Article(id=1210148016980365546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210148010437243088, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0378, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1648569600000, receivedDateStr=2022-03-30, revisedDate=1650729600000, revisedDateStr=2022-04-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766451370711, onlineDateStr=2025-12-23, pubDate=1660233600000, pubDateStr=2022-08-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766451370711, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766451370711, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766451370711, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210148010437243088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2022', volume='57', issue='8', pageStart='2245', pageEnd='2556', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766451369151, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766451533022, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210148697808179705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210148010437243088, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210148697808179706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210148010437243088, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2543, endPage=2551, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210148017374630123, articleId=1210148016980365546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Identification and characterization of flavonoid 3-O-glycosyltransferase gene CtUF3GT from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UF3GT) uses flavones, dihydroflavonol or anthocyanin as the acceptor and uridine 5′-diphosphate-sugar as the donor to catalyze the production of flavonoid 3-O-glycoside compounds. Based on sequence homology and transcriptome data, we screened and cloned a UF3GT gene named CtUF3GT (GenBank No. OM948976) from safflower. Biological information analysis demonstrate that CtUF3GT has highly conserved PSPG motif. The open reading frame of CtUF3GT is 1 446 bp, encoding 481 amino acids, with a presumed molecular weight of 52.36 kD and a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.33. Multiple sequence alignment indicate that CtUF3GT has a high homology with UF3GT from Asteraceae, and phylogenetic analysis showed that CtUF3GT clusters with functional identified UF3GTs from other species. The purified recombinant protein glucosylated kaempferol and quercetin to biosynthesis of kaempferol 3-O-glucoside and quercetin 3-O-glucoside, respectively. And CtUF3GT prefered to use kaempferol as substrate. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the UF3GT gene was most highly expressed in flowers, followed by leaves, with very low expression in bracts and stems, and no expression in roots. The expression of UF3GT gene showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing at different stages of flower development. The expression of CtUF3GT gene in safflower with different flower color was highly significant (P < 0.01) at S1, S2, S5, S6 and S7 stages of flower development, in which the expression of CtUF3GT in white safflower was 5.3 and 3.1 times higher than that in red safflower at S6 and S7 stages. This study lays the foundation for further exploring the role of CtUF3GT in the mechanism of safflower flavonoid secondary metabolite biosynthesis and accumulation.

, correspAuthors=Hui-zhen LIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2022 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zheng-wei TAN, Dan-dan LU, Lei LI, Yong-liang YU, Lan-jie XU, Wei DONG, Hong-qi YANG, Qing YANG, Chun-ming LI, Su-fang AN, Hui-zhen LIANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1210148019119460630, articleId=1210148016980365546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=红花类黄酮3-O-糖基转移酶基因CtUF3GT的克隆及功能鉴定, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

UDP-葡萄糖: 类黄酮3-O-葡萄糖基转移酶(UF3GT) 以黄酮醇、二氢黄酮醇或花青素作为受体, 以UDP-葡萄糖作为供体催化生成类黄酮3-O-糖苷类化合物。本研究以红花为材料, 基于同源比对和转录组数据分析, 筛选并克隆得到1条UF3GT基因命名为CtUF3GT (GenBank登录号OM948976)。CtUF3GT开放阅读框为1 446 bp, 编码481个氨基酸, 推测其分子质量为52.36 kD, 理论等电点为5.33。生物学信息分析表明CtUF3GT具有植物UGT家族成员特有的PSPG基序, 多重序列比对显示, CtUF3GT与来自菊科植物中的UF3GT同源性较高, 系统进化分析表明CtUF3GT与其他物种中已鉴定的UF3GT聚为一类。体外催化功能鉴定显示, CtUF3GT催化山柰酚和槲皮素生成山柰酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷和槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷, 并且对山柰酚具有较高的底物偏好性; qRT-PCR分析表明, UF3GT基因在花中表达量最高, 叶中次之, 在苞片和茎中表达量极低, 在根中无表达。在花发育的不同时期, UF3GT基因的表达量呈现先升高后降低的趋势, 白色和红色红花两个品种中CtUF3GT基因的表达量在花发育的S1、S2、S5、S6、S7时期均差异极显著(P < 0.01), 其中在S6期、S7期, 白色红花中CtUF3GT基因表达量是红色红花中的5.3倍和3.1倍。该研究为进一步探索CtUF3GT基因在红花类黄酮次生代谢产物合成积累机制中的作用奠定了基础。

, correspAuthors=梁慧珍, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*梁慧珍, Tel: 86-371-65738565, E-mail:
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Planta, 2009, 230: 871-881., articleTitle=UDP-sugar biosynthetic pathway: contribution to cyanidin 3-galactoside biosynthesis in apple skin, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1210148028435010457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148016980365546, awardId=CARS-21, language=CN, fundingSource=财政部和农业农村部“国家现代农业产业技术体系”资助(CARS-21), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1210148028523090851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148016980365546, awardId=222102110379, language=CN, fundingSource=河南省科技攻关项目(222102110379), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1210148028669891498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148016980365546, awardId=222102110466, language=CN, fundingSource=河南省科技攻关项目(222102110466), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1210148029940765626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148016980365546, awardId=2022ZC64, language=CN, fundingSource=河南省农科院自主创新专项基金(2022ZC64), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1210148030083371969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148016980365546, awardId=2021XK03