Article(id=1222466465836557109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1222466461742916318, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2018-0744, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1534262400000, receivedDateStr=2018-08-15, revisedDate=1537459200000, revisedDateStr=2018-09-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1769388317783, onlineDateStr=2026-01-26, pubDate=1549900800000, pubDateStr=2019-02-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1769388317783, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1769388317783, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769388317783, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1222466461742916318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2019', volume='54', issue='2', pageStart='187', pageEnd='392', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1769388316807, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769389248599, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1222470370016350509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1222466461742916318, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1222470370016350510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1222466461742916318, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=281, endPage=287, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1222466467468141486, articleId=1222466465836557109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Genistein regulates miR-21 to promote the apoptosis in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The research is aimed to investigate the effect of genistein (GEN) on the apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells and explore the pharmacological mechanism of GEN anti-atherosclerosis (AS). RAW264.7 cells were activated by LPS, the level of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR, the expression of COX-2 and iNOS were detected by Western blot. RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with GEN for 2 h, and then incubated with LPS for 24 h. After that, CCK8 kit was used for the cell viability, Annexin V-FITC/PI kit for the apoptosis of cell. qRT-PCR was used to detect the level of CHOP, caspase-3 and miR-21. Western blot was used to detect the expression of CHOP and caspase-3. Results showed that LPS (1 000 ng·mL-1) increased the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2 and iNOS in RAW264.7 cells compared with that in control group. GEN inhibited the cell activity and the level of miR-21, promoted the expression of CHOP and caspase-3 in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. miR-21 up inhibited the expression of CHOP and caspase-3 in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells and this process was reversed by GEN treatment. miR-21 down promoted the expression of CHOP and caspase-3, which were further enhanced by GEN. These results indicate that GEN promotes the apoptosis of RAW264.7 cells activated by LPS through down regulating miR-21 and activating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway.

, correspAuthors=Xiao-hua FU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2019 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Li-ping XIANG, Li CONG, Yong ZHANG, Su-juan LIU, Xiao-lin XIE, Ping-juan BO, Xue-ping XIANG, Xiao-hua FU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1222466469552709756, articleId=1222466465836557109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=金雀异黄素调控miR-21表达促进LPS活化的RAW264.7细胞凋亡, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本文旨在研究金雀异黄素(genistein,GEN)对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)活化的RAW264.7细胞凋亡的影响,探讨GEN抗动脉粥样硬化的药理学作用机制。应用LPS活化RAW264.7细胞,qRT-PCR检测肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)和白介素-6(interleukin 6,IL-6)mRNA表达,Western blot检测环氧合酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthases,iNOS)蛋白表达。使用GEN预处理细胞2 h,再与LPS共孵育24 h后,CCK8检测细胞活力,Annexin V-FITC/PI法检测细胞凋亡,qRT-PCR检测CHOP、caspase-3和miR-21基因表达,Western blot检测CHOP和caspase-3蛋白表达。结果显示,1 000 ng·mL-1 LPS上调RAW264.7细胞TNF-α、IL-6、COX-2和iNOS基因或蛋白表达;GEN呈浓度依赖性下调LPS活化的RAW264.7细胞活力,增加凋亡率,上调CHOP和caspase-3表达,并下调miR-21表达;慢病毒介导的miR-21 up抑制LPS活化的RAW264.7细胞CHOP和caspase-3表达,与GEN作用相反;慢病毒介导的miR-21 down促进LPS活化的RAW264.7细胞CHOP和caspase-3表达,与GEN具有协同作用。这些结果提示,金雀异黄素能够促进LPS活化的RAW264.7细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与下调miR-21表达,激活内质网应激反应性凋亡途径有关。

