Article(id=1210147886185181588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210147879319113875, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0094, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1642521600000, receivedDateStr=2022-01-19, revisedDate=1649347200000, revisedDateStr=2022-04-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766451339527, onlineDateStr=2025-12-23, pubDate=1654963200000, pubDateStr=2022-06-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766451339527, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766451339527, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766451339527, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210147879319113875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2022', volume='57', issue='6', pageStart='1541', pageEnd='1924', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766451337890, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766451466252, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210148417767084534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210147879319113875, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210148417767084535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210147879319113875, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1874, endPage=1879, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210147887007265226, articleId=1210147886185181588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of the inhibitory effect of dapagliflozin on intestinal and renal SGLT, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
This study establishes and optimizes the physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) model for dapagliflozin, predicts the drug distribution into relevant tissues, and calculates the inhibitory effect on the sodium-glucose cotransporters (SGLTs) in the intestine and renal proximal tubule. Based on literature data, a PBPK model for oral administration in healthy adults was established and the predicted blood concentration-time curve characteristics, the main pharmacokinetic parameters (PK), and drug excretion in urine were compared with the published data. To verify and optimize the model and verify the accuracy of the tissue distribution and concentration predictions, a pharmacodynamics model (PD) was established. Urine glucose excretion (UGE) was simulated at the corresponding times. The characteristics of the drug-time curve predicted by the model are similar to those of the measured curve, and the ratio of the main PK parameters to the measured values is within a two-fold range; the accuracy of the established PBPK model is good. The maximal inhibition obtained with 10 mg of dapagliflozin on the duodenum and jejunum segment sodium-glucose co-transporter 1 (SGLT1s) was 1.6%-4.7%, and the inhibition rate of the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2s) in the proximal tubule of the kidney was as high as 99.9%. At a dose of 10 mg, dapagliflozin delayed intestinal glucose absorption while occupying most of the sites (99.9%) of the renal sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 and inhibiting its glucose reabsorption. This physiological-pharmacokinetic model for dapagliflozin in healthy adults can provide meaningful guidance for exploring pharmacological mechanisms and potential toxicity of gliflozin by simulating drug distribution in different tissues.
, correspAuthors=Ai-xin SHI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2022 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yu ZHANG, Pan-pan XIE, Ya-mei LI, Xue-mei HE, Yue LIU, Ai-xin SHI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1210147889590956680, articleId=1210147886185181588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于生理药代动力学模型研究达格列净对肠道和肾脏SGLT蛋白抑制作用, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
