Article(id=1210516644720414796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516638089212895, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0381, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1648569600000, receivedDateStr=2022-03-30, revisedDate=1655913600000, revisedDateStr=2022-06-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766539258413, onlineDateStr=2025-12-24, pubDate=1662912000000, pubDateStr=2022-09-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766539258413, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766539258413, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539258413, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210516638089212895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2022', volume='57', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='2888', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766539256832, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539546411, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210517852726096743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516638089212895, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210517852726096744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516638089212895, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2798, endPage=2804, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210516645538304126, articleId=1210516644720414796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Determination of paclitaxel prodrug in SD rat plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application in preclinical pharmacokinetic studies, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A fast and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of prodrug of paclitaxel (Pro-PTX) and paclitaxel (PTX) in rat plasma was developed. The plasma samples were subjected to protein precipitation with acetonitrile (0.1% formic acid), and then separated by LC with an Ultimate AQ-C18 column (50 mm × 3.0 mm, 3 μm) and acetonitrile-1 mmol·L-1 ammonium formate (containing 0.1% formic acid) as the mobile phase. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) scanning mode was used to detect the ion responses m/z 983.4→415.2 (Pro-PTX), m/z 854.4→286.1 (PTX) and m/z 808.3→527.2 (Docetaxel, internal standard) by using a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization source and positive ion mode. The method validation results show that the linear ranges of Pro-PTX and PTX in plasma were 2.00-500 ng·mL-1 (r > 0.99) and 4.00-1 000 ng·mL-1 (r > 0.99), the lower limit of quantification was 2.00 ng·mL-1 and 4.00 ng·mL-1, respectively; the quality control samples with low, medium and high concentrations of Pro-PTX and PTX were within the batch, the relative standard deviation (RSD) between batches were all less than 9%; the relative deviation (RE) was within the range of ± 9%; In the stability test, both Pro-PTX and PTX in plasma were stable under various storage conditions. The method was sensitive, specific, and reproducible, and was suitable for the pharmacokinetic study of Pro-PTX in rats. Animal experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee of Laboratory Animal Management and Animal Welfare, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.: 00003552).

