Article(id=1218551194813911175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1218551191835956108, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2017-0943, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1505923200000, receivedDateStr=2017-09-21, revisedDate=1511193600000, revisedDateStr=2017-11-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768454844429, onlineDateStr=2026-01-15, pubDate=1520784000000, pubDateStr=2018-03-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768454844429, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768454844429, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768454844429, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1218551191835956108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2018', volume='53', issue='3', pageStart='321', pageEnd='486', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768454843720, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456960729, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218560071257215129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1218551191835956108, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218560071257215130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1218551191835956108, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=444, endPage=452, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1218551195396919501, articleId=1218551194813911175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Comparison of flower buds and leaves of Tussilago farfara L. by UHPLC-Q Extractive Hybrid Quadrupole Orbitrap MS, columnId=1218551195304644802, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=ORIGINAL ARTICLES·Pharmaceutical Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The flower bud of Tussilago farfara L. has been commonly used in the treatment of cough, bronchitis and asthmatic disorders in the Traditional Chinese Medicine. In Europe, the leaves were also used as herbal drugs with similar pharmacological activities. In order to utilize the leaves, it is important to conduct the chemical comparison between the flower buds and the leaves. In this study, ultra high liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with Q Exactive high resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) was used to compare the chemical composition of the flower buds and leaves of T. farfara L. forty three metabolites were identified by the combination of targeted and untargeted approach. The results suggest that the sesquiterpenes, such as tussilagone and 7β-(3'-ethyl-cis-crotonoyloxy)-1α-(2'-methylbutyryloxy)-3(14)-dehydro-Z-notonipetranone were higher in the flower buds. While the phenylpropanoids, such as cholorgenic acid and isochlorogenic acid were higher in the leaves. The flavonoids, such as hyperin and quercetin exhibited no difference between the flower buds and leaves, while the rutin and kaempferol were higher in the flower buds. The leaves and flower buds had similar chemical components, and the phenylpropanoids, which were closely related with the antitussive and expectorant activities, were found at higher concentrations in the leaves. The results presented here laid the basis for the rational utilization of the leaves of T. farfara L.

, correspAuthors=Zhen-yu LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2018 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jing LI, Juan LI, Jin-ping JIA, Jun-jie ZHANG, Yan YAN, Xiao-xia GAO, Xue-mei QIN, Zhen-yu LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1218551197032698234, articleId=1218551194813911175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于UHPLC-Q Extractive轨道阱高分辨质谱的款冬花、叶的化学比较, columnId=1218263720455750476, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文·药物分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

款冬花是中医临床常用药材,具有止咳化痰作用。款冬叶也具有相似的药理作用。对款冬叶和花进行系统的化学比较,有助于进一步促进款冬叶的资源利用。本研究采用高分辨液质联用技术对款冬花和叶进行了化学比较,采用靶标和非靶标结合的指认策略鉴定化学成分43种,进一步分析显示款冬酮、款冬花素酯等倍半萜类物质在花中的含量远远高于叶,而绿原酸、异绿原酸等苯丙素类物质在叶中的含量高于花蕾; 黄酮类物质金丝桃苷、槲皮素在款冬花和叶中含量接近,而芦丁、山柰酚在款冬花中含量较高。说明款冬花和叶含有相似的化学成分,但款冬叶中以绿原酸类为代表的苯丙素类成分含量较高,而这类成分与止咳化痰作用密切相关。本研究为款冬叶的资源利用奠定了基础。

, correspAuthors=李震宇, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 李震宇, Tel/Fax:86-351-7018379, E-mail:
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Fragmentation process of rutin

, figureFileSmall=62Rgi6237S38YYgYTSQMOA==, figureFileBig=wxvrH4XD/j/QPods59vbew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970754922762651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551194813911175, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=bNkQ2+HKK8Sygjpon4XqQw==, figureFileBig=EUSo7Jo1J6L9YlY5tsb4og==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970755044397483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551194813911175, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption=

