Article(id=1221483614680825870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1221483606648734411, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2020-1073, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1593273600000, receivedDateStr=2020-06-28, revisedDate=1599408000000, revisedDateStr=2020-09-07, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1769153987807, onlineDateStr=2026-01-23, pubDate=1607702400000, pubDateStr=2020-12-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1769153987807, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1769153987807, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769153987807, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1221483606648734411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2020', volume='55', issue='12', pageStart='2751', pageEnd='2998', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1769153985893, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769154367876, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1221485208856085269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1221483606648734411, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1221485208856085270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1221483606648734411, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2960, endPage=2967, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1221483615398051904, articleId=1221483614680825870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Population pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in idiopathic membranous nephropathy patients, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
The goal of this work was to establish a population pharmacokinetics (PPK) model of tacrolimus in idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) patients and to identify potential covariates that influence pharmacokinetic of tacrolimus. A total of 610 data points on the blood concentration of tacrolimus were collected from 96 IMN patients in routine clinical settings. Nonlinear mixed-effect modeling (NONMEM) was used to investigate the effects of CYP3A5 genotype, age, gender, weight, laboratory tests and co-therapy medications on the pharmacokinetic of tacrolimus. The PPK model was evaluated by the goodness-of-fit (GOT), bootstrap and prediction corrected visual predictive check (pc-VPC). The pharmacokinetic of tacrolimus was described by a one-compartment model. The apparent clearance (CL/F) of CYP3A5*1/*3 and *1/*1 were 1.57 and 1.86 times of that of *3/*3, respectively. The CL/F of tacrolimus was 73.6% in patients undergoing co-therapy with Wuzhi capsules, and 1.2 times than that of the patients undergoing co-therapy with Jinshuibao capsules. The evaluation of the model shows that the model is stable and has satisfactory predictive performance. The clinical trial was approved by the Society of Ethics and conducted in Binzhou Medical University Hospital. The established PPK model can describe the pharmacokinetic characteristics of tacrolimus in Chinese patients with IMN, and can facilitate individualized therapy with tacrolimus.
, correspAuthors=Ting-ting LIN, Zheng JIAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2020 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Chuan-mei WEI, Chun-xia GOU, Kang-na CAO, Xiao-qin LIU, Fei GAO, Ting-ting LIN, Zheng JIAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1221483616736034991, articleId=1221483614680825870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=中国特发性膜性肾病患者他克莫司群体药动学研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
本研究建立他克莫司在特发性膜性肾病(IMN)患者中的群体药代动力学(PPK)模型,并定量考察他克莫司药代动力学的影响因素。收集96名IMN患者的610个常规检测的他克莫司谷浓度数据,采用非线性混合效应模型(NONMEM)考察CYP3A5基因型、年龄、性别、体重、肝肾功能、合用药物等对他克莫司药动学参数的影响,并建立他克莫司群体药动学模型。应用拟合优度图(GOT)、自举法(Bootstrap)和预测值校准的直观预测检验(pc-VPC)对构建的模型进行评价。采用一房室模型描述他克莫司体内变化过程,CYP3A5*1/*3型和*1/*1型表观清除率分别是*3/*3型的1.57倍和1.86倍,合用五酯胶囊患者他克莫司清除率是未合用的73.6%,合用金水宝胶囊患者是未合用的1.2倍。模型评价显示构建的模型稳定,结果可靠。本文临床试验经滨州医学院附属医院伦理委员会批准并在滨州医学院附属医院进行。建立的群体药动学模型较好地描述他克莫司在中国IMN患者体内的药动学特征,为他克莫司的个体化治疗提供依据。
, correspAuthors=蔺婷婷, 焦正, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2020, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=fuEAEcJIUDmsRC70R0noBg==, magXml=zULA6AzT+jFvPs9gl2QZZg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=w6wScoqj+u7VCyE/eHfvVg==, pdfFileSize=973406, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=D8QofAdNQuAvRaGlKiuMXg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=KTRKf+0RD/ZgOwbX3aZ00w==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=魏传梅, 苟春霞, 曹康娜, 刘晓芹, 高菲, 蔺婷婷, 焦正)}, authors=[Author(id=1221483617528758511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1221483614680825870, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1221483617650393337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1221483614680825870, authorId=1221483617528758511, language=EN, stringName=Chuan-mei WEI, firstName=Chuan-mei, middleName=null, lastName=WEI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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2, 3, address=2. Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