, language=CN, fundingSource=河南省农科院新兴学科发展专项(2021XK03), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1210148030184035275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148016980365546, awardId=2022XK03, language=CN, fundingSource=河南省农科院新兴学科发展专项(2022XK03), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1210148030309864404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148016980365546, awardId=YDZX20214100001804, language=CN, fundingSource=河南省中央引导地方科技发展专项自由探索类项目(YDZX20214100001804), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1210148030414722013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148016980365546, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=河南省科技基础条件专项资金(药用植物小分子活性成分鉴定系统), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1210148019375313184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148016980365546, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210148019383701794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148016980365546, companyId=1210148019375313184, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210148019404673314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148016980365546, companyId=1210148019375313184, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=河南省农业科学院芝麻研究中心, 河南 郑州 450002)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1210148026476270291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148016980365546, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=DI7bZ6LM9FByx2sWnbYA/Q==, figureFileBig=3f78BQq6im5nWE+SlxG5Dw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148026593710815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148016980365546, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Schematic for the putative biosynthesis pathways of flavonoids. C4H: Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; PAL: Phenylalanine ammonia lyase; 4CL: 4-Coumaryol CoA ligase; CHS: Chalcone synthase; CGT: <i>C</i>-Glycosyltransferases; CHI: Chalcone isomerase; FSII: Flavone synthase; UGT: UDP-glycosyltransferase; F3H: Flavanone 3-hydroxylase; FLS: Flavonol synthase; DFR: Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase; ANS: Anthocyanidin synthase; LAR: Leucoanthocyanidin reductase; ANR: Anthocyanidin reductase , figureFileSmall=DI7bZ6LM9FByx2sWnbYA/Q==, figureFileBig=3f78BQq6im5nWE+SlxG5Dw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148026820203257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148016980365546, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=vAk+EtuVoIE7fNyOpYlVnQ==, figureFileBig=jXG0UYpo+VXijh4vh9VdHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148026933449473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148016980365546, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Structural functional domains prediction of CtUF3GT , figureFileSmall=vAk+EtuVoIE7fNyOpYlVnQ==, figureFileBig=jXG0UYpo+VXijh4vh9VdHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148027008946958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148016980365546, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=zBGKZ3tq9ND/vBerIfAt0Q==, figureFileBig=amXrTyTqoPvG0n2bitJIGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148027109610267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148016980365546, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Multiple sequence alignment of CtUF3GT with identified UGTs. CcF3GalT (XP_024967583.1), LsF3GalT (XP_023746647.1), GbF3GlcT (XP_023746647.1), TcF3GalT (GEU57219.1), GmUGT78K1 (NP_001304377.2), Zm3GlcT (NP_001105886.1), VvGT1 (NP_001384786.1), Sb3GT1 (QBL54224.1). The plant secondary product glycosyltransferase (PSPG) box of these aligned sequences is indicated by a black rectangle. The amino acid residues for ligands are denoted with black dots , figureFileSmall=zBGKZ3tq9ND/vBerIfAt0Q==, figureFileBig=amXrTyTqoPvG0n2bitJIGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148027227050790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148016980365546, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=51QRUKT3eWuHXhKMhC6wTQ==, figureFileBig=QxhYdtGdmycPRBVqPeIDLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148027319325486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148016980365546, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Unrooted phylogenetic tree of CtUF3GT and flavonoid glycosyltransferase amino acid sequences , figureFileSmall=51QRUKT3eWuHXhKMhC6wTQ==, figureFileBig=QxhYdtGdmycPRBVqPeIDLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148027440960311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148016980365546, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=/JNwhM6QBi5E4E3ls3L+YA==, figureFileBig=HJq7q7OnoMrTylBilnPJag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148027583566660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148016980365546, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= SDS-PAGE analysis of recombinant protein of CtUF3GT. The arrow refers to the target protein. M: Marker; 1: The total protein expression level of <i>E. coli</i> BL21 cells harboring pET30a vector; 2: The total protein of <i>E. coli</i> BL21 cells harboring pET30a-<i>CtUF3GT</i> without induced by isopropyl-beta-<i>D</i>-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG); 3: The supernatant protein of <i>E. coli</i> BL21 cells harboring pET30a-<i>CtUF3GT</i> induced by IPTG; 4: The inclusion bodies protein of <i>E. coli</i> BL21 cells harboring pET30a-<i>CtUF3GT</i> induced by IPTG , figureFileSmall=/JNwhM6QBi5E4E3ls3L+YA==, figureFileBig=HJq7q7OnoMrTylBilnPJag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148027680035665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148016980365546, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=LBNjnwSMGcbppPvIwoINMg==, figureFileBig=p86zzyexbodor1LrRoP1PA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148027793281889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148016980365546, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= HPLC