Article(id=1218551220030063231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1218551215722516887, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2018-0247, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1521561600000, receivedDateStr=2018-03-21, revisedDate=1523116800000, revisedDateStr=2018-04-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768454850441, onlineDateStr=2026-01-15, pubDate=1528732800000, pubDateStr=2018-06-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768454850441, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768454850441, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768454850441, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1218551215722516887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2018', volume='53', issue='6', pageStart='833', pageEnd='1015', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768454849415, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768457041227, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218560408919658653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1218551215722516887, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218560408919658654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1218551215722516887, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=938, endPage=943, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1218551220592100025, articleId=1218551220030063231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Antitumor activity of a novel PARP1/2 inhibitor YHP-743, columnId=1218551219547718227, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Medicinal Chemistry Pharmacology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1 and PARP2 function as ADP-ribosylases involved in DNA repair. PARP1/2 is highly expressed in cancers and emerged as an attractive target for antitumor drug. In this study, we investigated the antitumor activity of a novel PARP1/2 inhibitor YHP-743 in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that YHP-743 had potent enzymatic inhibitory activity against PARP1 and PARP2 to down-regulate the PAR level. YHP-743 not only inhibited breast cancer cells with genes deficiency of homologous recombination repair, but also potentiated chemotherapy agent's cytotoxicity, such as temozolomide, topotecan, cisplatin and doxorubicin. YHP-743 elicited good antitumor activity in combination with temo-zolomide in vivo.

, correspAuthors=Xiao-guang CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2018 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ming JI, Hai-ping YAO, Jie ZHOU, Jing JIN, Li-yuan WANG, Fang-fang LAI, Ni-na XUE, Bai-ling XU, Xiao-guang CHEN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1218551223809130539, articleId=1218551220030063231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=新型PARP1/2抑制剂YHP-743的抗肿瘤作用, columnId=1218551220323664537, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文 药理学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

多聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶[poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase,PARP]-1和PARP2是参与DNA损伤修复的重要蛋白修饰酶,在多种肿瘤中处于高表达,目前已经成为肿瘤治疗的一个新靶点。本文从体外酶学、细胞及其体内动物水平评价了新型PARP1/2抑制剂YHP-743的抗肿瘤活性。结果表明,YHP-743可显著抑制PARP1和PARP2酶学活性,降低细胞内反映PARP1/2酶活性的PAR水平。在细胞水平,YHP-743可有效抑制存在同源重组基因缺陷的乳腺癌细胞的增殖,也可以与替莫唑胺、拓扑替康、顺铂、多柔比星等化疗药物联用增强其杀伤肿瘤细胞的作用。在人三阴乳腺癌细胞MX-1裸鼠异体移植瘤模型中,YHP-743与替莫唑胺联用可显著抑制肿瘤的生长。

, correspAuthors=陈晓光, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 陈晓光, Tel: 86-10-63165207, E-mail:
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Breast cancer:olaparib improves PFS[J]. 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Chemical structure of YHP-743

, figureFileSmall=qUcASFfOg50rxDMgW7Sd3A==, figureFileBig=yVSE1xAL+8e7xMWF7TAQQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970770022257260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551220030063231, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=tc92DyLQ0NRWXlM2VjR+Qg==, figureFileBig=h+w4fgl7KjKVQecphkuoJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970770164863609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551220030063231, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption=

The inhibhitory activity of YHP-743 in MX-1 breast cancer cell. The protein levels of PAR and γH2AX were detected via immunoblotting in MX-1 cells exposure to various concentrations of YHP-743 for 24 h

, figureFileSmall=tc92DyLQ0NRWXlM2VjR+Qg==, figureFileBig=h+w4fgl7KjKVQecphkuoJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970770269721226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551220030063231, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=hFgsZsaJyGHny0+uq6vEoQ==, figureFileBig=0ucIIjlcYiG34/+IDfQsNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970770366190233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551220030063231, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption=