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Goodness-of-fit plot for the base model (A) and the final model (B). DV: Dependent variable (observed concentration); IPRED: Individual prediction; PRED: Population prediction; CWRES: Conditional weighted residual , figureFileSmall=sche+l6cqoWbKYxFCIWH2A==, figureFileBig=D8QofAdNQuAvRaGlKiuMXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1221483621202969022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1221483614680825870, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=HifCuI1XIy4UKYo/qxZVRg==, figureFileBig=AeSdACYrWeN3UEajC+vpww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1221483621307826626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1221483614680825870, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption=
Scatter plot matrix of significant covariates (ALT and AST, RBC and Hb) , figureFileSmall=HifCuI1XIy4UKYo/qxZVRg==, figureFileBig=AeSdACYrWeN3UEajC+vpww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1221483621425267142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1221483614680825870, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=kF4xUYLqGQR0hW/L5GsvKg==, figureFileBig=CbZ/u8tALkcrpDysBG4fMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1221483621530124747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1221483614680825870, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption=
Prediction-corrected visual predictive check (pc-VPC) of population pharmacokinetic model. Hollow dots represent observed data; solid lines represent the 5th, 50th and 95th percentiles of observed data; shaded areas represent the 95% confidence interval of the 5th, 50th and 95th percentiles of simulate , figureFileSmall=kF4xUYLqGQR0hW/L5GsvKg==, figureFileBig=CbZ/u8tALkcrpDysBG4fMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1221483621614010831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1221483614680825870, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=GkvIz0maNtTB4HaA5iyVrA==, figureFileBig=5mq0PZ9g3ZkB4NRD2bm+dg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1221483621697896914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1221483614680825870, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption=
Boxplot of the distributions of simulated tacrolimus trough concentrations for CYP3A5 AA (*1/*1), GA (*1/*3), GG (*3/*3) on 0.5, 1, 2 mg q12h regimens for the no drug combination, only co-administration with JSB (Jinshuibao capsule), only co-administration with Wuzhi (Wuzhi capsule) and co-administration with JSB and Wuzhi groups in idiopathic membranous nephropathy patients. Middle bold horizontal bars of the boxes represent median trough concentration, whereas the outer boundaries of the boxes represent the ranges of the 25th and 75th percentiles. The whiskers represent the maximum and the minimum values of trough concentration. Black dots represent the outliers , figureFileSmall=GkvIz0maNtTB4HaA5iyVrA==, figureFileBig=5mq0PZ9g3ZkB4NRD2bm+dg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1221483621785977304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1221483614680825870, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Characteristics | Mean ± SD | Median (range) |
| Number of patients (male/female) | 96 (51/45) | / |
| Number of tacrolimus samplings | 610 | / |
| Tacrolimus daily dose /mg·day-1 | 2.827 ± 0.792 | 3 (1-4.5) |
| Age /years | 37.63 ± 13.59 | 35 (15-71) |
| Body weight /kg | 70.81 ± 12.69 | 70 (47-115) |
| CYP3A5 (AA/AG/GG) | 10/40/46 | / |
| Leukocyte /nL-1 | 13.05 ± 3.69 | 12.83 (4.67-25.64) |
| Erythrocyte /pL-1 | 4.69 ± 0.58 | 4.67 (2.54-12.8) |
| Hemoglobin /g·L-1 | 139.5 ± 15.95 | 141 (75-182) |
| Platelet /pL-1 | 27.79 ± 7.49 | 27.3 (6.8-66.9) |
| Albumin /g·L-1 | 34.65 ± 7.26 | 35 (13.9-52.4) |
| Alanine transaminase /U·L-1 | 26.35 ± 18.9 | 20.6 (6.4-194.6) |
| Aspartate transaminase /U·L-1 | 18.4 ± 7.78 | 16.8 (6.7-100.2) |
| Urea nitrogen /mmol·L-1 | 5.79 ± 2 | 5.44 (2.44-16.2) |
| Serum creatinine /μmol·L-1 | 65.47 ± 13.3 | 63.9 (32-113.3) |
| Uric acid /mmol | 374.4 ± 102.4 | 361 (134.8-843.4) |
| Co-therapy medications a | | |
