Article(id=1208402589998231806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1208402587812999387, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2020-1585, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1601827200000, receivedDateStr=2020-10-05, revisedDate=1606838400000, revisedDateStr=2020-12-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766035228489, onlineDateStr=2025-12-18, pubDate=1615478400000, pubDateStr=2021-03-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766035228489, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766035228489, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766035228489, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208402587812999387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2021', volume='56', issue='3', pageStart='643', pageEnd='894', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766035227968, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766137227354, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208830404333794090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1208402587812999387, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208830404333794091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1208402587812999387, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=816, endPage=822, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208402590434439433, articleId=1208402589998231806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=The mechanism of action of Pudilan Xiaoyan oral liquid against LPS-induced acute respiratory infection in mice based on biological network analysis and metabolomics, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study integrates metabolomics and network pharmacology techniques to systematically analyze the possible mechanism of Pudilan Xiaoyan oral liquid (PDL) in the treatment of acute respiratory infections. GC-MS metabolomics analysis found 8 endogenous metabolites, 3-phosphoglycerate, α-aminoadipate, D-ribulose-5-phosphate, β-mannosylglyceric acid, D-fructose, urea, D-maltose and ornithine in the serum of mice with acute respiratory infection induced by LPS; these substances can be used as biomarkers for PDL use in the treatment of acute respiratory infections. Biological network studies revealed 10 potential targets for intervention by PDL in the glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathways, including GPI, G6PD, H6PD, PFKM, TALDO1, TKT, GAPDH, HK1, PKLR and TPI1. All animal experiments were carried out with approval of the Animal Ethics Committee of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine. Our findings indicate that the strategy of combining metabolomics and network analysis can provide information on the possible mechanism of PDL in acute respiratory infections, and reveal that PDL may ameliorate the pathological process of acute respiratory infections by regulating disordered metabolic pathways.

, correspAuthors=Wei-feng YAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2021 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Gang TIAN, Yuan-zhuo HU, Chao LI, Yuan-yuan ZHAI, Bei-hua BAO, Wei-feng YAO, Li ZHANG, An-wei DING), CN=ArticleExt(id=1208402591755645250, articleId=1208402589998231806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于生物网络和代谢组学研究蒲地蓝消炎口服液抗LPS诱导小鼠急性呼吸道感染的作用机制, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究整合代谢组学和网络药理学技术手段从生物网络角度系统分析蒲地蓝消炎口服液治疗急性呼吸道感染可能作用机制。GC-MS代谢组学分析从LPS诱导急性呼吸道感染小鼠血清中发现3-磷酸甘油酸、α-氨基己二酸、D-核酮糖-5-磷酸、β-甘露糖基甘油酸、D-果糖、尿素、D-麦芽糖和鸟氨酸等8个内源性代谢物可作为蒲地蓝消炎口服液治疗急性呼吸道感染的显著性生物标记物,进一步生物网络研究表明主要属于糖酵解和磷酸戊糖途径的GPI、G6PD、H6PD、PFKM、TALDO1、TKT、GAPDH、HK1、PKLR和TPI1等10个蛋白为蒲地蓝消炎口服液干预急性呼吸道感染的潜在靶点。动物实验操作均遵循南京中医药大学动物伦理委员会的规定。研究发现,代谢组学和网络分析相结合的策略有助于解释蒲地蓝消炎口服液治疗急性呼吸道感染可能作用机制,并揭示蒲地蓝消炎口服液可能通过调节紊乱的代谢途径来治疗急性呼吸道感染的病理过程。

, correspAuthors=姚卫峰, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*姚卫峰, Tel: 86-25-85811053, E-mail:
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PDL-H, PDL-M and PDL-L represent the high, middle and low dose of PDL for mice, respectively. <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>####</sup><i>P</i> < 0.000 1 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001, <sup>****</sup><i>P</i> < 0.000 1 <i>vs</i> model group , figureFileSmall=0kpK9cz2CLd/YEaCWmHgHA==, figureFileBig=I/t/Q8ZFuwNWexIaKFAeUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208478662890995938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208402589998231806, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=5q1+MzIpeZK/YjI3pVMHBw==, figureFileBig=Jx/XVJXD58jsWg2qeNLxIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208478662983270640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208402589998231806, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Multivariate analysis of GC-MS metabolomics data. A: PLS-DA score plot of the control group, model group and PDL high-dose group; B: PLS-DA score plot of the control group and model group; C: PLS-DA model verification of control group and model group; D: VIP value of variable in PLS-DA model of control group and model group , figureFileSmall=5q1+MzIpeZK/YjI3pVMHBw==, figureFileBig=Jx/XVJXD58jsWg2qeNLxIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208478663104905463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208402589998231806, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=dFniXQk9j3XcAGROzN1npw==, figureFileBig=fq7waZkxpgN71CAyZutOMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208478663314620684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208402589998231806, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Pathway analysis of significant metabolites in LPS-induced acute respiratory infections of mice. 1: Lysine degradation; 2: Pentose phosphate pathway; 3: Tyrosine metabolism; 4: Arginine and proline metabolism; 5: Starch and sucrose metabolism; 6: Arginine biosynthesis , figureFileSmall=dFniXQk9j3XcAGROzN1npw==, figureFileBig=fq7waZkxpgN71CAyZutOMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208478663465615644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208402589998231806, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=u8VPL6ZAjjrEvBU3I62GFw==, figureFileBig=GB9I406ne4JQGAjna0TZkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208478663591444777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208402589998231806, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Metabolite-pathway protein network (A), Venn diagram of disease protein and pathway protein (B), and pathway enrichment and biological process analysis of shared targets (C) , figureFileSmall=u8VPL6ZAjjrEvBU3I62GFw==, figureFileBig=GB9I406ne4JQGAjna0TZkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208478664799404342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208402589998231806, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=C8/NQV2zZ3CQfGyv8HQ9fQ==, figureFileBig=nph3HiN/WwFTNY4YSFxRNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208478664925233476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208402589998231806, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Protein-protein interaction network (A), and the network of protein target with the top ten MCC values in the interaction network (B) , figureFileSmall=C8/NQV2zZ3CQfGyv8HQ9fQ==, figureFileBig=nph3HiN/WwFTNY4YSFxRNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208478665109782863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208402589998231806, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Name HMDB KEGG VIP Model vs
control
Administration
vs model
Glycerol 1-octadecanoate HMDB0031075 NA 1.737 01 **
3-Phosphoglyceric acid HMDB0000807 C00597 1.570 57 ** #
L-Dopa HMDB0000181 C00355 1.550 22 **
Aminoadipic acid HMDB0000510 C00956 1.505 86 ** #
D-Ribulose 5-phosphate HMDB0000618 C00199 1.377 86 ** ##
2(α-D-Mannosyl)-D-glycerate METPA1041 C11544 1.328 02 * ##
D-Fructose HMDB0000660 C02336 1.305 59 ** ##
Urea HMDB0000294 C00086 1.295 20 ** #
D-Maltose HMDB0000163 C00208 1.228 53 ** #
Ornithine HMDB0000214 C00077 1.046 52 * #