, correspAuthors=Jiu-ming HE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2022 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Guo-cai WANG, Xiang-yi WANG, Cong-cong XIAO, Jian-peng HUANG, Meng YU, Jiu-ming HE), CN=ArticleExt(id=1210516647593513188, articleId=1210516644720414796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=LC-MS/MS法测定SD大鼠血浆中紫杉醇前药含量及其在临床前药代动力学研究中的应用, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本实验建立了一种液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS) 法快速、灵敏测定Sprague-Dawley (SD) 大鼠血浆中紫杉醇前药(Pro-PTX) 及紫杉醇(PTX) 的浓度。血浆样本以乙腈(0.1%甲酸) 沉淀蛋白后, 选用Ultimate AQ-C18色谱柱(50 mm × 3.0 mm, 3 μm), 以乙腈-1 mmol·L-1甲酸铵(含0.1%甲酸) 为流动相, 选用三重四极杆串联质谱仪的多重反应监测(MRM) 扫描方式进行监测, 选择监测离子反应分别为m/z 983.4→415.2 (Pro-PTX)、m/z 854.4→286.1 (PTX) 和m/z 808.3→527.2 (多西他赛, 内标)。方法验证结果表明, 血浆中Pro-PTX和PTX的线性范围分别为2.00~500 ng·mL-1 (r > 0.99) 和4.00~1 000 ng·mL-1 (r > 0.99), 定量下限分别为2.00和4.00 ng·mL-1; Pro-PTX和PTX低、中、高三浓度的质控样本批内、批间相对标准差(RSD) 均小于9%; 相对偏差(RE) 均在±9%的范围以内; 稳定性实验中, 血浆中Pro-PTX和PTX在各种贮存条件下均稳定。本方法灵敏度高, 专属性、重现性好, 成功用于Pro-PTX在大鼠中的药代动力学研究。本研究中实验动物的使用已获得中国医学科学院药物研究所实验动物管理与动物福利伦理委员会批准(批号: 00003552)。

, correspAuthors=贺玖明, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*贺玖明, Tel: 86-10-63165218, E-mail:
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Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2020, 55: 473-477., articleTitle=Kinetic study of pyrrolizidine alkaloid-derived pyrrole-protein adducts in rats after intragastric administration of Gynura japonica, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210516656808399770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516644720414796, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=56, issue=null, pageStart=3518, pageEnd=3525, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ji X, Liu XQ, Gao L, et al. Pharmacokinetics of the main components differing between ligustri lucidi fructus and its wine-steamed product[J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2021, 56: 3518-3525., articleTitle=Pharmacokinetics of the main components differing between ligustri lucidi fructus and its wine-steamed product, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210516656909063075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516644720414796, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=54, issue=null, pageStart=695, pageEnd=700, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu SS, Geng YJ, Xia YY, et