Article(id=1209788328346521821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1209788321396552074, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2021-1109, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1627315200000, receivedDateStr=2021-07-27, revisedDate=1629820800000, revisedDateStr=2021-08-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766365614258, onlineDateStr=2025-12-22, pubDate=1644595200000, pubDateStr=2022-02-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766365614258, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766365614258, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766365614258, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1209788321396552074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2022', volume='57', issue='2', pageStart='251', pageEnd='546', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766365612600, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766370652531, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1209809460445451136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1209788321396552074, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1209809460445451137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1209788321396552074, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=375, endPage=384, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1209788328807895277, articleId=1209788328346521821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Investigation on therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms of Kunxian capsule against diabetic kidney disease
via reversing the imbalance of "immune-inflammation" network, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Drug repositioning provides new clinical indications for existing drugs. The imbalance between body's "immune-inflammation" regulation is one of the important factors in the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Chinese patent medicine Kunxian capsule is clinically used for treating rheumatoid arthritis with satisfying immune-modulatory and anti-inflammatory actions. Notably, accumulating clinical evidence based on small cohorts had shown that Kunxian capsule may be used to treat DN. But the underlying pharmacological mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, this study integrated "drug target-disease gene-biological pathway-function module" multi-level associated network analysis, and in vivo and in vitro experiments, to verify the pharmacological effects of Kunxian capsules in DN and to elucidate its molecular mechanisms. The experimental protocol was reviewed by the Laboratory Animal Welfare and Ethics Committee of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, and it complies with the relevant regulations on laboratory animal welfare and ethics. As a result, the network analysis showed that the candidate targets of Kunxian capsule against DN were significantly involved into various functional modules which were related to modulation of immune-inflammation system, basement membrane lesion, abnormal hemorheology, energy metabolism and hormone metabolism, and the number of targets enriched by PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway is the largest. In addition, both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that Kunxian capsule by gavage effectively reduced blood glucose, improved insulin resistance, reduced blood lipid, inhibited renal extracellular matrix protein production and renal inflammation, improved renal function and pathological damages, and inhibited the activity of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB/TNF-α/IL-1β pathway in diabetic nephropathy rats. Collectively, these findings suggest the therapeutic potentials of Kunxian capsule to alleviate DN by regulating the imbalance of immune-inflammation system.
, correspAuthors=Yan-qiong ZHANG, Na LIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2022 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yu-dong LIU, Zhao-chen MA, Cong-chong LI, Ya LIN, Yan-qiong ZHANG, Na LIN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1209788331865543010, articleId=1209788328346521821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=昆仙胶囊通过矫正“免疫-炎症”失衡网络有效干预糖尿病肾病的潜能及其分子机制研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
药物重定位为现有药物提供了新的临床适应症。机体的"免疫-炎症"调节失衡是糖尿病肾病发生、发展的重要因素之一。中成药昆仙胶囊具有显著的抗炎和免疫调节作用,且有少量临床证据表明,该药具有缓解糖尿病肾病的潜能,但其作用机制尚不明确。因此,本研究整合"疾病基因-药物靶标-生物通路-功能模块"多层次关联网络分析及体内、体外实验验证,探究昆仙胶囊治疗糖尿病肾病的药理作用及其分子机制。实验方案经中国中医科学院实验动物福利与伦理委员会审查,符合实验动物福利与伦理相关规定。网络分析结果表明,昆仙胶囊干预糖尿病肾病的候选网络靶标可显著参与调节机体免疫-炎症反应、缓解肾脏基底膜病变、调节肾脏血液流变学异常、调节机体能量代谢和各类激素代谢的功能模块,且参与PI3K/AKT/NF-κB通路的网络靶标数目最多。进一步的体内、体外实验验证表明,昆仙胶囊灌胃给药可有效降低糖尿病肾病大鼠的血糖并改善胰岛素抵抗、降低血脂水平、抑制肾脏细胞外基质蛋白的生成和肾脏炎症、改善肾脏功能及病理损伤,并能够有效抑制PI3K/AKT/NF-κB/TNF-α/IL-1β通路的活性。可见,昆仙胶囊具有通过调节机体"免疫-炎症"失衡而缓解糖尿病肾病的潜能。
, correspAuthors=张彦琼, 林娜, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2022, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=+dOYfAVWZaazmzOYnvuykg==, magXml=jF9Kw5/SFLuTdMWlVzivFA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ynMnUcbedMhEbrfRIJPy8A==, pdfFileSize=8113015, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=ziTvv7CYHTwrPw2EiOVepA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=R8iPLn4WsJnOWTAI/xixng==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=刘毓东, 马兆臣, 李聪翀, 林雅, 张彦琼, 林娜)}, authors=[Author(id=1209809046329233510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1209788328346521821, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1209809046455062648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1209788328346521821, authorId=1209809046329233510, language=EN, stringName=Yu-dong LIU, firstName=Yu-dong, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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Enrichment analysis shows that Kunxian capsule (KXC) has the potentials to treat diabetic nephropathy (DN). A: Number of putative targets of KXC involved into different functional modules; B: Different color bubbles represent different functional modules, and the different sizes with the same color represent the number of targets involved into the functional module; C: The top three pathways involved into each functional module , figureFileSmall=qoDqYruM1GNxnTOShXqdNQ==, figureFileBig=7eic6hm/pkFfHX8qj+eZcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209809052834599511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1209788328346521821, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=gpdNFCwV4sTEM2ddyqUVbQ==, figureFileBig=aSqdPekR0NhYYJSet9VAuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209809052998177386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1209788328346521821, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption=
