Article(id=1210148014371500302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210148010437243088, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0152, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1644249600000, receivedDateStr=2022-02-08, revisedDate=1646323200000, revisedDateStr=2022-03-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766451370089, onlineDateStr=2025-12-23, pubDate=1660233600000, pubDateStr=2022-08-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766451370089, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766451370089, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766451370089, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210148010437243088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2022', volume='57', issue='8', pageStart='2245', pageEnd='2556', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766451369151, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766451533022, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210148697808179705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210148010437243088, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210148697808179706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210148010437243088, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2423, endPage=2429, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210148014811902250, articleId=1210148014371500302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Cloning, expression and functional identification of cytochrome P450 reductase gene in Aquilaria sinensis, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) is essential for the electron transport chain of cytochrome P450s, playing an indispensable role in electron transfer in vivo. In this study, one cDNA encoding cytochrome P450 reductase (Ascpr1) was identified from the callus of Aquilaria sinensis. Ascpr1 contains an open reading frame of 2 124 bp. The deduced protein is composed of 707 amino acids, with a predicted molecular weight of 78.82 kD. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that AsCPR1 is a type Ⅱ CPR protein closely related to the CPR from Theobroma cacao. Transmembrane prediction using TMHMM 2.0 indicated that the amino acids 52-71 of AsCPR1 comprise a transmembrane region. After truncating of 67 amino acid residues from N-terminal, the truncated AsCPR1 was successfully expressed in E. coli Transetta (DE3). Further purification of the recombinant AsCPR1 by affinity chromatography and determination of the enzymatic activity allowed the reducing ability of AsCPR1 to cytochrome C in vitro. The results pave the way for further study on the synthesis of defensive chemicals involved in P450s and the functions of CPR in self-defense of A. sinensis.

, correspAuthors=She-po SHI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2022 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yan HAI, Ning DING, Ze-kun ZHANG, Bei-bei ZHANG, Yu DU, Xiao-xue ZHANG, Na LI, Xiang-yu GE, Bo-wen GAO, She-po SHI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1210148017957630389, articleId=1210148014371500302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=白木香细胞色素P450还原酶基因的克隆、表达与功能鉴定, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

细胞色素P450还原酶(cytochrome P450 reductase, CPR) 是细胞色素P450酶电子传递链的组成部分, 在生物体内起着重要的电子传递作用。本研究从白木香(Aquilaria sinensis) 愈伤组织细胞中克隆得到1个CPR基因(Ascpr1), Ascpr1含有一个2 124 bp的开放阅读框, 编码707个氨基酸残基, 其蛋白分子质量为78.82 kD。系统进化分析显示, AsCPR1为Ⅱ型CPR蛋白, 与来源于可可树(Theobroma cacao) 的CPR蛋白亲缘关系较近。跨膜预测结果显示该蛋白的第52~71位氨基酸为跨膜区, 在大肠杆菌Transetta (DE3) 中成功表达了N-端缺失67个氨基酸残基的融合蛋白, 经亲和色谱纯化后获得对细胞色素C具有还原能力的融合蛋白AsCPR1。本研究结果为进一步研究P450酶参与的白木香防御物质合成及CPR在白木香防御反应中的作用奠定基础。