al. Quantification of norfloxacin in human plasma by LC-MS/MS and validation of the analytical method[J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2019, 54: 695-700., articleTitle=Quantification of norfloxacin in human plasma by LC-MS/MS and validation of the analytical method, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210516657034892200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516644720414796, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=54, issue=null, pageStart=2289, pageEnd=2295, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu YT, Jiang QY, Huang GY, et al. Determining the effect of Huangqi on the pharmacokinetics of six different alkaloids from Fuzi in rats by LC-MS[J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2019, 54: 2289-2295., articleTitle=Determining the effect of Huangqi on the pharmacokinetics of six different alkaloids from Fuzi in rats by LC-MS, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210516657190081460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516644720414796, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=56, issue=null, pageStart=2372, pageEnd=2377, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen ZD, Gao YX, Xue H, et al. Pharmacokinetics of FGF21-164 fusion protein in mice using UHPLC-MS/MS method[J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2021, 56: 2372-2377., articleTitle=Pharmacokinetics of FGF21-164 fusion protein in mice using UHPLC-MS/MS method, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210516657366242235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516644720414796, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=25, issue=null, pageStart=292, pageEnd=295, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=J Tianjin Med Univ (天津医科大学学报), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Song Y. Quantitation of paclitaxel in rats plasma by HPLC-MS/MS and its application in pharmacokinetic study[J]. 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CompoundStorage condition/ng·mL-1Nominal concentration /ng·mL-1RE/%Inter-day RSDIntra-day RSD
Pro-PTX6.006.50 ± 0.45-8.314.83%-7.63%6.87%
150.00162.83 ±12.80-8.565.88%-8.51%7.86%
400.00399.83 ± 23.660.043.48%-4.27%5.92%
PTX12.0012.07 ± 0.92-0.602.33%-8.78%7.62%
300.00307.61 ± 22.21-2.544.32%-8.44%7.22%
800.00755.94 ± 64.315.514.97%-7.61%5.51%
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Results of precision and accuracy for the determination of Pro-PTX and PTX in rat plasma. n = 18, $ \overline{x} $ ± s

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CompoundStorage condition/ng·mL-1Nominal concentration /ng·mL-1RE/%Inter-day RSDIntra-day RSD
Pro-PTX6.006.50 ± 0.45-8.314.83%-7.63%6.87%
150.00162.83 ±12.80-8.565.88%-8.51%7.86%
400.00399.83 ± 23.660.043.48%-4.27%5.92%
PTX12.0012.07 ± 0.92-0.602.33%-8.78%7.62%