, correspAuthors=符晓华, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*符晓华, Tel:86-731-88912446, Fax:86-731-88912478, E-mail:
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Lipids Health Dis, 2014, 13: 27., articleTitle=miR-21 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced lipid accumulation and inflammatory response:potential role in cerebrovascular disease, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1222466476074852919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222466465836557109, awardId=81370382, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金面上项目(81370382), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1222466469858893978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222466465836557109, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1222466469871476891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222466465836557109, companyId=1222466469858893978, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1222466469875671196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222466465836557109, companyId=1222466469858893978, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=湖南师范大学医学院, 湖南 长沙 410013)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1222466474069975531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222466465836557109, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=i8+tn0PtRqBNFHiCb7T3iQ==, figureFileBig=3xRolSTNmpoGVHS5b2uTXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222466474246136311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222466465836557109, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= The effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on RAW264.7 cells. RAW264.7 cells were activated by LPS (500 or 1 000 ng·mL<sup>-1</sup>) for 12 h or 24 h. qRT-PCR detected the level of TNF-<i>α</i> (A) and IL-6 (B) mRNA. Western blot detected the protein expression of COX-2 (C) and iNOS (D). <i>n</i> = 3, $\bar{x}\pm s$. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05 vs control group. COX: Cyclooxygenase-2; iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthases , figureFileSmall=i8+tn0PtRqBNFHiCb7T3iQ==, figureFileBig=3xRolSTNmpoGVHS5b2uTXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222466474464240128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222466465836557109, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=01JvlvNxAeBvSJWyCNucsQ==, figureFileBig=hAAK8WILogxKVpDSj7hlkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222466474552320515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222466465836557109, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= The effect of genistein (GEN) on the cell viability and apoptosis of LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with GEN (10、20、40 µmol·L<sup>-1</sup>) for 2 h, then incubated with LPS (1 000 ng·mL<sup>-1</sup>) for 24 h. Annexin V-FITC/PI kits and CCK8 kits detected cell apoptosis rate (A) and viability (B), respectively. qRT-PCR detected the level of caspase-3 (C) and CHOP (D) mRNA. Western blot detected the protein expression of caspase-3 and CHOP (E). <i>n</i> = 3, $\bar{x}\pm s$. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05 , figureFileSmall=01JvlvNxAeBvSJWyCNucsQ==, figureFileBig=hAAK8WILogxKVpDSj7hlkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222466474673955337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222466465836557109, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=h/6ObICp+IfOW64lUBS1FA==, figureFileBig=CtNzVxREIo6k+SfbfFOKcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222466474778812938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222466465836557109, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= The effect of GEN on the level of miR-21 in LPS- activated RAW264.7 cells. RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with GEN (10 µmol·L<sup>-1</sup>) for 2 h, then incubated with LPS (1 000 ng·mL<sup>-1</sup>) for 24 h. qRT-PCR was used for the level of miR-21. n = 3, $\bar{x}\pm s$. <sup>*</sup>P < 0.05 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>#</sup>P < 0.05 <i>vs</i> LPS group , figureFileSmall=h/6ObICp+IfOW64lUBS1FA==, figureFileBig=CtNzVxREIo6k+SfbfFOKcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222466474862699021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222466465836557109, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=u7Wz8TReCCtbu4aUxiDCMQ==, figureFileBig=BdVsCoZhMj55z2iY4HIKmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222466474942390801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222466465836557109, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= The