, correspAuthors=史社坡, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*史社坡, E-mail:
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Primer rolePrimer namePrimer sequence (5′→3′)
SequenceAscpr1-FATGGAACCGTCGTCCTCCTCCAGTT
Ascpr1-RTCACCACACGTCACGGAGATATC
AmplificationAscpr1-FEgccatggctgatatcggatccATGTGGCGCAGATCGGGC
Ascpr1-RXgtggtggtggtggtgctcgagTCACCACACGTCACGGAGATAT
), ArticleFig(id=1210148027453535127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148014371500302, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primer sequence

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primer rolePrimer namePrimer sequence (5′→3′)
SequenceAscpr1-FATGGAACCGTCGTCCTCCTCCAGTT
Ascpr1-RTCACCACACGTCACGGAGATATC
AmplificationAscpr1-FEgccatggctgatatcggatccATGTGGCGCAGATCGGGC
Ascpr1-RXgtggtggtggtggtgctcgagTCACCACACGTCACGGAGATAT
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白木香细胞色素P450还原酶基因的克隆、表达与功能鉴定
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海燕 1 , 丁宁 1 , 张泽坤 1 , 张蓓蓓 1 , 杜宇 1 , 张晓雪 1 , 李娜 1 , 葛祥宇 1 , 高博闻 2 , 史社坡 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2022,57(8): 2423-2429
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2022, 57(8): 2423-2429
白木香细胞色素P450还原酶基因的克隆、表达与功能鉴定
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海燕1, 丁宁1, 张泽坤1, 张蓓蓓1, 杜宇1, 张晓雪1, 李娜1, 葛祥宇1, 高博闻2, 史社坡1, *
作者信息
  • 1.北京中医药大学中药学院中药现代研究中心, 北京 100029
  • 2.包头医学院, 内蒙古 包头 014060

通讯作者:

*史社坡, E-mail:
Cloning, expression and functional identification of cytochrome P450 reductase gene in Aquilaria sinensis
Yan HAI1, Ning DING1, Ze-kun ZHANG1, Bei-bei ZHANG1, Yu DU1, Xiao-xue ZHANG1, Na LI1, Xiang-yu GE1, Bo-wen GAO2, She-po SHI1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
  • 2. Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, China
出版时间: 2022-08-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0152
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细胞色素P450还原酶(cytochrome P450 reductase, CPR) 是细胞色素P450酶电子传递链的组成部分, 在生物体内起着重要的电子传递作用。本研究从白木香(Aquilaria sinensis) 愈伤组织细胞中克隆得到1个CPR基因(Ascpr1), Ascpr1含有一个2 124 bp的开放阅读框, 编码707个氨基酸残基, 其蛋白分子质量为78.82 kD。系统进化分析显示, AsCPR1为Ⅱ型CPR蛋白, 与来源于可可树(Theobroma cacao) 的CPR蛋白亲缘关系较近。跨膜预测结果显示该蛋白的第52~71位氨基酸为跨膜区, 在大肠杆菌Transetta (DE3) 中成功表达了N-端缺失67个氨基酸残基的融合蛋白, 经亲和色谱纯化后获得对细胞色素C具有还原能力的融合蛋白AsCPR1。本研究结果为进一步研究P450酶参与的白木香防御物质合成及CPR在白木香防御反应中的作用奠定基础。

白木香  /  细胞色素P450还原酶  /  基因克隆  /  沉香

Cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) is essential for the electron transport chain of cytochrome P450s, playing an indispensable role in electron transfer in vivo. In this study, one cDNA encoding cytochrome P450 reductase (Ascpr1) was identified from the callus of Aquilaria sinensis. Ascpr1 contains an open reading frame of 2 124 bp. The deduced protein is composed of 707 amino acids, with a predicted molecular weight of 78.82 kD. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that AsCPR1 is a type Ⅱ CPR protein closely related to the CPR from Theobroma cacao. Transmembrane prediction using TMHMM 2.0 indicated that the amino acids 52-71 of AsCPR1 comprise a transmembrane region. After truncating of 67 amino acid residues from N-terminal, the truncated AsCPR1 was successfully expressed in E. coli Transetta (DE3). Further purification of the recombinant AsCPR1 by affinity chromatography and determination of the enzymatic activity allowed the reducing ability of AsCPR1 to cytochrome C in vitro. The results pave the way for further study on the synthesis of defensive chemicals involved in P450s and the functions of CPR in self-defense of A. sinensis.