建立并优化达格列净的生理药代动力学(PBPK) 模型, 预测相关组织药物分布浓度, 计算对应浓度对肠段和肾脏近端小管钠葡萄糖协同转运蛋白(SGLTs) 的抑制率。根据文献报道的相关数据, 建立健康成年人口服给药的PBPK模型, 将预测的血药浓度-时间曲线特征、主要药物代谢动学参数(pharmacokinetics, PK) 及尿中药物排出量与实测数据进行比较对建立的模型进行验证和优化, 为了进一步验证组织分布浓度预测的准确性, 建立药物效应动力学模型(pharmacodynamics, PD) 对相应时间内尿葡萄糖排泄量(urine glucose excretion, UGE) 进行模拟。通过建立成功的模型预测药物在体内各个组织和器官的分布暴露量。模型预测药时曲线特征与实测曲线特征相似, 主要PK参数与实测值比值在2倍范围内, 表明建立的PBPK模型精确性良好。10 mg达格列净对十二指肠和空肠段钠葡萄糖协同转运蛋白1 (SGLT1s) 最大抑制率为1.6%~4.7%, 对肾脏近端小管处钠葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2 (SGLT2s) 的抑制率高达99.9%。达格列净在10 mg剂量下延缓肠道葡萄糖吸收能力差, 可占据肾脏SGLT2s大部分位点(99.9%), 抑制其介导的葡萄糖重吸收。建立的健康成年人达格列净的生理药代动力学模型可预测不同组织药物分布浓度, 为探索药理机制以及药物潜在毒性提供有意义的指导。
, correspAuthors=史爱欣, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2022, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Yg/jG6FDO35ZHaXEo9RuTw==, magXml=sQxIR0z84GInoM9rr6RQIw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=DIGaVPqByAll9+UqscB/aQ==, pdfFileSize=470961, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=qNt2d6Mhh7x24Y4uKswdsw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ct0vbSKbPQA98UoOwpQPRw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=张瑜, 谢潘潘, 李亚梅, 何雪梅, 刘岳, 史爱欣)}, authors=[Author(id=1210147890123633351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147886185181588, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1210147890278822622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147886185181588, authorId=1210147890123633351, language=EN, stringName=Yu ZHANG, firstName=Yu, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, address=1. Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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Structural overview of the whole-body physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) model developed to describe disposition of dapagliflozin following oral administration. Q: Plasma flow rate to tissue; CL: Clearance; QH: Blood flows in the hepatic vein; QHa: Blood flows in the hepatic artery; ACAT: Advanced compartmental absorption and transit; RO: Reproductive organ; RM: Red marrow , figureFileSmall=A1NHWcKMX/0EXg063MbLPA==, figureFileBig=qNt2d6Mhh7x24Y4uKswdsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210147894406017215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147886185181588, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=36BHY6D3hlqfTnwUwagUCw==, figureFileBig=Yu0dkS0Zc98lzQC2vkkRfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210147894552817869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147886185181588, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption=
The time curves of plasma drug concentration (A: Asian; B: European) were predicted by software in two clinical studies at different doses , figureFileSmall=36BHY6D3hlqfTnwUwagUCw==, figureFileBig=Yu0dkS0Zc98lzQC2vkkRfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210147894728978658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147886185181588, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=79PZw81R0p85XnO57VVw5g==, figureFileBig=+wt1E4Yi/ohXHvrxLe7tNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210147894838030573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147886185181588, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption=