The potentiation effect of YHP-743 on temozolomide (TMZ) in various breast cancer cells. MX-1 (A), MDA-MB-453 (B), MCF-7 (C) and MDA-MB-231 (D) cells were treated with indicated concentrations of TMZ combined with fixed concentrations of YHP-743 for 72 h, respectively. The cell survival was calculated and shown as cell survival curve

, figureFileSmall=hFgsZsaJyGHny0+uq6vEoQ==, figureFileBig=0ucIIjlcYiG34/+IDfQsNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970770483630753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551220030063231, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=NAYgIOkfuT9PoEEF8EeKWA==, figureFileBig=+US/jpY3VDdMiE2AO2ZJJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970770580099755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551220030063231, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption=

The potentiation effect of YHP-743 on different chemotherapy agents in MX-1 breast cancer cell. MX-1 cells were treated with indicated concentrations of topotecan (TPT, A), cisplatin (CisPt, B), taxol (C) or doxorubicin (Dox, D) combined with fixed concentration of YHP-743 or veliparib for 72 h respectively. The cell survival was calculated and shown as cell survival curve

, figureFileSmall=NAYgIOkfuT9PoEEF8EeKWA==, figureFileBig=+US/jpY3VDdMiE2AO2ZJJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970770672374458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551220030063231, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=UkP3u4u1xN3L6ybiZM2isg==, figureFileBig=J4aYx1rFy4BMt9jWtR/2aA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970770777232071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551220030063231, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption=

Antitumor activity of YHP-743 in breast cancer MX-1 xenograft mice model. MX-1 bearing mice were orally administrated with YHP-743 or veliparib of 25 mg·kg-1 for 13 days or TMZ of 50 mg·kg-1 for 5 days. For combination group, mice were orally administrated with YHP-743 (12.5 or 25 mg·kg-1) or veliparib (25 mg·kg-1) in combination with TMZ (50 mg·kg-1) for 5 days. A:Tumor growth curve; B: Tumor issue; C: Tumor weight; D: Body weight curve. n = 7, $\overline{x}±s$. ***P < 0.001 vs vehicle group

, figureFileSmall=UkP3u4u1xN3L6ybiZM2isg==, figureFileBig=J4aYx1rFy4BMt9jWtR/2aA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970771007918810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551220030063231, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Cell lineHR gene mutation/ deletionIC50/μmol·L-1
YHP-743Veliparib
MX-1BRCA1/25.64 ± 1.5850.37 ± 7.21
MDA-MB-468PTEN39.48 ± 3.23> 100
MDA-MB-453PTEN17.31 ± 2.2056.55 ± 6.87
MDA-MB-231-> 100> 100
MCF-7-> 100> 100
), ArticleFig(id=1218970771142136554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551220030063231, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Cytotoxicity of YHP-743 on breast cancer cells. Cells were treated with various concentrations of YHP-743 or veliparib for 72 h and the cytotoxicity was detected via MTT method. BRCA 1/2: Breast cancer susceptibility gene 1/2; PTEN: Phosphatase and tensin homolog

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Cell lineHR gene mutation/ deletionIC50/μmol·L-1
YHP-743Veliparib
MX-1BRCA1/25.64 ± 1.5850.37 ± 7.21
MDA-MB-468PTEN39.48 ± 3.23> 100
MDA-MB-453PTEN17.31 ± 2.2056.55 ± 6.87
MDA-MB-231-> 100> 100
MCF-7-> 100> 100
), ArticleFig(id=1218970771284742908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551220030063231, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
IC50/nmol·L-1YHP-743Veliparib
PARP12.3 ± 0.35.2 ± 0.4
PARP21.5 ± 0.32.9 ± 0.4
), ArticleFig(id=1218970772631114506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551220030063231, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