Fragmentation process of isochlorogenic acids

, figureFileSmall=bNkQ2+HKK8Sygjpon4XqQw==, figureFileBig=EUSo7Jo1J6L9YlY5tsb4og==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970755153449403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551194813911175, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=uijr9K2nGMRru5oFh5EN/A==, figureFileBig=oEIvodVB4gv0k4ELjaT+4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970755249918404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551194813911175, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption=

Fragmentation process of 7β-(3'-ethyl-cis-crotonoyloxy)-1α-(2'-methylbutyryloxy)-3(14)-dehydro-Z-notonipetranone

, figureFileSmall=uijr9K2nGMRru5oFh5EN/A==, figureFileBig=oEIvodVB4gv0k4ELjaT+4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970755396719057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551194813911175, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=qm9ZBWewVj1v5cvi82xS6g==, figureFileBig=BYHYrOSjPeIk9Wd7373Kqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970755543519710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551194813911175, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption=

Fragmentation process of tussilagolactone

, figureFileSmall=qm9ZBWewVj1v5cvi82xS6g==, figureFileBig=BYHYrOSjPeIk9Wd7373Kqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970755765817835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551194813911175, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=AnfmXXA0h3c4WaLuCyXPHw==, figureFileBig=CCxsdOfX0r5VLs5BQl1R3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970755908424186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551194813911175, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption=

PCA score plots of the UPLC-MS spectra data of flower buds (H) and leaves (Y)

, figureFileSmall=AnfmXXA0h3c4WaLuCyXPHw==, figureFileBig=CCxsdOfX0r5VLs5BQl1R3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970756030059019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551194813911175, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=liP/jBng0CIloECjQ8VT3Q==, figureFileBig=PCdraC/jj/N1EU9kcDZ2dw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970756134916629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551194813911175, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption=

Quantification of compounds of flower buds (H) and leaves (Y) from T. farfara L. 1: 7β-(3'-Ethyl-cis-crotonoyloxy)-1α-(2'-methylbutyryloxy)-3(14)-dehydro-Z-notonipetranone; 2: 14-Acetoxy-7β-(3'-ethyl-cis-crotonoyloxy)-lα-(2'-methylbutyryloxy)-notonipetranone; 3: 7β-(3'-Ethyl-cis-crotonoyloyx)-5, 6-dehydro-3, 14-dehydro-Z-notonipetralactone; 4: 8-Angeloylxy-3, 4-epoxy-bisabola-7(14), 10-dien-2-one

, figureFileSmall=liP/jBng0CIloECjQ8VT3Q==, figureFileBig=PCdraC/jj/N1EU9kcDZ2dw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970756256551458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551194813911175, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Category No. Producing areas Harvest period Growing method
Flower buds (H) KD-29 Qin County, Shanxi Province 2013.11 Cultivation
KD-30 Qin County, Shanxi Province 2014.11 Cultivation
KD-33 Qin County, Shanxi Province 2015.11 Cultivation
Leaves (Y) KY-1 Qin County, Shanxi Province 2013.07 Cultivation
KY-2 Qin County, Shanxi Province 2014.07 Cultivation
KY-5 Qin County, Shanxi Province 2015.07 Cultivation
), ArticleFig(id=1218970756365603375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551194813911175, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Flower buds and leaves of T. farfara L. from different stages