effect of miR-21 up on the apoptosis of LPS (1 000 ng·mL<sup>-1</sup>)-activated RAW264.7 cells. A: RAW264.7 cells infected with miR-21 up-NC (multiplicity of infection, MOI = 50) and miR-21 up (MOI = 50) lentivirus with GFP were captured under phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy (×200); B: qRT-PCR detected the level of miR-21; qRT-PCR detected the level of caspase-3 (C) and CHOP (D) mRNA; E: Western blot detected the protein expression of caspase-3 and CHOP. <i>n</i> = 3, $\bar{x}\pm s$. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05 , figureFileSmall=u7Wz8TReCCtbu4aUxiDCMQ==, figureFileBig=BdVsCoZhMj55z2iY4HIKmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222466475026276885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222466465836557109, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Byf9UtLpcQpMtvmtkOFYQw==, figureFileBig=ViOxhDKh75T5DFs2SvCjgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222466475147911705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222466465836557109, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= The effect of miR-21 down on the apoptosis of LPS (1 000 ng·mL<sup>-1</sup>)-activated RAW264.7 cells. A: RAW264.7 cells infected with miR-21 down-NC (MOI = 50) and miR-21 down (MOI = 50) lentivirus with GFP were captured under phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy (×200); B: qRT-PCR detected the level of miR-21; qRT-PCR detected the level of caspase-3 (C) and CHOP (D) mRNA; E: Western blot detected the protein expression of caspase-3 and CHOP. <i>n</i> = 3, $\bar{x}\pm s$. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05 , figureFileSmall=Byf9UtLpcQpMtvmtkOFYQw==, figureFileBig=ViOxhDKh75T5DFs2SvCjgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222466475244380701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222466465836557109, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=UF5Cu4QG1sAbMQoC3J/mxQ==, figureFileBig=TPTlJyvc99O4kQc0TClYEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222466475332461089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222466465836557109, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= The effect of GEN (10 µmol·L<sup>-1</sup>) on the apoptosis of LPS (1 000 ng·mL<sup>-1</sup>)-activated RAW264.7 cells infected with miR-21 up (MOI = 50). qRT-PCR detected the level of caspase-3 (A) and CHOP (B) mRNA; C: Western blot detected the protein expression of caspase-3 and CHOP. <i>n</i> = 3, $\bar{x}\pm s$. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05 , figureFileSmall=UF5Cu4QG1sAbMQoC3J/mxQ==, figureFileBig=TPTlJyvc99O4kQc0TClYEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222466475424735781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222466465836557109, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=W5twXlYX1s0jq5PkxIN3ZQ==, figureFileBig=W85qDBZH4bdwV1KJ5vlLhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222466475756085800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222466465836557109, language=CN, label=Figure 7, caption= The effect of GEN (10 µmol·L<sup>-1</sup>) on the apoptosis of LPS (1 000 ng·mL<sup>-1</sup>)-activated RAW264.7 cells infected with miR-21 down (MOI = 50). qRT-PCR detected the level of caspase-3 (A) and CHOP (B) mRNA; C: Western blot detected the protein expression of caspase-3 and CHOP. <i>n</i> = 3, $\bar{x}\pm s$. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05 , figureFileSmall=W5twXlYX1s0jq5PkxIN3ZQ==, figureFileBig=W85qDBZH4bdwV1KJ5vlLhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222466475865137707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222466465836557109, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene Primer sequence (5'-3')
TNF-α Forward CAAGGGACAAGGCTGCCCCG
Reverse GCAGGGGCTCTTGACGGCAG
IL-6 Forward AACGATGATGCACTTGCAGA
Reverse CTCTGAAGGACTCTGGCTTTG
CHOP Forward AATAACAGCCGGAACCTGAGGA
Reverse ACTCAGCTGCCATGACTGCAC
Caspase-3 Forward GAGCCAGAGCAGAGACTTGG
Reverse CATCATCCACACAAACCAGAA
GAPDH Forward TGATGACATCAAGAAGGTGGTGAA
Reverse TGGGATG-GAAATTGTGAGG GAGAT
miR-21 Forward GTGCAGGGTCCGAGGT
Reverse GCCGCTAGCTTATAAGACTGATGT
U6 Forward CTCGCTTCGGCAGCACA