Monopalmitin-1-glyceride HMDB0011564 NA 1.034 15 *
Ethanolamine HMDB0000149 C00189 1.030 97 *
), ArticleFig(id=1208478665235611995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208402589998231806, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Potential biomarkers of LPS-induced respiratory tract infection in mice serum and the intervention effect of PDL. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs control group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs model group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Name HMDB KEGG VIP Model vs
control
Administration
vs model
Glycerol 1-octadecanoate HMDB0031075 NA 1.737 01 **
3-Phosphoglyceric acid HMDB0000807 C00597 1.570 57 ** #
L-Dopa HMDB0000181 C00355 1.550 22 **
Aminoadipic acid HMDB0000510 C00956 1.505 86 ** #
D-Ribulose 5-phosphate HMDB0000618 C00199 1.377 86 ** ##
2(α-D-Mannosyl)-D-glycerate METPA1041 C11544 1.328 02 * ##
D-Fructose HMDB0000660 C02336 1.305 59 ** ##
Urea HMDB0000294 C00086 1.295 20 ** #
D-Maltose HMDB0000163 C00208 1.228 53 ** #
Ornithine HMDB0000214 C00077 1.046 52 * #
Monopalmitin-1-glyceride HMDB0011564 NA 1.034 15 *
Ethanolamine HMDB0000149 C00189 1.030 97 *
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基于生物网络和代谢组学研究蒲地蓝消炎口服液抗LPS诱导小鼠急性呼吸道感染的作用机制
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田刚 1 , 胡远卓 2 , 李超 1 , 翟园园 2 , 包贝华 2 , 姚卫峰 2, * , 张丽 2 , 丁安伟 2
药学学报 | 研究论文 2021,56(3): 816-822
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2021, 56(3): 816-822
基于生物网络和代谢组学研究蒲地蓝消炎口服液抗LPS诱导小鼠急性呼吸道感染的作用机制
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田刚1, 胡远卓2, 李超1, 翟园园2, 包贝华2, 姚卫峰2, * , 张丽2, 丁安伟2
作者信息
  • 1.济川药业集团有限公司药物研究院, 江苏 泰州 225411
  • 2.南京中医药大学药学院, 江苏 南京 210023

通讯作者:

*姚卫峰, Tel: 86-25-85811053, E-mail:
The mechanism of action of Pudilan Xiaoyan oral liquid against LPS-induced acute respiratory infection in mice based on biological network analysis and metabolomics
Gang TIAN1, Yuan-zhuo HU2, Chao LI1, Yuan-yuan ZHAI2, Bei-hua BAO2, Wei-feng YAO2, * , Li ZHANG2, An-wei DING2
Affiliations
  • 1. Jumpcan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou 225411, China
  • 2. School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
出版时间: 2021-03-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2020-1585
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本研究整合代谢组学和网络药理学技术手段从生物网络角度系统分析蒲地蓝消炎口服液治疗急性呼吸道感染可能作用机制。GC-MS代谢组学分析从LPS诱导急性呼吸道感染小鼠血清中发现3-磷酸甘油酸、α-氨基己二酸、D-核酮糖-5-磷酸、β-甘露糖基甘油酸、D-果糖、尿素、D-麦芽糖和鸟氨酸等8个内源性代谢物可作为蒲地蓝消炎口服液治疗急性呼吸道感染的显著性生物标记物,进一步生物网络研究表明主要属于糖酵解和磷酸戊糖途径的GPI、G6PD、H6PD、PFKM、TALDO1、TKT、GAPDH、HK1、PKLR和TPI1等10个蛋白为蒲地蓝消炎口服液干预急性呼吸道感染的潜在靶点。动物实验操作均遵循南京中医药大学动物伦理委员会的规定。研究发现,代谢组学和网络分析相结合的策略有助于解释蒲地蓝消炎口服液治疗急性呼吸道感染可能作用机制,并揭示蒲地蓝消炎口服液可能通过调节紊乱的代谢途径来治疗急性呼吸道感染的病理过程。

蒲地蓝消炎口服液  /  网络药理学  /  代谢组学  /  LPS  /  急性呼吸道感染

This study integrates metabolomics and network pharmacology techniques to systematically analyze the possible mechanism of Pudilan Xiaoyan oral liquid (PDL) in the treatment of acute respiratory infections. GC-MS metabolomics analysis found 8 endogenous metabolites, 3-phosphoglycerate, α-aminoadipate, D-ribulose-5-phosphate, β-mannosylglyceric acid, D-fructose, urea, D-maltose and ornithine in the serum of mice with acute respiratory infection induced by LPS; these substances can be used as biomarkers for PDL use in the treatment of acute respiratory infections. Biological network studies revealed 10 potential targets for intervention by PDL in the glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathways, including GPI, G6PD, H6PD, PFKM, TALDO1, TKT, GAPDH, HK1, PKLR and TPI1. All animal experiments were carried out with approval of the Animal Ethics Committee of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine. Our findings indicate that the strategy of combining metabolomics and network analysis can provide information on the possible mechanism of PDL in acute respiratory infections, and reveal that PDL may ameliorate the pathological process of acute respiratory infections by regulating disordered metabolic pathways.