300.00307.61 ± 22.21-2.544.32%-8.44%7.22%
800.00755.94 ± 64.315.514.97%-7.61%5.51%
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CompoundStorage conditionNominal concentration/ng·mL-1Measured concentration/ng·mL-1RE/%
Pro-PTXRoom temperature for 4 h6.006.09 ± 0.221.56
150.00156.33 ± 14.434.22
400.00430.33 ± 36.617.58
-70 ℃ freeze-thaw four cycle6.006.51 ± 0.358.50
150.00155.33 ± 3.213.56
400.00408.67 ± 18.722.17
-70 ℃ long-term stability, 42 d6.006.66 ± 0.1511.06
150.00159.33 ± 6.666.22
400.00405.33 ± 4.931.33
PTXRoom temperature for 4 h12.0011.88 ± 0.37-1.00
300.00312.59 ± 22.694.20
800.00870.97 ± 71.378.87
-70 ℃ freeze-thaw four cycle12.0013.34 ± 1.1211.14
300.00307.12 ± 17.252.37
800.00810.43 ± 40.131.30
-70 ℃ long-term stability, 42 d12.0011.86 ± 0.18-1.14
300.00304.10 ± 12.501.37
800.00789.34 ± 15.13-1.33
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Results of stability studies of Pro-PTX and PTX in rat plasma under various storage conditions. n = 3, $ \overline{x} $ ± s

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CompoundStorage conditionNominal concentration/ng·mL-1Measured concentration/ng·mL-1RE/%
Pro-PTXRoom temperature for 4 h6.006.09 ± 0.221.56
150.00156.33 ± 14.434.22
400.00430.33 ± 36.617.58
-70 ℃ freeze-thaw four cycle6.006.51 ± 0.358.50
150.00155.33 ± 3.213.56
400.00408.67 ± 18.722.17
-70 ℃ long-term stability, 42 d6.006.66 ± 0.1511.06
150.00159.33 ± 6.666.22
400.00405.33 ± 4.931.33
PTXRoom temperature for 4 h12.0011.88 ± 0.37-1.00
300.00312.59 ± 22.694.20
800.00870.97 ± 71.378.87
-70 ℃ freeze-thaw four cycle12.0013.34 ± 1.1211.14
300.00307.12 ± 17.252.37
800.00810.43 ± 40.131.30
-70 ℃ long-term stability, 42 d12.0011.86 ± 0.18-1.14
300.00304.10 ± 12.501.37
800.00789.34 ± 15.13-1.33
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LC-MS/MS法测定SD大鼠血浆中紫杉醇前药含量及其在临床前药代动力学研究中的应用
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王国才 , 王相宜 , 肖聪聪 , 黄建鹏 , 郁萌 , 贺玖明 *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2022,57(9): 2798-2804
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2022, 57(9): 2798-2804
LC-MS/MS法测定SD大鼠血浆中紫杉醇前药含量及其在临床前药代动力学研究中的应用
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王国才, 王相宜, 肖聪聪, 黄建鹏, 郁萌, 贺玖明*
作者信息
  • 中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 国家药品监督管理局创新药物安全研究与评价重点实验室, 北京 100050

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*贺玖明, Tel: 86-10-63165218, E-mail:
Determination of paclitaxel prodrug in SD rat plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application in preclinical pharmacokinetic studies
Guo-cai WANG, Xiang-yi WANG, Cong-cong XIAO, Jian-peng HUANG, Meng YU, Jiu-ming HE*
Affiliations
  • State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Beijing 100050, China
出版时间: 2022-09-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0381
