Article(id=1208489297699779370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1208489268704555590, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2021-0481, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1617206400000, receivedDateStr=2021-04-01, revisedDate=1626710400000, revisedDateStr=2021-07-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766055901217, onlineDateStr=2025-12-18, pubDate=1633968000000, pubDateStr=2021-10-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766055901217, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766055901217, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766055901217, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208489268704555590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2021', volume='56', issue='10', pageStart='2597', pageEnd='2880', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766055894304, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766137041718, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208829625678033640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1208489268704555590, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208829625682227945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1208489268704555590, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2849, endPage=2857, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208489298366673778, articleId=1208489297699779370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=The processing mechanism of epimedium fried with suet oil to warm kidney and enhance yang based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS metabonomics, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
The metabonomics method was used to explore the processing and synergistic mechanism of epimedium fried with suet oil in warming the kidney and enhancing yang. The kidney-yang deficiency rat model was established by injection of hydrocortisone. Then the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS (ultra-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry) metabolomics method was combined with multivariate statistical analysis methods and univariate statistical analysis to screen and identify kidney-yang deficiency potential biomarkers in plasma and urine samples. Finally the metabolic regulation mechanism of suet oil group, the epimedium raw product group, the epimedium heating product group, and the epimedium fried with suet oil group improved kidney-yang deficiency was analyzed. The results showed that the plasma and urine metabolism of rats with kidney-yang deficiency induced by hydrocortisone showed obvious trajectory changes. 15 biomarkers related to kidney-yang deficiency were identified in plasma and urine, involving 5 metabolic pathways, namely glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, sulfur metabolism, glyoxylate acid and dicarboxylate metabolism, and cysteine and methionine metabolism. The metabolic pathway of epimedium fried with suet oil warming kidney and promoting yang involved glycerophospholipid metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and the two processing factors of epimedium fried with suet oil "heating" and "suet oil" enhanced its function of warming the kidney and promoting yang by regulating glycerophospholipid metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, respectively. In this way, the processing and synergistic mechanism of epimedium fried with suet oil was clarified. The animal experiments involved in this article comply with ethical standards and have been approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine (approval number: AEWC-20200702-119).
, correspAuthors=E SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2021 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ling WANG, E SUN, Jian HOU, Jin-di XU, Shu-chen GUO, Ying-jie WEI, Xiao-bin JIA), CN=ArticleExt(id=1208489301948608632, articleId=1208489297699779370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于UPLC-Q-TOF-MS代谢组学研究炙淫羊藿温肾助阳的炮制机制, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