Pudilan Xiaoyan oral liquid  /  network pharmacology  /  metabolomics  /  LPS  /  acute respiratory infection
田刚, 胡远卓, 李超, 翟园园, 包贝华, 姚卫峰, 张丽, 丁安伟. 基于生物网络和代谢组学研究蒲地蓝消炎口服液抗LPS诱导小鼠急性呼吸道感染的作用机制. 药学学报, 2021 , 56 (3) : 816 -822 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2020-1585
Gang TIAN, Yuan-zhuo HU, Chao LI, Yuan-yuan ZHAI, Bei-hua BAO, Wei-feng YAO, Li ZHANG, An-wei DING. The mechanism of action of Pudilan Xiaoyan oral liquid against LPS-induced acute respiratory infection in mice based on biological network analysis and metabolomics[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2021 , 56 (3) : 816 -822 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2020-1585
急性呼吸道感染是由多种微生物包括细菌、病毒、支原体、真菌、寄生虫等引起的感染性疾病[1]。根据部位不同又分为上呼吸道感染和下呼吸道感染, 临床可出现相应症状, 如发热、咳嗽、咳痰、呼吸困难等, 且非常容易形成聚集性流行, 不同年龄段人群均易感染[2]。中医认为, 急性呼吸道感染属于中医学“时行感冒”范畴, 病因以感受风邪为主, 亦有感受时邪疫毒而致者, 具有“肺脏娇弱, 脾常不足, 肝常有余”的生理特点[3]。多年的临床实践表明, 中医药在防治急性呼吸道感染中, 因疗效确切、不良反应较小, 其在临床上的实际治疗特色完善了临床定位, 包括退热、改善临床症状和抑制流感病毒3个方面, 越来越受到重视[4]。中成药蒲地蓝消炎口服液(PDL) 由黄芩(君)、蒲公英(臣)、板蓝根(佐使) 和苦地丁(佐使) 四味药组方而成, 共奏清热解毒、抗炎消肿之效, 临床上常用于急性呼吸道感染的治疗, 效果良好[5]。Yang等[6]报道PDL对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharides, LPS) 所致大鼠急性肺损伤具有保护作用, 可减轻与NF-κB、IL-10表达相关的肺组织炎症反应, 并对组织病理损伤有修复作用。LPS是革兰阴性菌主要细胞表面抗原和激发宿主对细菌感染发生反应的主要生物效应器, 它可以激活单核-巨噬细胞系统(mononuclear phagacytic system, MPS), 释放大量炎症介质(TNF-α、IL-12、IFN-γ等), 导致全身过度炎症反应, 常被用作急性呼吸道感染的造模剂[7]
作为在整体观指导下中医临床治疗的主要手段, 中医方剂常被视作一个复杂体系, 其通过有协同作用的活性成分与人体生物学网络之间存在的复杂调控网络对人体施加疗效。因此, 在新的层面上采用网络化的整合策略系统开展中医药复杂体系的整体调控作用机制研究有其必要性[8]。作为系统生物学(system biology) 主要技术之一的代谢组学(metabolomics), 是研究某一生物或细胞在一特定生理时期内所有的低分子量代谢产物的一门学科[9]。同系统生物学中的蛋白质组学与基因组学等其他组学相比, 它更能反映细胞、组织、体液或生物体的表型(phenotype), 并能帮助探究物质在体内正在发生或已经发生的代谢[10]。本课题组前期通过建立宽范围代谢组学研究策略并结合网络药理学技术手段研究了“清上补下第一方”二至丸治疗肝肾阴虚证的作用机制, 为基于生物网络的中药复方作用机制研究做出了有益地探索[11]。因此, 本文拟以GC-MS的血清代谢组学为技术手段, 结合多变量数据处理方法筛选LPS诱导小鼠急性呼吸道感染的生物标记物, 并基于网络药理学手段构建相关生物网络探讨PDL抗急性呼吸道感染的作用机制。