The enzymatic inhibitory activities of YHP-743 on PARP1 and PARP2

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
IC50/nmol·L-1YHP-743Veliparib
PARP12.3 ± 0.35.2 ± 0.4
PARP21.5 ± 0.32.9 ± 0.4
), ArticleFig(id=1218970772744360726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551220030063231, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupDose/mg·kg-1×time/dayNumber (end/start)Tumor weight/gT/Cveh% (TGI%)T/CTMZ% (TGI%)
Vehicle-7/74.03 ± 0.78--
TMZ50×56/71.33 ± 0.94***33 (67)-
Veliparib25×137/73.10 ± 1.0477 (23)-
Veliparib+TMZ25×5, 50×56/70.15 ± 0.11***4 (96)11 (89)
YHP-74325×137/73.07 ± 1.0176 (24)-
YHP-743+TMZ12.5×5, 50×57/70.49 ± 0.25***12 (88)37 (63)
25×5, 50×57/70.35 ± 0.31***9 (91)26 (74)
), ArticleFig(id=1218970772903744291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551220030063231, language=CN, label=Table 3, caption=

Antitumor activity of YHP-743 in breast cancer MX-1 xenograft mice model. n = 7, $\overline{x}±s$. ***P < 0.001 vs vehicle group. TGI: Tumor growth inhibition; T/Cveh: Mean tumor volume of treated group/mean tumor volume of vehicle group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupDose/mg·kg-1×time/dayNumber (end/start)Tumor weight/gT/Cveh% (TGI%)T/CTMZ% (TGI%)
Vehicle-7/74.03 ± 0.78--
TMZ50×56/71.33 ± 0.94***33 (67)-
Veliparib25×137/73.10 ± 1.0477 (23)-
Veliparib+TMZ25×5, 50×56/70.15 ± 0.11***4 (96)11 (89)
YHP-74325×137/73.07 ± 1.0176 (24)-
YHP-743+TMZ12.5×5, 50×57/70.49 ± 0.25***12 (88)37 (63)
25×5, 50×57/70.35 ± 0.31***9 (91)26 (74)
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新型PARP1/2抑制剂YHP-743的抗肿瘤作用
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季鸣 , 姚海平 , 周洁 , 金晶 , 王丽嫄 , 来芳芳 , 薛妮娜 , 徐柏玲 , 陈晓光 *
药学学报 | 研究论文 药理学 2018,53(6): 938-943
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药学学报 | 研究论文 药理学 2018, 53(6): 938-943
新型PARP1/2抑制剂YHP-743的抗肿瘤作用
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季鸣, 姚海平, 周洁, 金晶, 王丽嫄, 来芳芳, 薛妮娜, 徐柏玲, 陈晓光*
作者信息
  • 中国医学科学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室/创新药物非临床药物代谢及PK/PD研究北京市重点实验室, 北京 100050

通讯作者:

* 陈晓光, Tel: 86-10-63165207, E-mail:
Antitumor activity of a novel PARP1/2 inhibitor YHP-743
Ming JI, Hai-ping YAO, Jie ZHOU, Jing JIN, Li-yuan WANG, Fang-fang LAI, Ni-na XUE, Bai-ling XU, Xiao-guang CHEN*
Affiliations
  • State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines/Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
出版时间: 2018-06-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2018-0247
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多聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶[poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase,PARP]-1和PARP2是参与DNA损伤修复的重要蛋白修饰酶,在多种肿瘤中处于高表达,目前已经成为肿瘤治疗的一个新靶点。本文从体外酶学、细胞及其体内动物水平评价了新型PARP1/2抑制剂YHP-743的抗肿瘤活性。结果表明,YHP-743可显著抑制PARP1和PARP2酶学活性,降低细胞内反映PARP1/2酶活性的PAR水平。在细胞水平,YHP-743可有效抑制存在同源重组基因缺陷的乳腺癌细胞的增殖,也可以与替莫唑胺、拓扑替康、顺铂、多柔比星等化疗药物联用增强其杀伤肿瘤细胞的作用。在人三阴乳腺癌细胞MX-1裸鼠异体移植瘤模型中,YHP-743与替莫唑胺联用可显著抑制肿瘤的生长。

多聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶1  /  多聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶2  /  DNA损伤修复  /  抗肿瘤作用  /  抑制剂

