Article(id=1210147814873633651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210147807885923054, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2021-1690, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1637856000000, receivedDateStr=2021-11-26, revisedDate=1640707200000, revisedDateStr=2021-12-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766451322524, onlineDateStr=2025-12-23, pubDate=1652284800000, pubDateStr=2022-05-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766451322524, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766451322524, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766451322524, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210147807885923054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2022', volume='57', issue='5', pageStart='1219', pageEnd='1540', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766451320859, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766451433476, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210148280286179842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210147807885923054, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210148280286179843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210147807885923054, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1367, endPage=1374, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210147815708300201, articleId=1210147814873633651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Evaluation of cardiac safety of hydroxyrutaecarpine, hERG channel inhibitor, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Drug-induced long QT syndrome (LQTS) has become an important clinical research topic, and the occurrence of acquired long QT syndrome (acLQTS) is mainly caused by drug inhibition of the human ether-α-go-go related gene (hERG) channel. The hERG gene encodes the α subunit of the fast-activating delayed rectifying potassium ion channel (Ikr), which plays an important role in the process of action potential phase 3 repolarization and is also the target of most antiarrhythmic drugs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hydroxyrutaecarpine (HRU) on the hERG channel and to evaluate its cardiotoxicity. The whole cell patch clamp technique was used to detect the effects of HRU on the current and kinetics of the hERG channel, and to confirm the binding site on the hERG channel. PCR was used to determine the effect of HRU on hERG mRNA expression. Western blotting was used to detect the effects of HRU on the expression of hERG protein and transcription factor Sp1. Immunofluorescence was used to confirm the effects of HRU on localization and expression of hERG protein and transcription factor Sp1. Studies have shown that transient HRU can inhibit hERG current and shorten the inactivation time constant. Its binding sites to the hERG channel are F656 and Y652. After incubation for 24 h, HRU can reduce the expression of hERG protein, inhibit the hERG current, reduce the level of hERG mRNA, and reduce the expression of transcription factor Sp1 in the nucleus and hERG protein in the cytoplasm. Immunofluorescence experiments also showed the same results suggesting that the inhibition of Sp1 expression by HRU is the cause of the decreased expression of hERG mRNA. In conclusion, the acute inhibition of HRU accelerates the channel inactivation process and reduces the inactivation time constant by binding to the F656 and Y652 sites in the hERG channel, thus reducing the hERG current. In addition, HRU also inhibits the expression of hERG protein, mainly by inhibiting the expression of transcription factor Sp1, the transcription function of hERG channel protein is down-regulated, so that the hERG protein is reduced.
, correspAuthors=Pan FAN, Bao-xin LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2022 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiang-hua LI, Ge ZHAN, Jia-xin LI, Jia-cheng REN, Pan FAN, Bao-xin LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1210147819097297007, articleId=1210147814873633651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=靶向hERG通道评价羟基吴茱萸次碱的心脏安全性, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
药物诱发长QT间期综合征(long QT syndrome, LQTS) 已成为临床上重要的研究课题, 其中获得性长QT间期综合征(acLQTS) 的发生主要是药物抑制人类ether-α-go-go相关基因(the human ether-α-go-go related gene, hERG) 通道所致。hERG基因编码快速激活延迟整流钾离子通道(rapid component of the delayed rectifier potassium current, Ikr) 的α亚基, 其在动作电位3期复极过程中发挥重要作用, 也是大多数抗心律失常药物作用的靶点。本文旨在探讨羟基吴茱萸次碱(hydroxyrutaecarpine, HRU) 对hERG通道的影响, 评估其心脏安全性。利用全细胞膜片钳技术记录HRU对hERG通道电流及动力学的影响, 并验证与hERG通道的结合位点。运用PCR技术测定HRU对hERG mRNA表达水平的影响。利用Western blot技术检测HRU对hERG蛋白和转录因子Sp1 (specificity protein 1) 表达的影响。采用免疫荧光技术证实HRU对hERG蛋白和转录因子Sp1的定位和表达的影响。研究显示, HRU瞬时给药后对hERG电流具有抑制作用, 降低hERG通道的失活电流, 缩小失活时间常数, 作用位点是S6片段的两个芳香族氨基酸即第656位的苯丙氨酸F656和第652位的酪氨酸Y652。HRU孵育给药能够减少hERG蛋白表达量, 并抑制hERG电流, 降低hERG mRNA的水平, 降低细胞核内转录因子Sp1和细胞浆内hERG蛋白表达水平。激光扫描共聚焦实验也显示细胞核内转录因子Sp1和细胞浆内hERG蛋白表达都减少, 说明HRU抑制Sp1表达是导致hERG mRNA表达减少的原因。以上结果表明, HRU瞬时给药抑制hERG电流的作用是通过结合hERG通道内F656和Y652位点, 缩小失活时间常数, 加快通道失活, 从而抑制hERG通道功能。此外, HRU还抑制hERG蛋白表达, 主要是通过抑制转录因子Sp1的表达, 使hERG通道蛋白的转录功能下调, 最终导致hERG蛋白减少。
, correspAuthors=樊攀, 李宝馨, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2022, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=A8PIjlu1/k1mw2e+sW8FoQ==, magXml=/1i/w08OxxojpT5AVD5KAg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=2SlmdNfTOYrXWXv9GIya3Q==, pdfFileSize=727125, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=pp36QqJKdQivw/3zhxEr2g==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=xXJD9dhNerax5/3qiFd3VA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=李相花, 战歌, 李加欣, 任家成, 樊攀, 李宝馨)}, authors=[Author(id=1210147819550281891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147814873633651, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1210147819676111024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147814873633651, authorId=1210147819550281891, language=EN, stringName=Xiang-hua LI, firstName=Xiang-hua, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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85: 59-68., articleTitle=Arsenic trioxide-induced hERG K