analyses of enzymatic products of the CtUF3GT , figureFileSmall=LBNjnwSMGcbppPvIwoINMg==, figureFileBig=p86zzyexbodor1LrRoP1PA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148027931693928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148016980365546, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=CdUwjTAsl/6cjnFYzOPlKw==, figureFileBig=iGvnX/rCB/PdVsyxBWjAZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148028036551537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148016980365546, language=CN, label=Figure 7, caption= Relative expression levels of <i>CtUF3GT</i> in safflower with red and white color. A: Flowers at seven stages (S1-S7) from safflower with red (R) and white (W) color, Scale bars = 1 cm; B: Relative expression levels of <i>CtUF3GT</i> at the corresponding stages and in different tissues, including root (Rt), leaf (Lf), stem (St), and bract (Bt). <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 , figureFileSmall=CdUwjTAsl/6cjnFYzOPlKw==, figureFileBig=iGvnX/rCB/PdVsyxBWjAZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148028153992062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148016980365546, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primer nameSequence 5'-3'Purpose
CtUF3GT-FATGGAGGAGCTCACCACCGGGene cloning
CtUF3GT-RTCAGAGGGTGGTGCTGGTGAC
PCtUF3GT-FACAAGGCCATGGCTGATATCGGATCCATGGAGGAGCTCACCACCGGProtein expression
PCtUF3GT-RCAGTGGTGGTGGTGGTGGTGCTCGAGTCAGAGGGTGGTGCTGGTGAC
qCtUF3GT-FGACTTCATCCCTGGTTTCTCGqRT-PCR
qCtUF3GT-RGCTTTGGCTATGCTTCTTCC
Ct60S-FCATCCATTATCCAACAATCqRT-PCR internal control
Ct60S-RAAGAGTAATCAGTCTCCA
), ArticleFig(id=1210148028288209802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148016980365546, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

The primer sequences used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primer nameSequence 5'-3'Purpose
CtUF3GT-FATGGAGGAGCTCACCACCGGGene cloning
CtUF3GT-RTCAGAGGGTGGTGCTGGTGAC
PCtUF3GT-FACAAGGCCATGGCTGATATCGGATCCATGGAGGAGCTCACCACCGGProtein expression
PCtUF3GT-RCAGTGGTGGTGGTGGTGGTGCTCGAGTCAGAGGGTGGTGCTGGTGAC
qCtUF3GT-FGACTTCATCCCTGGTTTCTCGqRT-PCR
qCtUF3GT-RGCTTTGGCTATGCTTCTTCC
Ct60S-FCATCCATTATCCAACAATCqRT-PCR internal control
Ct60S-RAAGAGTAATCAGTCTCCA
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红花类黄酮3-O-糖基转移酶基因CtUF3GT的克隆及功能鉴定
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谭政委 , 鲁丹丹 , 李磊 , 余永亮 , 许兰杰 , 董薇 , 杨红旗 , 杨青 , 李春明 , 安素妨 , 梁慧珍 *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2022,57(8): 2543-2551
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2022, 57(8): 2543-2551
红花类黄酮3-O-糖基转移酶基因CtUF3GT的克隆及功能鉴定
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谭政委, 鲁丹丹, 李磊, 余永亮, 许兰杰, 董薇, 杨红旗, 杨青, 李春明, 安素妨, 梁慧珍*
作者信息
  • 河南省农业科学院芝麻研究中心, 河南 郑州 450002

通讯作者:

*梁慧珍, Tel: 86-371-65738565, E-mail:
Identification and characterization of flavonoid 3-O-glycosyltransferase gene CtUF3GT from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
Zheng-wei TAN, Dan-dan LU, Lei LI, Yong-liang YU, Lan-jie XU, Wei DONG, Hong-qi YANG, Qing YANG, Chun-ming LI, Su-fang AN, Hui-zhen LIANG*
Affiliations
  • Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
出版时间: 2022-08-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0378
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UDP-葡萄糖: 类黄酮3-O-葡萄糖基转移酶(UF3GT) 以黄酮醇、二氢黄酮醇或花青素作为受体, 以UDP-葡萄糖作为供体催化生成类黄酮3-O-糖苷类化合物。本研究以红花为材料, 基于同源比对和转录组数据分析, 筛选并克隆得到1条UF3GT基因命名为CtUF3GT (GenBank登录号OM948976)。CtUF3GT开放阅读框为1 446 bp, 编码481个氨基酸, 推测其分子质量为52.36 kD, 理论等电点为5.33。生物学信息分析表明CtUF3GT具有植物UGT家族成员特有的PSPG基序, 多重序列比对显示, CtUF3GT与来自菊科植物中的UF3GT同源性较高, 系统进化分析表明CtUF3GT与其他物种中已鉴定的UF3GT聚为一类。体外催化功能鉴定显示, CtUF3GT催化山柰酚和槲皮素生成山柰酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷和槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷, 并且对山柰酚具有较高的底物偏好性; qRT-PCR分析表明, UF3GT基因在花中表达量最高, 叶中次之, 在苞片和茎中表达量极低, 在根中无表达。在花发育的不同时期, UF3GT基因的表达量呈现先升高后降低的趋势, 白色和红色红花两个品种中CtUF3GT基因的表达量在花发育的S1、S2、S5、S6、S7时期均差异极显著(P < 0.01), 其中在S6期、S7期, 白色红花中CtUF3GT基因表达量是红色红花中的5.3倍和3.1倍。该研究为进一步探索CtUF3GT基因在红花类黄酮次生代谢产物合成积累机制中的作用奠定了基础。

红花  /  CtUF3GT  /  基因克隆  /  功能鉴定

UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UF3GT) uses flavones, dihydroflavonol or anthocyanin as the acceptor and uridine 5′-diphosphate-sugar as the donor to catalyze the production of flavonoid 3-O-glycoside compounds. Based on sequence homology and transcriptome data, we screened and cloned a UF3GT gene named CtUF3GT (GenBank No. OM948976) from safflower. Biological information analysis demonstrate that CtUF3GT has highly conserved PSPG motif. The open reading frame of CtUF3GT is 1 446 bp, encoding 481 amino acids, with a presumed molecular weight of 52.36 kD and a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.33. Multiple sequence alignment indicate that CtUF3GT has a high homology with UF3GT from Asteraceae, and phylogenetic analysis showed that CtUF3GT clusters with functional identified UF3GTs from other species. The purified recombinant protein glucosylated kaempferol and quercetin to biosynthesis of kaempferol 3-O-glucoside and quercetin 3-O-glucoside, respectively. And CtUF3GT prefered to use kaempferol as substrate. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the UF3GT gene was most highly expressed in flowers, followed by leaves, with very low expression in bracts and stems, and no expression in roots. The expression of UF3GT gene showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing at different stages of flower development. The expression of CtUF3GT gene in safflower with different flower color was highly significant (P < 0.01) at S1, S2, S5, S6 and S7 stages of flower development, in which the expression of CtUF3GT in white safflower was 5.3 and 3.1 times higher than that in red safflower at S6 and S7 stages. This study lays the foundation for further exploring the role of CtUF3GT in the mechanism of safflower flavonoid secondary metabolite biosynthesis and accumulation.

