Article(id=1210148017383018732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210148010437243088, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0237, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1645632000000, receivedDateStr=2022-02-24, revisedDate=1648396800000, revisedDateStr=2022-03-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766451370806, onlineDateStr=2025-12-23, pubDate=1660233600000, pubDateStr=2022-08-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766451370806, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766451370806, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766451370806, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210148010437243088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2022', volume='57', issue='8', pageStart='2245', pageEnd='2556', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766451369151, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766451533022, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210148697808179705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210148010437243088, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210148697808179706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210148010437243088, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2399, endPage=2404, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210148018251239671, articleId=1210148017383018732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Anti-obesity effect of 11β-HSD1 inhibitor equisetin on ob/ob mice, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Equisetin (EQST) belongs to polyketide (PKS)-nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) type compound with an inhibitory effect of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) enzyme activity. This study investigated anti-obesity effect and insulin resistance improvement effect of EQST on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced ob/ob mice model. EQST treatment effectively reduced the body weight gain, fat weight gain and blood lipid content of model mice. All animal experiments were approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Capital Institute of Pediatrics. EQST alleviated adipose tissue expansion and hepatic ballooning degeneration of model mice, and also effectively controlled the blood glucose content after glucose load and insulin load, showed a significant improvement in obesity and insulin resistance. EQST inhibited adipogenic proteins fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and upregulated thermogenic protein (uncoupling protein 1, UCP1) through suppressing 11β-HSD1 protein expression. In addition, EQST widely upregulates mitochondrial respiratory metabolism related proteins in adipose tissue and may improve insulin resistance through phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. Therefore, EQST plays an anti-obesity role by promoting adipose tissue thermogenesis and improving insulin resistance, which may provide reliable clues for improving obesity and diabetes.

, correspAuthors=Peng GUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2022 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xue REN, Peng GUO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1210148019509530922, articleId=1210148017383018732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=11β-HSD1抑制剂伊快霉素对ob/ob小鼠的抗肥胖作用研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

伊快霉素(equisetin, EQST) 是海洋来源的半萜类化合物, 能有效抑制11β-羟甾体脱氢酶1 (11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1, 11β-HSD1) 的酶活性。本研究在整体动物水平考察了EQST对肥胖ob/ob小鼠模型的抗肥胖作用和胰岛素抵抗改善作用。所有动物实验均经首都儿科研究所伦理委员会批准。EQST有效降低肥胖ob/ob小鼠的体重和脂肪重增长及血清脂质水平, 改善了肥胖小鼠的脂肪细胞肥大和肝脏空泡变性, 并有效控制肥胖小鼠葡萄糖负荷及胰岛素负荷后的血糖水平, 表现出良好的抗肥胖和缓解胰岛素抵抗药效。EQST通过抑制11β-HSD1蛋白表达来抑制脂肪结合蛋白4 (fatty acid-binding protein 4, FABP4) 和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ (peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ, PPARγ) 蛋白的表达, 并促进产热蛋白(uncoupling protein 1, UCP1) 的表达。此外, EQST上调大量脂肪组织线粒体呼吸代谢相关蛋白, 并可能通过磷酸肌醇-3-激酶(phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, PI3K) 通路改善肥胖小鼠的胰岛素抵抗作用。因此, EQST通过促进脂肪组织产热和改善胰岛素抵抗来发挥抗肥胖作用, 或将为改善肥胖与糖尿病等疾病提供可靠的药物资源。

, correspAuthors=郭鹏, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*郭鹏, Tel: 13910125257, E-mail:
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A: Terminal body weight; B: Change in body weight; C: Lee's index; D: Total fat ratio; E: Serum content of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c). <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</span> ± <i>s</i>, <i>n</i> = 6. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001. ns: Not significant; M: Model , figureFileSmall=DBWHye5WIDycrYosv0qZhw==, figureFileBig=TR1q3gWPXLYUmmqumvP99Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148023259238879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148017383018732, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=l78iUr9RmtonWvVNYN+itA==, figureFileBig=KRrn1WnHwS3XiyZ2Fi55XA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148023368290794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148017383018732, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= EQST elevated insulin sensitivity in <i>ob/ob</i> mice. Mice were treated with EQST, ORL or vehicle 30 min before orally administrated with glucose or injected with insulin, then blood glucose was determined at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. 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A: Immunoblotting against the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors <i>γ</i> (PPAR<i>γ</i>), fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) proteins; B: Immunoblotting against the 11<i>β</i>-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11<i>β</i>-HSD1) proteins. <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</span> ± <i>s</i>, <i>n</i> = 3. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 , figureFileSmall=nME6hpyjujB6V8xrcna62Q==, figureFileBig=YwpQJvvWOCQGb9SRtM5Z+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148023934521902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148017383018732, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=x6m2q42uLcqOTiN/gfhW+g==, figureFileBig=ZlX1A3DNEaOg2okQMs7fqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148024035185213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148017383018732, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= EQST promoted mitochondrial respiratory metabolism of epididymal adipose tissue in <i>ob/ob</i> mice. 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11β-HSD1抑制剂伊快霉素对ob/ob小鼠的抗肥胖作用研究
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任雪 , 郭鹏 *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2022,57(8): 2399-2404
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2022, 57(8): 2399-2404
11β-HSD1抑制剂伊快霉素对ob/ob小鼠的抗肥胖作用研究
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任雪, 郭鹏*
作者信息
  • 首都儿科研究所, 北京 100020

通讯作者:

*郭鹏, Tel: 13910125257, E-mail:
Anti-obesity effect of 11β-HSD1 inhibitor equisetin on ob/ob mice
Xue REN, Peng GUO*
Affiliations
  • Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
出版时间: 2022-08-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0237
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伊快霉素(equisetin, EQST) 是海洋来源的半萜类化合物, 能有效抑制11β-羟甾体脱氢酶1 (11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1, 11β-HSD1) 的酶活性。本研究在整体动物水平考察了EQST对肥胖ob/ob小鼠模型的抗肥胖作用和胰岛素抵抗改善作用。所有动物实验均经首都儿科研究所伦理委员会批准。EQST有效降低肥胖ob/ob小鼠的体重和脂肪重增长及血清脂质水平, 改善了肥胖小鼠的脂肪细胞肥大和肝脏空泡变性, 并有效控制肥胖小鼠葡萄糖负荷及胰岛素负荷后的血糖水平, 表现出良好的抗肥胖和缓解胰岛素抵抗药效。EQST通过抑制11β-HSD1蛋白表达来抑制脂肪结合蛋白4 (fatty acid-binding protein 4, FABP4) 和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ (peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ, PPARγ) 蛋白的表达, 并促进产热蛋白(uncoupling protein 1, UCP1) 的表达。此外, EQST上调大量脂肪组织线粒体呼吸代谢相关蛋白, 并可能通过磷酸肌醇-3-激酶(phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, PI3K) 通路改善肥胖小鼠的胰岛素抵抗作用。因此, EQST通过促进脂肪组织产热和改善胰岛素抵抗来发挥抗肥胖作用, 或将为改善肥胖与糖尿病等疾病提供可靠的药物资源。

伊快霉素  /  ob/ob小鼠  /  肥胖  /  胰岛素抵抗  /  11β-羟甾体脱氢酶1抑制剂

Equisetin (EQST) belongs to polyketide (PKS)-nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) type compound with an inhibitory effect of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) enzyme activity. This study investigated anti-obesity effect and insulin resistance improvement effect of EQST on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced ob/ob mice model. EQST treatment effectively reduced the body weight gain, fat weight gain and blood lipid content of model mice. All animal experiments were approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Capital Institute of Pediatrics. EQST alleviated adipose tissue expansion and hepatic ballooning degeneration of model mice, and also effectively controlled the blood glucose content after glucose load and insulin load, showed a significant improvement in obesity and insulin resistance. EQST inhibited adipogenic proteins fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and upregulated thermogenic protein (uncoupling protein 1, UCP1) through suppressing 11β-HSD1 protein expression. In addition, EQST widely upregulates mitochondrial respiratory metabolism related proteins in adipose tissue and may improve insulin resistance through phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. Therefore, EQST plays an anti-obesity role by promoting adipose tissue thermogenesis and improving insulin resistance, which may provide reliable clues for improving obesity and diabetes.

