Article(id=1208491440703914735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1208491433464541768, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2021-0265, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1614009600000, receivedDateStr=2021-02-23, revisedDate=1616342400000, revisedDateStr=2021-03-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766056412148, onlineDateStr=2025-12-18, pubDate=1620748800000, pubDateStr=2021-05-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766056412148, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766056412148, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766056412148, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208491433464541768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2021', volume='56', issue='5', pageStart='1201', pageEnd='1512', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766056410422, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766137182836, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208830217578214182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1208491433464541768, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208830217578214183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1208491433464541768, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1369, endPage=1383, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208491441165288176, articleId=1208491440703914735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Discovery of a small-molecule activator of beclin-1 that induces autophagy-associated cell death and apoptosis in triple negative breast cancer, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway, and plays a crucial role in cellular homeostasis, development, immunity, tumor suppression, metabolism, prevention of neurodegeneration, and lifespan extension. Thus, pharmacological stimulation of autophagy may be an effective approach for preventing or treating certain human diseases and/or aging. Here, combined with allosteric site identification methods, high-throughput virtual screening, and in vitro activity evaluation, we found that compound 10 can activate autophagy and has good anti-MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation activity (the half maximal inhibitory concentration IC50=8.25±1.53 μmol·L-1). Subsequently, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and immunoblotting assay demonstrate that compound 10 can target and activate beclin-1. In vitro studies have shown that compound 10 can induce autophagy-associated cell death in MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, it was found that compound 10 can induce apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. Taken together, we identified the candidate compound 10 as an effective and selective targeting beclin-1 to activate autophagy as a lead compound, which provide a reference for further development and optimization of small molecule drugs targeting beclin-1 to activate autophagy for clinical treatment.
, correspAuthors=Bo LIU, Lei-lei FU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2021 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Rong-yan ZHAO, Wen-ke JIN, Xing JIANG, Zhao-xin YUAN, Bo LIU, Lei-lei FU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1208491453332963758, articleId=1208491440703914735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=靶向beclin-1小分子激动剂诱导三阴性乳腺癌细胞自噬性死亡和凋亡, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
细胞自噬(autophagy)是一种溶酶体降解途径,在细胞内环境稳态、细胞发育、细胞免疫、抑制肿瘤、能量代谢、预防神经退行性变和延长寿命方面起着至关重要的作用。自噬的药理学激活可能是治疗癌症等某些人类疾病的有效方法。本研究基于beclin-1已有的晶体结构,联合变构位点识别方法、高通量虚拟筛选及体外活性评价,发现化合物10能激活自噬且具有良好的抗MDA-MB-231细胞增殖活性[半数抑制浓度(IC50=8.25±1.53 μmol·L-1)]。随后的分子对接、分子动力学模拟及免疫印迹研究结果表明,化合物10能够靶向激活beclin-1。体外研究表明,化合物10能够诱导MDA-MB-231细胞发生自噬相关性死亡。同时还发现化合物10激活自噬后,还伴随细胞凋亡的发生。本研究确定了候选化合物10作为开发有效的、具有选择性靶向beclin-1激活自噬的先导物,为进一步开发和优化用于临床治疗的靶向beclin-1激活自噬小分子药物提供依据。
, correspAuthors=刘博, 符雷蕾, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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Domain architecture of beclin-1 and potential allosteric site. A: Domains of beclin-1 and the architecture of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) complexes; B: The potential allosteric site of beclin-1 was predicted using PARS (http://bioinf.uab.cat/pars); C: The potential allosteric site of beclin-1 was predicted using Allosite (http://mdl.shsmu.edu.cn/AST); D: The potential allosteric site of beclin-1 , figureFileSmall=Gh/5iuZNsSdDihb07HTYqw==, figureFileBig=dZ/HszGzDPvX+ZP7Gypdtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491461356667898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491440703914735, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Q3cD4ewfVjOYrGjnRWdAYg==, figureFileBig=LxpjP8udsbTCPFLkz5/Kow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491461490884619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491440703914735, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption=
Workflow of the rational design of beclin-1 allosteric activator , figureFileSmall=Q3cD4ewfVjOYrGjnRWdAYg==, figureFileBig=LxpjP8udsbTCPFLkz5/Kow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491461646073889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491440703914735, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=X/hkUQO8PySVkcQyjfqz6w==, figureFileBig=qoj/M42NR8Y0Y83NWmyr0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491461784485938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491440703914735, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption=