Carthamus tinctorius L.  /  CtUF3GT  /  gene cloning  /  function characterization
谭政委, 鲁丹丹, 李磊, 余永亮, 许兰杰, 董薇, 杨红旗, 杨青, 李春明, 安素妨, 梁慧珍. 红花类黄酮3-O-糖基转移酶基因CtUF3GT的克隆及功能鉴定. 药学学报, 2022 , 57 (8) : 2543 -2551 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0378
Zheng-wei TAN, Dan-dan LU, Lei LI, Yong-liang YU, Lan-jie XU, Wei DONG, Hong-qi YANG, Qing YANG, Chun-ming LI, Su-fang AN, Hui-zhen LIANG. Identification and characterization of flavonoid 3-O-glycosyltransferase gene CtUF3GT from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2022 , 57 (8) : 2543 -2551 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0378
红花(Carthamus tinctorius L.) 是菊科红花属一年生双子叶草本植物, 也是红花属中唯一的栽培种, 是一种多功能的经济作物。它的干燥花和种子在中国、韩国、日本和其他亚洲国家的传统草药中广泛使用, 用于治疗各种疾病, 如妇科、心血管和脑血管疾病, 以及血瘀和骨质疏松症等。红花栽培和药用的历史可以追溯到汉代[1, 2]。据统计, 《中国药典》2020年版中所收载成药中含有红花的就达近百种[3]
从红花中分离鉴定的天然产物已超过100种[4], 包括类黄酮、生物碱、有机酸、聚乙炔等类型的化合物, 其中类黄酮及其衍生物种类超过50种, 主要包括醌式查尔酮C-糖苷类和黄酮醇O-糖苷类化合物, 这两类化合物也是红花的主要药理活性成分。其中醌式查尔酮C糖苷类化合物如羟基红花黄色素A (hydrosafflower yellow A, HSYA) 广泛应用心脑血管疾病的治疗中[5-8], 红花中黄酮醇O-糖苷类化合物主要包括山柰酚3-O-糖苷、山柰酚7-O-糖苷、山柰酚-3, 7-二-O-糖苷、槲皮素3-O-糖苷、6-羟基槲皮素3-O-糖苷等[9-11]
类黄酮类化合物是莽草酸酯和苯丙酯途径产生的苯丙类衍生物[12], 首先, 苯丙氨酸经苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanine ammonia lyase, PAL)、肉桂酸-4-羟化酶(cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, C4H)、4-香豆酰辅酶A连接酶(4-coumaryol CoA ligase, 4CL) 等催化下生成香豆酰辅酶A, 然后与3分子的丙二酸单酰辅酶A在查尔酮合酶(chalcone synthase, CHS) 的作用下生成柚皮素查尔酮, 查尔酮异构酶(chalcone isomerase, CHI) 是红花黄酮类成分生物合成途径分支上的第一个关键酶, 可催化分子内的环化反应, 使查尔酮类结构异构形成柚皮素, 柚皮素继而在黄酮合成酶(flavone synthase Ⅱ) 作用下生成黄酮, 或者在黄烷酮3-羟化酶(flavanone 3-hydroxylase, F3H) 催化下生成二氢黄酮醇, 最终在黄酮醇合成酶(flavonol synthase, FLS)、二氢黄酮醇4-还原酶(dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, DFR)、花青素合成酶(anthocyanidin synthase, ANS)、无色花青素还原酶(leucoanthocyanidin reductase, LAR) 等作用下生成黄酮醇、无色花青素、花青素及原花青素前体儿茶酚和表儿茶酚[13] (图 1)。
糖基化修饰是植物次生代谢产物黄酮类、萜类、生物碱最为常见的修饰方式, 主要由UDP-糖基转移酶(UDP-glycosyltransferase, UGT) 催化, 其将糖基从UDP-糖转移到不同苷元。糖基化修饰可增加化合物的亲水性、化学稳定性、生物活性和亚细胞定位, 有助于化合物在细胞内和生物体内的运输和贮藏[14, 15]。UGTs C端有一个保守的PSPG (plant secondary product glycosyltransferase) 盒, 由44个氨基酸组成, 主要参与识别和结合糖供体[16]。UGTs是一个多基因编码的蛋白家族, 如在拟南芥[17]、水稻[17]、茶叶[18]和大豆[19]基因组中共注释得到中分别有119、180、178和212个UGTs。类黄酮化合物的糖基化反应主要发生在3-OH、5-OH和7-OH位置[20], 其中, UF3GT催化葡萄糖从尿苷二磷酸(UDP)-葡萄糖转移到花青素或类黄酮的3-OH上, 形成结构稳定的花色苷和类黄酮3-O-糖苷类化合物。目前已从玉米[21]、草莓[22]、大豆[19]、葡萄[23]、黄芩[24]等多种植物中克隆了UF3GT基因并对其功能进行了研究。
尽管从红花中分离鉴定了大量类黄酮糖苷类化合物, 但目前关于参与红花类黄酮糖基化修饰的相关基因研究较少。本研究从红花中克隆了类黄酮3-O-葡萄糖转移酶相关基因CtUF3GT, 对CtUF3GT蛋白序列进行了生物信息学分析, 并通过大肠杆菌异源表达和体外酶活实验, 对其催化功能进行了鉴定, 为深入研究红花类黄酮糖苷合成机制和利用基因工程手段改良红花黄糖酮苷代谢途径提供了理论基础。
