Article(id=1210147894376665107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210147879319113875, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2021-1736, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1638720000000, receivedDateStr=2021-12-06, revisedDate=1640880000000, revisedDateStr=2021-12-31, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766451341479, onlineDateStr=2025-12-23, pubDate=1654963200000, pubDateStr=2022-06-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766451341479, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766451341479, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766451341479, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210147879319113875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2022', volume='57', issue='6', pageStart='1541', pageEnd='1924', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766451337890, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766451466252, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210148417767084534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210147879319113875, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210148417767084535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210147879319113875, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1845, endPage=1848, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210147894913536061, articleId=1210147894376665107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=A new γ-valerolactone derivative from the roots of Ardisia crispa, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Four compounds were isolated from the 70% EtOH extract of Ardisia crispa by using various chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, ODS and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures of 1-4 were elucidated based on physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data. These compounds were defined as crispalactone A (1), (+)-pinoresinol (2), 3, 5-dimethoxy-4- hydroxyphenol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3) and (+)-schizandriside (4). Compound 1 is a new γ-valerolactone derivative, and compounds 2-4 are firstly isolated from Ardisia crispa.

, correspAuthors=Ying ZHOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2022 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xin YIN, Rui-hang HU, Yong-qiang ZHOU, Xin WEI, Wei-qian ZHU, Ting-ting FENG, Ying ZHOU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1210147895752396941, articleId=1210147894376665107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=百两金中一个新的γ-戊内酯衍生物, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

采用正相硅胶柱色谱、反相ODS柱色谱、HPLC高效液相色谱法对百两金乙醇提取物进行分离纯化, 结合理化性质、UV、MS、NMR等波谱学技术鉴定化合物的结构。从百两金提取物乙酸乙酯部位中分离鉴定出4个单体化合物, 分别为百两金内酯A (1)、(+)-pinoresinol (2)、3, 5-二甲氧基-4羟苯基-1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3) 和(+)-schizandriside (4), 其中化合物1为新化合物, 化合物2~4为首次从该植物中分离得到。

, correspAuthors=周英, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*周英, Tel: 86-851-88233090, E-mail:
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journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147894376665107, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=γ-戊内酯), Keyword(id=1210147899917341160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147894376665107, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=化学成分)], refs=[Reference(id=1210147901381153351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147894376665107, doi=10.1016/j.jep.2004.09.037, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=96, issue=null, pageStart=347, pageEnd=354, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=Kobayashi H, Mejía E, journalName=J Ethnopharmacol, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Kobayashi H , Mejía E . 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Position δC δH
1 180.2 -
2 29.5 2.50 (1H, ddd, J = 17.8, 9.7, 9.0 Hz)
2.36 (1H, ddd, J = 17.8, 9.5, 4.8 Hz)
3 28.0 2.26 (1H, m)
1.96 (1H, m)
4 82.9 4.76 (1H, m)
5 42.2 2.91 (1H, dd, J = 13.9, 6.4 Hz)
2.82 (1H, dd, J = 13.9, 6.0 Hz)
1′ 139.9 -
2′ 107.5 6.31 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 1.5 Hz)
3′ 162.4 -
4′ 100.7 6.24 (1H, t, like, J = 2.2 Hz)
5′ 159.7 -
6′ 110.0 6.29 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 1.5 Hz)
3′-OCH3 55.6 3.72 (3H, s)
), ArticleFig(id=1210147900684898842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147894376665107, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

1H NMR (400 MHz in CD3OD) and 13C NMR (100 MHz in CD3OD) spectral data of compound 1

