Article(id=1210147813120414525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210147807885923054, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2021-1661, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1636905600000, receivedDateStr=2021-11-15, revisedDate=1640620800000, revisedDateStr=2021-12-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766451322107, onlineDateStr=2025-12-23, pubDate=1652284800000, pubDateStr=2022-05-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766451322107, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766451322107, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766451322107, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210147807885923054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2022', volume='57', issue='5', pageStart='1219', pageEnd='1540', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766451320859, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766451433476, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210148280286179842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210147807885923054, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210148280286179843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210147807885923054, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1516, endPage=1525, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210147814206739282, articleId=1210147813120414525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Characteristics of the chloroplast genome of
Glycyrrhiza eurycarpa P.C.Li from Xinjiang with comparison and phylogenetic analysis of the chloroplast genomes of the medicinal plants of
Glycyrrhiza, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Glycyrrhiza eurycarpa P.C.Li is a medicinal plant resource and is often mixed with traditional licorice herbs. We sequenced the chloroplast genome of Glycyrrhiza eurycarpa P.C.Li using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology, and physical mapping and genomic characterization was carried out. Comparative genomic analysis was performed with Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. The Glycyrrhiza eurycarpa P.C.Li chloroplast genome was 127 864 bp long with 34.25% GC content, consisting of a large single copy and a small single copy. The genome was missing the inverted repeat (IR) region. A total of 110 genes were annotated, including 76 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. The 301 SSRs, rich in A-T repeats, were detected by MISA. The Glycyrrhiza eurycarpa P.C.Li chloroplast genome showed weak codon preference, and the codons were biased to use A and T bases. Three specific gene fragments of Glycyrrhiza eurycarpa P.C.Li were characterized by homology comparison. Based on Pi analysis, six new high mutation regions (psbZ-psbC, trnC-GCA-rpoB, trnR-UCU-trnG-UCC, ycf2, trnN-GUU-ycf1, ndhA) of medicinal licorice species were determined. The results of phylogenetic analysis indicate that Glycyrrhiza eurycarpa P.C.Li from Xinjiang is an interspecific hybrid taxon closely related to the three medicinal licorice species, and Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat, which is distributed in the same domain, is its male parent. Based on this study, the taxonomic identification, herb-specific DNA fingerprint development, genetic diversity, and molecular plant breeding of medicinal plants of the genus Glycyrrhiza can be established.
, correspAuthors=Jia-hui LU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2022 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jie ZHANG, Jia-hui LU, Qian-qian WANG, Meng-nan LIU, Ke XU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1210147815897043901, articleId=1210147813120414525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=新疆产黄甘草叶绿体基因组特征及甘草属药用植物叶绿体基因组比较与系统发育分析, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
黄甘草为甘草属药用植物资源, 常混于道地甘草药材中。本研究利用Illumina高通量测序技术对黄甘草叶绿体全基因组进行测序, 完成其物理图谱绘制和基因组特征解析, 并与甘草、胀果甘草、光果甘草进行比较基因组学分析, 构建甘草属的系统进化树。黄甘草叶绿体基因组基因组全长127 864 bp, GC含量34.25%, 由一个大单拷贝区(large single copy, LSC)、一个小单拷贝区(small single copy, SSC) 构成, 基因组缺失反向重复IR区, 属于IRLC群体; 共注释得到110个基因, 包括76个蛋白编码基因、30个tRNA基因和4个rRNA基因。MISA共检测出301个SSRs, 富含A-T重复。黄甘草叶绿体基因组密码子偏好性较弱, 密码子偏向使用A和T这两种碱基。通过同源性比对, 筛选出黄甘草的3个特异性基因片段。基于Pi分析获得药用甘草植物6个新的高突变区(psbZ~psbC、trnC-GCA~rpoB、trnR-UCU~trnG-UCC、ycf2、trnN-GUU~ycf1、ndhA)。系统发育分析结果支持新疆产黄甘草为与三种药用甘草关系密切的种间杂交类群, 同域分布的胀果甘草是其父本。本研究为甘草属药用植物正伪品的分类鉴定、药材特异DNA指纹开发和遗传多样性、分子植物育种等研究奠定基础。