| Vitamin D calcium chewable tablets (0.3 g, qd) | 96 (583) | 74.8% |
| Wuzhi capsule (11.25 mg, tid) | 92 (586) | 75.2% |
| Calcitriol capsule (0.25 μg, qn) | 98 (594) | 76.3% |
| Jinshuibao capsule (0.99 g, tid) | 46 (181) | 23.2% |
| Ambrette capsule (1.5 g, tid) | 76 (300) | 38.5% |
| Bailing capsule (1.0 g, tid) | 53 (208) | 26.7% |
| Dipyridamole capsule (50 mg, tid) | 80 (471) | 60.5% |
| Prednisone acetate (10-60 mg per day) | 96 (575) | 73.8% |
| Enalapril maleate (5 mg, qd) | 35 (141) | 18.1% |
| Valsartan (80 mg, bid) | 41 (200) | 25.7% |
| Atorvastatin (20 mg, qn) | 60 (190) | 24.4% |
), ArticleFig(id=1221483621920195033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1221483614680825870, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=
Demographics and clinical characteristics of patients. a Presented as number of patients (samples) and percentage of samples
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Characteristics | Mean ± SD | Median (range) |
| Number of patients (male/female) | 96 (51/45) | / |
| Number of tacrolimus samplings | 610 | / |
| Tacrolimus daily dose /mg·day-1 | 2.827 ± 0.792 | 3 (1-4.5) |
| Age /years | 37.63 ± 13.59 | 35 (15-71) |
| Body weight /kg | 70.81 ± 12.69 | 70 (47-115) |
| CYP3A5 (AA/AG/GG) | 10/40/46 | / |
| Leukocyte /nL-1 | 13.05 ± 3.69 | 12.83 (4.67-25.64) |
| Erythrocyte /pL-1 | 4.69 ± 0.58 | 4.67 (2.54-12.8) |
| Hemoglobin /g·L-1 | 139.5 ± 15.95 | 141 (75-182) |
| Platelet /pL-1 | 27.79 ± 7.49 | 27.3 (6.8-66.9) |
| Albumin /g·L-1 | 34.65 ± 7.26 | 35 (13.9-52.4) |
| Alanine transaminase /U·L-1 | 26.35 ± 18.9 | 20.6 (6.4-194.6) |
| Aspartate transaminase /U·L-1 | 18.4 ± 7.78 | 16.8 (6.7-100.2) |
| Urea nitrogen /mmol·L-1 | 5.79 ± 2 | 5.44 (2.44-16.2) |
| Serum creatinine /μmol·L-1 | 65.47 ± 13.3 | 63.9 (32-113.3) |
| Uric acid /mmol | 374.4 ± 102.4 | 361 (134.8-843.4) |
| Co-therapy medications a | | |
| Vitamin D calcium chewable tablets (0.3 g, qd) | 96 (583) | 74.8% |
| Wuzhi capsule (11.25 mg, tid) | 92 (586) | 75.2% |
| Calcitriol capsule (0.25 μg, qn) | 98 (594) | 76.3% |
| Jinshuibao capsule (0.99 g, tid) | 46 (181) | 23.2% |
| Ambrette capsule (1.5 g, tid) | 76 (300) | 38.5% |
| Bailing capsule (1.0 g, tid) | 53 (208) | 26.7% |
| Dipyridamole capsule (50 mg, tid) | 80 (471) | 60.5% |
| Prednisone acetate (10-60 mg per day) | 96 (575) | 73.8% |
| Enalapril maleate (5 mg, qd) | 35 (141) | 18.1% |
| Valsartan (80 mg, bid) | 41 (200) | 25.7% |
| Atorvastatin (20 mg, qn) | 60 (190) | 24.4% |
), ArticleFig(id=1221483621999886814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1221483614680825870, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Parameter | NONMEM | | Bootstrap | Bias /% |
| Estimate | RSE/% | Median | 2.5%-97.5% |
| Ka /h-1 | 4.5 | / | | 4.5 | / | / |
| CL/F /L·h-1 | 9.7 | 8.1 | 9.78 | 7.98-12.06 | 0.82 |
| Impact of CYP3A5 AG | 1.57 | 7.1 | 1.56 | 1.36-1.82 | -0.64 |
| Impact of CYP3A5 AA | 1.86 | 6.4 | 1.86 | 1.63-2.13 | 0 |
| Impact of JSB | 1.2 | 4.9 | 1.2 | 1.09-1.33 | 0 |
| Impact of Wuzhi | 0.736 | 4.7 | 0.73 | 0.65-0.8 | -0.82 |
| V/F /L | 193 | 22.1 | 195.32 | 114.38-369.3 | 1.2 |
| Inter-individual variability | | | | | |
| CL/F /% | 25.3 | 8.8 | 24.5 | 20-28.3 | -3.16 |
| Residual variability | | | | | |
| Proportional error /% | 31.6 | 9.7 | 31.6 | 26.5-36.1 | 0 |
| Additive error | 1.20 | 34.7 | 1.35 | 0.13-3.02 | 12.5 |
), ArticleFig(id=1221483622079578595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1221483614680825870, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=
Population pharmacokinetic parameters estimated by NONMEM and bootstrap. RSE: Relative standard error (%); CYP3A5 AG: Carrier of CYP3A5 AG; CYP3A5 AA: Carrier of CYP3A5 AA; JSB: Jinshuibao capsule; Wuzhi: Wuzhi capsule. Bias %= (Bootstrap – NONMEM) / NONMEM × 100 %
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Parameter | NONMEM | | Bootstrap | Bias /% |
| Estimate | RSE/% | Median | 2.5%-97.5% |
| Ka /h-1 | 4.5 | / | | 4.5 | / | / |
| CL/F /L·h-1 | 9.7 | 8.1 | 9.78 | 7.98-12.06 | 0.82 |
| Impact of CYP3A5 AG | 1.57 | 7.1 | 1.56 | 1.36-1.82 | -0.64 |
| Impact of CYP3A5 AA | 1.86 | 6.4 | 1.86 | 1.63-2.13 | 0 |
| Impact of JSB | 1.2 | 4.9 | 1.2 | 1.09-1.33 | 0 |
| Impact of Wuzhi | 0.736 | 4.7 | 0.73 | 0.65-0.8 | -0.82 |
| V/F /L | 193 | 22.1 | 195.32 | 114.38-369.3 | 1.2 |
| Inter-individual variability | | | | | |
| CL/F /% | 25.3 | 8.8 | 24.5 | 20-28.3 | -3.16 |
| Residual variability | | | | | |
| Proportional error /% | 31.6 | 9.7 | 31.6 | 26.5-36.1 | 0 |
| Additive error | 1.20 | 34.7 | 1.35 | 0.13-3.02 | 12.5 |
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