实验动物  ICR小鼠50只(约25 g左右), 雌雄各半, 动物合格证号SCXK (苏) 2012-0004, 由南京市江宁区青龙山动物繁殖场提供。实验动物所有操作均严格按照南京中医药大学动物伦理委员会标准执行(批准号: 201906A029)。
药品与试剂  蒲地蓝消炎口服液(批号1807012, 济川药业集团有限公司); 拜阿司匹林乙醚(上海马陆化工厂); 甲醇(德国Merck公司); 1, 2-13C-肉豆蔻酸、吡啶、N, O-双三甲基硅基三氟乙酰胺(BSTFA)、甲氧基胺盐酸盐(美国Sigma-Aldrich公司); 正己烷(美国ROE Scientific公司); 氯化钠(江苏太仓化工厂); 娃哈哈纯净水。
仪器  低速台式离心机TDL-80-2B, 上海安亭科学仪器厂; Milli-Q超纯水系统, 美国Millipore公司; New Classic MS型分析天平(d = 0.01 mg), METTLER TOLEDO; KH-500B型超声清洗器, 昆山市超声仪器有限公司; Trace 1310气相系统(美国Thermo); 色谱柱: TG-5MS毛细管色谱柱(0.25 mm×30 m, 0.25 μm); TSQ 8000质谱仪(Thermo公司)。
动物实验与样品收集  50只ICR小鼠按体重随机分为5组, 每组10只即对照组、模型组、PDL低剂量组(1.3 mL·kg-1)、中剂量组(3.9 mL·kg-1)、高剂量组(11.7 mL·kg-1)。PDL各剂量组给予相应剂量药物, 每天1次, 连续5天后, 空白组和模型组灌胃同等剂量的生理盐水。末次给药1 h后, 除空白组外, 其余各组复制呼吸道损伤模型, 将小鼠使用异氟烷麻醉后, 用LPS (2 mg·kg-1) 给予小鼠滴鼻造模, 空白组滴入相同体积生理盐水, 造模12 h后进行取材。各组小鼠摘眼球取血, 分离血清, 置于-80 ℃保存, 进行后续生化指标及代谢组学的检测。
GC-MS样品前处理  取上述血清50 μL, 加入预冷(-80 ℃) 的含13C-肉豆蔻酸(12.5 μg·mL-1) 的甲醇溶液200 μL。涡旋3min, 14 000 r·min-1离心10 min, 吸取上清液100 μL于1.5 mL EP管中, 30 ℃真空离心浓缩仪挥干。在已挥干的EP管中加10 mg·mL-1甲氧胺吡啶30 μL, 涡旋5 min, 30 ℃振荡1.5 h后, 继续加入双(三甲基硅烷基) 三氟乙酰胺溶液[bis (trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide, BSTFA] 30 μL, 涡旋5 min, 37 ℃振荡0.5 h, 最后将样品在4 ℃下, 14 000 r·min-1离心10 min, 取上清进样。
GC-MS分析条件  美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司Trace 1310气相系统, TG-5MS毛细管色谱柱(0.25 mm×30 m, 0.25 μm), 采用程序升温: 起始温度设为60 ℃, 维持1 min, 再以每分钟20 ℃的速率升温至320 ℃, 维持5 min。载气为氦气, 流量为1.2 mL·min-1, 进样口温度为300 ℃, 采用分流进样, 分流流速为24.0 mL·min-1, 分流比为20:1, 进样量为1 μL。Thermo公司TSQ 8000质谱仪, 采用电子轰击离子化(EI电离源), 电子能量为70 eV, 传输线温度为300 ℃, 离子源温度为300 ℃。质谱采用一级全扫描的采集方式, 起始扫描时间为3.8 min, 扫描范围为m/z 50~500。
