Article(id=1208491480218447911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1208491462300385385, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2021-0319, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1615046400000, receivedDateStr=2021-03-07, revisedDate=1616256000000, revisedDateStr=2021-03-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766056421570, onlineDateStr=2025-12-18, pubDate=1628697600000, pubDateStr=2021-08-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766056421570, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766056421570, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766056421570, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208491462300385385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2021', volume='56', issue='8', pageStart='2039', pageEnd='2324', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766056417298, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766137099178, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208829866691130129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1208491462300385385, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208829866691130130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1208491462300385385, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2223, endPage=2229, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208491480679821405, articleId=1208491480218447911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Protopine inhibits the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma through a mitochondrially mediated apoptosis pathway, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a serious threat for human health, the incidence of HCC in China accounts for more than 50% worldwide. There is an urgent need to develop novel anticancer agents for the treatment of HCC patients. Here we characterized the inhibitory effect and the molecular mechanism of protopine on HCC cancer cells. The results of a CCK-8 assay indicated that protopine displays anticancer activities on HCC cells. Flow cytometry and JC-1 staining confirmed that treatment with protopine decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and induced apoptosis in HCC cells. Western blot analysis showed that protopine was able to increase protein expression in the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway; the level of cytochrome C, apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1), Bax, cleaved-poly ADP-ribose polymerase (cleaved-PARP), cleaved-caspase-3, and cleaved-caspase-9 were increased while the expression of Bcl-2 was suppressed significantly. An in vivo study revealed that protopine significantly suppressed the growth of tumors in nude mice bearing HepG2 cells. Administration of protopine intraperitoneally at a concentration of 50 mg·kg-1 inhibited tumor growth by 72.46%. Animal experiments were carried out according to the Regulation of the Animal Ethics Committee of Southwest Medical University. This study provides preliminary evidence that there is potential to develop protopine as a lead compound for the treatment of HCC.
, correspAuthors=Xiu-kun LIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2021 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Han-lin YE, Gan QIAO, Lin-lin WANG, Li CHENG, Xiu-kun LIN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1208491483922018628, articleId=1208491480218447911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=原阿片碱通过线粒体凋亡途径抑制肝细胞癌生长, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
全球范围内超过一半的肝癌病例发生在我国，亟待发现新的抗肝癌药物。已有报道表明，原阿片碱具有较好的抗肿瘤活性，但其作用机制尚不清楚。本研究采用CCK-8实验证实原阿片碱对肝癌细胞具有显著的抑制作用，流式细胞术和JC-1染色实验表明原阿片碱能够降低肝癌细胞线粒体膜电位、诱导肝癌凋亡，Western blot分析表明原阿片碱能够激活线粒体凋亡通路，上调Bax、细胞色素C（cytochrome C，Cyto-C）、剪切的半胱天冬氨酸蛋白酶-9（cleaved-caspase-9）、剪切的半胱天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3（cleaved-caspase-3）、剪切的DNA修复酶（cleaved-poly ADPribose polymerase，cleaved-PARP）和凋亡酶激活因子-1（apoptotic protease activating factor-1，Apaf-1）的表达，下调Bcl-2的表达。人肝癌裸鼠移植性肿瘤实验证实，50 mg·kg-1原阿片碱腹腔注射给药，抑瘤率可达到72.46%，并对小鼠体重没有明显影响。动物实验严格按照西南医科大学动物伦理委员会的规定执行。本研究提示，原阿片碱有潜力开发为治疗肝细胞癌的药物前体。
, correspAuthors=林秀坤, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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Protopine inhibited the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma. A: The chemical structure of protopine; B: Cells were treated with certain concentration of protopine for 48 h. The cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay; C, D: Hepatocellular carcinoma cells were treated with protopine (30 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>) for 24, 48, and 72 h respectively. The cell viability of BEL-7402 (C) and HepG2 (D) cells was measured by CCK-8 assay. <i>n</i> = 3, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i>± <i>s</i>. <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group , figureFileSmall=LzyX7gR1tngQ1lU8mL339Q==, figureFileBig=RFt8DsQbNM3OFawbMfJquA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491489676604143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491480218447911, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=+kjszIu4jLynXi2iJ8Yg4Q==, figureFileBig=ZJlAp6QDJMi15Qc1FVb6Mg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491489785656061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491480218447911, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption=