equisetin  /  ob/ob mouse  /  obesity  /  insulin resistance  /  11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 inhibitor
任雪, 郭鹏. 11β-HSD1抑制剂伊快霉素对ob/ob小鼠的抗肥胖作用研究. 药学学报, 2022 , 57 (8) : 2399 -2404 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0237
Xue REN, Peng GUO. Anti-obesity effect of 11β-HSD1 inhibitor equisetin on ob/ob mice[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2022 , 57 (8) : 2399 -2404 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0237
肥胖已成为一种全球性流行病, 长期肥胖可能引发高脂血症、2型糖尿病、心血管疾病等一系列代谢性疾病[1], 给社会经济增长带来了巨大负担, 研发新型有效的抗肥胖药物已成为市场的需求。
伊快霉素(equisetin, EQST) 是一种聚酮-非核糖体肽合成酶杂合途径(PKS-NRPS)类化合物[2], 可靶向抑制脂肪组织中11β-羟甾体脱氢酶1(11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1, 11β-HSD1)的酶活性来发挥抗肥胖药效, 具有较好的安全性, 显示出极大的成药潜力。本研究利用ob/ob肥胖小鼠模型, 灌胃给予EQST。通过检测抗肥胖药效学指标并结合脂肪组织蛋白质组定量分析, 验证EQST的抗肥胖药效, 并探索EQST对脂肪组织的改变, 为EQST的抗肥胖研究提供数据支持。
主要仪器和实验材料    罗氏血糖仪、垂直电泳仪及凝胶成像仪(美国Bio-Rad公司); EQST(纯度≥ 98%, 北京大学医学部提供); 正常饮食(chow, 10 kcal%脂肪, D12450B)、高能饲料(HFD, 60 kcal%脂肪, D12492)(美国Research Diets公司); 脂肪酸结合蛋白4(fatty acid-binding protein 4, FABP4)抗体、解偶联蛋白1(uncoupling protein 1, UCP1)抗体、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活物(peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ, PPARγ)抗体、11β-HSD1抗体、β-微管蛋白(β-tubulin)抗体(美国Cell Signaling Technology公司); 奥利司他(orlistat, ORL, 美国MedChemExpress公司)。
实验动物分组与饲养    SPF级8周龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠和ob/ob小鼠购自北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司。动物随机分配至4组, 每组6只, 正常饮食(chow)喂养, 每日灌胃给予EQST(80 mg·kg-1·d-1), 实验共6周, 阳性对照组每日灌胃给予等剂量的抗肥胖药物ORL, 野生组(C57组)和对照组(model组)每日灌胃给予等量蒸馏水。每周监测1次体重。所有动物实验均经首都儿科研究所伦理委员会批准。
口服葡萄糖耐量实验(oral glucose tolerance test, OGTT)和胰岛素耐量实验(insulin tolerance test, ITT)
OGTT    小鼠禁食12 h, 灌胃给药后30 min剪尾取血, 用罗氏血糖仪测定小鼠血糖(0 min), 随后立即灌胃给予葡萄糖溶液(0.2 g·mL-1), 记录给予葡萄糖后30、60、90和120 min的小鼠血糖值。