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本实验建立了一种液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS) 法快速、灵敏测定Sprague-Dawley (SD) 大鼠血浆中紫杉醇前药(Pro-PTX) 及紫杉醇(PTX) 的浓度。血浆样本以乙腈(0.1%甲酸) 沉淀蛋白后, 选用Ultimate AQ-C18色谱柱(50 mm × 3.0 mm, 3 μm), 以乙腈-1 mmol·L-1甲酸铵(含0.1%甲酸) 为流动相, 选用三重四极杆串联质谱仪的多重反应监测(MRM) 扫描方式进行监测, 选择监测离子反应分别为m/z 983.4→415.2 (Pro-PTX)、m/z 854.4→286.1 (PTX) 和m/z 808.3→527.2 (多西他赛, 内标)。方法验证结果表明, 血浆中Pro-PTX和PTX的线性范围分别为2.00~500 ng·mL-1 (r > 0.99) 和4.00~1 000 ng·mL-1 (r > 0.99), 定量下限分别为2.00和4.00 ng·mL-1; Pro-PTX和PTX低、中、高三浓度的质控样本批内、批间相对标准差(RSD) 均小于9%; 相对偏差(RE) 均在±9%的范围以内; 稳定性实验中, 血浆中Pro-PTX和PTX在各种贮存条件下均稳定。本方法灵敏度高, 专属性、重现性好, 成功用于Pro-PTX在大鼠中的药代动力学研究。本研究中实验动物的使用已获得中国医学科学院药物研究所实验动物管理与动物福利伦理委员会批准(批号: 00003552)。

紫杉醇  /  前药  /  液相色谱-串联质谱联用法  /  临床前药代动力学

A fast and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of prodrug of paclitaxel (Pro-PTX) and paclitaxel (PTX) in rat plasma was developed. The plasma samples were subjected to protein precipitation with acetonitrile (0.1% formic acid), and then separated by LC with an Ultimate AQ-C18 column (50 mm × 3.0 mm, 3 μm) and acetonitrile-1 mmol·L-1 ammonium formate (containing 0.1% formic acid) as the mobile phase. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) scanning mode was used to detect the ion responses m/z 983.4→415.2 (Pro-PTX), m/z 854.4→286.1 (PTX) and m/z 808.3→527.2 (Docetaxel, internal standard) by using a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization source and positive ion mode. The method validation results show that the linear ranges of Pro-PTX and PTX in plasma were 2.00-500 ng·mL-1 (r > 0.99) and 4.00-1 000 ng·mL-1 (r > 0.99), the lower limit of quantification was 2.00 ng·mL-1 and 4.00 ng·mL-1, respectively; the quality control samples with low, medium and high concentrations of Pro-PTX and PTX were within the batch, the relative standard deviation (RSD) between batches were all less than 9%; the relative deviation (RE) was within the range of ± 9%; In the stability test, both Pro-PTX and PTX in plasma were stable under various storage conditions. The method was sensitive, specific, and reproducible, and was suitable for the pharmacokinetic study of Pro-PTX in rats. Animal experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee of Laboratory Animal Management and Animal Welfare, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.: 00003552).

paclitaxel  /  prodrug  /  LC-MS/MS  /  preclinical pharmacokinetics
王国才, 王相宜, 肖聪聪, 黄建鹏, 郁萌, 贺玖明. LC-MS/MS法测定SD大鼠血浆中紫杉醇前药含量及其在临床前药代动力学研究中的应用. 药学学报, 2022 , 57 (9) : 2798 -2804 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0381
Guo-cai WANG, Xiang-yi WANG, Cong-cong XIAO, Jian-peng HUANG, Meng YU, Jiu-ming HE. Determination of paclitaxel prodrug in SD rat plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application in preclinical pharmacokinetic studies[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2022 , 57 (9) : 2798 -2804 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0381