采用代谢组学方法探究炙淫羊藿温肾助阳和炮制增效机制。建立氢化可的松诱导的大鼠肾阳虚证模型,基于UPLC-Q-TOF-MS(ultra-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry)代谢组学方法,联合多元统计分析和单变量统计分析,筛选并鉴定血浆、尿液样品中与肾阳虚相关的潜在生物标志物,分析羊脂油组、淫羊藿生品组、淫羊藿加热品组、淫羊藿炙品组改善肾阳虚证的代谢调控机制。结果显示,氢化可的松诱导的肾阳虚大鼠血浆、尿液代谢呈现明显的轨迹变化,在血浆和尿液中鉴定出15种与肾阳虚相关的生物标志物,涉及5条代谢通路,分别为甘油磷脂代谢、鞘脂代谢、硫代谢、乙醛酸和二羧酸代谢、半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢。炙淫羊藿温肾助阳的代谢通路涉及甘油磷脂代谢、半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢,而炙淫羊藿两个炮制因素“加热”“羊脂油”分别通过调节甘油磷脂代谢、半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢来增强其温肾助阳的作用,进而阐明了炙淫羊藿的炮制增效机制。本文涉及的动物实验符合伦理学标准,并且已获得江苏省中医药研究院动物伦理委员会批准(批准号:AEWC-20200702-119)。
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Total ion chromatogram of QC sample. A: Plasma, B: Urine. 1: LysoPC(15∶0); 2: PE(22∶4(7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z)/22∶5(7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z, 19Z)); 3: Glucosylceramide (d18∶1/9Z-18∶1); 4: PI(18∶3(9Z, 12Z, 15Z)/18∶0); 5: PI(18∶0/18∶0); 6: 5'-Methylthioadenosine; 7: 4-Hydroxyphenylacetylglutamine; 8: alpha-N-Phenylacetyl-L-glutamine; 9: 4-Hydroxy-5-phenyltetrahydro-1, 3-oxazin-2-one; 10: Aminoparathion; 11: Flecainide; 12: Hydroxypyruvic acid; 13: Ascorbic acid; 14: Adenosine phosphosulfate; 15: beta-Cortolone , figureFileSmall=QCFWSr/kWiy8LZYHdI5nzQ==, figureFileBig=fFugafk6GeNf2CTQyhuAOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208489309859066605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208489297699779370, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=QKJWRSD6bEC/5Sp2Ex+D0A==, figureFileBig=jJQpNAjk0dZfQ4soL6h2FQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208489309942952697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208489297699779370, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption=
PCA scores plots of plasma and urine samples in rats. Control: Control group; Model: Model group; YZY: Suet oil group; SP: Epimedium raw product group; JRP: Epimedium heating product group; ZP: Epimedium fried with suet oil group. (control group vs model group. A: Plasma; B: Urine, the PCA scores plots of six group; C: Plasma; D: Urine) , figureFileSmall=QKJWRSD6bEC/5Sp2Ex+D0A==, figureFileBig=jJQpNAjk0dZfQ4soL6h2FQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208489310068781824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208489297699779370, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=JFiVnaEDlbuFANJpWykEDA==, figureFileBig=0y8FBMEwdMsGQhYWIJnINQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208489310169445128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208489297699779370, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption=
Screening of biomarkers in rats with kidney-yang deficiency. (control group vs model group, A: Plasma OPLS-DA scores plots; B: Urine OPLS-DA scores plots; C: Plasma OPLS-DA replacement test; D: Urine OPLS-DA replacement test; E: Plasma S-plot; F: Urine S-plot) , figureFileSmall=JFiVnaEDlbuFANJpWykEDA==, figureFileBig=0y8FBMEwdMsGQhYWIJnINQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208489310295274259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208489297699779370, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=0SpagC/8p5tC1FRUyfGskQ==, figureFileBig=OSicqNgJyIQL5jxBskCCGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208489310387548955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208489297699779370, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption=