Aquilaria sinensis  /  cytochrome P450 reductase  /  gene cloning  /  agarwood
海燕, 丁宁, 张泽坤, 张蓓蓓, 杜宇, 张晓雪, 李娜, 葛祥宇, 高博闻, 史社坡. 白木香细胞色素P450还原酶基因的克隆、表达与功能鉴定. 药学学报, 2022 , 57 (8) : 2423 -2429 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0152
Yan HAI, Ning DING, Ze-kun ZHANG, Bei-bei ZHANG, Yu DU, Xiao-xue ZHANG, Na LI, Xiang-yu GE, Bo-wen GAO, She-po SHI. Cloning, expression and functional identification of cytochrome P450 reductase gene in Aquilaria sinensis[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2022 , 57 (8) : 2423 -2429 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0152
植物细胞色素P450还原酶(cytochrome P450 reductase, 简称CPR或POR) 是细胞色素酶系的重要组成部分, 主要参与细胞色素P450氧化酶系(cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase system, P450s) 催化的初级及次级代谢反应[1, 2], 并在植物自我防御、降解外源有害物质及生物解毒等生理过程中起重要作用[3]。CPR最早是从酵母中分离, 因其能够还原细胞色素C而被称为细胞色素C还原酶, CPR是植物P450s发挥功能的重要组成部分, 由CPR和P450s组成的氧化还原体系在次生代谢产物及植物防御性物质合成, 清除植物体内逆境条件下过量自由基的积累等方面发挥重要作用。CPR结构中含有典型的黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸(flavin adenine dinucleotide, FAD)、黄素单核苷酸(flavin mononucleotide, FMN)、还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, NADPH) 结构域[4]。CPR作为伴侣蛋白, 在P450s催化反应过程中主要负责电子传递功能[5], CPR通过FAD和FMN将电子从NADPH传递到P450s, 催化底物发生羟基化、氧化开环、脱烷基化、氧化偶联等反应[6, 7]。植物CPR为膜结合蛋白, 通常需要和具有催化活性的P450s在酵母细胞中共表达后才能发挥其电子传递能力, 在大肠杆菌中的表达则需要与P450s构建成融合蛋白后发挥活性[8, 9]。因此, 对其进行保持功能的可溶性表达, 有一定的难度。
沉香是瑞香科植物白木香Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg受到侵害后缓慢形成的含树脂木材, 具有行气止痛、温中止呕、纳气平喘的功效, 为名贵中药材和香料[10]。因其独特的香味, 位居“沉檀龙麝”四大名香之首, 优质沉香每克价格高达数千元, 享有“木中钻石”之美誉[11]。沉香的形成实质上是防御性次生代谢产物苯乙基色酮类和倍半萜类成分在体内缓慢合成累积的过程[12, 13]。目前, 对于苯乙基色酮和倍半萜类成分结构母核生物合成方面的研究已有相关报道[14, 15]。虽然P450s在苯乙基色酮和倍半萜的结构多样性方面发挥主要作用, 但目前白木香中的CPR和P450相关酶的研究鲜见报道。本研究从白木香愈伤组织中克隆鉴定的一个CPR基因(Ascpr1), 利用生物信息学方法对CPR的性质及三维结构进行分析预测, 最后通过截短AsCPR1蛋白的N-端跨膜域, 实现了AsCPR1在大肠杆菌中的可溶性表达, 体外酶活测定证明其对细胞色素C具有还原功能。该研究结果为后续研究参与防御性物质合成的相关P450酶奠定基础, 为进一步探讨CPR在白木香自我防御反应及结香过程中的作用提供参考。
材料      白木香Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg幼苗采自中国广东省电白县南药开发有限公司, 经鉴定为瑞香科植物白木香。