材料  本实验所用管状花红色的红花品系(代号: R) 及管状花白色的红花品系(代号: W) 经课题组多代纯化, 由河南省农业科学芝麻研究中心梁慧珍研究员鉴定为红花(Carthamus tinctorius L.)。材料种植于河南省农业科学院现代农业研究开发基地, 自然条件下生长。于不同生长期, 在田间采取不同花色红花品种幼嫩根、茎、叶, 苞片和不同开花时期的花各3个生物学重复, 不同花期分别为管状花形成初期(S1)、管状花形成中期(S2)、管状花形成后期(S3)、花蕾期(S4)、初花期(S5)、盛花期(S6) 和衰落期(S7), 置于液氮中速冻处理, -80 ℃冰箱保存备用。
试剂与仪器  E. coli BL21感受态细胞、E. coli DH5α感受态细胞、pET30a Expression Vector (Invitrogen, USA) 为河南省农业科学院芝麻研究中心保存。总RNA提取Quick RNA Isolation Kit试剂盒(北京华越洋生物科技有限公司); 反转录试剂盒(TaKaRa, PrimeScriptTMRT reagent Kit with gDNA Eraser); KOD FX (东洋纺生物科技有限公司); CloneExpress®Ⅱ One Step Cloning Kit (南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司); pMD19-T和TaKaRa TB Green®Premix ExTaqTMⅡ (Tli RNaseH Plus) [宝生物工程(大连) 有限公司]; 山柰酚(kaempferol) (纯度≥ 98%)、槲皮素(quercetin) (纯度≥ 98%)、山柰酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷(纯度≥ 98%) 和槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷(纯度≥ 98%) (北京世纪奥科生物技术有限公司); UDP-葡萄糖(UDP-Glc, 上海源叶生物科技有限公司); 乙腈(Fisher Scientific, USA, HPLC grade); 咪唑、琼脂粉[生工生物工程(上海) 股份有限公司]; 其他化学试剂均购自Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) 或北京化学工业集团有限责任公司。扩增引物由河南尚亚生物技术有限公司合成。
NanoDrop 2000核酸蛋白分析仪(美国NanoDrop公司) Agilent 1260型高效液相色谱仪(美国安捷伦公司); JY-SPCT型水平电泳槽(北京君意东方电泳设备有限公司); 1658001型小型垂直电泳槽(美国Bio-Rad公司); QIAquant®实时荧光定量PCR仪(德国QIAGEN公司)。
总RNA的提取及cDNA第一链的合成  利用RNA提取试剂盒提取各组织样品的RNA。利用1.2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测提取的总RNA的质量和完整性, 测定RNA的浓度及纯度, 并将总RNA反转录为第一链cDNA。
CtUF3GT基因的克隆  根据拟南芥基因组注释信息, 提取注释为类黄酮3-O-糖基转移酶基因AtUGT78D2 (At5g17050) 氨基酸序列, 通过本地BLAST比对本研究室建立的不同组织部位的全长转录组数据库, 并结合转录组数据库GO、KOG、KEGG注释信息, 找出同源性高的候选基因H_HQ_transcript_3826, 使用PrimerPremier5软件设计特异性引物, 分别以不同花色红花盛开期红花花瓣cDNA为模板, 使用KOD酶进行PCR扩增。切胶回收并纯化目的条带, 与pMD19-T载体连接, 连接产物转化DH5α感受态细胞, PCR筛选阳性克隆, 并将菌液送往河南尚亚生物技术公司测序。
CtUF3GT基因生物信息学分析  利用NCBI在线查找软件ORF finder查找CtUF3GT的开放阅读框(ORF) 并获得对应的氨基酸序列; 通过在线软件ProtParam对CtUF3GT蛋白的氨基酸组成、分子量、理论等电点及稳定性参数进行分析, 通过NCBI的CD-Search对CtUF3GT蛋白的保守结构域进行预测分析; 用SignalP5.0和TMHMM2.0在线预测信号肽和跨膜结构域情况; 用SOPMA和SWISS-MODEL在线预测CtUF3GT蛋白的二、三级结构; 使用DNAMAN6.0软件将CtUF3GT和其同源氨基酸序列进行多重序列比对。
CtUF3GT系统进化分析  通过文献检索, 下载其他物种中类黄酮糖基转移酶序列, 主要包括黄芩(QBL54224.1, Sb3GT1)、大豆(NP_001304377.2, GmUGT78K1; BAR73279.1, GmUGT708D1)、玉米(NP_ 