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Category No. Producing areas Harvest period Growing method
Flower buds (H) KD-29 Qin County, Shanxi Province 2013.11 Cultivation
KD-30 Qin County, Shanxi Province 2014.11 Cultivation
KD-33 Qin County, Shanxi Province 2015.11 Cultivation
Leaves (Y) KY-1 Qin County, Shanxi Province 2013.07 Cultivation
KY-2 Qin County, Shanxi Province 2014.07 Cultivation
KY-5 Qin County, Shanxi Province 2015.07 Cultivation
), ArticleFig(id=1218970756466266687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551194813911175, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Compd. tR/min Molecular Formula Selectedion Experimental Theoretical Error (ppm) MS/MS fragmentaion Identification mzCloud Best Match Source
1c 0.645 C5H13NO [M+H]+ 104.107 3 104.106 9 0.3 60.081 3 Choline 87.5 H, Y
2c 0.668 C5H10N2O3 [M+H]+ 147.076 3 147.076 4 0.0 130.049 9 D-(-)-Glutamine 88.5 H, Y
3c 0.671 C5H9NO2 [M+H]+ 116.070 8 116.070 6 0.2 116.070 8,
70.065 7
D-(+)-Proline 87.3 H, Y
4c 0.673 C5H8O5 [M-H]- 147.029 1 147.028 7 0.4 129.018 5, 103.039 2,
101.023 5, 87.007 8,
85.028 5
D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid85.7 H, Y
5c 0.677 C5H11NO2 [M+H]+ 118.086 4 118.086 2 0.2 100.024 6,
72.081 3
Valine 80.0 H, Y
6c 0.688 C5H4N4O [M+H]+ 137.046 7 137.045 6 -0.8 95.085 8 Hypoxanthine 83.7 H, Y
7c 0.689 C4H6O5 [M-H]- 133.013 1 133.013 4 2.3 115.002 7,
71.012 8
Malic acid 83.7 H, Y
8c 0.691 C10H13N5O4 [M+H]+ 268.103 9 268.104 0 -0.5 136.061 8 Adenosine 94.9 H, Y
9a* 0.883 C7H6O5 [M-H]- 169.013 7 169.013 1 3.6 125.023 6 Gallic acid 100 H, Y
10c 1.022 C9H11NO2 [M+H]+ 166.086 2 166.086 2 0.2 142.967 0, 131.049 2,
120.081 0
L-Phenylalanine 89.1 H, Y
11c 1.280 C11H20N2O3 [M+H]+ 229.154 9 229.154 6 1.2 173.984 9, 142.086 2,
70.065 6
Leucylproline 89.4 H, Y
12c 1.365 C15H16O9 [M+H]+ 341.086 6 341.086 7 -0.2 - Esculin 88.7 Y
13b 1.407 C10H10O4 [M-H]- 193.050 1 193.949 5 3.4 178.026 8, 175.039 2,
149.060 3
Ferulic acid [11] 91.1 H, Y
14c 1.437 C11H9 NO2 [M+H]+ 188.070 6 188.070 6 0.4 170.060 0, 146.060 1
144.080 8, 118.065 3
Indole-3-acrylic acid 94.3 H, Y