Enriched functional modules of KXC intervention in DN based on the "drug-disease" interaction network , figureFileSmall=gpdNFCwV4sTEM2ddyqUVbQ==, figureFileBig=aSqdPekR0NhYYJSet9VAuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209809053153366649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1209788328346521821, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ena8NKDNErOBUJd2o/UyTg==, figureFileBig=VfaPBs9Vw9OgX73NRaAsqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209809053287584393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1209788328346521821, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption=
Effects of KXC on biochemical indexes, lipid metabolism and liver function in DN rats of different groups (n = 32). Changes of body weight (A), urine volume (B), blood glucose (C) in 9 weeks. Changes of insulin (INS) (D), c peptide (C-P) (E), glycated hemoglobin (GHb) (F) in 6-9 weeks. Changes of lipid metabolism (G-J) and liver function (K-N). Data were represented as $ \overline{x} $ ± s from three independent experiments. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 vs the CON group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs the MOD group , figureFileSmall=ena8NKDNErOBUJd2o/UyTg==, figureFileBig=VfaPBs9Vw9OgX73NRaAsqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209809053430190748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1209788328346521821, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Hw634FYtQvKmi175/3xWtw==, figureFileBig=dn6I7SLUyADDu876T+qRuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209809053556019884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1209788328346521821, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption=
Effects of KXC on the histological changes of kidney in DN rats of different groups (n = 32). A: Boxes represent the area with typical pathological changes (scale bar: 200×: 100 μm; 400×: 50 μm); B-D: Localizations and immunoreactive scores of collagen I (CO I) and fibronectin (FN) proteins in kidney tissues of DN rats examined by immunohistochemistry (scale bar: 50 μm). Data were represented as $ \overline{x} $ ± s from three independent experiments. ###P < 0.001 vs the CON group; ***P < 0.001 vs the MOD group , figureFileSmall=Hw634FYtQvKmi175/3xWtw==, figureFileBig=dn6I7SLUyADDu876T+qRuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209809053681849017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1209788328346521821, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=yLTHZjOMkufOniJYoocs2g==, figureFileBig=A8vAe1csnwiVvrprGczqtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209809053790900938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1209788328346521821, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption=
Expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β, A) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α, B) in serum of DN rats. Expression of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and phosphorylation-phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (p-PI3K), phosphorylation-protein kinase B (p-AKT) and phosphorylation-nuclear factor kappa B (p-NF-κB) proteins in kidney tissues of DN rats (C-E) (n = 32). Data were represented as $ \overline{x} $ ± s from three independent experiments. ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 vs the CON group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs the MOD group , figureFileSmall=yLTHZjOMkufOniJYoocs2g==, figureFileBig=A8vAe1csnwiVvrprGczqtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209809053891564245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1209788328346521821, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=BGxVzTp2gm7qg8wNEyl+Hw==, figureFileBig=BjFavm7s5cDHFrnkazKfOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209809054009004772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1209788328346521821, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption=
Levels of IL-1β (A), TNF-α (B), FN (C), and Co I (D) in cell supernatant of HK-2 cells. Expression of PI3K, AKT, NF-κB, and p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-NF-κB proteins in HK-2 cells (E-G, respectively). Data were represented as $ \overline{x} $ ± s from three independent experiments. ###P < 0.001 vs the CON group; *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001 vs the MOD group , figureFileSmall=BGxVzTp2gm7qg8wNEyl+Hw==, figureFileBig=BjFavm7s5cDHFrnkazKfOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209809054155805427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1209788328346521821, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=vWg6C7U6xFtRYw65jLyU8g==, figureFileBig=vUzqQ88w7HEZSK7QM2fcfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1209809054264857347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1209788328346521821, language=CN, label=Figure 7, caption=
Immunofluorescence analysis shows the translocation of NF-κB (p65) protein to the nucleus in DN kidney tissues (A, B, n = 32). Data were represented as $ \overline{x} $ ± s from three independent experiments (scale bar: 50 μm). ###P < 0.001 vs the CON group; ***P < 0.001 vs the MOD group. 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