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Position δC δH
1 180.2 -
2 29.5 2.50 (1H, ddd, J = 17.8, 9.7, 9.0 Hz)
2.36 (1H, ddd, J = 17.8, 9.5, 4.8 Hz)
3 28.0 2.26 (1H, m)
1.96 (1H, m)
4 82.9 4.76 (1H, m)
5 42.2 2.91 (1H, dd, J = 13.9, 6.4 Hz)
2.82 (1H, dd, J = 13.9, 6.0 Hz)
1′ 139.9 -
2′ 107.5 6.31 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 1.5 Hz)
3′ 162.4 -
4′ 100.7 6.24 (1H, t, like, J = 2.2 Hz)
5′ 159.7 -
6′ 110.0 6.29 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 1.5 Hz)
3′-OCH3 55.6 3.72 (3H, s)
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百两金中一个新的γ-戊内酯衍生物
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殷鑫 , 胡瑞航 , 周永强 , 魏鑫 , 朱蔚芊 , 俸婷婷 , 周英 *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2022,57(6): 1845-1848
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2022, 57(6): 1845-1848
百两金中一个新的γ-戊内酯衍生物
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殷鑫, 胡瑞航, 周永强, 魏鑫, 朱蔚芊, 俸婷婷, 周英*
作者信息
  • 贵州中医药大学药学院, 贵州 贵阳 550025

通讯作者:

*周英, Tel: 86-851-88233090, E-mail:
A new γ-valerolactone derivative from the roots of Ardisia crispa
Xin YIN, Rui-hang HU, Yong-qiang ZHOU, Xin WEI, Wei-qian ZHU, Ting-ting FENG, Ying ZHOU*
Affiliations
  • College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
出版时间: 2022-06-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2021-1736
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采用正相硅胶柱色谱、反相ODS柱色谱、HPLC高效液相色谱法对百两金乙醇提取物进行分离纯化, 结合理化性质、UV、MS、NMR等波谱学技术鉴定化合物的结构。从百两金提取物乙酸乙酯部位中分离鉴定出4个单体化合物, 分别为百两金内酯A (1)、(+)-pinoresinol (2)、3, 5-二甲氧基-4羟苯基-1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3) 和(+)-schizandriside (4), 其中化合物1为新化合物, 化合物2~4为首次从该植物中分离得到。

报春花科  /  百两金  /  γ-戊内酯  /  化学成分

Four compounds were isolated from the 70% EtOH extract of Ardisia crispa by using various chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, ODS and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures of 1-4 were elucidated based on physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data. These compounds were defined as crispalactone A (1), (+)-pinoresinol (2), 3, 5-dimethoxy-4- hydroxyphenol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3) and (+)-schizandriside (4). Compound 1 is a new γ-valerolactone derivative, and compounds 2-4 are firstly isolated from Ardisia crispa.