试剂     RNA提取试剂盒: Plant RNA Kit (OMEGA公司); 反转录试剂盒: HiScript® Ⅲ 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit、胶回收试剂盒: FastPure Gel DNA Extraction Mini Kit (Vazyme公司); PCR扩增酶: KOD-Plus-NeoDNA Polymerase (TOYOBO公司); Transetta (DE3) Chemically Competent Cell、Trans 1-T1 E. coli感受态细胞、氨苄青霉素(Amp) 和LB培养基所需试剂(胰蛋白胨、酵母提取物、NaCl、琼脂粉) 购于北京拜尔迪生物技术有限公司; 原核表达载体pET32a由实验室传代冻存; 引物合成及测序均由北京六合华大基因科技有限公司完成。
总RNA提取及cDNA合成     白木香愈伤组织由本课题组培养制备[16], 按照植物RNA快速提取试剂盒操作步骤进行总RNA提取, 通过1.2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测RNA的完整性和质量, 利用NanoDrop 2000C检测RNA浓度。以白木香总RNA为模板, Oligo (dT) 为引物, 使用HiScript® Ⅲ 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit转录为cDNA。
白木香Ascpr1基因序列全长克隆     利用课题组前期对白木香愈伤组织转录组测序数据, 分析挖掘出1个具有完整开放阅读框的Ascpr1基因, 使用转录组的完整CPR序列设计两端特异性引物(Ascpr1-F, Ascpr1-R) 扩增Ascpr1的完整编码区(CDS), 引物序列见表 1。用1%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测PCR产物, 切下目的片段进行回收纯化。将回收后的PCR产物, 连接至pMD19-T克隆载体, 并转化至Trans1-T1 E. coli感受态细胞。挑取单克隆进行菌落PCR鉴定, 阳性菌落进行测序验证。
AsCPR1蛋白的生物信息学分析     利用在线软件ProtParam预测蛋白结构参数; 通过ExPASY中的SOPMA工具分析蛋白质序列的二级结构; 利用SWISS-MODEL Workspace在线分析软件构建蛋白质三级结构模型; 利用软件TMHMM 2.0进行蛋白质跨膜结构域分析; 使用Signal P 4.1 server分析AsCPR1蛋白信号肽; 氨基酸序列比对使用DNAMAN完成; 通过MEGA 6.0软件构建Neighbor-joining系统进化树, 进化距离的计算采用泊松校正法, Bootstrap重复次数为1 000次。
AsCPR1原核表达载体的构建及蛋白的纯化     由于Ascpr1基因编码序列的N末端具有跨膜结构域, 影响蛋白的可溶性表达, 因此, 将AsCPR1蛋白的N端67个氨基酸截去, 消除跨膜域。根据缺失跨膜域后的基因序列设计引物Ascpr1-FE和Ascpr1-RX (表 1), 扩增了Ascpr1缺失N末端跨膜结构域的Ascpr1编码序列。将PCR产物插入原核表达载体pET32a, 构建的重组质粒随后进行DNA测序验证。将重组质粒转入大肠杆菌Transetta (DE3) 中, 挑取阳性菌落接种到10 mL含有100 mg·L-1 Amp的LB培养基中, 37 ℃下200 r·min-1过夜培养。按1%的接种量转接到100 mL的LB培养基(Amp浓度为100 mg·L-1) 中培养至OD600为0.8, 加入终浓度为1.0 mmol·L-1的异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷(IPTG), 于16 ℃诱导培养12 h。4 ℃、12 000 r·min-1离心收集菌体, 将细胞重悬于结合缓冲液(50 mmol·L-1 NaH2PO4, 300 mmol·L-1 NaCl, 10 mmol·L-1咪唑, pH 8.0) 中, 在冰上超声处理破碎细胞, 将细胞破碎液于4 ℃、12 000 r·min-1离心30 min。取上清液, 利用镍离子亲和色谱纯化AsCPR1蛋白, 用SDS-PAGE检测重组蛋白表达。
细胞色素P450还原酶活性测定     纯化的蛋白样品以牛血清蛋白(BSA) 为标准品, 采用Bio-rad Bradford法进行蛋白浓度测定。根据文献报道, 通过还原型细胞色素C (reduced cytochrome C) 在550 nm光吸收值的变化来测定AsCPR1的电子传递活性[17]。活性的测定均在25 ℃下含有0.1 mmol·L-1 EDTA的50 mmol·L-1 Tris-HCl缓冲液(pH 7.4)中进行。在96孔酶标板的孔内加入马心细胞色素C和等量的融合蛋白AsCPR1, 混匀。在上述反应体系中加入NADPH后开始计时, 快速混匀, 记录反应时间内(5 min) 的吸收值(A550), 直至吸收值不再变化为止。每个样品平行重复3组, 然后求得每个时间点的光吸收值的平均值。单位时间内生成Cyt Cred的量采用下列公式计算: nmol Cyt Cred/min = △A550/min/0.021。