001105886.1, Zm3GlcT; NP_001132650.2, ZmCGT)、葡萄(NP_001384786.1, VvGT1)、苜蓿(A6XNC6.1, UGT78G1)、拟南芥(NP_197207.1, AtUGT78D2; NP_197205.1, AtUGT78D3; AAL69494, AtUGT75C1; Q9LNE6, AtUGT89C1; AEC09298, AtUGT73C6)、土当归(BAD06514.1, AcUGT78A2)、矮牵牛(BAD06514.1, PhF3GlcT)、三花龙胆(BAA12737.1, GtUF3GT; A0A0B6VIJ5, GtUF6CGT1)、荷兰鸢尾(BAD83701.1, Ih3GT)、康乃馨(BAD52005.1, DicGT1; BAD52005.1, DicGT3)、甜橙(AAS00612.2, CsUF3GT)、草莓(AAU12366.1, FaUF3GT; DQ289588, FaGT7)、金钟连翘(AAD21086.1, FiUF3GT; Q0WW21, Pf5GlcT)、苹果(AAZ79375.1, MdUF3GT)、紫苏(BAA19659.1, PfUF3GT; AAX63403.1, StUF3GT)、马铃薯(ACS15351.1, CpUF3GT)、荞麦(A0A0A1HA03.1, FeUGT708C1; A0A0A1H7N4.1, FeUGT708C2)、水稻(ABC94602.1, OsCGT)、杂三叶草(AB076698, Th5GT)、洋葱(AAP88406.1, AcUGT73J1; AAP88406.1, AcUGT73G1)、烟草(AF346431, Nt7GlcT)、甜菜(AY526080, BvUGT73A4)、红凤菜(BAP47702.1, GbF3GlcT)、除虫菊(GEU57219.1, TcF3GalT)、莴苣(XP_023746647.1, LsF3GalT) 和洋蓟(XP_024967583.1, CcF3GalT)。利用MEGA7.0软件中的Neighbor-joining方法构建CtUF3GT蛋白的系统进化树, 并通过Bootstrap方法对进化树进行检测, Bootstrap值设置为1 000。
CtUF3GT基因的原核表达  采用CloneExpress®Ⅱ One Step Cloning Kit (Vazyme) 试剂盒构建原核表达pET30a-CtUF3GT, 所用引物见表 1。将pET30a-CtUF3GT质粒转入大肠杆菌E.coli BL21, 挑取阳性克隆单菌落, 接种于10 mL含50 mg·L-1 Kan LB液体培养基中, 37 ℃、200 r·min-1培养6 h, 然后按照1∶100比例, 加入到200 mL新鲜含有50 mg·L-1 Kan的LB液体培养基中, 37 ℃、200 r·min-1至菌液OD600达0.6~0.8左右, 加入异丙基硫代半乳糖苷(isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside, IPTG) 至终浓度为0.5 mmol·L-1, 将摇床温度调至16 ℃诱导培养12 h, E. coli BL21 [pET30a] 作为空白对照。诱导完成后, 4 ℃、5 000 r·min-1离心10 min, 收集菌体。用预冷的ddH2O清洗菌液2次, 菌体悬浮于缓冲液(50 mmol·L-1 Tris-HCl、1 mol·L-1 EDTA、10%甘油、1 mmol·L-1苯甲基磺酰氟) 中, 超声波细胞破碎机超声破碎, 然后4 ℃、13 000 r·min-1离心10 min, 上清液即为蛋白粗提物。取蛋白粗提物和离心后沉淀加入上样缓冲液混匀, 沸水浴5~10 min、12 000 r·min-1离心5 min, 上样10 μL进行SDS-PAGE电泳, 电泳结束后将胶置于考马斯亮蓝染色1 h, 用脱色液进行脱色, 检测蛋白表达情况。
体外酶促反应与检测  在200 µL反应体系中进行CtUF3GT的催化活性测定。取干净的2 mL玻璃进样瓶, 加入50 mmol·L-1 Tris-HCl (pH 7.4)、300 μmol·L-1受体底物山柰酚和槲皮素、20 mmol·L-1供体(UDP-Glc)、15 µg粗蛋白, 轻微震荡混匀, 30 ℃、150 r·min-1摇床反应8 h。反应结束后, 向其中加入2倍体积的甲醇终止反应, 振荡混匀后, 10 000 r·min-1离心10 min, 取上清, 使用HPLC检测。
HPLC分析  使用Agilent 1260液相色谱仪, 色谱柱为Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm), 流动相为乙腈(A)-0.1%磷酸(B) 梯度洗脱, 洗脱程序为: 0~10 min, 20%~40% A; 10~15 min, 40%~45% A; 15~15.5 min, 45%~45% A; 15.5~16.5 min, 45%~20% A; 16.5~21 min, 20%~20% A, 其中流速全部为1 mL·min-1, 柱温30 ℃, 进样量10 µL, 紫外检测波长为320 nm。
实时荧光定量PCR  通过qRT-PCR技术检测CtUF3GT基因在红花不同组织、花发育不同时期的表达情况, 使用PrimerPremier5软件设计定量引物(表 1), 内参基因Ct60S引物序列参考文献[25]。每个荧光定量PCR反应重复3次。数据通过2-ΔΔCT相对定量法对基因进行表达水平分析, 结果以3个生物重复的平均值± SD值表示, 用Student's t-test对两个品种间表达量进行显著性分析, P < 0.05表示差异具有显著性。
通过RT-PCR进行目的基因扩增, PCR产物经1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳进行检测, 电泳条带在1 500 bp处, 与目的基因片段大小吻合, 经测序拼接后, 该基因全长1 446 bp。在NCBI上通过blastx比对发现该基因与其他物种的类黄酮3-O-糖基转移酶家族成员具有高度同源性, 命名为CtUF3GT, 并将序列提交至NCBI (GenBank登录号OM948976)。