许多细胞毒类抗癌药物是通过非特异性亲脂性相互作用进入细胞膜, 且优先选择具有较高增殖或代谢率的细胞。然而, 这些条件不仅是肿瘤细胞的特征, 但也有许多健康细胞, 例如骨髓、消化系统上皮和毛囊等的特性。因此, 抗癌药物的治疗指数通常很低, 显著的不良反应可能会影响治疗结果[1]
紫杉醇是从红豆杉中提取的天然抗肿瘤药物, 主要作用于细胞微管, 抑制细胞的分裂和增殖, 从而发挥抗肿瘤作用。在临床上广泛应用于乳腺癌、胰腺癌、卵巢癌、肺癌等多种实体肿瘤的治疗, 具有较好的治疗效果, 但同时也具有较大的毒性。由于紫杉醇是水不溶性药物, 上市制剂紫杉醇注射液将紫杉醇溶于聚氧乙烯蓖麻油和无水乙醇混合制得。聚氧乙基代蓖麻油为一种抗原物, 进入机体后可刺激机体产生免疫反应, 引起患者血压下降、心率加快、毛细血管通透性增加等严重过敏反应[2-5]
目前, 已经有很多报道的针对紫杉醇前药的修饰策略, 包括增加水溶性、小分子或大分子靶向策略[6]。结合紫杉醇的结构特点以及构效关系, 研究人员对C-2′羟基进行了结构修饰, 并采用质谱成像技术对其进行了小鼠体内分布研究, 结果表明其明显在肿瘤组织聚集[7]。体内药效结果表明, 其能够明显降低毒性。基于前期研究, 本研究建立并验证了液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS) 分析方法, 定量检测大鼠血浆中紫杉醇前药{Pro-PTX; 2-(((((2R)-1-苯甲酰胺基-3-(((2aR, 4aS, 6R, 9S, 11S, 12S, 12bS)-6, 12b-二乙酰氧基-12-(苯甲酰氧基)-4, 11-二羟基-4a, 8, 13, 13-四甲基-5-氧代-2a, 3, 4, 4a, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 12a, 12b-十二氢-7, 11-亚甲基-1H-环癸并[3, 4]苯并[1, 2-b]氧杂丁环-9-基)氧)-3-氧代-1-苯丙基-2-基)氧)羰基)氧)-氮, 氮, 氮-三甲基乙烷-1-铵盐} 及紫杉醇(PTX) 的含量, 为其临床前药代动力学评价研究奠定基础[8-12]
仪器设备  QTRAP 5500型三重四极杆串联质谱仪: 美国Applied Biosystems公司产品, 配有电喷雾离子化源(ESI) 以及Analyst 1.6.3数据处理软件; Nexera XR液相色谱仪: 日本Shimadzu公司产品, 包括LC-20ADXR型二元泵, DGU-20A3R型脱气机, SIL-20AC型自动进样器, CTO-20AC型柱温箱; Sigma 3-30K台式高速离心机: 德国Sartorius Stedim Biotech公司产品。
药品和试剂  对照品: Pro-PTX (含量: 98.36%; 批号: E01324-16892-070-A1), 由桑迪亚医药技术(上海) 有限责任公司提供; PTX (批号: L870T13; 含量: 98%), 北京百灵威科技有限公司。内标: 多西他赛, 购自中国食品药品检定研究院。甲醇、乙腈、甲酸为色谱纯(Fisher公司), 水为娃哈哈纯净水, 其他试剂均为分析纯。
HPLC-MS/MS条件  色谱柱: Ultimate AQ-C18柱(50 mm × 3.0 mm, 5 μm, 月旭科技); 流动相: 乙腈(B)-1 mmol·L-1甲酸铵(含0.1%甲酸, A), 梯度洗脱程序: 起始比例30% B; 0~0.5 min, 50% B; 0.5~1 min, 60% B; 1.0~2.0 min, 95% B; 2.0~3.5 min, 95% B; 3.5~3.51 min, 30% B; 流速: 0.4 mL·min-1; 柱温: 室温; 进样量: 5 μL。质谱条件: 电喷雾离子化源; 离子喷射电压: 5 500 V; 温度: 550 ℃; 源内气体1 (GS1, N2) 压力: 65 psi; 气体2 (GS2, N2) 压力: 60 psi; 气帘气体(N2) 压力: 30 psi; 正离子方式监测; 扫描方式为多重反应监测(MRM); 用于定量分析的离子反应分别为m/z 983.4→415.2 (Pro-PTX)、m/z 854.4→286.1 (PTX) 和m/z 808.3→527.2 (多西他赛), 解簇电压(DP) 均为100 V, 碰撞能量(CE) 分别为52、22和13 eV; 碰撞气(CAD, N2) 压力: Medium; Q1和Q3分辨率均为UNIT。
标准曲线和质控储备液的配制  分别精密称/量取Pro-PTX和PTX对照品, 加甲醇溶解, 配制成1 mg·mL-1的储备液。
标准曲线工作溶液的配制  分别取适量Pro-PTX和PTX储备液, 用甲醇(含0.1%甲酸), 稀释成Pro-PTX/PTX质量浓度分别为40.00/80.00、80.00/160.00、200.00/400.00、500.00/1 000.00、1 000.00/2 000.00、5 000.00/10 000.00、9 000.00/18 000.00和10 000.00/20 000.00 ng·mL-1的标准曲线工作溶液。
标准曲线样本的配制  取不同浓度的标准曲线工作液各5 μL, 分别加入空白血浆基质95 μL, 配制成Pro-PTX/PTX质量浓度分别为2.00/4.00、4.00/8.00、10.00/20.00、25.00/50.00、50.00/100.00、250.00/500.00、450.00/900.00和500.00/1 000.00 ng·mL-1的标准曲线样本(Cal.1、Cal.2、Cal.3、Cal.4、Cal.5、Cal.6、Cal.7、Cal.8)。按样本前处理流程处理。
质控(QC) 工作溶液的配制  分别取适量Pro-PTX和PTX储备液, 用甲醇(含0.1%甲酸), 稀释成Pro-PTX/PTX质量浓度分别为120.00/240.00、3 000.0/6 000.00和8 000.00/16 000.00 ng·mL-1的QC工作溶液。
质控样本的配制  取不同浓度的质控工作液各5 μL, 分别加入空白血浆基质95 μL, 配制成Pro-PTX/PTX质量浓度分别为6.00/12.00、150.00/300.00、400.00/800.00的质控样本。按样本前处理流程处理。
内标溶液的配制  精确取50 µL多西他赛储备液(1 mg·mL-1, 甲醇含0.1% FA), 加入于9.95 mL甲醇(含0.1%甲酸), 配制成多西他赛质量浓度为5.00 µg·mL-1的内标溶液, 于4 ℃冰箱中保存。