Observed urinary excretion (pink) of dapagliflozin 24 h after administrate oral (European: A: 10 mg; B: 20 mg; C: 50 mg; D: 100 mg; Asian: E: 10 mg; F: 20 mg) and the 90th confidence interval of the virtual population simulation (green shadow) , figureFileSmall=79PZw81R0p85XnO57VVw5g==, figureFileBig=+wt1E4Yi/ohXHvrxLe7tNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210147895001608444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147886185181588, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=WTHgDG8I3VBn7ZlUMDvUTA==, figureFileBig=7p3rj7IdWCx0HaxFPh03NA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210147895110660366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147886185181588, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption=
Simulation of inhibitory effects on sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1s) in upper intestine and proximal tubules after single oral administration of dapagliflozin 2.5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg in Asian and 2.5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg in European. A: Jejunum I segment in Asian; B: Duodenum in Asian; C: Jejunum I segment in European; D: Duodenum in European; E: Proximal tubules in Asian; F: Proximal tubules in European , figureFileSmall=WTHgDG8I3VBn7ZlUMDvUTA==, figureFileBig=7p3rj7IdWCx0HaxFPh03NA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210147895253266714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147886185181588, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Parameter | Value | Source |
| Asian | | |
| Mr/g·mol-1 | 408.88 | Pubchem |
| B/P | 0.71 | Estimated by ADMET Predictor 9.0 |
| Fup/% | 9 | [5] |
| Solubility/mg·mL-1 | pH 6.8:1.6 | [6] |
| Particle size radius/μm | 10 | [5] |
| Peff/cm·s-1 | 3.539×10-4 | Optimization |
| CLR/L·h-1 | 12.03 | Fitted |
| CL/L·h-1 | 19.029 | Fitted |
| European | | |
| Mr/g·mol-1 | 408.88 | Pubchem |
| B/P | 0.71 | Estimated by ADMET Predictor 9.0 |
| Fup/% | 9 | [9] |
| Solubility/mg·mL-1 | pH 6.8:1.6 | [6] |
| Particle size radius/μm | 10 | [5] |
| Peff/cm·s-1 | 2.539×10-4 | [9] |
| CLR/L·h-1 | 12.313 | Fitted |
| CL/L·h-1 | 22.217 | Fitted |
| Vmaxreabs for SGLT2/mmol·h-1 | 87.07 | [7] |
| Vmaxreabs for SGLT1/mmol·h-1 | 18.53 | [7] |
| Inhibition | | |
| Ki for SGLT1/nmol·L-1 | 119.29 | [7] |
| Ki for SGLT2/nmol·L-1 | 0.1 | [7] |
| Glucose | | |
| Small intestine | | |
| Kmreabs for SGLT1/mmol·L-1 | 1.8 | [5] |
| Kmreabs for SGLT2/mmol·L-1 | 4.9 | [5] |
| Kidney | | |
| Kmreabs for SGLT1/mmol·L-1 | 0.5 | [8] |
| Kmreabs for SGLT2/mmol·L-1 | 4 | [8] |
), ArticleFig(id=1210147895358124323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147886185181588, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=
Parameters for the PBPK modeling of dapagliflozin in Asian and European. B/P: Blood/plasma concentration ratio; Fup: The percent of drug that is not bound to plasma proteins; Peff: Effective permeability coefficient; CL: Clearance; Vmaxreabs: SGLTs maximum reabsorption rate for healthy subjects; Ki: Dapagliflozin inhibition constant for SGLTs; Kmreabs: Michaelis constant of glucose affinity for SGLTs; SGLTs: Sodium glucose co-transporter; ADMET: Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Parameter | Value | Source |
| Asian | | |
| Mr/g·mol-1 | 408.88 | Pubchem |
| B/P | 0.71 | Estimated by ADMET Predictor 9.0 |
| Fup/% | 9 | [5] |
| Solubility/mg·mL-1 | pH 6.8:1.6 | [6] |
| Particle size radius/μm | 10 | [5] |
| Peff/cm·s-1 | 3.539×10-4 | Optimization |
| CLR/L·h-1 | 12.03 | Fitted |
| CL/L·h-1 | 19.029 | Fitted |
| European | | |
| Mr/g·mol-1 | 408.88 | Pubchem |
| B/P | 0.71 | Estimated by ADMET Predictor 9.0 |
| Fup/% | 9 | [9] |
| Solubility/mg·mL-1 | pH 6.8:1.6 | [6] |
| Particle size radius/μm | 10 | [5] |
| Peff/cm·s-1 | 2.539×10-4 | [9] |
| CLR/L·h-1 | 12.313 | Fitted |
| CL/L·h-1 | 22.217 | Fitted |
| Vmaxreabs for SGLT2/mmol·h-1 | 87.07 | [7] |
| Vmaxreabs for SGLT1/mmol·h-1 | 18.53 | [7] |
| Inhibition | | |
| Ki for SGLT1/nmol·L-1 | 119.29 | [7] |
| Ki for SGLT2/nmol·L-1 | 0.1 | [7] |