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The effect of hydroxyrutaecarpine (HRU) on the human ether-α-go-go related gene (hERG) channels current after instantaneous perfusion. A: Protocol and representative current traces under control or HRU-treated conditions in hERG-HEK293 cells; B: Normalized I-V curve of the hERG tail current; C: Dose-response curve, the inhibitory effect of HRU on hERG increased with the increase of dose; D: Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) curve of HRU inhibition of hERG channels. Student's t test, n = 8, $ \stackrel{-}{x} $ ± s. *P < 0.05 vs control (CTL) , figureFileSmall=ErxOCw0EW1B8f+xI1ZfR6g==, figureFileBig=pp36QqJKdQivw/3zhxEr2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210147824122073661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147814873633651, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=T535cuuwWsHAjDih5fLG4Q==, figureFileBig=y8T7i9aOxJ/sCoLKmduc1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210147824231125576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147814873633651, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption=
The effects of HRU on the hERG channel kinetics after instantaneous perfusion. A: Voltage-dependent activation curves for the control and HRU group (1 and 10 μmol·L-1); B: Voltage clamp protocol, representative current traces for steady-state inactivation; C: Normalized steady-state inactivation curves before and after exposure to HRU; D: Voltage clamp protocol and representative current traces for the onset of inactivation; E: Time constant of inactivation curves; F: Voltage clamp protocol and representative current traces for recovery; G: Time constant of recovery curves. Student's t test, n = 8, $ \stackrel{-}{x} $ ± s. *P < 0.05 vs CTL , figureFileSmall=T535cuuwWsHAjDih5fLG4Q==, figureFileBig=y8T7i9aOxJ/sCoLKmduc1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210147824315011668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147814873633651, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=uAA7SLxOTZbszpY6On7BRQ==, figureFileBig=xBHblyakcUjInsAJoKvlHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210147824466006626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147814873633651, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption=
Effects of HRU on hERG channel action sites. A: The HRU was docked into the binding site of the hERG channels, the HRU binds to the active pocket of hERG; B: Examples of WT hERG current traces and normalized I-V curve of the hERG tail current; C: Examples of Y652A hERG current traces and normalized I-V curve of the hERG tail current; D: Examples of F656V hERG current traces and normalized I-V curve of the hERG tail current. Student's t test, n = 10, $ \stackrel{-}{x} $ ± s. *P < 0.05 vs CTL , figureFileSmall=uAA7SLxOTZbszpY6On7BRQ==, figureFileBig=xBHblyakcUjInsAJoKvlHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210147824608612974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147814873633651, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=oLy9CZPgoYbCj3FMTdprPQ==, figureFileBig=odURbaZKmUeF6R6oSqygUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210147824747025018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147814873633651, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption=
Effects of HRU (1 and 10 μmol·L-1) on hERG mRNA levels. HRU reduced hERG mRNA levels. One-way ANOVA, n = 6, $ \stackrel{-}{x} $ ± s. *P < 0.05 vs CTL , figureFileSmall=oLy9CZPgoYbCj3FMTdprPQ==, figureFileBig=odURbaZKmUeF6R6oSqygUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210147824885437059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147814873633651, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=+s17eZQ1D3/DNdH//ABcmw==, figureFileBig=l1SN82N7xaxVv2cxtwdWNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210147824998683276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147814873633651, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption=
HRU reduces hERG protein levels and hERG current after incubation. A, B: Western blot results and statistics for hERG expression levels (n = 5), one-way ANOVA; C: Protocol and representative current tracing on the hERG current under CTL group or HRU-treated 24 h; D: Normalized I-V curve of the hERG current. Student's t test, n = 10, $ \stackrel{-}{x} $ ± s. *P < 0.05 vs CTL , figureFileSmall=+s17eZQ1D3/DNdH//ABcmw==, figureFileBig=l1SN82N7xaxVv2cxtwdWNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210147825107735191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147814873633651, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=qP7tlsanb4WAjD+LiX9LLg==, figureFileBig=QJhr/U4pJGakYK19qOg8tA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210147825233564319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147814873633651, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption=
HRU reduced hERG and Sp1 expression levels. A, B: Representative bands and statistics of Sp1 after HRU incubation for 24 h; C, D: Representative bands and statistics of hERG after transfection with a Sp1 siRNA; E, F: Representative bands and statistics of hERG in cytoplasm; G, H: Representative bands and statistics of Sp1 in nucleus, one-way ANOVA; I: Immunofluorescence showed reduced hERG and Sp1 expression levels by incubation with HRU, green represented hERG protein and red represented Sp1 protein. 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