Protopine induced apoptosis as analyzed by Hoechst 33342/PI double staining. BEL-7402 cells (A) and HepG2 cells (B) were treated with protopine (7.5, 15, and 30 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>) for 48 h and the cells were stained with Hoechst 33342 (blue, staining apoptotic cells) and PI (red, staining dying cells). Cancer cells apoptosis was observed by fluorescence microscopy. The blue color indicated the apoptotic cells while the red color represented the dying cells. PI: Propidium iodide , figureFileSmall=+kjszIu4jLynXi2iJ8Yg4Q==, figureFileBig=ZJlAp6QDJMi15Qc1FVb6Mg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491489949233935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491480218447911, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=/+XcdqU5++KyfYM/jI+M1A==, figureFileBig=HFEggRqSejdkXXrutnQshQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491490117006109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491480218447911, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption=
Protopine induced apoptosis on BEL-7402 cells and HepG2 cells. Cancer cells were treated with certain concentration of protopine, and the cells were stained with Annexin V/PI. Apoptotic effect of BEL-7402 cells (A) and HepG2 cells (B) were detected by flow cytometry approach. (C) and (D) were quantitative analysis results. <i>n</i> = 3, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i>± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group. FITC: Fluorescein isothiocyanate; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide , figureFileSmall=/+XcdqU5++KyfYM/jI+M1A==, figureFileBig=HFEggRqSejdkXXrutnQshQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491490314138413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491480218447911, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=q8YMmEu4VVKzNYEpyqJ3cg==, figureFileBig=1Vh3g5tS6gu0IkTckh243g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491490502882107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491480218447911, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption=
Protopine decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential on BEL-7402 and HepG2 cells. Cells were treated with certain concentration of protopine. After incubated for 48 h, cells were stained with JC-1. Mitochondrial membrane potential of BEL-7402 cells (A) and HepG2 cells (B) were detected by flow cytometry approach. (C) and (D) were the quantitative analysis results. <i>n</i> = 3, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i>± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group , figureFileSmall=q8YMmEu4VVKzNYEpyqJ3cg==, figureFileBig=1Vh3g5tS6gu0IkTckh243g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491491664704334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491480218447911, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=GpVU/cXJRFM2KEx3dq3DJw==, figureFileBig=TBEEApdLZ13XVQAyo9snkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491491786339163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491480218447911, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption=
Protopine affected the expression of proteins related to mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cells were treated with certain concentration of protopine. After incubated for 48 h, Western blot was performed to detect the expression level of apoptotic related proteins, including caspase-9, cleaved-caspase-9, caspase-3, and cleaved-caspase-3 (A), and Bcl-2, Bax, Cytochrome C (Cyto-C), Apaf-1, and cleaved-PARP (B) , figureFileSmall=GpVU/cXJRFM2KEx3dq3DJw==, figureFileBig=TBEEApdLZ13XVQAyo9snkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491491916362607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491480218447911, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=KmLT/4wOvJHMXCNMOh1j+A==, figureFileBig=I4mfriSwPpo1yrUVskNcdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491492025414522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491480218447911, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption=
Protopine inhibited tumor growth in xenograft nude mice model. The xenograft nude mice model bearing HepG2 cells was established and the model mice were injected ip with protopine (12.5, 25, and 50 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>) and 5-FU (25 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>). Tumor volume (A) and mouse body weight (D) were measured every other day. After being treated with protopine for 14 days, the tumor tissues were removed and photographed (B). C: The quantitative analysis of tumor weight after treating the mice with protopine for 14 days. <i>n</i> = 5, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i>± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group , figureFileSmall=KmLT/4wOvJHMXCNMOh1j+A==, figureFileBig=I4mfriSwPpo1yrUVskNcdQ==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1189982048455397383, delFlag=0, nameCn=药学学报, nameEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0513-4870, eissn=null, cn=11-2163/R, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, 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