Reverse AACGCTTCACGAATTTGCGT
miR-21 RT primer GTCGTATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGGT
ATTCGCACTGGATACGACTCAACA
U6 RT primer AAAATATGGAACGCTTCACGAATTTG
), ArticleFig(id=1222466475969995312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222466465836557109, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primer sequence. TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-6: Interleukin 6

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene Primer sequence (5'-3')
TNF-α Forward CAAGGGACAAGGCTGCCCCG
Reverse GCAGGGGCTCTTGACGGCAG
IL-6 Forward AACGATGATGCACTTGCAGA
Reverse CTCTGAAGGACTCTGGCTTTG
CHOP Forward AATAACAGCCGGAACCTGAGGA
Reverse ACTCAGCTGCCATGACTGCAC
Caspase-3 Forward GAGCCAGAGCAGAGACTTGG
Reverse CATCATCCACACAAACCAGAA
GAPDH Forward TGATGACATCAAGAAGGTGGTGAA
Reverse TGGGATG-GAAATTGTGAGG GAGAT
miR-21 Forward GTGCAGGGTCCGAGGT
Reverse GCCGCTAGCTTATAAGACTGATGT
U6 Forward CTCGCTTCGGCAGCACA
Reverse AACGCTTCACGAATTTGCGT
miR-21 RT primer GTCGTATCCAGTGCAGGGTCCGAGGT
ATTCGCACTGGATACGACTCAACA
U6 RT primer AAAATATGGAACGCTTCACGAATTTG
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金雀异黄素调控miR-21表达促进LPS活化的RAW264.7细胞凋亡
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向丽萍 , 丛丽 , 张勇 , 刘素娟 , 谢小林 , 柏萍娟 , 向雪萍 , 符晓华 *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2019,54(2): 281-287
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2019, 54(2): 281-287
金雀异黄素调控miR-21表达促进LPS活化的RAW264.7细胞凋亡
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向丽萍, 丛丽, 张勇, 刘素娟, 谢小林, 柏萍娟, 向雪萍, 符晓华*
作者信息
  • 湖南师范大学医学院, 湖南 长沙 410013

通讯作者:

*符晓华, Tel:86-731-88912446, Fax:86-731-88912478, E-mail:
Genistein regulates miR-21 to promote the apoptosis in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells
Li-ping XIANG, Li CONG, Yong ZHANG, Su-juan LIU, Xiao-lin XIE, Ping-juan BO, Xue-ping XIANG, Xiao-hua FU*
Affiliations
  • School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
出版时间: 2019-02-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2018-0744
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本文旨在研究金雀异黄素(genistein,GEN)对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)活化的RAW264.7细胞凋亡的影响,探讨GEN抗动脉粥样硬化的药理学作用机制。应用LPS活化RAW264.7细胞,qRT-PCR检测肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)和白介素-6(interleukin 6,IL-6)mRNA表达,Western blot检测环氧合酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthases,iNOS)蛋白表达。使用GEN预处理细胞2 h,再与LPS共孵育24 h后,CCK8检测细胞活力,Annexin V-FITC/PI法检测细胞凋亡,qRT-PCR检测CHOP、caspase-3和miR-21基因表达,Western blot检测CHOP和caspase-3蛋白表达。结果显示,1 000 ng·mL-1 LPS上调RAW264.7细胞TNF-α、IL-6、COX-2和iNOS基因或蛋白表达;GEN呈浓度依赖性下调LPS活化的RAW264.7细胞活力,增加凋亡率,上调CHOP和caspase-3表达,并下调miR-21表达;慢病毒介导的miR-21 up抑制LPS活化的RAW264.7细胞CHOP和caspase-3表达,与GEN作用相反;慢病毒介导的miR-21 down促进LPS活化的RAW264.7细胞CHOP和caspase-3表达,与GEN具有协同作用。这些结果提示,金雀异黄素能够促进LPS活化的RAW264.7细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与下调miR-21表达,激活内质网应激反应性凋亡途径有关。

金雀异黄素  /  RAW264.7细胞  /  脂多糖  /  miR-21  /  凋亡

The research is aimed to investigate the effect of genistein (GEN) on the apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells and explore the pharmacological mechanism of GEN anti-atherosclerosis (AS). RAW264.7 cells were activated by LPS, the level of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR, the expression of COX-2 and iNOS were detected by Western blot. RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with GEN for 2 h, and then incubated with LPS for 24 h. After that, CCK8 kit was used for the cell viability, Annexin V-FITC/PI kit for the apoptosis of cell. qRT-PCR was used to detect the level of CHOP, caspase-3 and miR-21. Western blot was used to detect the expression of CHOP and caspase-3. Results showed that LPS (1 000 ng·mL-1) increased the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2 and iNOS in RAW264.7 cells compared with that in control group. GEN inhibited the cell activity and the level of miR-21, promoted the expression of CHOP and caspase-3 in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. miR-21 up inhibited the expression of CHOP and caspase-3 in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells and this process was reversed by GEN treatment. miR-21 down promoted the expression of CHOP and caspase-3, which were further enhanced by GEN. These results indicate that GEN promotes the apoptosis of RAW264.7 cells activated by LPS through down regulating miR-21 and activating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway.