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1 and PARP2 function as ADP-ribosylases involved in DNA repair. PARP1/2 is highly expressed in cancers and emerged as an attractive target for antitumor drug. In this study, we investigated the antitumor activity of a novel PARP1/2 inhibitor YHP-743 in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that YHP-743 had potent enzymatic inhibitory activity against PARP1 and PARP2 to down-regulate the PAR level. YHP-743 not only inhibited breast cancer cells with genes deficiency of homologous recombination repair, but also potentiated chemotherapy agent's cytotoxicity, such as temozolomide, topotecan, cisplatin and doxorubicin. YHP-743 elicited good antitumor activity in combination with temo-zolomide in vivo.

poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1  /  poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-2  /  DNA repair  /  antitumor activity  /  inhibitor
季鸣, 姚海平, 周洁, 金晶, 王丽嫄, 来芳芳, 薛妮娜, 徐柏玲, 陈晓光. 新型PARP1/2抑制剂YHP-743的抗肿瘤作用. 药学学报, 2018 , 53 (6) : 938 -943 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2018-0247
Ming JI, Hai-ping YAO, Jie ZHOU, Jing JIN, Li-yuan WANG, Fang-fang LAI, Ni-na XUE, Bai-ling XU, Xiao-guang CHEN. Antitumor activity of a novel PARP1/2 inhibitor YHP-743[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2018 , 53 (6) : 938 -943 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2018-0247
多聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶(PARP)是一种蛋白修饰酶家族, 其催化NAD+分子中的ADP-核糖转移到蛋白分子氨基酸残基上, 从而对蛋白进行修饰, 调节蛋白的功能[1]。PARP已发现有17个成员, 目前研究较为深入的是PARP1/2, 它们催化蛋白的多聚ADP-核糖化修饰, 主要参与调节DNA损伤修复、细胞死亡和转录, 进而在肿瘤疾病和多种非肿瘤急慢性疾病病程中发挥重要作用。PARP1/2通过DNA损伤修复机制在维持基因的稳定性中起着关键的作用[2]。在肿瘤细胞中, PARP1/2一般处于高表达状态, 导致肿瘤对于治疗产生耐受或耐药。因此, 抑制PARP能够减少肿瘤产生耐受, PARP1/2已成为肿瘤治疗的一个新靶点。一方面, PARP1/2抑制剂可以通过合成致死的原理, 单独用药治疗存在同源重组(homologous recombination, HR)修复基因缺陷(如BRCA1/2突变、PTEN缺陷)的肿瘤细胞; 另一方面PARP1/2抑制剂又可以与化疗药物、分子靶向药物联合使用, 增强这些药物的杀伤肿瘤作用, 克服其耐药[1, 3, 4]。目前国际上各大制药公司均在竞相开发该靶点药物, 从2014年以来, 已有3个PARP1/2抑制剂olaparib、rucaparib和niraparib获批上市用于卵巢癌的治疗[5-7], 而在国内尚无PARP1/2抑制剂上市, 因此研发新型的PARP1/2抑制剂对于提高我国药物的可及性具有重要的意义。