多变量数据处理  将GC-MS采集的色谱质谱图谱信息, 使用MS-DIAL软件进行色谱峰提取(最小峰高: 10 000, 质量宽度: 0.5 Da, 质量准确度: 0.5 Da), 并结合NIST鉴定化合物[12]。将提取得到的各物质峰高与内标物峰高比值进行数据归一化, 所得数据矩阵导入多变量数据处理软件SIMCA-P 13.0进行多维统计分析, 采用偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA) 筛选对分组贡献大的差异变量。采用SPSS软件对筛选到的差异变量的质谱响应在对照组和模型组中按是否满足正态分布进行独立双样本T检验或曼-惠特尼非参数检验, 以同时满足VIP > 1和P < 0.05选取具有显著性的差异变量, 寻找有可能反映LPS诱导小鼠急性呼吸道感染及PDL治疗作用的潜在生物标志物。借助MetaboAnalyst 4.0 (http://www.metaboanalyst.ca/) 对数据进行聚类分析及代谢通路分析。
生物网路的构建与分析  采用MetaboAnalyst通路分析工具, 对鉴别出的潜在生物标志物进行通路富集分析和通路拓扑分析。上述KEGG通路通过Cytoscape的插件Cytokegg搜索导入, 利用软件的Merge功能将所有通路整合到一起, 建立代谢物-通路蛋白网络。通过GeneCards网站输入关键词“respiratory tract (呼吸道)”、“infection (感染)”搜索疾病蛋白, 通过韦恩图求通路蛋白和疾病蛋白的交集。采用Metascape对筛选出的共有蛋白进行GO富集分析和靶点通路富集分析。将韦恩图所得共有蛋白导入STRING (https://string-db.org/) 在线数据库分析, 得到蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络(PPI网络), 网络导入Cytoscape软件, 利用其CytoHubba插件对网络中的节点以最大集团中心度(maximal clique centrality, MCC) 进行排名, 获得排名前十的蛋白为潜在治疗靶点。
为研究PDL对LPS诱导的急性呼吸道感染小鼠的抗炎作用, 本文检测了血清中的炎症相关细胞因子NF-κB, TNF-α和IL-10, 结果见图 1。模型组促炎细胞因子(NF-κB和TNF-α) 与对照组相比明显增加(P < 0.01, P < 0.0001), 抑制炎症细胞因子(即IL-10) 低于阴性对照组(P < 0.05) LPS处理后。虽然不同浓度的PDL均可显著回调LPS诱导的NF-κB、TNF-α和IL-10水平, 但是高剂量的PDL在三个指标上表现出最好的抗炎作用。上述结果表明LPS能够成功诱导小鼠的急性呼吸道感染模型, PDL高剂量组可以起到显著的预防作用。因此, PDL高剂量组的小鼠血清用于后期的代谢组学研究, 可以获取更多的代谢物信息。
为了研究与LPS诱导小鼠呼吸道感染相关的血清内源性代谢标志物以及PDL的可能防治作用, 结合前期的抗炎作用研究结果, 将对照组、模型组和PDL高剂量组的多维数据矩阵导入SIMCA-P 13.0建立PLS-DA模型(R2Y = 0.859, Q2 = 0.798), 一般认为R2YQ2值大于0.5的模型良好, 因此该模型拟合较好, 稳定性较高。从图 2A可以看出PDL防治组相对于模型组更加接近于对照组, 说明PDL对于LPS诱导的呼吸道感染具有一定的恢复作用, 这与血清炎性细胞因子的检测结果一致。为了进一步分析LPS诱导小鼠呼吸道感染后的血清代谢物变化, 本文建立对照组和模型组的PLS-DA模型(图 2B, R2Y = 0.953, Q2 = 0.849), 并采用100次的置换检验模型验证(图 2C) 可以看出, 位于左边的R2Y值(模拟) 均低于最右侧的R2Y, Q2Y值(模拟) 均低于右侧的Q2Y值, 且Q2的回归线截距为负(-0.249), 说明该模型预测能力较好, 没有出现过拟合现象, 而该拟合良好的PLS-DA模型变量的VIP值(图 2D) 可以用于寻找对分类比较重要的显著性变量。