Primulaceae  /  Ardisia crispa  /  γ-valerolactone  /  chemical composition
殷鑫, 胡瑞航, 周永强, 魏鑫, 朱蔚芊, 俸婷婷, 周英. 百两金中一个新的γ-戊内酯衍生物. 药学学报, 2022 , 57 (6) : 1845 -1848 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2021-1736
Xin YIN, Rui-hang HU, Yong-qiang ZHOU, Xin WEI, Wei-qian ZHU, Ting-ting FENG, Ying ZHOU. A new γ-valerolactone derivative from the roots of Ardisia crispa[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2022 , 57 (6) : 1845 -1848 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2021-1736
百两金为报春花科紫金牛属植物百两金(Ardisia crispa) 的根及根茎, 产于长江流域以南各省, 其中在四川、贵州、湖南等省分布较为广泛, 药用历史悠久[1]。据《中药大辞典》记载, 百两金性凉, 具有清热、祛痰、利湿之功效, 主治咽喉肿痛、湿热黄疸、跌打损伤等疾病[2]。现代药理学研究表明, 百两金具有抗肿瘤、抗炎及抑制血管生成等作用[3-11]。目前, 国内外学者对于百两金的研究主要以药理作用为主, 其化学成分研究甚少。为进一步阐明百两金的化学成分, 本研究从70%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部位分离鉴定出4个单体化合物(图 1), 分别为: 百两金内酯A (1)、(+)-pinoresinol (2)、3, 5-二甲氧基-4羟苯基-1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3) 和(+)-schizandriside (4), 其中化合物1为新化合物, 化合物2~4为首次从该植物中分离得到。
化合物1  白色无定形粉末, HR-ESI-MS m/z: 245.078 6 [M+Na]+ (C18H21ONa计算值245.078 4), 提示化合物的分子式为C12H14O4。在化合物11H NMR中, 观察到3组芳香质子信号[δH 6.31 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 1.5 Hz, H-2′)、δH 6.29 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 1.5 Hz, H-6′)、δH 6.24 (1H, t like, J = 2.2 Hz, H-4′)], 提示该化合物存在一个1, 3, 5三取代苯环。此外还可观察到一组次甲基质子信号[δH 4.76 (1H, m, H-4)]、一组甲氧基质子信号[δH 3.72 (3H, s), 3′-OCH3]、3组亚甲基质子信号[δH 2.91 (1H, dd, J = 13.9, 6.4 Hz, H-5a)、2.82 (1H, dd, J = 13.9, 6.0 Hz, H-5b)、δH 2.50 (1H, ddd, J = 17.8, 9.7, 9.0 Hz, H-2a)、δH 2.36 (1H, ddd, J = 17.8, 9.5, 4.8 Hz, H-2b)、δH 2.26 (1H, m, H-3a)、δH 1.96 (1H, m, H-3b)]。通过分析13C NMR及DEPT-135谱可确定化合物1中含有12个碳, 其中包括一组苯环碳信号δC 162.4 (C-3′)、159.7 (C-5′)、139.9 (C-1′)、110.0 (C-6′)、107.5 (C-2′)、100.7 (C-4′); 1个酯羰基碳信号δC 180.2 (C-1); 1个次甲基碳信号δC 82.9 (C-4); 1个甲氧基碳信号δC 55.6 (3′-OCH3); 3个亚甲基碳信号δC 42.2 (C-5)、29.5 (C-2)、28.0 (C-3)。通过对比化合物1与已知化合物(4R)-5-(3′, 5′-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone的NMR数据[12], 两者数据非常接近, 其γ-戊内酯环的碳氢数据基本一致, 最主要的区别在于苯环上的碳信号。通过进一步分析两者13C NMR数据, 发现已知化合物(4R)-5-(3′, 5′-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone的3′位及5′位均连有羟基, 侧链内酯环连接在1′位上, 导致该化合物苯环呈现出两组对称重叠的碳信号[(C-2′, 6′) 和(C-3′, 5′)], 因此在低场区仅出现4个芳香碳信号; 而化合物1中出现6个芳香碳信号, 同时还多出一组甲氧基碳氢信号, 由此推测该甲氧基可能连接在化合物1的C-3′或C-5′位上。在HMBC谱中可以明显观察到甲氧基质子δH 3.72 (3H, s, 3′-OCH3) 与δC 162.4 (C-3′) 存在相关信号(图 2), 由此可确定甲氧基连接在C-3′上。在CD谱中, 观察到化合物1在280 nm处出现正Cotton效应, 同时结合其比旋光度[α]D24-12 (c 0.1, MeOH) [已知化合物(4R)-5-(3′, 5′-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone比旋光度[α]D27-12.9 (c 0.4, MeOH)], 可确定C-4位的绝对构型为R。最后, 通过1H NMR、13C NMR、DEPT-135、HSQC、1H-1H COSY、HMBC对化合物1的碳氢数据进行了准确的归属(表 1)。
