Article(id=1208489299360727794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1208489265789518263, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2021-0984, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1625155200000, receivedDateStr=2021-07-02, revisedDate=1629388800000, revisedDateStr=2021-08-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766055901613, onlineDateStr=2025-12-18, pubDate=1636646400000, pubDateStr=2021-11-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766055901613, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766055901613, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766055901613, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208489265789518263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2021', volume='56', issue='11', pageStart='2881', pageEnd='3202', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766055893609, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766137012710, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208829504026448153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1208489265789518263, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208829504026448154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1208489265789518263, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2977, endPage=2984, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208489300593853233, articleId=1208489299360727794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Suplatast tosilate attenuates pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting the GATA3 induced Th2 differentiation, columnId=1208489298932908784, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Special Reports: Recent Advances in Visceral Organ Fibrosis and Antifibrotic Drug Discovery, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic respiratory inflammation disease that threatens human health. The topical immune microenvironment of lung tissue regulates progression of fibrosis. In this study, the efficacy and molecular mechanism of suplatast tosilate (ST) against PF were observed. ST is a T helper 2 (Th2) cytokine inhibitor for clinical treatment of bronchial asthma. But whether it can be applied to therapy of chronic PF and the biomechanism of ST inhibiting Th2 cytokine release are not clear. Using in vivo and in vitro experiments, we found that ST can significantly suppress the pathogenesis of chronic PF induced by multiple bleomycin injury, improve the lung function, and decrease the deposition of collagen in lung tissue. In addition, ST decreases Th2 cytokine releasing through restraining Th2 cell differentiation in the meantime, but did not influence the T helper 1 (Th1) cell differentiation and Th1 cytokine releasing. Further studies showed that ST inhibits Th2 cell differentiation by down-regulating GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3) expression and activity through inhibiting the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). The excessive expression of GATA3 in lungs can reverse the anti-PF effect of ST. All procedures involving animal treatment were approved according to the Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments of the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Our research not only clarifies the pharmacological mechanism of ST, but also provides a new selection for clinical anti-PF drug therapy.
, correspAuthors=Xiao-xi LÜ, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2021 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Chang LIU, Shan-shan LIU, Yun-xuan LI, Fang HUA, Xiao-xi LÜ), CN=ArticleExt(id=1208489303030743074, articleId=1208489299360727794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=甲磺司特通过抑制GATA3介导的Th2细胞分化治疗肺纤维化, columnId=1208489300275086094, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=专题报道:脏器纤维化疾病与抗纤维化药物研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
肺纤维化是威胁人类健康的慢性呼吸系统炎性疾病。肺部组织局部的免疫微环境调控了纤维化疾病进程。本研究观察了甲磺司特抗肺纤维化疗效及其生物学机制。甲磺司特是辅助性T细胞2(T helper 2,Th2)细胞因子抑制剂,用于临床支气管哮喘的治疗,但其是否能用于慢性肺纤维化的治疗及抑制Th2细胞因子释放的生物学机制并不清晰。通过体内及体外研究发现,甲磺斯特可以显著抑制多次博莱霉素损伤所致慢性肺纤维化发病,改善肺功能,减少肺部胶原沉积。同时甲磺司特通过抑制Th2细胞分化,显著减少Th2型细胞因子释放,但并不影响辅助性T细胞1(T helper 1,Th1)细胞分化及Th1型细胞因子释放。进一步研究显示甲磺司特通过抑制信号传导及转录激活蛋白5(signal transducer and activator of transcription 5,STAT5)及哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶标(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)的磷酸化,下调GATA结合蛋白3(GATA-binding protein 3,GATA3)的表达及活性抑制Th2细胞分化。肺部过表达GATA3可以翻转甲磺司特的抗肺纤维化疗效。本实验所有动物实验均通过中国医学科学院药物研究所伦理审查委员会审查。本研究不仅阐释了甲磺司特的药理学作用机制,还为临床抗肺纤维化药物治疗提供了新的选择。
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Suplatast tosilate (ST) attenuates pulmonary fibrosis (PF) development. A: Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE, up) and Masson staining (down) were analyzed to evaluate the lung fibrotic changes of multiple bleomycin (mBLM)-challenged mice along with ST treatment. Scale bars, 2 mm; B, C: Hydroxyproline content (B) and lung index (C) were assessed to evaluate the PF changes; D: Pulmonary function indices including inspiratory capacity (IC), respiratory system resistance (Rrs), respiratory system elastance (Ers), and respiratory system compliance (Crs) were detected in indicated mice. n = 8, mean ± SEM. Statistical significance among groups was determined by one-way ANOVA , figureFileSmall=Smz8bO8rbMUsLLNGshvQ3w==, figureFileBig=IW2GczQy1cJ8Y/WtbPNKdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208489309800350292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208489299360727794, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Db25THN3pkcRqhXqn9YFWg==, figureFileBig=d0dyT3/Hf4NIOE89ot7vqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208489309951345256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208489299360727794, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption=