首先根据对照组和模型组构建的PLS-DA模型的VIP值和T检验或者非参数检验的P值, 以同时满足VIP > 1和P < 0.05选取显著性差异变量共12个。对筛选到的差异变量在给药组中的变化进行独立样本T检验或者曼-惠特尼非参数检验, 选取检验结果P < 0.05变量作为给药组相对于模型组的差异显著性变量, 在上述12个内源性物质中共发现有8个存在显著性变化, 结果见表 1。相比对照组, 模型组中1-单硬脂酸甘油酯(glycerol 1-octadecanoate)、3-磷酸甘油酸(3-phosphoglyceric acid)、左旋多巴(L-dopa)、α-氨基己二酸(aminoadipic acid)、D-核酮糖-5-磷酸(D-ribulose 5-phosphate)、β-甘露糖基甘油酸[2(α-D-mannosyl)-D-glycerate]、尿素(urea) 和1-棕榈酸单甘油酯(monopalmitin-1-glyceride) 的含量均显著下降, D-果糖(D-fructose)、D-麦芽糖(D-maltose)、鸟氨酸(ornithine) 和乙醇胺(ethanolamine) 的含量显著上升, 提示这12种内源性物质可能是LPS诱导的小鼠呼吸道感染血清潜在生物标志物, 而在给药组中这12个内源性代谢物均得到了不同程度的恢复, 其中3-磷酸甘油酸、α-氨基己二酸、D-核酮糖-5-磷酸、β-甘露糖基甘油酸、D-果糖、尿素、D-麦芽糖和鸟氨酸得到显著性回调。
采用MetaboAnalyst通路分析工具, 对经模型组与对照组比较鉴别出的潜在生物标志物进行通路富集分析和通路拓扑分析, 发现影响较大的潜在靶向途径包括赖氨酸降解、磷酸戊糖途径、酪氨酸代谢、精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢、淀粉和蔗糖代谢、精氨酸生物合成等11条通路, 由通路分析的结果可以看出, 这些通路可能与LPS诱导的小鼠急性呼吸道感染最为相关(图 3)。将上述MetaboAnalyst所得到的KEGG通路通过Cytoscape的插件Cytokegg搜索导入软件, 利用软件的Merge功能将所有通路整合到一起, 建立代谢物(598种) 和通路蛋白(247种) 的关联网络, 见图 4A。通过GeneCards网站输入关键词“respiratory tract (呼吸道)”、“infection (感染)”搜索疾病蛋白, 共得到8 427种。通过韦恩图求通路蛋白和疾病蛋白的交集发现两者的共有蛋白靶点为160种(图 4B)。
为了更深一步探究PDL治疗急性呼吸道感染的作用机制, 采用Metascape对筛选出160个共有靶点进行GO富集分析和靶点通路富集分析, 结果见图 4C。通路富集分析图中横坐标代表富集的统计学显著性, 用-lgP表示, 该值越大, 富集越明显。由图 4C可知, 富集分析共得到20条P≤0.05的生物过程, 颜色深浅代表富集程度, 颜色越深富集越显著, 根据颜色深浅排名前10的生物过程依次为α-氨基酸代谢过程(α-amino acid metabolic process)、碳水化合物代谢过程(carbohydrate metabolic process)、有机磷酸酯生物合成过程(organophosphate biosynthetic process)、精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢(arginine and proline metabolism)、氨基酸和核苷酸糖代谢(amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism)、酪氨酸代谢(tyrosine metabolism)、谷氨酰胺家族氨基酸代谢过程(glutamine family amino acid metabolic process)、铵离子代谢过程(ammonium ion metabolic process)、淀粉和蔗糖代谢(starch and sucrose metabolism)、细胞碳水化合物代谢(cellular carbohydrate metabolic process)。通过这些生物过程可知PDL调控急性呼吸道感染主要可能与氨基酸代谢、有机磷酸酯生物合成、能量代谢等方面有关, 由此可推测出PDL可能通过调节以上生物过程来发挥其治疗急性呼吸道感染的作用。