综上所述, 确定化合物1的结构为: (4R)-5-(3′-methoxy-5′-hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone, 经Scifinder检索为未见文献报道的新化合物, 命名为: 百两金内酯A (crispalactone A), 结构见图 1
DPX-400型核磁共振波谱仪(德国Bruker公司); Shimadzu LC-16D半制备型高效液相色谱仪(日本岛津公司); RID-20A示差检测器(日本岛津公司); ODS色谱填料(日本YMC公司); 柱色谱硅胶(200~300目, 300~400目, 青岛海洋化工厂); 提取分离所用二氯甲烷、甲醇、乙醇等有机试剂均为天津富宇精细化工有限公司生产, 均为分析纯; 高效液相所用甲醇为色谱纯。
百两金于2019年5月从贵州省凯里市采集, 由贵州中医药大学魏升华教授鉴定为植物百两金Ardisia crispa的根, 样品标本(No. 20190502) 存放于贵州中医药大学药学院标本馆。
干燥的百两金根7.0 kg, 粉碎后经70%乙醇加热回流提取(10倍量溶剂, 提取3次, 每次2 h), 过滤合并滤液, 减压回收溶剂得浸膏。浸膏经水分散, 依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取, 分别得石油醚萃取部位7.9 g, 乙酸乙酯萃取部位72.2 g, 正丁醇萃取部位566.7 g。取乙酸乙酯萃取部位(70 g), 经硅胶柱色谱(200~300目) 分离, 二氯甲烷与甲醇(体积比为100∶0至0∶100) 梯度洗脱, 得8个流分(Fr. A~H)。Fr. B (7.1 g) 经ODS柱色谱, 依次用甲醇与水(体积比为0∶100至100∶0) 梯度洗脱, 后经HPLC高效液相色谱分离, 流动相甲醇-水(53∶47) 得到化合物1 (3.5 mg, tR = 11.2 min) 与化合物2 (4.5 mg, tR = 18.8 min)。Fr. F (11.2 g) 经ODS柱色谱, 依次用甲醇与水(体积比为0∶100至100∶0) 梯度洗脱, 后经HPLC高效液相色谱分离, 流动相甲醇-水(42∶58) 得到化合物4 (3.5 mg, tR = 15.9 min) 和化合物3 (2.7 mg, tR = 18.6 min)。
化合物1  白色无定形粉末, [α]D24-12 (c 0.1, MeOH); HR-ESI-MS m/z: 245.078 6 [M+Na]+ (C18H21ONa计算值245.078 4); UV λmax (MeOH) nm (log ε): 201 (2.5)、230 (1.1)、275 (0.3); CD (c 4.08×10-3 mol·L-1 MeOH): λmaxε) 210 (-2.5)、250 (+1.9)、280 (+2.8) nm; IR (KBr): 3 443、2 922、2 359、1 600、1 475、668 cm-1; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 和13C NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD) 数据见表 1
化合物2  白色粉末, 易溶于甲醇、吡啶。[α]D25+58 (c 0.1, MeOH); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ: 6.93 (2H, d, J = 2.0 Hz, H-2, 2′), 6.80 (2H, dd, J = 8.0, 2.0 Hz, H-6, 6′), 6.76 (2H, d, J = 8.0 Hz, H-5, 5′), 4.70 (2H, d, J = 4.4 Hz, H-7, 7′), 4.23 (2H, dd, J = 9.0, 6.9 Hz, H-9a, 9′a), 3.85 (6H, s, OCH3), 3.82 (2H, dd, J = 9.0, 3.7 Hz, H-9b, 9′b), 3.13 (2H, m, H-8, 8′); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD) δ: 149.1 (C-3, 3′), 147.3 (C-4, 4′), 133.8 (C-1, 1′), 120.1 (C-6, 6′), 116.1 (C-5, 5′), 111.0 (C-2, 2′), 87.5 (C-7, 7′), 72.6 (C-9, 9′), 56.4 (3, 3′-OCH3), 55.4 (C-8, 8′)。以上核磁数据与文献报道基本一致[13, 14], 故鉴定化合物2为(+)-pinoresinol。
化合物3  白色粉末, 易溶于甲醇、吡啶。1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ: 6.13 (2H, s, H-2, 6), 4.66 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz, H-1′), 3.78 (6H, s, -OCH3), 3.78 (1H, dd, J = 11.8, 2.4 Hz, H-6′a), 3.66 (1H, dd, J = 11.8, 5.2 Hz, H-6′b); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD) δ: 156.0 (C-1), 154.8 (C-3, 5), 129.6 (C-4), 106.2 (C-1′), 94.5 (C-2, 6), 78.2 (C-3′), 77.8 (C-5′), 75.7 (C-2′), 71.3 (C-4′), 62.6 (C-6′), 56.8 (3, 5-OCH3)。以上核磁数据与文献报道基本一致[15], 故鉴定化合物3为3, 5-二甲氧基-4羟苯基-1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷。