The levels of potential biomarkers of kidney-yang deficiency in each group. (compared with the control group, *P < 0.05; compared with the model group, #P < 0.05) , figureFileSmall=0SpagC/8p5tC1FRUyfGskQ==, figureFileBig=OSicqNgJyIQL5jxBskCCGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208489310521766692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208489297699779370, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=inDX4ouQo0wvyDu11l2NAA==, figureFileBig=cBG/q5RGbCrv/aiPvj2fNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208489310702121777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208489297699779370, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption=
Pathways analysis of potential biomarkers. A: Plasma metabolic pathway analysis; B: Urine metabolic pathway analysis , figureFileSmall=inDX4ouQo0wvyDu11l2NAA==, figureFileBig=cBG/q5RGbCrv/aiPvj2fNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208489310832145208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208489297699779370, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=4q3IyLmqwuP1VsTyYcKH2Q==, figureFileBig=ACVY0YZVxY2a1ngEV+YUrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208489310911836990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208489297699779370, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption=
The metabolic network involved in kidney-yang deficiency. Red fonts up-regulated metabolites, and blue fonts down-regulated metabolites in the model vs control; purple fonts represent the metabolic pathways , figureFileSmall=4q3IyLmqwuP1VsTyYcKH2Q==, figureFileBig=ACVY0YZVxY2a1ngEV+YUrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208489311012500295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208489297699779370, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Sample | No. | m/z | RT/min | Metabolite | Formula | MS2 Fragmentation (m/z) | P | VIP | Model vs Control | ZP vs Model | Metabolic pathway |
| Plasma | 1 | 480.307 9 | 8.419 | LysoPC(15:0) | C23H48NO7P | 466.293 9, 395.220 4, 96.969 6 | 0.015 2 | 1.47 | ↓ | ↑ | Glycerophospholipid metabolism |
| Plasma | 2 | 840.553 3 | 10.526 | PE(22:4(7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z)/22:5(7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z, 19Z)) | C49H80NO8P | 528.309 0, 331.263 7, 329.248 0, 152.995 3 | 0.006 3 | 2.85 | ↓ | ↓ | Glycerophospholipid metabolism/glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis |
| Plasma | 3 | 724.571 8 | 11.854 | Glucosylceramide (d18:1/9Z-18:1) | C42H79NO8 | 266.261 5, 194.219 3, 158.198 1 | 0.002 3 | 2.32 | ↓ | ↓ | Sphingolipid metabolism |
| Plasma | 4 | 859.541 1 | 11.854 | PI(18:3(9Z, 12Z, 15Z)/18:0) | C45H81O13P | 277.217 3, 241.011 9, 78.959 1, 62.964 1 | 0.000 9 | 2.64 | ↓ | ↓ | Unknown |
| Plasma | 5 | 865.580 0 | 11.958 | PI(18:0/18:0) | C45H87O13P | 599.669 4, 581.670 0, 419.529 2, 283.470 0 | 0.000 013 | 1.46 | ↓ | ↓ | Unknown |
| Urine | 6 | 296.081 4 | 1.055 | 5'-Methylthioadenosine | C11H15N5O3S | 134.046 7, 105.020 1, 46.995 5 | 0.023 2 | 1.47 | ↓ | ↑ | Cysteine and methionine metabolism |
| Urine | 7 | 280.085 4 | 2.667 | 4-Hydroxyphenylacetylglutamine | C13H15NO6 | 262.072 1, 150.056 1, 133.029 5, 128.035 3, 41.998 5 | 0.012 1 | 1.19 | ↓ | ↑ | Tyrosine metabolism |
| Urine | 8 | 263.102 6 | 3.099 | alpha-N-Phenylacetyl-L-glutamine | C13H16N2O4 | 145.061 3, 91.054 8, 41.998 0 | 0.044 5 | 1.68 | ↑ | ↓ | Phenylalanine metabolism |
| Urine | 9 | 192.066 4 | 3.404 | 4-Hydroxy-5-phenyltetrahydro-1, 3-oxazin-2-one | C10H11NO3 | 174.055 5, 148.076 2, 77.039 1, 41.998 0 | 0.014 3 | 9.93 | ↑ | ↑ | Drug metabolism - cytochrome P450 |
| Urine | 10 | 260.053 5 | 3.404 | Aminoparathion | C10H16NO3PS | 203.989 0, 138.962 4, 108.045 5 | 0.002 7 | 3.28 | ↑ | ↑ | Aminobenzoate degradation |
| Urine | 11 | 413.132 7 | 3.499 | Flecainide | C17H20F6N2O3 | 316.040 8, 295.125 8, 175.037 1, 68.013 6 | 0.001 6 | 3.64 | ↑ | ↑ | Unknown |
| Urine | 12 | 103.003 4 | 3.616 | Hydroxypyruvic acid | C3H4O4 | 84.992 6, 59.013 3 | 0.007 6 | 1.35 | ↑ | ↑ | Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism/Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism |
| Urine | 13 | 175.024 7 | 3.616 | Ascorbic acid | C6H8O6 | 113.020 2, 87.007 9, 85.028 0 | 0.003 6 | 4.95 | ↑ | ↑ | Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism |
| Urine | 14 | 426.009 8 | 3.616 | Adenosine phosphosulfate | C10H14N5O10PS | 176.925 9, 158.915 3, 134.046 7, 78.958 5 | 0.003 2 | 1.66 | ↑ | ↑ | Purine metabolism/Sulfur metabolism |
| Urine | 15 | 365.232 5 | 5.111 | beta-Cortolone | C21H34O5 | 305.212 2, 289.180 9, 277.217 3, 263.201 7, 59.013 9, 41.003 3 | 0.000 4×10-1 | 3.12 | ↑ | ↓ | Steroid hormone biosynthesis |
), ArticleFig(id=1208489311155106642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208489297699779370, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=
Biomarkers of kidney-yang deficiency. RT: Retention time; MS2: The secondary mass spectrometry; VIP: Variable importance in the projection; ↑ and ↓ represent higher and lower level; Model vs control: Model group compared with control group; ZP vs model: ZP group compared with model group
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Sample | No. | m/z | RT/min | Metabolite | Formula | MS2 Fragmentation (m/z) | P | VIP | Model vs Control | ZP vs Model | Metabolic pathway |
| Plasma | 1 | 480.307 9 | 8.419 | LysoPC(15:0) | C23H48NO7P | 466.293 9, 395.220 4, 96.969 6 | 0.015 2 | 1.47 | ↓ | ↑ | Glycerophospholipid metabolism |
| Plasma | 2 | 840.553 3 | 10.526 | PE(22:4(7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z)/22:5(7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z, 19Z)) | C49H80NO8P | 528.309 0, 331.263 7, 329.248 0, 152.995 3 | 0.006 3 | 2.85 | ↓ | ↓ | Glycerophospholipid metabolism/glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis |
| Plasma | 3 | 724.571 8 | 11.854 | Glucosylceramide (d18:1/9Z-18:1) | C42H79NO8 | 266.261 5, 194.219 3, 158.198 1 | 0.002 3 | 2.32 | ↓ | ↓ | Sphingolipid metabolism |
| Plasma | 4 | 859.541 1 | 11.854 | PI(18:3(9Z, 12Z, 15Z)/18:0) | C45H81O13P | 277.217 3, 241.011 9, 78.959 1, 62.964 1 | 0.000 9 | 2.64 | ↓ | ↓ | Unknown |
| Plasma | 5 | 865.580 0 | 11.958 | PI(18:0/18:0) | C45H87O13P | 599.669 4, 581.670 0, 419.529 2, 283.470 0 | 0.000 013 | 1.46 | ↓ | ↓ | Unknown |
| Urine | 6 | 296.081 4 | 1.055 | 5'-Methylthioadenosine | C11H15N5O3S | 134.046 7, 105.020 1, 46.995 5 | 0.023 2 | 1.47 | ↓ | ↑ | Cysteine and methionine metabolism |
| Urine | 7 | 280.085 4 | 2.667 | 4-Hydroxyphenylacetylglutamine | C13H15NO6 | 262.072 1, 150.056 1, 133.029 5, 128.035 3, 41.998 5 | 0.012 1 | 1.19 | ↓ | ↑ | Tyrosine metabolism |
| Urine | 8 | 263.102 6 | 3.099 | alpha-N-Phenylacetyl-L-glutamine | C13H16N2O4 | 145.061 3, 91.054 8, 41.998 0 | 0.044 5 | 1.68 | ↑ | ↓ | Phenylalanine metabolism |
| Urine | 9 | 192.066 4 | 3.404 | 4-Hydroxy-5-phenyltetrahydro-1, 3-oxazin-2-one | C10H11NO3 | 174.055 5, 148.076 2, 77.039 1, 41.998 0 | 0.014 3 | 9.93 | ↑ | ↑ | Drug metabolism - cytochrome P450 |
| Urine | 10 | 260.053 5 | 3.404 | Aminoparathion | C10H16NO3PS | 203.989 0, 138.962 4, 108.045 5 | 0.002 7 | 3.28 | ↑ | ↑ | Aminobenzoate degradation |
| Urine | 11 | 413.132 7 | 3.499 | Flecainide | C17H20F6N2O3 | 316.040 8, 295.125 8, 175.037 1, 68.013 6 | 0.001 6 | 3.64 | ↑ | ↑ | Unknown |
| Urine | 12 | 103.003 4 | 3.616 | Hydroxypyruvic acid | C3H4O4 | 84.992 6, 59.013 3 | 0.007 6 | 1.35 | ↑ | ↑ | Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism/Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism |
| Urine | 13 | 175.024 7 | 3.616 | Ascorbic acid | C6H8O6 | 113.020 2, 87.007 9, 85.028 0 | 0.003 6 | 4.95 | ↑ | ↑ | Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism |
| Urine | 14 | 426.009 8 | 3.616 | Adenosine phosphosulfate | C10H14N5O10PS | 176.925 9, 158.915 3, 134.046 7, 78.958 5 | 0.003 2 | 1.66 | ↑ | ↑ | Purine metabolism/Sulfur metabolism |
| Urine | 15 | 365.232 5 | 5.111 | beta-Cortolone | C21H34O5 | 305.212 2, 289.180 9, 277.217 3, 263.201 7, 59.013 9, 41.003 3 | 0.000 4×10-1 | 3.12 | ↑ | ↓ | Steroid hormone biosynthesis |
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