本研究利用已经建立的PARP抑制剂筛选方法[8-10], 获得了高活性的PARP1/2抑制剂YHP-743, 并针对该化合物进行了体内外抗肿瘤作用评价。
细胞  MCF-7、MDA-MB-231、MDA-MB-468、MDA-MB-453购自中国医学科学院基础医学研究所细胞中心, MX-1由实验室保存。
试剂与药物  Veliparib、多柔比星(doxorubicin, Dox)、拓扑替康(topotecan, TPT)购自Selleck公司; 替莫唑胺(temozolomide, TMZ)购自百灵威公司; 顺铂(cisplatin, CisPt)购自齐鲁制药; 紫杉醇(taxol)由北京协和药厂提供; 抗PAR抗体购自美国Trevegen公司; 抗γH2AX抗体购自美国Cell Signaling Technology公司; 抗β-actin抗体购自美国圣克鲁斯生物技术; 组蛋白、DNA和MTT购自Sigma-Aldrich公司。
仪器与设备  Biotek全波长酶标仪(美国), GE ImageQuant LAS 4000 mini凝胶成像仪(美国)。
细胞培养  MX-1、MDA-MB-231和MCF-7细胞培养于含10% FBS和抗生素的DMEM培养基中, MDA-MB-468和MDA-MB-453细胞培养于含10% FBS和抗生素的RMPI 1640培养基中。
PARP1/2抑制剂酶学抑制活性检测  利用实验室建立的PARP1/2抑制剂筛选方法进行检测[8]。用50 μg·mL-1组蛋白于4 ℃包被96孔板过夜, 用含0.1% Triton X-100的PBS和PBS各洗板2次。设置空白对照孔、加酶对照孔、化合物YHP-743测定孔, 空白对照孔加入测定缓冲液(50 mmol·L-1 Tris、2 mmol·L-1 MgCl2, pH 8.0)配制的NAD+ (5 pmol) 30 μL, 纯化缓冲液(0.1 mol·L-1 NaCl、50 mmol·L-1 Tris、2 mmol·L-1 MgCl2, pH 8.0) 10 μL、DNA (1 μg·mL-1) 5 μL; 加酶对照孔加NAD+ (5 pmol) 30 μL、PARP1或PARP2 (0.005 U) 10 μL、DNA (1 μg·mL-1) 5 μL; 化合物对照孔加入NAD+ (5 pmol) 30 μL、veliparib或YHP-743稀释液5 μL、PARP1或PARP2 (0.005 U) 10 μL、DNA (1 μg·mL-1) 5 μL, 然后各孔补齐50 μL体积, 室温反应1 h。利用含0.1% Triton X-100的PBS和PBS各洗板2次。再加入用PBS 1:500稀释的抗PAR抗体50 μL, 室温孵育1 h, 含0.1% Triton X-100的PBS和PBS各洗板2次。加入PBS 1:4 000稀释的山羊抗鼠二抗50 μL, 室温孵育30 min, 用含0.1% Triton X-100的PBS和PBS各洗板2次。再加入TMB反应液50 μL, 室温避光反应15 min, 用1 mol·L-1硫酸50μL终止反应。450 nm测定吸收值。计算化合物YHP-743对PARP1或PARP2的抑制率。
MTT检测  将对数生长期的肿瘤细胞用胰酶消化后配制成浓度为每毫升2×104个细胞的细胞液, 每孔100 μL (2 000个细胞)接种于96孔板。次日每孔加入不同浓度YHP-743或veliparib及相应溶剂对照的新鲜培养基100 μL (DMSO终浓度 < 0.5%), 每组设3个平行孔, 于37 ℃继续培养72 h后, 弃上清, 每孔加50 μg·mL-1 MTT, 37 ℃孵育4 h后弃上清, 加入DMSO后, 振荡混匀后, 用酶标仪在570 nm波长下测定光吸收值(A)。
增敏作用检测  参照上述方法, 每孔加入不同浓度的化疗药物和固定浓度的YHP-743或veliparib及相应溶剂对照的新鲜培养基100 μL (DMSO终浓度 < 0.5%), 于37 ℃继续培养72 h后, 按照“MTT检测”方法测定吸收值(A)。
蛋白免疫印迹  收集YHP-743处理的细胞, 蛋白定量后, 电泳转膜, 用含5%脱脂奶粉的TBS-T缓冲液室温封闭非特异性结合位点1 h后, 用TBS-T缓冲液洗膜3次, 每次10 min, 加入1:1 000稀释比例的一抗, 4 ℃孵育过夜。次日, TBS-T缓冲液洗膜3次后, 加1:3 000稀释的HRP标记的二抗, 室温孵育1 h后加入TBS-T缓冲液洗膜3次, 加入ECL化学发光底物反应液后进行凝胶成像检测。
