Article(id=1220655297996181636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1220655289922143078, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2019-0872, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1572796800000, receivedDateStr=2019-11-04, revisedDate=1581091200000, revisedDateStr=2020-02-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768956501721, onlineDateStr=2026-01-21, pubDate=1591891200000, pubDateStr=2020-06-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768956501721, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768956501721, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768956501721, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1220655289922143078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2020', volume='55', issue='6', pageStart='1073', pageEnd='1356', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768956499796, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768957205309, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1220658249112671213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1220655289922143078, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1220658249112671214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1220655289922143078, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1201, endPage=1208, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1220655298675658924, articleId=1220655297996181636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Metabolism of the synthetic cannabinoid PX-2 in human liver microsomes, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
This study was performed to determine the metabolic profile of a new illicit drug, PX-2, in human liver microsomes. Q Exactive™ HF Quadrupole-Orbitrap LC-MS (LC-QE-HF-Orbitrap-MS) was employed to determine the metabolic sites and pathways of phase Ⅰ and phase Ⅱ metabolism. PX-2 was added to a microsomal incubation model to simulate human hepatic metabolism. The results showed that a total of 18 phase Ⅰ metabolites and 3 glucuronidated phase Ⅱ metabolites were generated, with the main metabolic pathways of phase Ⅰ metabolism including amide hydrolysis, fluoropentyl oxidative defluorination, benzyl hydroxylation, and carbazole ring hydroxylation. Based on the type and sites of metabolism, phase Ⅰ metabolites M1.1 (amide hydrolysis), M4.1 (carbazole cyclic hydroxylation), and M3.1 (oxidative defluorinative hydroxylation) are proposed to be potential poisoning markers. The results of this study provide a basis for identification of related drugs and establishment of testing methods in biological samples.
, correspAuthors=Ji-fen WANG, Wen-fang ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2020 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hai HEI, Ying ZHANG, Duo-qi XU, Yan-yan WANG, Shi-yang QIN, Ji-fen WANG, Wen-fang ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1220655301213213056, articleId=1220655297996181636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=合成大麻素PX-2在体外人肝微粒体中的代谢研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
本文通过体外人肝微粒体代谢模型研究合成大麻素N-(1-氨甲酰基-2-苯基乙基)-1-(5-氟戊基)吲唑-3-甲酰胺(PX-2)的代谢物及代谢途径。在体外人肝微粒体模型中加入1 mg·mL-1 PX-2对照品,模拟人体代谢过程孵育60 min,并利用液相色谱Q Exactive™HF组合型四极杆Orbitrap质谱(LC-QE-HF-Orbitrap-MS)分析Ⅰ、Ⅱ相代谢的位点及其代谢途径。结果显示,PX-2经过代谢共产生18种Ⅰ相体外代谢物和3种葡萄糖醛酸化的Ⅱ相体外代谢物,其中参与Ⅰ相代谢的途径包括酰胺水解、氟代戊烷基侧链氧化脱氟、苄基羟基化和吲唑环羟基化等。根据代谢方式、代谢发生位点以及代谢产物的响应强度,推荐PX-2的酰胺水解代谢物(M1.1)、吲唑环单羟基化代谢物和戊烷基侧链脱氟代谢物为合适的潜在代谢标志物。研究结果可为吸食该类物质的认定及生物检材中该类物质检验方法的建立提供依据。