15b 1.686 C15H15O9 [M-H]- 191.055 5 191.055 0 0.0 173.044 6, 127.039 2,
102.947 8
93.033 6, 85.028 5
D-(-)-Quinic acid [12] 90.9 H, Y
16a* 1.712 C16H18O9 [M+H]+
[M+Na]+
355.102 3
377.084 5
355.102 3
377.084 4
0.1 0.3 215.052 5
197.041 7, 185.021 2,
179.031 6
3-O-Caffeoylquinic acid71.4 H, Y
17c 1.766 C7H6O3 [M-H]- 137.023 7 137.023 3 2.8 92.919 0, 93.033 5 Salicylic acid 78.7 H, Y
18a* 2.122 C9H8O4 [M+H]+
[M-H]-
181.049 4
179.034 4
181.049 5
179.033 8
-0.3 3.4 135.044 4 Caffeic acid 100 H, Y
19c 2.419 C9H6O2 [M+H]+ 147.044 0 147.044 0 0.1 128.950 8, 119.049 2,
123.964 5
Coumarin 76 H, Y
20c 2.495 C7H6O4 [M-H]- 153.018 6 153.018 2 2.8 109.028 6, 103.919 2,
96.958 9
2, 4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid83.9 H, Y
21d 3.257 C17H20O9 [M+H]+
[M+Na]+
369.118 0
391.284 0
369.118 0
391.099 6
0.1 -0.9 Methyl 3-O-caffeoylquinate H, Y
22a* 3.341 C27H30O16 [M+H]+
[M+Na]+
611.161 0
633.143 0
611.160 6
633.142 6
0.6 0.7 465.102 7, 303.049 9
487.084 3, 331.099 7,
325.031 8
Rutin 93.8 H, Y
23a* 3.487 C21H20O12 [M+H]+
[M+Na]+
465.102 9
487.084 9
465.102 7
487.084 7
0.3 0.5 325.032 0 324.023 8,
303.049 8, 185.041 9
Hyperin 85.7 H, Y
24b 3.828 C19H27O6N [M+H]+
[M+Na]+
366.191 3
388.172 8
366.191 1
388.173 0
0.6 -0.5 168.101 8, 153.090 9,
150.091 3
135.080 4, 125.059 7,
122.060 1
Senkirkine [13] 72.7 H, Y
25c 3.889 C9H6O3 [M+H]+ 163.038 9 163.038 9 0.1 145.028 4, 135.044 1,
117.033 6, 107.049 3,
89.038 9
7-Hydroxycoumarine 73.4 H, Y
26a* 3.911 C25H24O12 [M+H]+
[M+Na]+
517.134 1
539.116 1
517.134 0
539.116 0
0.2 0.3 499.123 7, 181.049 5,
163.038 9
377.084 1, 359.073 9,
355.102 3
3, 4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid90.0 H, Y
27c 3.947 C8H6O2 [M+H]+ 135.044 0 135.044 0 0.1 117.033 6, 95.049 4,
89.038 9
Phthaldialdehyde 78.2 H, Y
28a* 4.011 C25H24O12 [M+H]+
[M+Na]+
517.134 0
539.116 1
517.134 0
539.116 0
0.1 0.3 499.123 8, 181.049 5,
163.038 9
377.084 1, 359.073 9,
355.102 3
3, 5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid90.0 H, Y
29d 4.061 C21H20O11 [M+H]+
[M+Na]+
449.107 5
471.089 7
449.107 8
471.089 7
-0.6 -0.1 287.054 7 Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside H, Y