课题组前期进行了白木香愈伤组织的转录组测序, 根据注释结果, 筛选到了一条具有完整开放阅读框的Ascpr1基因。以白木香愈伤组织的cDNA为模板进行扩增, 用PCR方法扩增得到一条约为2 000 bp的条带, 扩增结果见图 1。将PCR产物连接到pMD19-T克隆载体上, 测序结果经过NCBI的BLAST比对分析, 确定该扩增产物为具有完整ORF框的CPR基因, 命名为Ascpr1, 其序列长度为2 124 bp, 编码707个氨基酸。
通过Protparam软件预测Ascpr1基因编码的蛋白理化性质。Ascpr1编码的蛋白分子式为C3519H5454N936O1065S28, 相对分子质量为78 811.33, 编码707个氨基酸。理论等电点为5.30, 非极性氨基酸残基(Asp+Glu) 98个, 极性氨基酸残基(Arg+Lys) 76个, 脂溶系数(aliphatic index, AI) 为80.03, 平均疏水性(grand average of hydropathy, GRAVY) 为-0.297, 不稳定系数(Ⅱ) 为41.07, 是一个不稳定的亲水性蛋白。利用TMHMM 2.0预测AsCPR1蛋白的跨膜区域, 结果表明AsCPR1有一段跨膜螺旋区(图 2), 位于蛋白的第52~71位氨基酸之间。蛋白第1~52位氨基酸在膜内侧, 第71~707位氨基酸在膜外侧。Signal P 4.1 server预测结果如图 3所示, 图中无峰值出现, 由此可推断AsCPR1蛋白不含信号肽, 属于非分泌蛋白(图 3)。
运用ExPASY中的SOPMA工具预测Ascpr1基因编码蛋白的二级结构, 结果显示AsCPR1蛋白的二级结构是由41.87%的随机卷曲(random coil)、38.61%的α-螺旋(α-helices)、14.99%的延伸链(extended strand) 和4.53%的β-折叠(β-turn) 组成(图 4)。通过SWISS-MODEL Workspace在线分析软件建立了AsCPR1蛋白的三维结构模型, 选择拟南芥5gxu.1.A的结构模型为模板[18], 对白木香AsCPR1的三维结构进行预测(图 5)。
通过DNAMAN软件将白木香AsCPR1氨基酸序列与GenBank中其他植物中的CPR氨基酸序列进行比对分析(图 6), 发现AsCPR1含有结合FMN、FAD、NADPH、Cytochrome P450的保守结构域。多重序列比对发现白木香AsCPR1氨基酸序列与陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum)、百脉根(Lotus japonicus)、欧芹(Petroselinum crispum)、蒺藜苜蓿(Medicago truncatula)、可可树(Theobroma cacao) 中的CPR的氨基酸序列具有较高的相似度, 依次为82.25%、78.14%、73.00%、77.79%、85.07%, 说明AsCPR1氨基酸序列在进化过程中具有较高程度的保守性。
通过进化树构建软件MEGA 6.0, 采用邻接法构建CPR进化树, 进行CPR的聚类分析(图 7)。根据N端序列信息[19], AsCPR1与已报道的MtCPR、LjCPR等在进化树上均属于Ⅱ型CPR。此外, 在对转录组测序数据进行进一步分析发现转录组数据中编号为CL1005 Contig1的基因序列与Ascpr1具有非常高的相似度(79.23%), 进一步对其氨基酸序列进行分析发现其与AsCPR1的氨基酸序列相似度高达82.11%, 同样含有结合FMN、FAD、NADPH、cytochrome P450的保守结构域, 结合进化分析提示CL1005 Contig1所编码的蛋白为细胞色素P450还原酶。本研究重点选择Ascpr1基因进行表达及催化功能研究。
将原核表达载体pET32a-AsCPR1质粒转化于大肠杆菌Transetta (DE3) 后, 根据最佳条件选择IPTG终浓度为1.0 mmol·L-1于16 ℃下诱导12 h进行蛋白的原核表达诱导。利用SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳进行AsCPR1蛋白的诱导表达分析, 比较诱导前后的菌体蛋白, 发现诱导后的样品比诱导前在70 kD附近明显有一个蛋白条带。通过镍离子亲和色谱柱对诱导后样品的菌体蛋白进行纯化, 获得的纯化蛋白条带符合预期大小79 kD (图 8), 确定截短的AsCPR1成功表达。