genistein  /  RAW264.7 cell  /  lipopolysaccharide  /  miR-21  /  apoptosis
向丽萍, 丛丽, 张勇, 刘素娟, 谢小林, 柏萍娟, 向雪萍, 符晓华. 金雀异黄素调控miR-21表达促进LPS活化的RAW264.7细胞凋亡. 药学学报, 2019 , 54 (2) : 281 -287 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2018-0744
Li-ping XIANG, Li CONG, Yong ZHANG, Su-juan LIU, Xiao-lin XIE, Ping-juan BO, Xue-ping XIANG, Xiao-hua FU. Genistein regulates miR-21 to promote the apoptosis in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2019 , 54 (2) : 281 -287 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2018-0744
动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis, AS)是一种以动脉壁脂质和炎症细胞蓄积为特征的、复杂的血管炎症性疾病[1, 2]。巨噬细胞在AS发生发展中扮演重要角色, 参与慢性炎症过程, 促进活化巨噬细胞凋亡, 从而有效抑制AS的早期发展[3]。由此可见, 药物干预活化巨噬细胞凋亡对防护AS具有积极的临床意义。金雀异黄素(genistein, GEN)又称为染料木素或染料木黄酮, 是异黄酮类化合物中活性最强的一种, 大豆是其最丰富的来源。WHO-CARDIAC等临床研究显示, GEN可以抑制AS进程, 对心脑血管调节功能有益, 具有开发成心血管保护药物的性质[4], 但其作用机制尚未完全明确。鉴于此, 本课题组前期一直围绕GEN及其衍生物抗AS的药理学作用机制进行有关研究, 通过体内(新西兰兔、Apoe-/-小鼠)、体外实验证实GEN可以明显抑制AS[5-7]。本研究以小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7细胞为研究对象, 以脂多糖(lipopolysaccharides, LPS)为刺激因素, 探究GEN对活化巨噬细胞内质网应激凋亡相关靶点的影响及作用机制, 为GEN的临床应用提供实验依据。
试剂和抗体  GEN, 纯度≥98%, Sigma公司; LPS, 纯度≥99%, Solarbio公司; 胎牛血清、DMEM培养基、青霉素/链霉素、磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate buffered saline, PBS), BI公司; CCK8试剂盒、Annexin V-FITC/PI细胞凋亡检测试剂盒、Trizol、HiScript Ⅱ Q RT SuperMix for qPCR (+gDNA wiper)、miRNA 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (by stem-loop)、AceQ qPCR SYBR Green Master Mix、GAPDH抗体, Vazyme公司; RIPA细胞裂解液、BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒, Beyotime公司; 环氧合酶-2 (cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2)抗体和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthases, iNOS)抗体, Affinity公司; CHOP抗体, Cell Signaling Technology公司; caspase-3抗体, ImmunoWay公司; β-actin抗体, CMCTAG公司; 鼠IgG和兔IgG, ComWin Biotech公司; 慢病毒颗粒, Genechem公司。
细胞  RAW264.7细胞购于中国科学院细胞库, 常规培养于含10%胎牛血清和100 U·mL-1青霉素/链霉素的DMEM完全培养基, 置于37 ℃、5% CO2细胞培养箱中培养, 所有实验均在细胞处于对数生长期时进行。将RAW264.7细胞接种于12孔板中(每毫升5×104个), 培养24 h, 分别按照慢病毒感染说明书加入miR-21 up-NC (阴性对照)、miR-21 up、miR-21 down-NC (阴性对照)、miR-21 down的慢病毒颗粒。
qRT-PCR  使用Trizol法提取总RNA, 分光光度计检测RNA纯度和浓度。根据mRNA和miRNA逆转录试剂说明书进行逆转录, 采用SYBR Green荧光染料法进行相对定量检测。基因表达水平以2-△△CT法进行分析。引物序列见表 1
