ3KfvJA==, figureFileBig=ndurs59/XfoOERjpPgvdlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516655940178767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645882237090, language=CN, label=Figure 7, caption=
Compound 3 induces apoptosis of HCT15 cells. A: Treat HCT15 cells with 8.5 μmol‧L-1 of compound 3 for 48 h, then stained with 50 mmol‧L-1 Hoechst 33258 and observed under a fluorescence microscope; B: HCT15 cells were treated with compound 3 at concentrations of 4.25, 8.5 and 17 μmol‧L-1 for 48 h and apoptosis ratios were determined by flow cytometry analysis of Annexin-V/PI double staining; C: HCT15 cells were treated with compound 3 at concentrations of 12.5, 25 and 50 μmol‧L-1 for 48 h. Immunoblotting analysis of cleaved-caspase 3, caspase 3, cleaved-caspase 9, caspase 9, Bax, Bcl-2 expression, β-actin was measured as a loading control. n = 3, $ \overline{x} $ ± s. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.000 1 vs CON , figureFileSmall=/weslV5mj06T5bpJ3KfvJA==, figureFileBig=ndurs59/XfoOERjpPgvdlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516656061813593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645882237090, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| N0. | SPECE ID | IC50/μmol‧L-1 |
| HCT15 | HCT116 | A549 | NCIH2122 |
| 1 | DB11703 | > 50 | > 50 | 38.92 ± 3.67 | 30.33 ± 4.15 |
| 2 | DB00619 | 28.14 ± 1.98 | 17.54 ± 1.91 | 30.66 ± 1.78 | 17.02 ± 2.63 |
| 3 | DB01254 | 7.69 ± 1.10 | 13.53 ± 0.46 | 7.47 ± 1.88 | 10.51 ± 1.68 |
| 4 | DB00705 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 5 | AK-918/43210364 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 6 | AP-906/42285787 | — | — | > 50 | — |
| 7 | AO-022/43514832 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 8 | AO-081/41228034 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
), ArticleFig(id=1210516656187642724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516645882237090, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=
The SPECE ID of the compound and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). Tumor cells were treated with different concentrations of compounds for 72 h, the cell viability was detected by CCK-8 method, and the IC50 were calculated using GraphPad Prism 6. n = 3, $ \overline{x} $ ± s
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| N0. | SPECE ID | IC50/μmol‧L-1 |
| HCT15 | HCT116 | A549 | NCIH2122 |
| 1 | DB11703 | > 50 | > 50 | 38.92 ± 3.67 | 30.33 ± 4.15 |
| 2 | DB00619 | 28.14 ± 1.98 | 17.54 ± 1.91 | 30.66 ± 1.78 | 17.02 ± 2.63 |
| 3 | DB01254 | 7.69 ± 1.10 | 13.53 ± 0.46 | 7.47 ± 1.88 | 10.51 ± 1.68 |
| 4 | DB00705 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 5 | AK-918/43210364 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 6 | AP-906/42285787 | — | — | > 50 | — |
| 7 | AO-022/43514832 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 8 | AO-081/41228034 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
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