, correspAuthors=陆嘉惠, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2022, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=6nA7KkLf7DWiovKBAS5C+w==, magXml=0gAvPtO4RnArPdSg4BnTcA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=U5CaYeolvG+zIhnpeBwlWQ==, pdfFileSize=958052, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=jhLS26jYmKIN4j22qFqhew==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=GFru/udohuJ7MFv4rsDyGQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=张洁, 陆嘉惠, 王倩倩, 刘梦楠, 徐可)}, authors=[Author(id=1210147816471663589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147813120414525, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1210147816639435757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147813120414525, authorId=1210147816471663589, language=EN, stringName=Jie ZHANG, firstName=Jie, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1, 2, *, address=1. College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
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Chloroplast genome map of Glycyrrhiza eurycarpa P.C.Li. Genes inside and outside the circle are transcribed in a clockwise and counter clockwise direction, respectively. Genes are color-coded based on their functions. The grey area in the inner circle indicates the GC content of the chloroplast genome , figureFileSmall=89hmGBrPl6sjvxSwu7W7PA==, figureFileBig=jhLS26jYmKIN4j22qFqhew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210147820816961858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147813120414525, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=I0pLgUA1wt0F4JodUUgduQ==, figureFileBig=w+ErA8LusV4iz5ME2NuBXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210147820926013774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147813120414525, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption=
Codon relative usage of 20 amino acids in chloroplast genome protein encoding genes of four Glycyrrhiza species , figureFileSmall=I0pLgUA1wt0F4JodUUgduQ==, figureFileBig=w+ErA8LusV4iz5ME2NuBXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210147821051842910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147813120414525, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=vR+A0dO0u5vLHfrcvwp3hQ==, figureFileBig=MSGN3gBdk7wHPYmLPNJ1Rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210147821148311914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147813120414525, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption=
The number and coding rate of 20 amino acids in chloroplast genome protein coding genes of four Glycyrrhiza species , figureFileSmall=vR+A0dO0u5vLHfrcvwp3hQ==, figureFileBig=MSGN3gBdk7wHPYmLPNJ1Rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210147821253169527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147813120414525, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=OyxF+Nbq5idrnz6paFOmdA==, figureFileBig=fi5tVZGbpXvy9ju0+fn/UQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210147821349638533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147813120414525, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption=
Collinearity analysis of chloroplast genome sequences of Glycyrrhiza species. The vertical scale, ranging from 50% to 100%, indicates the percentage of identity calculated in sliding windows. The horizontal axis indicates the coordinates within the chloroplast genome. Different colors correspond to the types of the genome regions. Blue: Regions coding for proteins; Pink: Regions that are non-coding; Light blue: Regions coding for tRNAs and rRNAs , figureFileSmall=OyxF+Nbq5idrnz6paFOmdA==, figureFileBig=fi5tVZGbpXvy9ju0+fn/UQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210147821458690454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147813120414525, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=t+b5+EBKx+M5icOSZvmEzQ==, figureFileBig=tGiN0eK4xLsFz7Yc1qc40A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210147821555159457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147813120414525, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption=