体内动物实验  无菌条件下收集人乳腺癌MX-1细胞, 用灭菌生理盐水调整至每毫升1×107个细胞, 取0.2 mL接种于雌性BALB/c裸鼠腋背部皮下, 待肿瘤生长至直径1 cm大小, 无菌条件下取出, 匀浆后均匀接种于裸鼠腋背部皮下(2×106个细胞)。7日后待肿瘤生长至100~300 mm3后, 将动物随机分组, 开始给药(记为第0天)。口服给药, 替莫唑胺连续口服给药5天; 单药YHP-743组连续给药13天; 联合给药组替莫唑胺和待测化合物均连续口服给药5天(两种药物给药间隔时间为1 h)。所有化合物均混悬于0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠溶液中。每周3次称量体重并用游标卡尺测量肿瘤的长度和宽度, 给药第13天后将裸鼠脱臼处死, 剥离肿瘤组织, 称重并拍照。最后计算肿瘤抑制率, 以肿瘤抑制率评价YHP-743抗肿瘤作用强度。
数据处理  体外实验重复3次, 数据以平均值±标准差($\overline{x}±s$)表示, 使用Graphpad Prism进行数据统计和计算。
$\begin{array}{l}酶学抑制率\% = \left[ {{A_{{\rm{enzyme}}}} - {A_{{\rm{test}}}}} \right]/\left[ {{A_{{\rm{enzyme}}}} - {A_{{\rm{con}}}}} \right] \times 100\% \\细胞抑制率\% = \left[ {1 - {A_{{\rm{test}}}}/\left. {{A_{{\rm{con}}}}} \right)} \right] \times 100\% \end{array}$
其中, test为待测化合物, con为空白对照组, enzyme为加酶对照组。
肿瘤体积(TV): V = 1/2×a×b2, ab分别表示瘤体长和宽。
抑瘤率TGI (%) = (1-T/C)×100, T为YHP-743组肿瘤重量, C为阴性对照组或替莫唑胺组肿瘤重量。
YHP-743是一个具有新型结构的PARP1/2抑制剂, 结构如图 1所示。在多种乳腺癌细胞上通过MTT方法检测YHP-743杀伤肿瘤细胞的作用。由表 1可见, YHP-743对于存在同源重组修复缺陷的乳腺癌细胞具有较强的杀伤作用, 而对于不存在同源重组修复缺陷的乳腺癌细胞的杀伤作用较弱。体外酶学水平检测化合物YHP-743对PARP1和PARP2抑制活性表明, 其半数抑制浓度(IC50)值分别为2.3和1.5 nmol·L-1, 与阳性化合物veliparib相当(表 2)。
为了进一步评价YHP-743在细胞上对PARP1/2的抑制作用, 采用蛋白免疫印迹法检测反映细胞内PARP1/2酶活性的PAR水平和细胞DNA损伤的γH2AX水平。由图 2可见, YHP-743处理MX-1细胞24 h后, 细胞内PAR水平降低, 而γH2AX水平升高, 均具有剂量依赖性。提示YHP-743可抑制肿瘤细胞中的PARP1/2活性, 进而阻断细胞内DNA损伤修复, 最终引起肿瘤细胞死亡。
在确证YHP-743单药可杀伤肿瘤细胞的基础上, 考察了YHP-743对化疗药物的增敏作用。首先, 在不同类型的乳腺癌细胞上检测YHP-743与生物烷化剂TMZ联用杀伤肿瘤细胞的作用。从图 3可见, 无论乳腺癌细胞是否存在同源重组修复缺陷, YHP-743均可增强TMZ杀伤肿瘤的作用, 具有良好的增敏效应。
本文利用MX-1细胞进一步评价了YHP-743与其他化疗药物联用的增敏作用。由图 4结果可见, YHP- 743不仅对生物烷化剂TPT和CisPt具有增敏作用, 而且亦可增强其他化疗药物taxol和Dox杀伤肿瘤细胞的作用。表明YHP-743与化疗药物联用, 可增强这些药物的作用。
在体外细胞水平, YHP-743单独给药不仅可以杀伤同源重组修复缺陷的肿瘤细胞, 而且对于不同的化疗药物具有增敏作用。在人乳腺癌MX-1裸鼠异体移植瘤模型上, 考察了YHP-743单药以及联合用药对体内肿瘤生长的抑制作用。由图 5可见, 联合给药组YHP-743和TMZ连续口服给药5天后停药, 结果显示YHP-743和TMZ联合给药组可显著抑制肿瘤的生长。YHP-743在12.5和25 mg·kg-1剂量下与TMZ合用, 相对于溶剂组的抑瘤率分别为88%和91%, 而相对于TMZ组的抑瘤率分别为63%和74% (表 3)。但YHP-743和veliparib单药组未见明显的抑制肿瘤生长的作用。在实验过程中, YHP-743单独用药组与溶剂组相比未出现明显体重变化, 而YHP-743联合用药组与TMZ组相比, 体重没有出现明显降低。
乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤, 其发病率逐年提高, 特别是晚期乳腺癌, 仍是不可治愈的疾病, BRCA突变是其发生、发展的重要因素。目前的治疗只能减轻症状, 改善生活质量和延长生存[11, 12]。在临床上, 经典的治疗模式是维持治疗, 维持治疗的药物都是化疗药物。由于化疗药物毒性较大、维持治疗的给药周期较长, 患者的耐受性较差、不良反应较多, 且容易产生耐药。因此, 理想的维持治疗方案选择的药物应具有低毒、有效、使用方便等特点。这就要求能够开发出低毒、易于耐受的靶向药物。近年研究发现, 三阴乳腺癌和BRCA突变乳腺癌对PARP1/2抑制剂更为敏感[13-16], 这提示PARP1/2抑制剂有可能成为治疗乳腺癌的新型靶向药物。
本研究在酶学、细胞水平和动物水平对具有新型结构的PARP1/2抑制剂YHP-743进行了体内外活性评价。YHP-743可显著地抑制PARP1和PARP2的酶学活性, 在细胞上表现为可以抑制PAR水平, 增加γH2AX水平。在存在同源重组基因缺陷细胞(如MX-1存在BRCA1/2缺陷)上, YHP-743单独使用可通过合成致死原理有效抑制乳腺癌细胞的增殖, 也可以与化疗药物联用增强这些药物杀伤肿瘤细胞的作用。在体内, YHP-743与TMZ联用具有显著的抑制肿瘤生长作用, 但是YHP-743和阳性药veliparib单药未见明显抑制肿瘤生长的作用。这可能与该肿瘤模型有关, 在该模型的其他实验中, PARP1/2抑制剂olaparib每天口服给药200 mg·kg-1, 连续13天, 也未见明显的抑制肿瘤生长的作用, 该结果与文献报道类似[13]。因此, 需要其他的肿瘤模型如MDA-MB- 436来评价YHP-743单独用药的抑瘤作用[3]。此外, 在实验过程中, YHP-743与TMZ联合给药组与TMZ组相比, 体重没有出现明显下降, 提示YHP-743具有较好的安全性, 不会增加TMZ的毒性。
YHP-743是本研究发现的一个具有较好体内外活性的PARP1/2抑制剂, 与目前在研和上市的PARP1/2抑制剂类似[1], 该化合物也具有PARP1/2抑制剂的共同活性结构基团, 但YHP-743具有全新的化学结构。然而, 体内外研究结果显示YHP-743量效关系欠佳, 提示其透膜性和药代特性可能不理想, 因此, 仍需对YHP-743化合物进行结构修饰和改造, 提高其体内外活性并改善药代特性。
综上所述, 本研究证明YHP-743对PARP1/2活性具有较强的抑制作用, 不仅单药可以杀伤肿瘤细胞, 与化疗药物联合用药更可增强药物的疗效。本研究为进一步开发治疗乳腺癌的新型PARP1/2抑制剂提供了实验基础。
  • 中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程重大协同创新项目(2016-I2M-3-008)
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2018年第53卷第6期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2018-0247
  • 接收时间:2018-03-21
  • 首发时间:2026-01-15
  • 出版时间:2018-06-12
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  • 收稿日期:2018-03-21
  • 修回日期:2018-04-08
基金
中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程重大协同创新项目(2016-I2M-3-008)
作者信息
    中国医学科学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室/创新药物非临床药物代谢及PK/PD研究北京市重点实验室, 北京 100050

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* 陈晓光, Tel: 86-10-63165207, E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2018-0247
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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