血浆样本处理  取血浆50 μL, 分别加入内标溶液50 μL, 乙腈(含0.1%甲酸) 200 μL, 涡流1 min, 14 000 r·min-1离心2 min, 取200 μL上清于进样瓶中进行LC-MS/MS分析。
特异性  分别取6个不同来源的SD大鼠空白血浆各50 μL, 以等体积的甲醇(含0.1%甲酸) 代替内标溶液, 按“血浆样本处理”项操作, 进行LC-MS/MS分析。
基质效应和提取回收率①纯溶液(Neat-QC) 样本(a): 取95 μL水, 加入5 μL质控工作液(低、高浓度) 和100 μL内标工作液, 400 μL乙腈(含0.1%甲酸), 涡旋混匀后, 进行LC-MS/MS分析。每浓度6个平行样本; ②提取后加标(Unex-QC) 样本(b): 取190 μL空白血浆, 加入10 μL甲醇(含0.1%甲酸), 200 μL稀释液, 800 μL乙腈(含0.1%甲酸), 涡旋混匀, 14 000 r·min-1离心2 min, 取上清495 μL, 加入5 μL质控工作液(低、中、高浓度) 和100 μL内标溶液, 涡旋混匀后进行LC-MS/MS分析。每浓度6个平行样本; ③提取前加标(Ex-QC) 样本(c): 同质控样本处理过程, 每个浓度6个平行样本。对于每批基质, 通过计算基质存在下单样本响应值(b) 与不含基质的相应浓度6个(a) 样本响应值均值的(待测物和内标的纯溶液) 比值来计算每一待测物和内标的基质因子。进一步通过待测物的基质因子除以内标的基质因子, 计算经内标归一化的基质因子。
标准曲线和定量下限  取标准曲线样本50 μL, 按“血浆样本处理”项操作, 以血浆中待测物浓度为横坐标, 待测物与内标的峰面积比值为纵坐标, 用加权(W = 1/x2) 最小二乘法进行回归运算, 求得的直线回归方程, 即为工作曲线。每个分析批建立一条工作曲线, 每浓度1个样本, 连续测定3个分析批。按“血浆样本处理”项操作, 处理Pro-PTX/PTX质量浓度为2.00和4.00 ng·mL-1的样本, 每个分析批6样本, 连续测定3个分析批, 以相应分析批的工作曲线计算样本的浓度, 根据测定结果计算样本的相对偏差(RE) 以及批内、批间相对标准差(RSD)。
准确度与精密度  按“血浆样本处理”项操作, 处理Pro-PTX/PTX低、中、高3个浓度(分别为6.00/12.00、150.00/300.00、400.00/800.00 ng·mL-1) 的QC样本, 每浓度6样本, 连续测定3个分析批, 以同一分析批的工作曲线计算QC样本的浓度, 根据QC样本的测定结果计算方法的准确度与精密度。
稳定性  取QC样本50 μL, 分别考察血浆样本室温放置约4 h、经4次冻融、-70 ℃冰冻放置至少1个月Pro-PTX和PTX的稳定性, 每浓度平行3个样本。
药代动力学研究  动物实验程序经中国医学科学院药物研究所实验动物管理与动物福利伦理委员会批准(批号: 00003552)。SD大鼠, 约6~8周, 体重(232.9 ± 17.2) g, 购自于北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司, 许可证号: SCXK (京) 2016-0011。动物实验分为两组, 一组以生理盐水为溶媒, 考察不同给药剂量时, Pro-PTX在动物体内的药代动力学情况; 另一组以15%羟丙基环糊精为溶媒, 考察不同溶媒, 相同给药剂量时, Pro-PTX在动物体内的药代动力学情况是否有差异[13-21]
供试品的配制  ① Pro-PTX (生理盐水组): 称取适量的Pro-PTX, 加入所需药液体积的5%二甲基亚砜(DMSO) 使药物完全溶解, 加入5%药液体积的95%乙醇, 加入5%药液体积的Tween 80, 振荡并超声30 s, 加入剩余体积的生理盐水, 超声5~10 min, 配制成0.6、0.9、1.2 mg·mL-1的Pro-PTX的溶液, 按0.005 mL·g-1给大鼠静脉注射; ② Pro-PTX (15%羟丙基环糊精组) : 称取适量的Pro-PTX, 加入所需药液体积的5% DMSO使药物完全溶解, 加入5%药液体积的95%乙醇, 加入5%药液体积的Tween 80, 振荡并超声30 s, 加入剩余体积的15%羟丙基环糊精, 超声5~10 min, 配制成1.2 mg·mL-1 Pro-PTX的溶液, 按0.005 mL·g-1给大鼠静脉注射。
血样采集  动物静脉采集全血(约0.4 mL) 用于药代分析。动物采血时间点: 给药前、给药后5 min、15 min、30 min、1 h、2 h、4 h、8 h、24 h。血样采用乙二胺四乙酸二钾盐(K2-EDTA) 抗凝, 在冰浴条件下进行转运, 取血后1 h内完成离心, 分离血浆后于-70 ℃以下冻存, 避免反复冻融, 血浆转运过程中使用放有碎冰或干冰的泡沫盒。
数据分析  药代动力参数采用Phoenix WinNonlin软件(Version 8.0), 采用非房室模型计算获得。数据以均值±标准差形式表示。
图 1显示了Pro-PTX、PTX、多西他赛(内标) 的典型色谱图。大鼠空白血浆样本提取后色谱图见1A; 取Pro-PTX/PTX质量浓度为2.00和4.00 ng·mL-1定量下限样本(LLOQ) 50 µL, 按“血浆样本处理”项操作, 得色谱图 1B; 取1只动物给药后收集的血浆样本, 按“血浆样本处理”项操作, 得色谱图 1C。结果表明, Pro-PTX、PTX和内标多西他赛的保留时间分别约为2.20、2.60和2.40 min, 空白血浆中的内源性物质不干扰Pro-PTX, PTX和多西他赛的测定。
测定低、高2个浓度血浆样本中Pro-PTX的基质效应分别为(84.11 ± 6.63)%和(85.66 ± 5.61)%, 平均基质效应为(84.89 ± 5.91)%; PTX的基质效应分别为(93.72 ± 9.92)%和(98.19 ± 1.94)%, 平均基质效应为(95.95 ± 7.21)%。以样本提取前(c) 后(b) 待测物与内标的响应值比的比值表示, 测定低、高2个浓度血浆样本中Pro-PTX的提取回收率分别为(98.61 ± 7.77)%和(103.52 ± 6.78)%, 平均提取回收率为(101.07 ± 7.41)%; PTX的提取回收率分别为(95.50 ± 10.11)%和(98.13 ± 1.94)%, 平均提取回收率为(96.82 ± 7.07)%。