High nucleotide mutation sites of Glycyrrhiza species. Window length: 200 bp; Step size: 100 bp. *bp , figureFileSmall=t+b5+EBKx+M5icOSZvmEzQ==, figureFileBig=tGiN0eK4xLsFz7Yc1qc40A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210147822792479153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147813120414525, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=JULNJVgBnT4MzCIpP4YTeg==, figureFileBig=obrgrYpnCNRI2ZsahLQCwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210147822922502587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147813120414525, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption=
ML phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the whole chloroplast genome sequence , figureFileSmall=JULNJVgBnT4MzCIpP4YTeg==, figureFileBig=obrgrYpnCNRI2ZsahLQCwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210147823077691844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147813120414525, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Genome feature | G. uralensis Fisch. | G. inflata Bat. | G. eurycarpa P.C.Li | G. glabra L. |
| Genome size/bp | 127 888 | 127 891 | 127 864 | 127 895 |
| GC content | 34.26% | 34.25% | 34.25% | 34.20% |
| Number of genes | 110 | 110 | 110 | 110 |
| Number of CDS genes | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 |
| Number of tRNA genes | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| Number of rRNA genes | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
), ArticleFig(id=1210147823178355152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147813120414525, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=
Comparison of chloroplast genome characteristics of four Glycyrrhiza species
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Genome feature | G. uralensis Fisch. | G. inflata Bat. | G. eurycarpa P.C.Li | G. glabra L. |
| Genome size/bp | 127 888 | 127 891 | 127 864 | 127 895 |
| GC content | 34.26% | 34.25% | 34.25% | 34.20% |
| Number of genes | 110 | 110 | 110 | 110 |
| Number of CDS genes | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 |
| Number of tRNA genes | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| Number of rRNA genes | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
), ArticleFig(id=1210147823308378590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147813120414525, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Category | Gene group | Gene name |
| Photosynthesis | Subunits of photosystem I | psaA, psaB, psaC, psaI, psaJ, ycf3 |
| Subunits of photosystem II | psbA, psbB, psbC, psbD, psbE, psbF, psbH, psbI, psbJ, psbL, psbK, psbM, psbT, psbZ |
| Subunits of NADH dehydrogenase | ndhA, ndhB, ndhC, ndhD, ndhE, ndhF, ndhG, ndhH, ndhI, ndhJ, ndhK |
| Subunits of cytochrome b/f complex | petA, petB, petD, petG, petL, petN |
| Subunits of ATP synthase | atpA, atpB, atpE, atpF, atpH, atpI |
| Large subunit of rubisco | rbcL |
| Self-replication | Large subunits of ribosome | rpl14, rpl16, rpl2, rpl20, rpl22, rpl23, rpl32, rpl33, rpl36 |
| Small subunits of ribosome | rps11, rps12, rps14, rps15, rps18, rps19, rps2, rps3, rps4, rps7, rps8 |
| DNA-dependent RNA polymerase | rpoA, rpoB, rpoC1, rpoC2 |
| Ribosomal RNAs | rrn16, rrn23, rrn4.5, rrn5 |
| Transfer RNAs | trnA-UGC, trnC-GCA, trnD-GUC, trnE-UUC, trnF-GAA, trnG-GCC, trnG-UCC, trnH-GUG, trnI-GAU, trnK-UUU, trnL-CAA, trnL-UAA, trnL-UAG, trnM-CAU, trnI-CAU, trnN-GUU, trnP-UGG, trnQ-UUG, trnR-ACG, trnR-UCU, trnS-GCU, trnS-GGA, trnS-UGA, trnT-GGU, trnT-UGU, trnV-GAC, trnV-UAC, trnW-CCA, trnY-GUA, trnfM-CAU |
| Other genes | Maturase | matK |
| Protease | clpP1 |
| Envelope membrane protein | cemA |
| Acetyl-CoA carboxylase | accD |
| C-type cytochrome synthesis gene | ccsA |
| Translation initiation factor | - |
| Genes of unknown | Proteins of unknown function | ycf1, ycf2, ycf4 |
), ArticleFig(id=1210147823438402027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147813120414525, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=
Gene composition in the chloroplast genome of Glycyrrhiza species
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Category | Gene group | Gene name |