30a* 4.582 C25H24O12 [M+H]+
[M+Na]+
517.134 0
539.116 1
517.134 0
539.116 0
0.0 0.3 499.123 5, 181.049 5,
163.038 9
377.084 5, 359.073 3,
355.102 3
4, 5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid90.0 H, Y
31c 4.872 C10H10O4 [M-H]- 193.050 2 193.049 5 3.6 178.027 2, 161.023 7,
139.039 0
Isoferulic acid 84.1 H, Y
32a* 7.240 C15H10O7 [M+H]+
[M-H]-
303.047 9
301.035 4
303.049 9
301.034 2
-0.7 4.0 285.039 9
257.044 7, 229.049 7,
165.018 5
Quercetin 100.0 H, Y
33a* 8.052 C15H10O6 [M+H]+ 287.054 9 287.055 0 -0.3 153.018 0, 121.028 3 Kaempferol 66.7 H, Y
34a* 8.285 C13H14O3 [M+H]+ 219.101 5 219.101 5 0.1 181.049 4, 177.091 0,
163.038 9, 145.101 5
2, 2-Dimethyl-6-acetylchromanone 80.0 H, Y
35c 8.854 C8H7N [M+H]+ 118.065 2 118.056 1 1.0 105.045 1, 95.049 5,
91.054 6
Indole 71.2 H, Y
36d 11.413 C20H28O4 [M+H]+ 333.205 8 333.206 0 -0.6 8-Angeloylxy-3, 4-epoxy-bisabola-7(14), 10-dien-2-one H, Y
37d 11.381 C21H28O4 [M+H]+ 345.206 1 345.206 0 0.4 217.158 7 7β-(3'-Ethylcis-crotonoyloyx)-5, 6-dehydro-3, 14-dehydro-Z-notonipetralactone H, Y
38b 12.327 C28H42O8 [M+H]+ 507.294 9 507.295 2 -0.5 431.279 2, 347.221 5,
317.211 0
Tussilagolactone 80.0 H, Y
39b 13.145 C28H42O7 [M+H]+
[M+Na]+
491.300 3
513.281 9
491.300 3
513.282 7
0.0 -0.6 453.261 2
351.192 6, 339.192 8,
255.134 9, 237.124 6,
215.143 2, 173.095 8,
137.057 3, 125.057 3
14-Acetoxy-7β-(3'-ethylcis-crotonoyloxy)-1α-(2'-methyl butyryloxy)-notonipetranone90.0 H, Y
40a* 14.45 C23H34O5 [M+H]+ 391.247 7 391.247 9 -0.4 331.227 0, 218.130 1,
217.159 0
Tussilagone 83.3 H, Y
41d 15.951 C20H28O3 [M+H]+ 317.211 1 317.211 1 0.0 7β-Senecioyloxyoplopa-3(14)Z, 8(10)-dien-2-one H, Y
42a* 15.983 C26H38O5 [M+H]+ 431.279 2
453.261 3
431.279 7
453.261 1
0.5 0.5 329.211 1 317.211 1,
237.125 2, 215.143 3,
173.096 3
7β-(3'-Ethyl-cis-crotonoyloxy)-1α-(2'-methylbutyryloxy)-3(14)-dehydro-Z-notonipetranone88.9 H, Y
43b 17.389 C21H30O3 [M+H]+ 331.226 6 331.226 7 -0.4 218.130 1, 217.159 0,
175.148 2
Tussilagonone 80.0 H, Y
), ArticleFig(id=1218970756596290119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551194813911175, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