| Glucose | | |
| Small intestine | | |
| Kmreabs for SGLT1/mmol·L-1 | 1.8 | [5] |
| Kmreabs for SGLT2/mmol·L-1 | 4.9 | [5] |
| Kidney | | |
| Kmreabs for SGLT1/mmol·L-1 | 0.5 | [8] |
| Kmreabs for SGLT2/mmol·L-1 | 4 | [8] |
), ArticleFig(id=1210147895471370539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147886185181588, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Dose/mg | AUC/ng·h·mL-1 | | Cmax/ng·mL-1 | | tmax/h |
| Observed | Simulated | Ratio | Observed | Simulated | Ratio | Observed | Simulated | Ratio |
| Asian | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 10 | 398.1 | 444.32 | 1.11 | 124 | 140.2 | 1.13 | 1 | 0.64 | 0.64 |
| 20 | 819.7 | 899.8 | 1.09 | 265 | 258.8 | 0.98 | 0.72 | 0.72 | 1 |
| European | | | | | | | | | |
| 10 | 451.4 | 380 | 0.84 | 98.3 | 92.1 | 0.93 | 1.39 | 0.8 | 0.57 |
| 20 | 776.2 | 997 | 1.2 | 224 | 209 | 0.93 | 1.08 | 0.8 | 0.81 |
| 100 | 4 771 | 4 985 | 1.04 | 879 | 1 044 | 1.18 | 1.375 | 0.88 | 0.64 |
), ArticleFig(id=1210147895601393972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147886185181588, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=
The predicted and observed data and their folding error values of Asian and European. AUC: Area under the plasma concentration time curve for time zero to the last time; Cmax: Maximum concentration; tmax: Time corresponding to Cmax
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Dose/mg | AUC/ng·h·mL-1 | | Cmax/ng·mL-1 | | tmax/h |
| Observed | Simulated | Ratio | Observed | Simulated | Ratio | Observed | Simulated | Ratio |
| Asian | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 10 | 398.1 | 444.32 | 1.11 | 124 | 140.2 | 1.13 | 1 | 0.64 | 0.64 |
| 20 | 819.7 | 899.8 | 1.09 | 265 | 258.8 | 0.98 | 0.72 | 0.72 | 1 |
| European | | | | | | | | | |
| 10 | 451.4 | 380 | 0.84 | 98.3 | 92.1 | 0.93 | 1.39 | 0.8 | 0.57 |
| 20 | 776.2 | 997 | 1.2 | 224 | 209 | 0.93 | 1.08 | 0.8 | 0.81 |
| 100 | 4 771 | 4 985 | 1.04 | 879 | 1 044 | 1.18 | 1.375 | 0.88 | 0.64 |
), ArticleFig(id=1210147895744000324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147886185181588, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Race | Time /h | UGEa/g | Ratioa | UGEb/g | Ratiob |
| Observed | Predicted | Observed | Predicted |
| Asian | 6 | 42.33 | 42.94 | 1.01 | 65.18 | 60.47 | 0.92 |
| 12 | 60.52 | 66.09 | 1.09 | 68.68 | 82.11 | 1.19 |
| 18 | 69.62 | 73.84 | 1.06 | 74.63 | 98.86 | 1.32 |
| 24 | 83.26 | 74.74 | 0.89 | 106.12 | 103.49 | 0.97 |
| European | 20 | 40.13 | 58.2 | 1.45 | 41.52 | 73.34 | 1.76 |
| 40 | 69.5 | 67.11 | 0.96 | 86.9 | 103 | 1.18 |
| 60 | 76 | 67.4 | 0.88 | 106.9 | 105.583 | 0.98 |
| 120 | 79.99 | 67.89 | 0.84 | 121.22 | 105.59 | 0.87 |
), ArticleFig(id=1210147895882412369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147886185181588, language=CN, label=Table 3, caption=
Urine glucose excretion (UGE) prediction error determined using the predicted/observed data for single oral administration of 10 mg (a) and 20 mg (b) in Asian and single oral administration of 10 mg (a) and 50 mg (b) in European
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Race | Time /h | UGEa/g | Ratioa | UGEb/g | Ratiob |
| Observed | Predicted | Observed | Predicted |
| Asian | 6 | 42.33 | 42.94 | 1.01 | 65.18 | 60.47 | 0.92 |
| 12 | 60.52 | 66.09 | 1.09 | 68.68 | 82.11 | 1.19 |
| 18 | 69.62 | 73.84 | 1.06 | 74.63 | 98.86 | 1.32 |
| 24 | 83.26 | 74.74 | 0.89 | 106.12 | 103.49 | 0.97 |
| European | 20 | 40.13 | 58.2 | 1.45 | 41.52 | 73.34 | 1.76 |
| 40 | 69.5 | 67.11 | 0.96 | 86.9 | 103 | 1.18 |
| 60 | 76 | 67.4 | 0.88 | 106.9 | 105.583 | 0.98 |
| 120 | 79.99 | 67.89 | 0.84 | 121.22 | 105.59 | 0.87 |
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