ST promotes T helper 1 (Th1) polarization and restrains T helper 2 (Th2) polarization. A: Flow cytometry analyses (left) and quantitative diagram (right) of Th1 and Th2 cell percentage in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from indicated mice (n = 6); B: Contents of Th1 cytokines were measured in BALF (n = 6); C: Contents of Th2 cytokines were detected in BALF (n = 6); D: Th2 polarization proportion in splenic T cells was measured by flow cytometry after indicated treatment (n = 5, Th2 inducer: 10 ng·mL-1 IL-4, 30 U·mL-1 IL-2, 2 000 ng·mL-1 soluble anti-CD28, and 5 000 ng·mL-1 anti-IFN-γ; E: Proportion of Th1 differentiation in splenic T cells was analyzed by flow cytometry after indicated exposure (n = 5, Th1 inducer: 15 ng·mL-1 IL-12, 30 U·mL-1 IL-2, and 5 000 ng·mL-1 anti-IL-4). Mean ± SEM. Statistical significance among groups was determined by one-way ANOVA. PBS: Phosphate buffer saline; IFN-γ: Interferon-γ; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; IL: Interleukin , figureFileSmall=Db25THN3pkcRqhXqn9YFWg==, figureFileBig=d0dyT3/Hf4NIOE89ot7vqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208489310085562998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208489299360727794, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=VUK5tEhGtoe5+zv27CzfeQ==, figureFileBig=Hopfj13KW3fzf6mJf3vnaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208489310194614920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208489299360727794, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption=
ST down-regulates expression of GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3). A: HEK293 cells were transfected with GATA3-luc reporter gene plasmid. Luciferase assays were performed to evaluate the function of GATA3 after ST treatment (n = 5); B: The mRNA levels of GATA3 in Th2 cells with ST treatment. Th2 cells were generated from splenic T cells with Th2 inducers (n = 6); C: Western blot of GATA3 expression in Th2 cells after ST 500 μmol·L-1 exposure (n = 5); D: HEK293 cells were transfected with TBRE-TK-luc reporter gene plasmid. Luciferase assays were performed to evaluate the function of T-bet after ST treatment (n = 5); E: RT-PCR assays showed the mRNA levels of T-bet in Th1 cells after ST exposure. Th1 cells were differentiated from splenic T cells with Th1 inducers (n = 6); F: Western blot of T-bet expression in Th1 cells after ST 500 μmol·L-1 exposure (n = 5). Mean ± SEM. Statistical significance between the two groups was determined by unpaired two-tailed Student's t-test, statistical significance among groups was determined by one-way ANOVA. Th2 inducer: 10 ng·mL-1 IL-4, 30 U·mL-1 IL-2, 2 000 ng·mL-1 soluble anti-CD28, and 5 000 ng·mL-1 anti-IFN-γ; Th1 inducer: 15 ng·mL-1 IL-12, 30 U·mL-1 IL-2, and 5 000 ng·mL-1 anti-IL-4 , figureFileSmall=VUK5tEhGtoe5+zv27CzfeQ==, figureFileBig=Hopfj13KW3fzf6mJf3vnaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208489310345609884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208489299360727794, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=amsnLXhv4SIBef4cKCd5fg==, figureFileBig=B1Z4i/u9Cg8HwOPLP/i71Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208489310450467495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208489299360727794, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption=
ST inhibits upstream signaling pathways of GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3). A: Western blot of phosphorylated and total signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) expression in differentiated Th2 cells with ST 500 μmol·L-1 treatment. Quantitative diagram demonstrated the ratio of p-STAT6 to STAT6 (n = 3); B: Western blot of phosphorylated and total signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) expression in Th2 cells after ST 500 μmol·L-1 treatment. The proportion of p-STAT5 to STAT5 was quantified (n = 3); C: Western blot of phosphorylated and total mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) expression along with ratio of p-mTOR/mTOR in differentiated Th2 cells with ST exposure (n = 3). Mean ± SEM. Statistical significance between the two groups was determined by unpaired two-tailed Student's t-test , figureFileSmall=amsnLXhv4SIBef4cKCd5fg==, figureFileBig=B1Z4i/u9Cg8HwOPLP/i71Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208489310563713715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208489299360727794, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=IGllD0BhoAl5F79mhCNKHw==, figureFileBig=pj7SuQ57NzlYhaIarMvYRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208489310723097286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208489299360727794, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption=
Overexpression of GATA3 relieves the anti-fibrosis effect of ST. A: HE (up) and Masson staining (down) were performed to evaluate the lung fibrotic changes of mBLM-exposed mice along with indicated treatment. Scale bars, 2 mm; B-D: Hydroxyproline content (B), lung index (C), and Crs (D) were assessed to evaluate the PF changes of treated mice. n = 6, mean ± SEM. 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