根据CtUF3GT基因cDNA全长序列, 用ORF-finder在线软件推测其编码481个氨基酸残基, 通过Prot Param软件在线预测CtUF3GT蛋白的理化性状进行预测, CtUF3GT蛋白相对分子质量为52 357.69, 理论等电点为5.33, 分子式为C2373H3658N614O695S14, 氨基酸组成及比例分析表明, Leu数量最多, 占9.4%, Trp数量最少, 占0.8%, 脂肪系数为84.5, 总平均亲水性(grand average of hydropathiaty, GRAVY) 为-0.075, 不稳定指数为47.19, 体外半衰期约为30 h, 初步推断CtUF3GT为不稳定的亲水性蛋白。通过PSORT对CtUF3GT蛋白的亚细胞定位分析表明, 该蛋白定位于线粒体、细胞质、细胞核和过氧化物酶体的可能性分别为52.2%、30.4%、13%和4.3%。利用SignalP5.0和TMHMM2.0对其信号肽和跨膜结构域分析表明CtUF3GT蛋白无信号肽和跨膜结构域。
用NCBI的CD-Search分析CtUF3GT蛋白的功能结构域, 结果显示CtUF3GT蛋白具有UDP-葡醛酸基/葡萄糖基转移酶保守域(UDPGT), 该结构域具有GTB家族共有的拓扑学Rossmann结构(图 2)。通过多重序列比对显示CtUF3GT蛋白含有一个由44个氨基酸构成的糖基转移酶的保守域PSPG盒, 该保守序列被认为是结合糖基供体的区域, 并且PSPG盒的最后一个残基是谷氨酰氨(Q), 这个氨基酸残基是识别UDP-Glc的关键残基(图 3)。
通过ExPASY中的SOPMA工具预测CtUF3GT蛋白二级结构, 结果显示CtUF3GT蛋白由41.33%的α-螺旋, 38.12%的无规则卷曲, 16.46%的延伸连和7.08%的β-转角构成。通过SWISS-MODEL对CtUF3GT蛋白结构域三维空间结构域进行预测分析, 结果显示CtUF3GT蛋白与葡萄的UDP-葡萄糖: 类黄酮3-O-糖基转移酶(UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glycosyltransferase, VvGT1) 2c1x.1.A序列一致性为54.46%, 覆盖度为0.81。
在线blastp比对结果表明CtUF3GT蛋白与同科植物洋蓟(Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus)、矢车菊(Centaurea cyanus L.) 莴苣(Lactuca sativa) 中的糖基转移酶相似性最高, 分别为83.68%、82.43%和73.80%。通过文献检索和蛋白数据库搜索, 得到其他物种中通过酶活性鉴定的类黄酮糖糖基转移酶氨基酸序列, 利用MEGA7.0软件中的邻接法构建系统进化树(图 4), 结果显示系统进化树将这些蛋白聚为4大类, 并且具有相同底物特性的蛋白聚为一类, CtUF3GT与其他物种中类黄酮3-O-糖基转移酶聚为一类, 并且与洋蓟(Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus)、莴苣(Lactuca sativa)、红凤菜(Gynura bicolor)、除虫菊(Tanacetum cinerariifolium) 亲缘关系较近(图 4)。
将pET30a-CtUF3GT原核表达载体转入大肠杆菌原核表达菌株BL21中, 如图 5所示, 与空载体和未诱导的重组蛋白相比, 经IPTG诱导的重组蛋白pET30a-CtUF3GT在60 kD处有一明显的蛋白条带, 去除载体pET30a自身表达的蛋白质大小, 结果与预期目的蛋白大小一致, 说明CtUF3GT基因在大肠杆菌BL21中成功表达(图 5)。
以山柰酚和槲皮素为底物, 以UDP-Glc为糖基供体, 在酶促反应体系中分别加入pET30-CtUF3GT重组蛋白上清液和空载体蛋白上清液, 反应完成后, 将产物通过HPLC进行检测, 结果显示CtUF3GT可以催化山柰酚和槲皮素生成山柰酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷和槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷, 产物比例为95.6:4.4, 说明CtUF3GT对山柰酚具有较高的底物特异性(图 6)。
利用qRT-PCR对花色为白色和红色红花盛花期根、茎、叶、花(S5期)、苞片等组织部位的基因表达水平进行定量分析, 结果显示, CtUF3GT基因在花中表达量最高, 其次是叶, 在苞片和茎中有微量表达, 在根中无表达, 其表达模式与山柰酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷主要在花中积累模式相一致。
随着花发育的进程, CtUF3GT基因在两个品种中都出现先升高后降低的趋势, 其中, 红色红花中S5期表达量最高, 在S3期表达量相对较低, 白色红花中S6期表达量最高, S1期表达量最低, 其次, 两个品种中CtUF3GT基因的表达量在花发育的S1、S2、S5、S6、S7时期差异极显著(P < 0.01), 其中在S6期、S7期, 白色红花中CtUF3GT基因表达量是红色红花中的5.3倍和3.1倍(图 7)。
UGTs介导的天然产物糖基化是次生代谢产物生物合成中最广泛存在的一种修饰方式, 也是植物细胞维持代谢平衡的主要机制之一, 决定了次级代谢产物的水溶性、生物活性、稳定性、毒性、运输性及亚细胞定位等, 此外, 糖基化修饰也是植物次生代谢物多样性形成的主要机制[26]