ITT    小鼠前一夜禁食12 h, 灌胃给药后30 min剪尾取血, 用罗氏血糖仪测量小鼠血糖(0 min), 随后立即灌胃给予葡萄糖溶液(0.2 g·mL-1), 再立即腹腔注射胰岛素(0.75 U·10 mL·kg-1), 记录给予葡萄糖后30、60、90和120 min小鼠血糖值。
取材    实验结束时, 动物禁食12 h, 称量小鼠体重后摘眼球取血收集血样。脱颈椎处死后量取体长并记录。打开小鼠胸腔暴露内脏脂肪组织并拍照记录脂肪情况, 分别收集肝脏、附睾脂肪、腹膜后脂肪并称重。暴露小鼠肩胛处皮下脂肪组织, 拍照记录后收集皮下脂肪组织并称重。组织样本部分固定于4%(v/v)多聚甲醛, 部分经液氮速冻后转入-80 ℃保存。血样在4 ℃下以3 000 r·min-1转速离心20 min, 收集上层血清, 经液氮速冻后转入-80 ℃保存, 以备日后分析。
血清生化指标测定    血清样品解冻后, 使用总胆固醇(total cholesterol, TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride, TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-c)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-c)检测试剂盒(中国南京建成生物科技公司), 按照说明书方法分别测量血清TC、TG、LDL-c、HDL-c水平。
苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin, H&E)染色法    固定后的组织块用生理盐水冲洗数小时后, 制作石蜡切片, 进行H&E染色后, 在显微镜下观察脂肪细胞的大小、数目及肝脏的空泡变形情况。
Western blot检测脂质相关蛋白表达    采用蛋白提取试剂盒提取附睾脂肪组织总蛋白, 按BCA蛋白定量试剂盒说明书检测蛋白浓度, 蛋白样品按7 μL每孔点样, 经SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳分离后, 恒流300 mA、120 min转移至PVDF膜上。PVDF膜浸于10% BSA溶液中室温封闭2 h后, 加入稀释好的一抗, 4 ℃孵育过夜。洗膜后加入稀释好的二抗室温孵育2 h。充分洗膜后使用试剂盒进行化学发光, 置于凝胶成像仪中成像, 曝光, 保存图片。用Image J软件分析条带灰度值。
基于串联质谱标签技术的蛋白质组分析    提取附睾脂肪组织全蛋白, 基于串联质谱标签技术的蛋白质组分析委托北京华大蛋白质研发中心有限公司完成。
数据分析    实验结果以均值±标准差($ \stackrel{-}{x} $ ± s)表示, 利用SPSS17.0软件采用双尾t检验(two-tailed Student's t-test)方法进行统计学分析, 样本比较采用方差检验, P < 0.05为差异具有统计学意义。数据图表以GraphPad Prism 7绘制。
本研究首先在ob/ob小鼠模型中重新验证了EQST的抗肥胖药效。C57小鼠和ob/ob小鼠正常喂养, 同时每日灌胃给予EQST、阳性药ORL[3]或等量蒸馏水6周。如图 1所示, 与C57小鼠相比, 模型组ob/ob小鼠的体重与体脂显著增加, 血清TC、TG及LDL-c显著增加。但EQST治疗与阳性药ORL治疗均缓解了ob/ob小鼠的体重增长, 并有效降低了ob/ob小鼠的体脂, 包括TC、TG、LDL-c等指标在内的血清脂质水平也显著下降。这些结果表明EQST有效改善了ob/ob小鼠的肥胖症。
在连续给药第6周时, 对ob/ob组小鼠进行OGTT及ITT实验, 以此研究EQST对肥胖小鼠胰岛素敏感性的影响。如图 2所示, 在葡萄糖灌胃前后, EQST治疗组与ORL治疗组小鼠的血糖水平始终低于模型组ob/ob小鼠; 在胰岛素腹腔注射后, 模型组ob/ob小鼠的血糖在60 min时才出现小幅度的下降, 表现出明显的胰岛素抵抗, 而EQST治疗组与ORL治疗组的血糖水平在30 min内下降约40%, 并在30~60 min内逐渐回升, 表明EQST治疗与ORL治疗均提升了肥胖ob/ob小鼠的胰岛素敏感性。此外, 在同等给药剂量下, EQST显示出比ORL更好的血糖控制能力。