Autophagy activity assay of candidate compounds. A, B: MDA-MB-231 cells were incubated with 30 μmol·L-1 candidate compounds, respectively, then the expression levels of LC3 and beclin-1 were detected. β-Actin was measured as the loading control. n = 3, x± s.**P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs control , figureFileSmall=X/hkUQO8PySVkcQyjfqz6w==, figureFileBig=qoj/M42NR8Y0Y83NWmyr0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491462023561285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491440703914735, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=gi8jStQTAaPSxOGBEp7/Tg==, figureFileBig=gri16La0t15DnMg+REEmcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491462136807509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491440703914735, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption=
Expression of BECN1 gene (encode beclin-1 protein) in breast cancer based on breast cancer subclasses. HER2: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; BRCA: Breast invasive carcinoma , figureFileSmall=gi8jStQTAaPSxOGBEp7/Tg==, figureFileBig=gri16La0t15DnMg+REEmcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491462266830948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491440703914735, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=VpinTial4k3YdJSfbNu0Pg==, figureFileBig=/tr+gZHKCFfTdOXxKj8jIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491462367494261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491440703914735, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption=
Identification of compound 10 as potential activator of beclin-1. A, B: The binding mode of compound 10 and beclin-1; C: Molecular dynamics simulation of compound 10 binding to beclin-1. RMSD: Root mean squared deviation , figureFileSmall=VpinTial4k3YdJSfbNu0Pg==, figureFileBig=/tr+gZHKCFfTdOXxKj8jIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491462518489222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491440703914735, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=On1A++Rn387UmuY0UCo7AQ==, figureFileBig=jrIcRrAaxJV24dH86xuLpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491462690455703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491440703914735, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption=
Effect of compound 10 on autophagy of MDA-MB-231 cells. A: MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with 15 μmol·L-1 compound 10 for 24 h. Then, the expression of LC3B (LC3-Ⅱ) puncta were detected by immunocytochemistry with zoom of LC3-Ⅱ positive staining. Green: AntiLC3B. Blue: DAPI. Scale bar = 20 μm; B: MDA-MB-231 cells were incubated with 7.5, 15, and 30 μmol·L-1 compound 10, respectively, then the expression levels of beclin-1, p62, and LC3 were detected. β-Actin was measured as the loading control; C: MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with 15 μmol·L-1 compound 10, 3-MA (1 mmol·L-1) was added 1 h before treatment of compound 10. After the above treatment, cell viabilities were detected by MTT assay; D: MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with 15 μmol·L-1 compound 10 for the indicated time, apoptosis ratios were determined by flow cytometry analysis of Annexin-V/PI double staining. 3-MA (1 mmol·L-1) was added 1 h before treatment of compound 10; E: MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected with GFP/mRFP-LC3 plasmid, after co-incubation with 15 μmol·L-1 compound 10 in the presence or absence of 10 nmol·L-1 bafilomycin A1 (BafA1), the GFP-LC3 puncta were observed by fluorescence microscope, with zoom of GFP-mRFP-LC3 positive signal. Green: GFP signal; Red: mRFP signal; Yellow: GFP + mRFP signal; Scale bar = 20 μm; F: MDA-MB-231 cells were co-incubated with 15 μmol·L-1 compound 10 in the presence or absence of 10 nmol·L-1 BafA1, then the expression levels of p62 and LC3 were detected. β-Actin was measured as the loading control. n = 3, x± s. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs control; ###P < 0.001 vs compound 10 , figureFileSmall=On1A++Rn387UmuY0UCo7AQ==, figureFileBig=jrIcRrAaxJV24dH86xuLpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491462891782316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491440703914735, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=FbiQO+dAokfJBYhKNf24wA==, figureFileBig=1YOaW3hoAaNNY/MrsaGZ/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491463005028535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491440703914735, language=CN, label=Figure 7, caption=
Effect of compound 10 on apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells. A: MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with compound 10 for indicated time, then stained with 50 mmol·L-1 Hoechst 33258 and observed under a fluorescence microscope. Scale bar = 50 μm; B: MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with 7.5, 15, and 30 μmol·L-1 compound 10 for the indicated time, respectively, apoptosis ratios were determined by flow cytometry analysis of Annexin-V/PI double staining; C, D: MDA-MB-231 cells were incubated with 7.5, 15, and 30 μmol·L-1 compound 10, respectively, then the expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, caspase 3, caspase 9, and Parp were detected. β-Actin was measured as the loading control. n= 3, x± s. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs control , figureFileSmall=FbiQO+dAokfJBYhKNf24wA==, figureFileBig=1YOaW3hoAaNNY/MrsaGZ/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491463223132366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491440703914735, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| No. | SPECE ID | Structure | IC50/μmol·L-1a |
| MCF-7 | MDA-MB-231 | MDA-MB-468 | BT-549 |