, correspAuthors=王继芬, 张文芳, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2020, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=xluYToMukbiKworeglbQkA==, magXml=xlE3FGDhsy/S/F5ccKp3eA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=R1Dhld+S9NBUyUPyiVOVww==, pdfFileSize=785995, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=brjFnTiJJMFJ8ws0wlFgPg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=hkbJ4s2pAAMcan7boM+KdQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=黑海, 张瑛, 徐多麒, 王燕燕, 覃仕扬, 王继芬, 张文芳)}, authors=[Author(id=1220655302005936590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1220655297996181636, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1220655302114988505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1220655297996181636, authorId=1220655302005936590, language=EN, stringName=Hai HEI, firstName=Hai, middleName=null, lastName=HEI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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Chemical structure of N-(1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (PX-2, a) and N-[1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-1-(5-fluropentyl)-1-pentylindazole-3-carboxamide(5F-AB-PINACA, b) , figureFileSmall=L++84CoZGYcxnYUMOQUYgg==, figureFileBig=brjFnTiJJMFJ8ws0wlFgPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1220655305847919443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1220655297996181636, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=rkwcSQMkFb37q38ijLAgqQ==, figureFileBig=hMrkqHrp7xAJPyX6QjHJyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1220655305948582749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1220655297996181636, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption=
Mass spectra of PX-2 , figureFileSmall=rkwcSQMkFb37q38ijLAgqQ==, figureFileBig=hMrkqHrp7xAJPyX6QjHJyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1220655306049246051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1220655297996181636, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=z+0F3RGoZLCKnUVeXCWeqw==, figureFileBig=zUL2P+7DyI/I0Z1yszLz6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1220655306133132138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1220655297996181636, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption=
Combined extracted ion chromatograms of PX-2's metabolites (M1-M8) identified in human liver microsomes , figureFileSmall=z+0F3RGoZLCKnUVeXCWeqw==, figureFileBig=zUL2P+7DyI/I0Z1yszLz6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1220655306237989749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1220655297996181636, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=VM1ASaGFWH8J7/3PtPGO0w==, figureFileBig=MoFOklisylpUA562GWQ3Xg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1220655306321875834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1220655297996181636, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption=
Chemical structure and mass spectrum of main metabolites of PX-2 , figureFileSmall=VM1ASaGFWH8J7/3PtPGO0w==, figureFileBig=MoFOklisylpUA562GWQ3Xg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1220655306418344833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1220655297996181636, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=h06cEdDUy8AO1OVQYj6fxg==, figureFileBig=s+By8QtOCbl7NoHb0ALu9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1220655306502230922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1220655297996181636, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption=
Metabolic pathway of PX-2 in human , figureFileSmall=h06cEdDUy8AO1OVQYj6fxg==, figureFileBig=s+By8QtOCbl7NoHb0ALu9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1220655306632254355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1220655297996181636, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Peak ID | Metabolic reaction | RT /min | [M+H]+ (m/z) | Area peak | Chemical formula | MS2 fragment ion | Mass error (ppm) |