目前从红花中分离得到的黄酮类化合物多数是以糖苷形式存在, 并且在不同花色红花中因其类黄酮所含种类不同, 在中医药应用方面也有所差异, 在花色为白色的红花中以黄酮醇及糖苷类化合物为主, 主要用于脑缺血损伤类疾病治疗, 在花色为红色、橙色红花中则富含醌式查尔酮C-糖苷类化合物, 主要用于心肌缺血损伤类疾病治疗[11, 25, 27, 28], 目前类黄酮合成相关的多个结构基因如CHS[29]、F3H[25]、花青素还原酶(anthocyanidin reductase, ANR)[30]等基因已从红花中分离出来, 但是国内外关于红花类黄酮合成修饰相关的糖基转移酶的研究相对较少。UGTs是由一个多基因编码的蛋白家族, 每个UGT对底物、糖基供体都有一定的特异性, 本研究从红花中成功克隆得到红花类黄酮糖基转移酶基因家族成员之一CtUF3GT, 并对其序列进行了生物信息学分析, UGTs根据空间结构不同, 可以分为GT-A型折叠和GT-B型折叠, 通过保守结构域表明CtUF3GT属于GT-B型, 这与植物中已报道的大多数UGTs类似[31]。根据参与类黄酮糖基化的区域选择性不同, 将糖基转移酶分为3类: UF3GT、UF5GT和UF7GT[32], 基于其他物种已报道并通过生化功能鉴定的UGTs氨基酸序列系统进化分析表明, CtUF3GT与类黄酮3-OH糖基转移酶聚为一类。本研究通过生物信息学分析发现, 与已有研究认为植物UGTs大多定位于细胞质中参与植物次生代谢产物的修饰不同, CtUF3GT定位于线粒体、细胞质可能性较大, 另外, 也有部分研究显示UF3GT定位于细胞膜和细胞核中[33], 所以CtUF3GT的精确定位有待于进一步研究。
基于在其他物种中已克隆并通过活性鉴定的UGTs氨基酸系统分析发现, CtUF3GT与植物中的3-OH糖基转移酶聚为一类, 蛋白三级结构预测显示, CtUF3GT与葡萄中UDP-葡萄糖: 类黄酮3-糖基转移酶相似度最高。大量的进化分析及生化功能鉴定研究表明, GT-B型糖基转移酶的N端同源性较低, 而C端的同源性较高, 通常在C末端存在一个由44个氨基酸残基构成的PSPG盒, 其中氨基酸序列HCGWNS高度保守, 该保守序列被认为是糖基转移酶与糖基供体识别结合的位点, 大量定点突变实验研究表明, PSPG盒中的最后一个氨基酸残基(第44位) 对植物UGT的糖基供体偏好至关重要, 谷氨酰胺(Q) 优先以UDP-葡萄糖为糖基供体, 而组氨酸(H) 则优先以UDP-半乳糖为糖基供体[18, 33], 本研究所克隆得到的CtUF3GT序列PSPG盒的最后一个氨基酸为Q, 通过体外生化实验也进一步证明了CtUF3GT以UDP-葡萄糖为糖基供体时催化产物效率较高。
在其他植物类黄酮研究中发现, UGT的表达模式具有组织特性, 与其催化产物的积累模式具有高度一致性[34], 这种特性也被广泛应用于植物糖基转移酶候选基因的筛选中, Tu等[25]和Wang等[11]的研究表明, 在白色红花中山柰酚3-O-葡萄糖苷的含量较高, 本研究表明, CtUF3GT基因表达也具有高度的组织特性, 在花中表达量最高, 在其他组织部位中表达量较低, 这与山柰酚3-O-葡萄糖苷主要在花中积累模式相一致, 并且不同花色红花基因表达量分析表明, 该基因在白色红花中表达量较高。此外, 还比较了白色和红色红花品种中CtUF3GT氨基酸序列, 它们的氨基酸序列并无差异。
综述所述, 本研究克隆红花类黄酮3-O-糖基转移酶基因CtUF3GT, 并对基因的生物信息学、表达特性及编码蛋白的催化特性进行了综合分析, 为CtUF3GT基因的后续研究和微生物合成红花类黄酮3-O-糖苷提供了候选基因, 也为深入研究红花类黄酮合成机制提供参考。
作者贡献: 谭政委设计了本实验, 完成数据分析、论文初稿写作; 鲁丹丹、李磊、余永亮、许兰杰、董薇、杨红旗、杨青、李春明、安素妨完成了红花取样、基因克隆、原核表达、酶催化活性鉴定和qRT-PCR等相关实验; 梁慧珍指导论文写作与修改。
利益冲突: 无任何利益冲突。
  • 财政部和农业农村部“国家现代农业产业技术体系”资助(CARS-21)
  • 河南省科技攻关项目(222102110379)
  • 河南省科技攻关项目(222102110466)
  • 河南省农科院自主创新专项基金(2022ZC64)
  • 河南省农科院新兴学科发展专项(2021XK03)
  • 河南省农科院新兴学科发展专项(2022XK03)
  • 河南省中央引导地方科技发展专项自由探索类项目(YDZX20214100001804)
  • 河南省科技基础条件专项资金(药用植物小分子活性成分鉴定系统)
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0378
  • 接收时间:2022-03-30
  • 首发时间:2025-12-23
  • 出版时间:2022-08-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-03-30
  • 修回日期:2022-04-24
基金
财政部和农业农村部“国家现代农业产业技术体系”资助(CARS-21)
河南省科技攻关项目(222102110379)
河南省科技攻关项目(222102110466)
河南省农科院自主创新专项基金(2022ZC64)
河南省农科院新兴学科发展专项(2021XK03)
河南省农科院新兴学科发展专项(2022XK03)
河南省中央引导地方科技发展专项自由探索类项目(YDZX20214100001804)
河南省科技基础条件专项资金(药用植物小分子活性成分鉴定系统)
作者信息
    河南省农业科学院芝麻研究中心, 河南 郑州 450002

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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