胰岛素抵抗可促进肝脏的脂质合成, 诱导肝脏脂质毒性[4]。因此, 研究了肥胖模型下小鼠的肝脏情况。如图 3所示, 与对照组C57小鼠相比, 模型组ob/ob小鼠的白色皮下脂肪细胞体积增大。EQST治疗和ORL治疗均使ob/ob小鼠的白色皮下脂肪细胞恢复至对照组大小。模型组ob/ob小鼠肝脏中发现明显的气泡样变性, 而EQST治疗和ORL治疗均大幅改善了模型小鼠的气泡变性; 且在同等剂量下, EQST显示出比ORL更好的肝变性改善能力。
为探究EQST对肥胖及血糖的改善机制, 进一步检测了内脏脂肪组织中相关蛋白的表达。结果显示, EQST有效降低了脂肪合成蛋白FABP4和PPARγ[5]的表达, 而与产热相关的解偶联蛋白1(UCP1)[6]被EQST显著上调, 这些数据提示, EQST可能通过促进ob/ob小鼠的能量消耗, 抑制脂肪形成来改善肥胖。报道显示EQST是11β-HSD1[7]的抑制剂, 作者检测了内脏脂肪组织中11β-HSD1蛋白的表达情况, 发现EQST同样显著下调了11β-HSD1蛋白(图 4)。基于这些结果, 推测EQST通过抑制11β-HSD1蛋白的表达来改善ob/ob肥胖小鼠的脂肪组织稳态。
为探究EQST改善肥胖ob/ob小鼠胰岛素敏感性的作用机制, 进一步提取了小鼠内脏脂肪组织的全蛋白, 基于串联质谱标签技术对蛋白分子进行了定量。如图 5所示, 与模型组相比, EQST给药上调了电子转移黄素蛋白α肽(electron transfer flavoprotein alpha polypeptide, ETFA)、电子转移黄素蛋白β肽(electron transfer flavoprotein beta polypeptide, ETFB)[8]、琥珀酸脱氢酶复合体A亚基(succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit A, SDHA)[9]等许多线粒体呼吸链相关蛋白的表达。同时大量差异表达蛋白均富集到线粒体相关的GO(gene ontology)条目上, 如细胞组分中线粒体呼吸链相关条目、生物过程中呼吸电子传递链条目以及分子功能中NADH脱氢酶活性和电子转移酶活性等条目上。此外, 经EQST上调的蛋白也在KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes)数据库中富集到产热、脂肪酸代谢等通路, 表明EQST给药促进了ob/ob肥胖小鼠内脏脂肪组织的呼吸代谢, 增加了能量消耗。
此外, PI3K信号通路在胰岛素抵抗中具有重要作用[4, 10]。EQST上调的蛋白也富集到PI3K和胰岛素抵抗相关通路, 表明EQST可能通过PI3K途径改善肥胖ob/ob小鼠的胰岛素抵抗。
脂肪组织在肥胖的发展中具有重要作用, 开发出靶向于脂肪组织的抗肥胖化合物将有助于缓解肥胖带来的巨大社会负担。本研究在ob/ob肥胖小鼠中验证了海洋来源化合物EQST的抗肥胖功效, 并发现EQST或可通过影响脂肪组织呼吸能量代谢、干扰PI3K信号通路发挥抗肥胖作用。
长期的能量过剩环境下, 脂肪组织过度膨胀导致的体重、体脂和血脂的增长是肥胖的经典标志之一[1, 11]。在本研究中, EQST治疗显著降低了肥胖ob/ob小鼠的体重增量、体脂比率和血脂水平, 表明EQST对饮食诱导的肥胖具有显著的改善作用。能量可刺激白色脂肪细胞肥大, 体积膨大将降低白色脂肪细胞对外界信号的响应能力, 从而加剧能量刺激下的脂肪组织紊乱[11]。米色脂肪细胞是一类表达高水平产热蛋白UCP1的产热脂肪细胞, 可促使脂肪以热量的形式耗散能量[6, 12]。促进白色脂肪细胞向米色脂肪细胞的转变已被认为是改善肥胖的重要策略之一[1, 6]。在本研究中, EQST有效缩减了肥胖小鼠内脏白色脂肪细胞的大小。EQST下调了11β-HSD1、FABP4和PPARγ等脂质合成相关蛋白, 并显著增加了米色化标记UCP1及SDHA、ETFA、ETFB等能量呼吸相关蛋白的表达, UCP1的上调提示EQST可能促进了内脏白色脂肪组织的米色化, 表明EQST减少了脂肪细胞的脂质合成, 增强了整体脂肪组织的呼吸能量代谢, 从而有效缓解了白色脂肪细胞的膨大, 并进一步改善了肥胖, 与本实验室先前研究结论一致[13]