CPR能够与细胞色素C (cytochrome C, Cyt C) 相互作用并传递电子给Cyt C使其被还原, 而Cyt Cred在550 nm有特征吸收峰, 以每分钟Cyt Cred在550 nm光吸收值的变化表示CPR的电子传递活性。研究结果表明, 随着底物细胞色素C含量的增加, 产生的还原性细胞色素C的量不断增加, 最终趋向于饱和状态(图 9)。说明了本研究筛选得到的AsCPR1能以NADPH为电子供体, 将电子传递给氧化型细胞色素C使其还原。
植物基因组中, 细胞色素P450基因是最大的基因家族, 如拟南芥基因组中发现246个P450酶基因, 占其基因组的1%, 水稻基因组中编码P450酶的基因超过300个, 但绝大部分植物P450酶必须依赖于其伴侣蛋白CPR的电子传递功能, 发挥多样的催化活性(如羟基化、氧化环合、氧化偶联、脱烷基化等), 但由于植物P450酶为膜蛋白、难于可溶性表达、序列同源性低, 其活性必需伴侣蛋白CPR的参与等因素, 导致对植物P450酶的功能鉴定仍具有较大难度[19, 20]。目前, 在研究植物P450酶的功能时, 多将目标P450酶基因构建在已经重组了来源于拟南芥CPR的pYeDP60载体中, 在酵母(如WAT11酵母菌) 中进行表达, 通过制备微粒体蛋白进行酶的催化功能鉴定, 或将目标P450酶基因构建在植物表达载体中, 通过与相关的底物在本氏烟草叶片中共注射的方法, 来研究目标P450酶基因的功能[21]。在这些方法中, 由于CPR是来源于异源植物拟南芥或本氏烟, 可能会与目标P450酶无法高度兼容而出现电子传递效率低, 进而导致目标P450酶催化活性较低的问题, 成为限制P450酶作为理想生物催化剂的瓶颈。因此, 克隆鉴定植物中的CPR酶, 尝试将CPR酶基因与同源物种的P450酶基因进行融合表达, 提高电子在P450酶催化系统中的电子传递效率, 有望提高目标P450酶的活性, 对于发现功能多样的P450酶具有重要的意义。
白木香是我国生产名贵中药材沉香的唯一法定植物来源, 白木香树在受到外界生物或非生物胁迫(如虫咬、雷劈、刀斧砍伤、化学试剂刺激等) 时, 在伤口附近缓慢形成的含有树脂的木材称为沉香。与健康白木香树相比, 沉香中主要含有结构多样的倍半萜类和2-(2-苯乙基) 色酮类成分, 这两类成分是沉香的药效及香味物质, 沉香形成的过程实质上是这两类防御性代谢产物合成累积的过程[13, 22]。沉香中的倍半萜和苯乙基色酮类成分的结构多样性, 主要是通过P450酶参与的一系列氧化修饰来实现的, 因此P450酶对沉香的形成具有非常重要的作用, 但目前相关研究较少[23]。本研究从白木香愈伤组织中克隆出Ascpr1基因, 并通过N-端跨膜域缺失的方法实现其在大肠杆菌中的可溶性表达, 并通过考察其对细胞色素C的还原能力证明AsCPR1具有催化功能, 相关研究为后续开展参与名贵中药材沉香的药效、香味成分生物合成的P450酶奠定基础, 为研究P450酶在沉香形成中的作用提供条件。
作者贡献: 海燕负责Ascpr1基因的克隆和原核表达、体外酶活性鉴定及论文初稿的撰写; 丁宁、张泽坤、张蓓蓓负责Ascpr1基因的生物信息学分析; 杜宇、张晓雪、李娜、葛翔宇负责RNA的提取。高博闻、史社坡负责实验方案设计、实验技术指导、论文撰写及修改。
利益冲突: 无相关利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(81773842)
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2022年第57卷第8期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0152
  • 接收时间:2022-02-08
  • 首发时间:2025-12-23
  • 出版时间:2022-08-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-02-08
  • 修回日期:2022-03-04
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(81773842)
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    1.北京中医药大学中药学院中药现代研究中心, 北京 100029
    2.包头医学院, 内蒙古 包头 014060

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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