Pro-PTX线性回归方程: y = 0.005 08X + 0.003 5 (r = 0.993 8), 线性范围为2.00~500 ng·mL-1; PTX线性回归方程: y = 0.004 86X + 0.001 38 (r = 0.999 3), 线性范围为4.00~1 000 ng·mL-1。在LLOQ样本浓度下, Pro-PTX和PTX的平均准确度偏差均在±15%以内, 批内、批间RSD均小于20%, 因此Pro-PTX和PTX的定量下限分别为2.00和4.00 ng·mL-1
Pro-PTX和PTX各浓度水平QC准确度与精密度考察结果见表 1。两个化合物准确度偏差(RE) 均在±15%以内, 批内、批间RSD均小于15%。
Pro-PTX和PTX稳定性考察结果列于表 2。两个化合物的测定浓度与理论浓度的RE均在±11%以内, 表明在血浆样本室温放置、反复冻融4次、长期-70 ℃冰冻放置过程中, Pro-PTX和PTX均较为稳定, 各贮存条件不影响对样本浓度进行准确测定。
采用生理盐水溶解的Pro-PTX实验组, 3、4.5和6 mg·kg-1三个剂量组分别静脉注射给药后, Pro-PTX平均血药浓度-时间曲线见图 2, 主要药代动力学参数药时曲线下面积(AUC0-t) 分别为4 335.62 ± 508.06、7 866.95 ± 2 834.53和15 186.37 ± 6 596.38 ng·h·mL-1, AUC0-∞分别为4 341.26 ± 508.52、7 873.04 ± 2 832.62和15 193.78 ± 6 597.72 ng·h·mL-1, 达峰浓度(Cmax) 分别为12 475.00 ± 2 090.26、19 616 ± 6 328.80和32 541.67 ± 16 226.41 ng·mL-1, 半衰期(t1/2) 分别为1.07 ± 0.45、0.74 ± 0.19和1.78 ± 1.78 h。PTX主要药代动力学参数AUC0-t分别为285.00 ± 20.62、238.78 ± 51.39和916.47 ± 493.36 ng·h·mL-1, AUC0-∞分别为313.24 ± 25.00、339.83 ± 82.97和2 158.66 ± 2 377.09 ng·h·mL-1
采用15%羟丙基环糊精水溶液溶解的Pro-PTX实验组, 6 mg·kg-1静脉注射给药后, Pro-PTX平均血药浓度-时间曲线见图 2D, 主要药代动力学参数AUC0-t为18 740.97 ± 5 038.95 ng·h·mL-1, AUC0-∞为18 750.28 ± 5 039.11 ng·h·mL-1, Cmax为48 016.67 ± 4 407.00 ng·mL-1, t1/2为1.19 ± 0.55 h。PTX主要药代动力学参数AUC0-t为265.79 ± 92.62 ng·h·mL-1, AUC0-∞为297.19 ± 100.03 ng·h·mL-1
Pro-PTX在不同给药剂量下, 动物体内暴露量AUC0-t比值约1:1.8:3.5, Cmax比值约1:1.6:2.6, 体内暴露量与给药剂量的增加而增加。以血药浓度的对数与时间作图, 曲线呈现两段消除, 表明Pro-PTX进入体内后, 可能按多室模型进行分布和消除。对Pro-PTX给药剂量为6 mg·kg-1时, 不同溶媒的AUC0-t , 采用SPSS 25进行差异性分析。采用两组独立样本Wilcoxon秩和检验进行统计分析, P > 0.05, 表明不同溶媒时, Pro-PTX在体内的暴露量差异无统计学意义[22-28]
Pro-PTX含有酯键, 其在血浆中稳定性较差。本方法建立过程中, 考察了冰水浴、加入酯酶抑制剂、调节血浆pH值等条件, 最终确定同时含有酯酶抑制剂氟化钠(NaF, 约2 mg·mL-1) 和含0.1%的甲酸时, Pro-PTX的稳定性最好。此条件下, PTX亦能够保持稳定性。PTX极性小, 溶解性差, 而经过化学结构改造的Pro-PTX, 溶解性得到了改善, 且极性较大。两种极性相差较大的化合物, 用同一种前处理方法从生物基质中提取出来, 对于检测方法的建立, 将是一种挑战[29-32]。本文以甲基叔丁基醚作为提取试剂, 采用液液萃取方法对血浆中Pro-PTX和PTX进行提取, 发现Pro-PTX和PTX的提取效果均很差。结合灵敏度、回收率、基质效应等因素, 最终确定含0.1%甲酸的乙腈作为沉淀剂, 以4倍血浆体积的量对血浆进行沉淀处理后, 直接离心取上清进行检测分析。基质效应、回收率等的变异系数均能控制在15%以内, 方法的精密度和准确度良好。
作者贡献: 王国才负责实验方案设计与实施和论文撰写; 王相宜、肖聪聪、黄建鹏和郁萌负责实验施行、数据采集和核对; 贺玖明负责基金获得、实验监督及论文审阅。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(81974500)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(81773678)
  • 中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程资助项目(2021-1-12M-026)
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2022年第57卷第9期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0381
  • 接收时间:2022-03-30
  • 首发时间:2025-12-24
  • 出版时间:2022-09-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-03-30
  • 修回日期:2022-06-23
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(81974500)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(81773678)
中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程资助项目(2021-1-12M-026)
作者信息
    中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 国家药品监督管理局创新药物安全研究与评价重点实验室, 北京 100050

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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