Chemical constituents identified in the extracts of T. farfara. *Represents confirmed by the standards; a, b, c, d represent the Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ; H, Y represent the flower buds and leaves. The matching ratio of Ⅰ or Ⅱ = The number of matched fragments / the MS2 fragments with threshold greater than 3%

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Compd. tR/min Molecular Formula Selectedion Experimental Theoretical Error (ppm) MS/MS fragmentaion Identification mzCloud Best Match Source
1c 0.645 C5H13NO [M+H]+ 104.107 3 104.106 9 0.3 60.081 3 Choline 87.5 H, Y
2c 0.668 C5H10N2O3 [M+H]+ 147.076 3 147.076 4 0.0 130.049 9 D-(-)-Glutamine 88.5 H, Y
3c 0.671 C5H9NO2 [M+H]+ 116.070 8 116.070 6 0.2 116.070 8,
70.065 7
D-(+)-Proline 87.3 H, Y
4c 0.673 C5H8O5 [M-H]- 147.029 1 147.028 7 0.4 129.018 5, 103.039 2,
101.023 5, 87.007 8,
85.028 5
D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid85.7 H, Y
5c 0.677 C5H11NO2 [M+H]+ 118.086 4 118.086 2 0.2 100.024 6,
72.081 3
Valine 80.0 H, Y
6c 0.688 C5H4N4O [M+H]+ 137.046 7 137.045 6 -0.8 95.085 8 Hypoxanthine 83.7 H, Y
7c 0.689 C4H6O5 [M-H]- 133.013 1 133.013 4 2.3 115.002 7,
71.012 8
Malic acid 83.7 H, Y
8c 0.691 C10H13N5O4 [M+H]+ 268.103 9 268.104 0 -0.5 136.061 8 Adenosine 94.9 H, Y
9a* 0.883 C7H6O5 [M-H]- 169.013 7 169.013 1 3.6 125.023 6 Gallic acid 100 H, Y
10c 1.022 C9H11NO2 [M+H]+ 166.086 2 166.086 2 0.2 142.967 0, 131.049 2,
120.081 0
L-Phenylalanine 89.1 H, Y
11c 1.280 C11H20N2O3 [M+H]+ 229.154 9 229.154 6 1.2 173.984 9, 142.086 2,
70.065 6
Leucylproline 89.4 H, Y
12c 1.365 C15H16O9 [M+H]+ 341.086 6 341.086 7 -0.2 - Esculin 88.7 Y
13b 1.407 C10H10O4 [M-H]- 193.050 1 193.949 5 3.4 178.026 8, 175.039 2,
149.060 3
Ferulic acid [11] 91.1 H, Y
14c 1.437 C11H9 NO2 [M+H]+ 188.070 6 188.070 6 0.4 170.060 0, 146.060 1
144.080 8, 118.065 3
Indole-3-acrylic acid 94.3 H, Y
15b 1.686 C15H15O9 [M-H]- 191.055 5 191.055 0 0.0 173.044 6, 127.039 2,
102.947 8
93.033 6, 85.028 5
D-(-)-Quinic acid [12] 90.9 H, Y
16a* 1.712 C16H18O9 [M+H]+
[M+Na]+
355.102 3
377.084 5
355.102 3
377.084 4
0.1 0.3 215.052 5
197.041 7, 185.021 2,
179.031 6
3-O-Caffeoylquinic acid71.4 H, Y
17c 1.766 C7H6O3 [M-H]- 137.023 7 137.023 3 2.8 92.919 0, 93.033 5 Salicylic acid 78.7 H, Y
18a* 2.122 C9H8O4 [M+H]+
[M-H]-
181.049 4
179.034 4
181.049 5
179.033 8
-0.3 3.4 135.044 4 Caffeic acid 100 H, Y
19c 2.419 C9H6O2 [M+H]+ 147.044 0 147.044 0 0.1 128.950 8, 119.049 2,
123.964 5
Coumarin 76 H, Y
20c 2.495 C7H6O4 [M-H]- 153.018 6 153.018 2 2.8 109.028 6, 103.919 2,
96.958 9
2, 4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid83.9 H, Y
21d 3.257 C17H20O9 [M+H]+
[M+Na]+
369.118 0
391.284 0
369.118 0
391.099 6
0.1 -0.9 Methyl 3-O-caffeoylquinate H, Y
22a* 3.341 C27H30O16 [M+H]+
[M+Na]+
611.161 0
633.143 0
611.160 6
633.142 6
0.6 0.7 465.102 7, 303.049 9
487.084 3, 331.099 7,
325.031 8
Rutin 93.8 H, Y
23a* 3.487 C21H20O12 [M+H]+
[M+Na]+
465.102 9
487.084 9
465.102 7
487.084 7
0.3 0.5 325.032 0 324.023 8,
303.049 8, 185.041 9
Hyperin 85.7 H, Y
24b 3.828 C19H27O6N [M+H]+
[M+Na]+
366.191 3
388.172 8