| Photosynthesis | Subunits of photosystem I | psaA, psaB, psaC, psaI, psaJ, ycf3 |
| Subunits of photosystem II | psbA, psbB, psbC, psbD, psbE, psbF, psbH, psbI, psbJ, psbL, psbK, psbM, psbT, psbZ |
| Subunits of NADH dehydrogenase | ndhA, ndhB, ndhC, ndhD, ndhE, ndhF, ndhG, ndhH, ndhI, ndhJ, ndhK |
| Subunits of cytochrome b/f complex | petA, petB, petD, petG, petL, petN |
| Subunits of ATP synthase | atpA, atpB, atpE, atpF, atpH, atpI |
| Large subunit of rubisco | rbcL |
| Self-replication | Large subunits of ribosome | rpl14, rpl16, rpl2, rpl20, rpl22, rpl23, rpl32, rpl33, rpl36 |
| Small subunits of ribosome | rps11, rps12, rps14, rps15, rps18, rps19, rps2, rps3, rps4, rps7, rps8 |
| DNA-dependent RNA polymerase | rpoA, rpoB, rpoC1, rpoC2 |
| Ribosomal RNAs | rrn16, rrn23, rrn4.5, rrn5 |
| Transfer RNAs | trnA-UGC, trnC-GCA, trnD-GUC, trnE-UUC, trnF-GAA, trnG-GCC, trnG-UCC, trnH-GUG, trnI-GAU, trnK-UUU, trnL-CAA, trnL-UAA, trnL-UAG, trnM-CAU, trnI-CAU, trnN-GUU, trnP-UGG, trnQ-UUG, trnR-ACG, trnR-UCU, trnS-GCU, trnS-GGA, trnS-UGA, trnT-GGU, trnT-UGU, trnV-GAC, trnV-UAC, trnW-CCA, trnY-GUA, trnfM-CAU |
| Other genes | Maturase | matK |
| Protease | clpP1 |
| Envelope membrane protein | cemA |
| Acetyl-CoA carboxylase | accD |
| C-type cytochrome synthesis gene | ccsA |
| Translation initiation factor | - |
| Genes of unknown | Proteins of unknown function | ycf1, ycf2, ycf4 |
), ArticleFig(id=1210147823547453947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147813120414525, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Repeat type | Repeat unit | G. uralensis Fisch. | G. inflata Bat. | G. eurycarpa P.C.Li | G. glabra L. |
| Number of repeated units/% |
| Mono-nucletide | A (10-16), T (10-14) | 33 (41.8) | 32 (42.7) | 32 (43.2) | 30 (40.0) |
| C (10-11) | 1 (1.3) | 2 (2.7) | 1 (1.4) | 1 (1.3) |
| Di-nucletide | TA (5-6), AT (5-7) | 19 (24.1) | 17 (22.7) | 17 (22.3) | 18 (24) |
| GA (5), AG (5) | 2 (2.5) | 2 (2.7) | 2 (2.7) | 2 (2.7) |
| Tri-nucletide | AAT, TTA, TAG | 3 (3.8) | 2 (2.7) | 2 (2.7) | 3 (4) |
| Tetra-nucletide | AAAT, AGGT, TAAA, TATC, TATT, TTAA, TTCT | 8 (10.1) | 8 (10.7) | 8 (10.9) | 8 (10.7) |
| Compound | | 13 (16.5) | 12 (16.0) | 12 (16.2) | 13 (17.3) |
| Total | | 79 | 75 | 74 | 75 |
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SSR motifs and numbers in chloroplast genomes of four Glycyrrhiza species
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| Repeat type | Repeat unit | G. uralensis Fisch. | G. inflata Bat. | G. eurycarpa P.C.Li | G. glabra L. |
| Number of repeated units/% |
| Mono-nucletide | A (10-16), T (10-14) | 33 (41.8) | 32 (42.7) | 32 (43.2) | 30 (40.0) |
| C (10-11) | 1 (1.3) | 2 (2.7) | 1 (1.4) | 1 (1.3) |
| Di-nucletide | TA (5-6), AT (5-7) | 19 (24.1) | 17 (22.7) | 17 (22.3) | 18 (24) |
| GA (5), AG (5) | 2 (2.5) | 2 (2.7) | 2 (2.7) | 2 (2.7) |
| Tri-nucletide | AAT, TTA, TAG | 3 (3.8) | 2 (2.7) | 2 (2.7) | 3 (4) |
| Tetra-nucletide | AAAT, AGGT, TAAA, TATC, TATT, TTAA, TTCT | 8 (10.1) | 8 (10.7) | 8 (10.9) | 8 (10.7) |
| Compound | | 13 (16.5) | 12 (16.0) | 12 (16.2) | 13 (17.3) |
| Total | | 79 | 75 | 74 | 75 |
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| Parameter | T3s | C3s | A3s | G3s | Nc | GC3s | GC |
| G. uralensis Fisch. | 0.416 8 | 0.219 6 | 0.428 1 | 0.228 1 | 53.76 | 0.330 | 0.352 |
| G. inflata Bat. | 0.424 1 | 0.215 8 | 0.430 3 | 0.233 0 | 53.99 | 0.328 | 0.352 |
| G. eurycarpa P.C.Li | 0.424 4 | 0.215 4 | 0.432 9 | 0.231 4 | 53.80 | 0.327 | 0.352 |
| G. glabra L. | 0.419 2 | 0.215 8 | 0.433 7 | 0.227 0 | 53.72 | 0.326 | 0.352 |
), ArticleFig(id=1210147823853638176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147813120414525, language=CN, label=Table 4, caption=
Overall characteristics of codon usage of four Glycyrrhiza species chloroplast genome
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Parameter | T3s | C3s | A3s | G3s | Nc | GC3s | GC |
| G. uralensis Fisch. | 0.416 8 | 0.219 6 | 0.428 1 | 0.228 1 | 53.76 | 0.330 | 0.352 |
| G. inflata Bat. | 0.424 1 | 0.215 8 | 0.430 3 | 0.233 0 | 53.99 | 0.328 | 0.352 |
| G. eurycarpa P.C.Li | 0.424 4 | 0.215 4 | 0.432 9 | 0.231 4 | 53.80 | 0.327 | 0.352 |
| G. glabra L. | 0.419 2 | 0.215 8 | 0.433 7 | 0.227 0 | 53.72 | 0.326 | 0.352 |
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