11β-HSD1广泛表达于肝脏、脂肪组织、肌肉、胰岛、成人大脑、炎症细胞和性腺中, 可催化活性糖皮质激素(皮质醇和皮质酮) 在特定组织中再生, 如肝脏、脂肪和大脑。研究表明, 肥胖人群和啮齿动物的脂肪组织中11β-HSD1的活性选择性升高, 导致代谢并发症, 11β-HSD1的缺乏或选择性抑制可改善啮齿动物模型和人体临床试验中的多种代谢综合征参数, 并随年龄的增长改善认知功能[14]。选择性11β-HSD1抑制剂的开发为探索一些常见疾病的新方法提供了新机会。本研究结果表明EQST可有效改善ob/ob小鼠的肥胖症状, 并显著下调了小鼠内脏脂肪组织中11β-HSD1的蛋白表达, 提示EQST的抗肥胖作用或是由11β-HSD1介导的, 与本实验室的前期研究结果一致[13]
PI3K途径是胰岛素刺激脂肪细胞摄取葡萄糖的重要信号途径, 在维持血糖平衡方面具有重要作用[15]。而肥胖状况下的脂质储存将诱导胰岛素抵抗, 降低脂肪组织在禁食或喂食条件下的响应能力, 进一步诱导肝脏和肌肉产生胰岛素抵抗, 最终加剧肥胖的发生[10, 15]。在本研究中, EQST有效控制了葡萄糖负荷后及胰岛素负荷后的血糖水平, 表现出良好的血糖控制能力。对脂肪组织内差异表达蛋白的KEGG富集结果显示, 大量蛋白富集到PI3K信号通路, 表明EQST可能通过作用于PI3K通路来改善高能饲料诱导的胰岛素抵抗。此外, 能量代谢、脂肪酸代谢等代谢通路均与糖尿病发病高度相关[16], 而EQST使ob/ob小鼠体内的上述代谢通路出现了显著变化, 这提示EQST或许还将在肥胖相关糖尿病方面具有重要改善作用。
综上所述, EQST可通过促进脂肪组织的呼吸能量代谢来有效控制肥胖小鼠的体重、降低血脂, 发挥抗肥胖的作用, 还可通过PI3K途径改善血糖和胰岛素抵抗。因此, EQST将是抗肥胖药物的重要开发资源。
作者贡献: 任雪负责全部实验研究、数据整理及论文撰写; 郭鹏指导实验设计及论文撰写与修改。
利益冲突: 全体作者声明不存在任何利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(81573436)
  • 国家新药创新重大项目基金(2018ZX09711-001-001-016)
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2022年第57卷第8期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0237
  • 接收时间:2022-02-24
  • 首发时间:2025-12-23
  • 出版时间:2022-08-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-02-24
  • 修回日期:2022-03-28
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(81573436)
国家新药创新重大项目基金(2018ZX09711-001-001-016)
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    首都儿科研究所, 北京 100020

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*郭鹏, Tel: 13910125257, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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