将韦恩图所得160种蛋白导入STRING (https://string-db.org/) 在线数据库分析, 得到蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络(PPI网络), 见图 5A, 将此PPI网络导入Cytoscape软件, 利用其CytoHubba插件对网络中的节点进行排名, 以最大集团中心度(maximal clique centrality, MCC) 得分最高的前十个蛋白靶点由黄色至红色表示, 颜色越红代表MCC分数越高, 更倾向于是关键蛋白[13, 14], 获得排名前十的蛋白靶点分别为GPI、G6PD、H6PD、PFKM、TALDO1、TKT、GAPDH、HK1、PKLR和TPI1 (图 5B), 在网络图中起主要作用, 主要分布于糖酵解和磷酸戊糖途径[15]。Michaeloudes等[16]研究发现TGF-β/胎牛血清刺激的慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性机械通气综合征患者表现出脂肪酸氧化能力的恢复, 戊糖磷酸途径产物核糖-5-磷酸和核苷酸生物合成中间体的上调, 以及谷氨酰胺分解代谢物谷氨酸盐水平的增加。糖酵解的抑制和谷氨酰胺的减少减弱了细胞的生长, 糖酵解、谷氨酰胺和脂肪酸代谢的变化可能导致生物合成和氧化还原平衡的增加, 支持慢性阻塞性肺病ASMC生长。因此, 研究结果提示PDL可能通过干预糖酵解和磷酸戊糖途径治疗急性呼吸道感染。
本研究通过整合代谢组学和网络药理学技术, 从生物网络角度系统分析了PDL治疗急性呼吸道感染的可能作用机制。3-磷酸甘油酸、α-氨基己二酸、D-核酮糖-5-磷酸、β-甘露糖基甘油酸、D-果糖、尿素、D-麦芽糖和鸟氨酸等8个内源性代谢物被筛选作为PDL治疗急性呼吸道感染的显著性生物标记物, 进一步的网络研究分析表明主要属于糖酵解和磷酸戊糖途径的GPI、G6PD、H6PD、PFKM、TALDO1、TKT、GAPDH、HK1、PKLR和TPI1等10个蛋白可能为PDL干预急性呼吸道感染的治疗靶点。研究发现, 代谢组学和网络分析相结合的策略有助于解释PDL对急性呼吸道感染的可能作用机制, 并揭示PDL可能通过调节紊乱的代谢途径来治疗急性呼吸道感染的病理过程。
作者贡献: 田刚和胡远卓负责资料调研、实验和写作论文; 李超、翟园园、冯丽和包贝华参与实验; 姚卫峰、张丽和丁安伟提出想法、设计实验、指导并修改论文。
利益冲突: 本文作者声明无利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(81973445)
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2021年第56卷第3期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2020-1585
  • 接收时间:2020-10-05
  • 首发时间:2025-12-18
  • 出版时间:2021-03-12
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  • 收稿日期:2020-10-05
  • 修回日期:2020-12-02
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(81973445)
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    1.济川药业集团有限公司药物研究院, 江苏 泰州 225411
    2.南京中医药大学药学院, 江苏 南京 210023

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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