Western blot  使用蛋白裂解液裂解细胞并离心(12 000 ×g, 4 ℃)提取蛋白, 应用BCA蛋白定量试剂盒测定蛋白浓度后将其变性。制备12% SDS-PAGE凝胶, 取40 µg样品, 电泳后转膜, 将蛋白转移至PVDF膜(polyvinylidene difluoride membranes, PVDF)上, 用5%脱脂牛奶-TBST (TBS包含0.05% Tween-20)室温封闭1 h, TBST洗涤3次。然后加入一抗4 ℃孵育过夜, 一抗稀释倍数按照说明书进行[iNOS (1︰2 000)、COX-2 (1︰2 000)、CHOP (1︰1 000)、caspase-3 (1︰ 1 000)、GAPDH (1︰10 000)和β-actin (1︰10 000)], GAPDH和β-actin为内参, TBST洗涤3次。之后加入二抗, 室温孵育1 h, TBST洗涤3次, 使用ECL发光剂和化学发光成像系统显影。
CCK8检测细胞活力  使用DMEM完全培养基轻柔吹打RAW264.7细胞, 制备每毫升5×104个单细胞悬液, 将其接种于96孔板, 每孔100 µL。置于37 ℃、5% CO2细胞培养箱中培养24 h后, 加不同浓度GEN (10、20、40 μmol·L-1)预处理2 h, 再与1 000 ng·mL-1 LPS共孵育24 h。然后小心吸弃上清, PBS洗涤2次, 加入90 μL新鲜完全培养基和10 µL CCK8溶液, 轻轻摇晃培养板使试剂充分混匀, 继续放入培养箱内孵育2 h。使用多功能酶标仪(BioTek Instruments)检测各孔在450 nm处的吸光度, 并设置空白孔、对照孔, 每组3个复孔。细胞活力%= (处理孔-空白孔)/ (对照孔-空白孔)×100%。
AnnexinV-FITC/PI双染法检测细胞凋亡  制备每毫升5×104个RAW264.7单细胞悬液, 将其接种于12孔板, 每孔1 mL。在37 ℃、5% CO2细胞培养箱中培养24 h后, 加不同浓度GEN (10、20、40 μmol·L-1)预处理2 h, 再与1 000 ng·mL-1 LPS共孵育24 h。使用无EDTA的胰蛋白酶消化细胞, 并收集于离心管中离心(800 r·min-1, 7 min), PBS洗涤2次; 用200 μL结合缓冲液重悬细胞至浓度为每毫升4×105个, 取195 μL细胞(约8×104个细胞)悬液加入5 μL AnnexinV-FITC, 轻轻混匀后室温避光孵育10 min; 用200 μL结合缓冲液洗涤细胞(800 r·min-1, 7 min); 再用190 μL结合缓冲液重悬细胞, 加入5 μL碘化丙啶溶液, 轻轻混匀后上流式细胞仪检测各组细胞凋亡率。
统计学分析  数据均采用均数±标准差表示, 采用SPSS20.0统计软件和GraphPad Prism 5进行t检验或单因素方差分析。P < 0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。
(1 000 ng·mL-1, 24 h)组细胞肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6 (interleukin 6, IL-6) mRNA表达及COX-2、iNOS蛋白表达均高于对照组(P < 0.05), 见图 1。由此, 本研究选取1 000 ng·mL-1 LPS孵育24 h作为活化RAW264.7细胞的最佳浓度和时间。
分别使用10、20、40 µmol·L-1 GEN预处理细胞2 h, 再与LPS共孵育24 h。与对照组相比, LPS明显增加细胞活力(P < 0.05); GEN则呈浓度依赖性下调LPS活化的RAW264.7细胞活力, 并促进凋亡, 其中LPS组凋亡率为5.3%, GEN组(10、20、40 µmol·L-1)凋亡率依次为5.8%、14%、36.1% (图 2AB)。此外, LPS下调CHOP、caspase-3 mRNA和蛋白表达, 而GEN则上调其表达(P < 0.05, 图 2C~E)。由此, 本研究选择10 µmol·L-1 GEN进行后续实验。
与对照组相比, LPS上调RAW264.7细胞miR-21表达; 与LPS组相比, GEN下调LPS活化的RAW264.7细胞miR-21表达(P < 0.05, 图 3)。
将miR-21 up-NC和miR-21 up慢病毒颗粒分别感染至RAW264.7细胞, 培养72 h后, 荧光显微镜观察GFP表达的细胞比例达85%以上; 与miR-21 up-NC组相比, miR-21 up组miR-21表达上调约2.5倍, 可用于后续实验(图 4AB)。与miR-21 up-NC组相比, miR-21 up抑制LPS活化的RAW264.7细胞CHOP、caspase-3 mRNA (P < 0.05)和蛋白表达(图 4C~E)。
将miR-21 down-NC和miR-21 down慢病毒颗粒分别感染至RAW264.7细胞, 培养72 h后, 荧光显微镜观察GFP表达的细胞比例达85%以上; 与miR-21 down-NC组相比, miR-21 down组miR-21表达明显下调约70% (P < 0.05), 可用于后续实验(图 5AB)。与miR-21 down-NC组相比, miR-21 down促进LPS活化的RAW264.7细胞CHOP、caspase-3 mRNA (P < 0.05)和蛋白表达(图 5C~E)。
与miR-21 up-NC+LPS+GEN组相比, miR-21 up+LPS+GEN组RAW264.7细胞CHOP、caspase-3 mRNA (P < 0.05)和蛋白表达均下调(图 6)。
与miR-21 down-NC+LPS+GEN组相比, miR-21 down+LPS+GEN组RAW264.7细胞CHOP、caspase-3 mRNA (P < 0.05)和蛋白表达均上调(图 7)。