| PX-2 | 5.27 | 397.20343 | 5.52×106 | C22H25FN4O2 | 352, 251, 233, 213, 145 | 3.37 |
| M1.1 | Terminal amide hydrolysis | 5.56 | 398.18745 | 4.13×106 | C22H24FN3O3 | 352, 251, 233, 213, 145 | 1.18 |
| M1.2 | Terminal amide hydrolysis, oxidative defluorination hydroxylation | 4.79 | 396.19178 | 1.28×105 | C22H25N3O4 | 350, 249, 231, 213, 145 | 1.94 |
| M1.3 | Phenylalanine loss | 5.30 | 251.11903 | 1.91×106 | C13H15FN2O2 | 233, 213, 145 | 3.46 |
| M2.1 | Oxidative deamination to alcohol, hydroxylation (benzyl) | 4.73 | 414.18236 | 1.31×105 | C22H24FN3O4 | 369, 251, 233, 213, 145 | 5.31 |
| M2.2 | Oxidative deamination to alcohol, hydroxylation (indazole) | 4.92 | 414.18236 | 2.55×105 | C22H24FN3O4 | 267, 251, 229, 161 | 3.24 |
| M2.3 | Oxidative deamination to alcohol, hydroxylation (pentyl) | 5.06 | 414.18236 | 2.07×105 | C22H24FN3O4 | 369, 267, 249, 145 | 4.80 |
| M2.4 | Dehydrogenation (pentyl) | 5.43 | 395.18778 | 1.04×105 | C22H23FN4O2 | 350, 249, 231, 213, 145 | 0.48 |
| M3.1 | Oxidative defluorination, hydroxylation | 4.54 | 395.20777 | 2.1×106 | C22H26N4O3 | 350, 231, 145 | 3.64 |
| M3.2 | Oxidative defluorination, hydroxylation, carboxylation | 4.50 | 409.18703 | 5.43×104 | C22H24N4O4 | 364, 245, 217 | 5.01 |
| M4.1 | Hydroxylation (benzyl) | 4.69 | 413.19835 | 9.51×105 | C22H25FN4O3 | 368, 251, 233, 213, 145 | 3.73 |
| M4.2 | Hydroxylation (indazole) | 5.01 | 413.19835 | 3.19×106 | C22H25FN4O3 | 290, 251, 233, 161 | 1.31 |
| M4.3 | Hydroxylation (pentyl) | 5.17 | 413.19835 | 1.14×105 | C22H25FN4O3 | 249, 229, 145 | 0.48 |
| M5.1 | Ketone formation (pentyl) | 4.24 | 411.1827 | 1.12×105 | C22H23FN4O3 | 366, 231, 213, 145 | 1.29 |
| M5.2 | Epoxidation (benzyl) | 5.42 | 411.1827 | 8.80×105 | C22H23FN4O3 | 366, 251, 233, 213, 145 | 2.09 |
| M5.3 | Epoxidation (indazole) | 4.86 | 411.1827 | 1.23×105 | C22H23FN4O3 | 366, 265, 247, 227 | 0.54 |
| M6.1 | Dihydroxylation (2pentyl) | 4.17 | 429.19326 | 1.21×105 | C22H25FN4O4 | 267, 231, 145 | 2.56 |
| M6.2 | Dihydroxylation (benzyl+ pentyl) | 4.33 | 429.19326 | 1.99×105 | C22H25FN4O4 | 384, 267, 249, 145 | 0.79 |
| M6.3 | Dihydroxylation (2indazole) | 4.49 | 429.19326 | 5.51×104 | C22H25FN4O4 | 267, 251, 229, 213, 161 | 0.86 |
| M7.1 | Hydroxylation, glucuronidation (pentyl) | 4.01 | 589.23043 | 9.99×104 | C28H33FN4O9 | 443, 249, 229, 193, 161 | 3.38 |
| M7.2 | Hydroxylation glucuronidation (benzyl) | 3.82 | 589.23043 | 3.60×104 | C28H33FN4O9 | 443, 267, 249, 229, 193 | 0.07 |
| M7.3 | Hydroxylation glucuronidation (indazole) | 3.96 | 589.23043 | 1.44×105 | C28H33FN4O9 | 443, 267, 249, 193 | 0.97 |
| M8.1 | N-Deakylation | 4.27 | 309.13460 | 9.58×105 | C17H16N4O2 | 290, 264, 163, 145 | 1.16 |
| M8.2 | N-Deakylation, hydroxylation (benzyl) | 4.03 | 325.12952 | 2.30×105 | C17H16N4O3 | 308, 280, 163, 145 | 3.29 |
), ArticleFig(id=1220655306703557530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1220655297996181636, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=
Identification of PX-2 metabolites after 60 min incubation with human liver microsomes
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Peak ID | Metabolic reaction | RT /min | [M+H]+ (m/z) | Area peak | Chemical formula | MS2 fragment ion | Mass error (ppm) |
| PX-2 | 5.27 | 397.20343 | 5.52×106 | C22H25FN4O2 | 352, 251, 233, 213, 145 | 3.37 |
| M1.1 | Terminal amide hydrolysis | 5.56 | 398.18745 | 4.13×106 | C22H24FN3O3 | 352, 251, 233, 213, 145 | 1.18 |
| M1.2 | Terminal amide hydrolysis, oxidative defluorination hydroxylation | 4.79 | 396.19178 | 1.28×105 | C22H25N3O4 | 350, 249, 231, 213, 145 | 1.94 |