化合物4  白色无定形粉末, 易溶于甲醇、吡啶。[α]D25+12 (c 0.1, MeOH); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ: 6.77 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz, H-2), 6.73 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz, H-5), 6.64 (1H, s, H-2), 6.62 (1H, dd, J = 8.0, 1.8 Hz, H-6), 6.16 (1H, s, H-5), 4.05 (1H, d, J = 10.1 Hz, H-7), 4.04 (1H, d, J = 7.5 Hz, H-1′′), 3.97 (1H, dd, J = 11.3, 2.8 Hz, H-9a), 3.80 (3H, s, 3′-OCH3), 3.79 (3H, s, 3-OCH3), 3.79 (1H, dd, J = 11.3, 5.4 Hz, H-9b), 3.75 (1H, dd, J = 10.9, 4.4 Hz, H-9′a), 3.69 (1H, dd, J = 10.9, 6.0 Hz, H-9′b), 2.82 (2H, m, H-7′), 2.05 (1H, m, H-8′), 1.84 (1H, m, H-8); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD) δ: 148.9 (C-3), 147.1 (C-3′), 145.8 (C-4), 145.1 (C-4′), 138.6 (C-1), 134.3 (C-6′), 129.1 (C-1′), 123.1 (C-6), 117.4 (C-5′), 116.1 (C-5), 114.2 (C-2), 112.4 (C-2′), 105.8 (C-1′′), 77.8 (C-3′′), 75.0 (C-2′′), 71.3 (C-4′′), 69.3 (C-9), 66.9 (C-5′′), 65.1 (C-9′), 56.4 (3′-OCH3), 56.3 (3-OCH3), 47.9 (C-7), 45.9 (C-8), 39.6 (C-8′), 33.8 (C-7′)。以上核磁数据与文献报道基本一致[16], 故鉴定化合物4为(+)-schizandriside。
作者贡献: 周英负责课题的选题与设计; 殷鑫负责数据的分析处理及文章的撰写; 胡瑞航负责实验实施; 周永强、魏鑫、俸婷婷负责文章的审阅及实验指导; 朱蔚芊参与实验实施。
利益冲突: 作者声明无利益冲突。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1708100)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82104538)
  • 贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合平台人才[2019]5407)
  • 贵州省教育厅青年人才成长项目(黔教合KY[2021]202)
  • 贵州省科技厅基础研究计划(黔科合基础-ZK[2021]一般519)
参考文献 引证文献
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Sulaiman H , Hamid RA , Yeong LT et al . Anti-tumor effect of Ardisia crispa hexane fraction on 7, 12-dimethylbenz[α]anthracene-induced mouse skin papillomagenesis[J]. J Cancer Res Ther, 2012, 8: 404-410.
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Li SN , Yang YY , Xu L et al . Simultaneous determination of three chemical compounds in embryonic parenchyma cells and endocarp stone cells of Arctii Fructus at five different growth stages by UFLC-MS/MS[J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2019, 54: 1265-1270. http://www.yxxb.com.cn:8081/apsCN/abstract/abstract17544.shtml
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2022年第57卷第6期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2021-1736
  • 接收时间:2021-12-06
  • 首发时间:2025-12-23
  • 出版时间:2022-06-12
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  • 收稿日期:2021-12-06
  • 修回日期:2021-12-31
基金
国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1708100)
国家自然科学基金项目(82104538)
贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合平台人才[2019]5407)
贵州省教育厅青年人才成长项目(黔教合KY[2021]202)
贵州省科技厅基础研究计划(黔科合基础-ZK[2021]一般519)
作者信息
    贵州中医药大学药学院, 贵州 贵阳 550025

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*周英, Tel: 86-851-88233090, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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