血管慢性炎症是促进AS发展的因素之一, 巨噬细胞作为主要的免疫细胞, 全程参与此过程[8]。LPS是革兰阴性细菌细胞壁的主要成分之一, 能够活化巨噬细胞, 引发损伤性炎症反应, 激活先天性免疫[9]。本研究结果显示, LPS能够刺激小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7产生大量炎症细胞因子和诱导型酶, 如TNF-α、IL-6、COX-2和iNOS, 同时也能够促进巨噬细胞增殖, 抑制凋亡相关蛋白CHOP和caspase-3的表达, 与Cheng和De Santis等[10, 11]的研究结果一致。以上结果表明, LPS可能通过抑制巨噬细胞凋亡, 促进慢性炎症反应。另有文献[12-14]报道, 促进活化巨噬细胞凋亡不仅可以减少炎症细胞因子, 如IL-6、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1 (monocyte chemotactic protein-1, MCP-1)等的释放, 避免炎症反应级联放大效应, 还可以减少巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞的形成, 抑制AS早期斑块发生, 有效改善AS。
金雀异黄素富含于豆制食品中, 既能通过激活雌激素受体发挥抗氧化作用, 又能抑制酪氨酸激酶家族发挥抗细胞增殖作用, 有效抵抗低密度脂蛋白氧化和血管炎症, 发挥抗AS的作用[15]。CHOP是抗凋亡向促凋亡转换的重要信号分子, 正常情况下主要存在于细胞浆中且表达量很低, 但在应激状态下其表达明显增加, 进而导致细胞周期停滞, 细胞最终死亡[16]。Caspase是细胞凋亡的核心成分, 位于执行性凋亡蛋白的最下游, 在细胞凋亡过程中必不可少[17]。本研究结果显示, GEN能够抑制LPS活化的巨噬细胞活力, 上调CHOP和caspase-3表达, 诱导活化巨噬细胞凋亡, 同时下调miR-21表达。这些结果提示, GEN可能下调miR-21表达后, 通过内质网应激途径促进LPS活化的巨噬细胞凋亡, 发挥抗炎作用。
miR-21高表达于心血管疾病, 在心血管系统中的作用非常复杂, 其通过作用于同源性磷酸酶-张力蛋白(phosphatase and tensin homolog, PTEN)基因, 抑制心肌干细胞凋亡[18], 也可以通过丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶3抑制巨噬细胞凋亡[1]。病理状态下, miR-21作为巨噬细胞中表达量最丰富的miRNAs之一, 参与细胞增殖、迁移、凋亡及炎症[19, 20]。本研究结果显示, LPS能够上调RAW264.7细胞miR-21表达, 与既往研究一致[21]。Canfránduque等[1]研究显示, 敲除miR-21能够有效促进巨噬细胞凋亡。本课题组使用慢病毒介导的miR-21构建稳定表达miR-21 up和miR-21 down的RAW264.7细胞株发现, 当miR-21表达上调时, 明显抑制LPS活化的巨噬细胞促凋亡蛋白的表达, 而miR-21 down结果与其相反, 这表明miR-21能够通过内质网应激途径抑制活化巨噬细胞的凋亡。此外, 还发现GEN与miR-21 down具有协同作用, 能够促进LPS活化的巨噬细胞凋亡。
综上推断, GEN可能下调miR-21表达, 通过激活内质网应激反应性途径, 促进LPS活化的巨噬细胞凋亡, 进而发挥抗AS的作用。但线粒体凋亡途径和死亡配体介导的外源性凋亡途径是否参与其中, 尚未得知。此外, Canfránduque和Feng等[1, 21]研究显示, miR-21可以调节巨噬细胞内脂质蓄积及细胞膜上CD36的表达, 但并无文献报道GEN对miR-21这些作用的干预研究。在后续实验中, 课题组将继续研究GEN通过调控miR-21对巨噬细胞凋亡、泡沫化及炎症反应的影响, 以进一步阐明GEN抗AS的作用机制, 为临床药物研究提供实验依据。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(81370382)
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2018-0744
  • 接收时间:2018-08-15
  • 首发时间:2026-01-26
  • 出版时间:2019-02-12
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  • 收稿日期:2018-08-15
  • 修回日期:2018-09-21
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(81370382)
作者信息
    湖南师范大学医学院, 湖南 长沙 410013

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*符晓华, Tel:86-731-88912446, Fax:86-731-88912478, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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