| 1 | AG-690/11383169 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 2 | AO-365/43474690 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 3 | AO-365/43474595 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 4 | AN-465/43436567 |  | 24.20 ± 1.32 | 21.23 ± 2.71 | 26.36 ± 1.53 | > 50 |
| 5 | AT-057/43318401 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 6 | AT-057/43469262 |  | 29.62 ± 1.37 | 34.16 ± 3.32 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 7 | AT-057/43316304 |  | > 50 | 31.29 ± 2.03 | 27.31 ± 3.15 | > 50 |
| 8 | AP-970/43375089 |  | 20.04 ± 1.34 | 10.11 ± 1.92 | 11.22 ± 2.21 | 16.16 ± 1.43 |
| 9 | AP-970/43374438 |  | 21.16 ± 2.01 | 9.12 ± 2.12 | 11.18 ± 2.21 | 14.11 ± 1.33 |
| 10 | AG-690/12088124 |  | 14.25 ± 1.82 | 8.25 ± 1.53 | 9.01 ± 2.31 | 12.21 ± 1.03 |
| 11 | AP-970/12268291 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 12 | AG-690/12886275 |  | > 50 | 31.32 ± 2.61 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 13 | AN-758/13950003 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 14 | AF-399/14139038 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 15 | AF-399/13806203 |  | 30.46 ± 1.54 | 9.21 ± 1.71 | 6.82 ± 2.33 | > 50 |
| 16 | AF-399/11297201 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 17 | AO-365/43264183 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 18 | AQ-149/42126472 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 19 | AH-487/42193287 |  | 34.21 ± 2.12 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 20 | AP-906/41078761 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 21 | AN-329/40614416 |  | 31.02 ± 1.35 | 17.32 ± 2.71 | 22.05 ± 1.33 | > 50 |
| 22 | AG-690/11638100 |  | > 50 | 28.31 ± 2.69 | 31.08 ± 1.23 | 5.13 ± 2.36 |
| 23 | AP-124/42260120 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 24 | AO-080/43378361 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 25 | AH-487/42477459 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 26 | AK-918/41944809 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 27 | AG-205/41005786 |  | 34.21 ± 1.12 | 27.31 ± 3.07 | 31.32 ± 2.18 | 27.08 ± 3.26 |
| 28 | AP-853/42877971 |  | > 50 | > 50 | 26.32 ± 1.43 | 34.21 ± 2.57 |
| 29 | AQ-149/13889236 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 30 | AN-465/43411024 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 31 | AO-022/43453564 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 32 | AJ-030/14523412 |  | 31.16 ± 2.12 | 26.31 ± 3.05 | 12.16 ± 1.18 | 35.11 ± 2.14 |
), ArticleFig(id=1208491463399293153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491440703914735, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=
The structure and anti-proliferative evaluations of candidate compounds. aCell viability were measured for each compound with various concentrations by MTT assay for 72 h. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were calculated by GraphPad Prism 7.0.1. n = 3, x± s
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| No. | SPECE ID | Structure | IC50/μmol·L-1a |
| MCF-7 | MDA-MB-231 | MDA-MB-468 | BT-549 |
| 1 | AG-690/11383169 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 2 | AO-365/43474690 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 3 | AO-365/43474595 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 4 | AN-465/43436567 |  | 24.20 ± 1.32 | 21.23 ± 2.71 | 26.36 ± 1.53 | > 50 |
| 5 | AT-057/43318401 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 6 | AT-057/43469262 |  | 29.62 ± 1.37 | 34.16 ± 3.32 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 7 | AT-057/43316304 |  | > 50 | 31.29 ± 2.03 | 27.31 ± 3.15 | > 50 |
| 8 | AP-970/43375089 |  | 20.04 ± 1.34 | 10.11 ± 1.92 | 11.22 ± 2.21 | 16.16 ± 1.43 |
| 9 | AP-970/43374438 |  | 21.16 ± 2.01 | 9.12 ± 2.12 | 11.18 ± 2.21 | 14.11 ± 1.33 |
| 10 | AG-690/12088124 |  | 14.25 ± 1.82 | 8.25 ± 1.53 | 9.01 ± 2.31 | 12.21 ± 1.03 |
| 11 | AP-970/12268291 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 12 | AG-690/12886275 |  | > 50 | 31.32 ± 2.61 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 13 | AN-758/13950003 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 14 | AF-399/14139038 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 15 | AF-399/13806203 |  | 30.46 ± 1.54 | 9.21 ± 1.71 | 6.82 ± 2.33 | > 50 |
| 16 | AF-399/11297201 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 17 | AO-365/43264183 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 18 | AQ-149/42126472 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 19 | AH-487/42193287 |  | 34.21 ± 2.12 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 20 | AP-906/41078761 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 21 | AN-329/40614416 |  | 31.02 ± 1.35 | 17.32 ± 2.71 | 22.05 ± 1.33 | > 50 |
| 22 | AG-690/11638100 |  | > 50 | 28.31 ± 2.69 | 31.08 ± 1.23 | 5.13 ± 2.36 |
| 23 | AP-124/42260120 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 24 | AO-080/43378361 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 25 | AH-487/42477459 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 26 | AK-918/41944809 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 27 | AG-205/41005786 |  | 34.21 ± 1.12 | 27.31 ± 3.07 | 31.32 ± 2.18 | 27.08 ± 3.26 |
| 28 | AP-853/42877971 |  | > 50 | > 50 | 26.32 ± 1.43 | 34.21 ± 2.57 |
| 29 | AQ-149/13889236 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 30 | AN-465/43411024 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 31 | AO-022/43453564 |  | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 | > 50 |
| 32 | AJ-030/14523412 |  | 31.16 ± 2.12 | 26.31 ± 3.05 | 12.16 ± 1.18 | 35.11 ± 2.14 |
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