| M1.3 | Phenylalanine loss | 5.30 | 251.11903 | 1.91×106 | C13H15FN2O2 | 233, 213, 145 | 3.46 |
| M2.1 | Oxidative deamination to alcohol, hydroxylation (benzyl) | 4.73 | 414.18236 | 1.31×105 | C22H24FN3O4 | 369, 251, 233, 213, 145 | 5.31 |
| M2.2 | Oxidative deamination to alcohol, hydroxylation (indazole) | 4.92 | 414.18236 | 2.55×105 | C22H24FN3O4 | 267, 251, 229, 161 | 3.24 |
| M2.3 | Oxidative deamination to alcohol, hydroxylation (pentyl) | 5.06 | 414.18236 | 2.07×105 | C22H24FN3O4 | 369, 267, 249, 145 | 4.80 |
| M2.4 | Dehydrogenation (pentyl) | 5.43 | 395.18778 | 1.04×105 | C22H23FN4O2 | 350, 249, 231, 213, 145 | 0.48 |
| M3.1 | Oxidative defluorination, hydroxylation | 4.54 | 395.20777 | 2.1×106 | C22H26N4O3 | 350, 231, 145 | 3.64 |
| M3.2 | Oxidative defluorination, hydroxylation, carboxylation | 4.50 | 409.18703 | 5.43×104 | C22H24N4O4 | 364, 245, 217 | 5.01 |
| M4.1 | Hydroxylation (benzyl) | 4.69 | 413.19835 | 9.51×105 | C22H25FN4O3 | 368, 251, 233, 213, 145 | 3.73 |
| M4.2 | Hydroxylation (indazole) | 5.01 | 413.19835 | 3.19×106 | C22H25FN4O3 | 290, 251, 233, 161 | 1.31 |
| M4.3 | Hydroxylation (pentyl) | 5.17 | 413.19835 | 1.14×105 | C22H25FN4O3 | 249, 229, 145 | 0.48 |
| M5.1 | Ketone formation (pentyl) | 4.24 | 411.1827 | 1.12×105 | C22H23FN4O3 | 366, 231, 213, 145 | 1.29 |
| M5.2 | Epoxidation (benzyl) | 5.42 | 411.1827 | 8.80×105 | C22H23FN4O3 | 366, 251, 233, 213, 145 | 2.09 |
| M5.3 | Epoxidation (indazole) | 4.86 | 411.1827 | 1.23×105 | C22H23FN4O3 | 366, 265, 247, 227 | 0.54 |
| M6.1 | Dihydroxylation (2pentyl) | 4.17 | 429.19326 | 1.21×105 | C22H25FN4O4 | 267, 231, 145 | 2.56 |
| M6.2 | Dihydroxylation (benzyl+ pentyl) | 4.33 | 429.19326 | 1.99×105 | C22H25FN4O4 | 384, 267, 249, 145 | 0.79 |
| M6.3 | Dihydroxylation (2indazole) | 4.49 | 429.19326 | 5.51×104 | C22H25FN4O4 | 267, 251, 229, 213, 161 | 0.86 |
| M7.1 | Hydroxylation, glucuronidation (pentyl) | 4.01 | 589.23043 | 9.99×104 | C28H33FN4O9 | 443, 249, 229, 193, 161 | 3.38 |
| M7.2 | Hydroxylation glucuronidation (benzyl) | 3.82 | 589.23043 | 3.60×104 | C28H33FN4O9 | 443, 267, 249, 229, 193 | 0.07 |
| M7.3 | Hydroxylation glucuronidation (indazole) | 3.96 | 589.23043 | 1.44×105 | C28H33FN4O9 | 443, 267, 249, 193 | 0.97 |
| M8.1 | N-Deakylation | 4.27 | 309.13460 | 9.58×105 | C17H16N4O2 | 290, 264, 163, 145 | 1.16 |
| M8.2 | N-Deakylation, hydroxylation (benzyl) | 4.03 | 325.12952 | 2.30×105 | C17H16N4O3 | 308, 280, 163, 145 | 3.29 |
), ArticleFig(id=1220655306892301217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1220655297996181636, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Peak ID | [M+H]+ (m/z) | Chemical formula | RT/min | Area peak |
| PX-2 | 397.203 43 | C22H25FN4O2 | 5.27 | 5.52×106 |
| M1.1 | 398.187 45 | C22H24FN3O3 | 5.55 | 4.13×106 |
| M4.2 | 413.198 35 | C22H25FN4O3 | 5.01 | 3.19×106 |
| M3.1 | 395.207 77 | C22H26N4O3 | 4.54 | 2.10×106 |
| M1.3 | 251.119 03 | C13H15FN2O2 | 5.30 | 1.91×106 |
), ArticleFig(id=1220655306988770215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1220655297996181636, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=
Basic information on potential poisoning markers in PX-2
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Peak ID | [M+H]+ (m/z) | Chemical formula | RT/min | Area peak |
| PX-2 | 397.203 43 | C22H25FN4O2 | 5.27 | 5.52×106 |
| M1.1 | 398.187 45 | C22H24FN3O3 | 5.55 | 4.13×106 |
| M4.2 | 413.198 35 | C22H25FN4O3 | 5.01 | 3.19×106 |
| M3.1 | 395.207 77 | C22H26N4O3 | 4.54 | 2.10×106 |
| M1.3 | 251.119 03 | C13H15FN2O2 | 5.30 | 1.91×106 |
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