366.191 1
388.173 0
0.6 -0.5 168.101 8, 153.090 9,
150.091 3
135.080 4, 125.059 7,
122.060 1
Senkirkine [13] 72.7 H, Y
25c 3.889 C9H6O3 [M+H]+ 163.038 9 163.038 9 0.1 145.028 4, 135.044 1,
117.033 6, 107.049 3,
89.038 9
7-Hydroxycoumarine 73.4 H, Y
26a* 3.911 C25H24O12 [M+H]+
[M+Na]+
517.134 1
539.116 1
517.134 0
539.116 0
0.2 0.3 499.123 7, 181.049 5,
163.038 9
377.084 1, 359.073 9,
355.102 3
3, 4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid90.0 H, Y
27c 3.947 C8H6O2 [M+H]+ 135.044 0 135.044 0 0.1 117.033 6, 95.049 4,
89.038 9
Phthaldialdehyde 78.2 H, Y
28a* 4.011 C25H24O12 [M+H]+
[M+Na]+
517.134 0
539.116 1
517.134 0
539.116 0
0.1 0.3 499.123 8, 181.049 5,
163.038 9
377.084 1, 359.073 9,
355.102 3
3, 5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid90.0 H, Y
29d 4.061 C21H20O11 [M+H]+
[M+Na]+
449.107 5
471.089 7
449.107 8
471.089 7
-0.6 -0.1 287.054 7 Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside H, Y
30a* 4.582 C25H24O12 [M+H]+
[M+Na]+
517.134 0
539.116 1
517.134 0
539.116 0
0.0 0.3 499.123 5, 181.049 5,
163.038 9
377.084 5, 359.073 3,
355.102 3
4, 5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid90.0 H, Y
31c 4.872 C10H10O4 [M-H]- 193.050 2 193.049 5 3.6 178.027 2, 161.023 7,
139.039 0
Isoferulic acid 84.1 H, Y
32a* 7.240 C15H10O7 [M+H]+
[M-H]-
303.047 9
301.035 4
303.049 9
301.034 2
-0.7 4.0 285.039 9
257.044 7, 229.049 7,
165.018 5
Quercetin 100.0 H, Y
33a* 8.052 C15H10O6 [M+H]+ 287.054 9 287.055 0 -0.3 153.018 0, 121.028 3 Kaempferol 66.7 H, Y
34a* 8.285 C13H14O3 [M+H]+ 219.101 5 219.101 5 0.1 181.049 4, 177.091 0,
163.038 9, 145.101 5
2, 2-Dimethyl-6-acetylchromanone 80.0 H, Y
35c 8.854 C8H7N [M+H]+ 118.065 2 118.056 1 1.0 105.045 1, 95.049 5,
91.054 6
Indole 71.2 H, Y
36d 11.413 C20H28O4 [M+H]+ 333.205 8 333.206 0 -0.6 8-Angeloylxy-3, 4-epoxy-bisabola-7(14), 10-dien-2-one H, Y
37d 11.381 C21H28O4 [M+H]+ 345.206 1 345.206 0 0.4 217.158 7 7β-(3'-Ethylcis-crotonoyloyx)-5, 6-dehydro-3, 14-dehydro-Z-notonipetralactone H, Y
38b 12.327 C28H42O8 [M+H]+ 507.294 9 507.295 2 -0.5 431.279 2, 347.221 5,
317.211 0
Tussilagolactone 80.0 H, Y
39b 13.145 C28H42O7 [M+H]+
[M+Na]+
491.300 3
513.281 9
491.300 3
513.282 7
0.0 -0.6 453.261 2
351.192 6, 339.192 8,
255.134 9, 237.124 6,
215.143 2, 173.095 8,
137.057 3, 125.057 3
14-Acetoxy-7β-(3'-ethylcis-crotonoyloxy)-1α-(2'-methyl butyryloxy)-notonipetranone90.0 H, Y
40a* 14.45 C23H34O5 [M+H]+ 391.247 7 391.247 9 -0.4 331.227 0, 218.130 1,
217.159 0
Tussilagone 83.3 H, Y
41d 15.951 C20H28O3 [M+H]+ 317.211 1 317.211 1 0.0 7β-Senecioyloxyoplopa-3(14)Z, 8(10)-dien-2-one H, Y
42a* 15.983 C26H38O5 [M+H]+ 431.279 2
453.261 3
431.279 7
453.261 1
0.5 0.5 329.211 1 317.211 1,
237.125 2, 215.143 3,
173.096 3
7β-(3'-Ethyl-cis-crotonoyloxy)-1α-(2'-methylbutyryloxy)-3(14)-dehydro-Z-notonipetranone88.9 H, Y
43b 17.389 C21H30O3 [M+H]+ 331.226 6 331.226 7 -0.4 218.130 1, 217.159 0,
175.148 2
Tussilagonone 80.0 H, Y
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基于UHPLC-Q Extractive轨道阱高分辨质谱的款冬花、叶的化学比较
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李静 1, 2 , 李娟 1, 2 , 贾金萍 3 , 张俊杰 3 , 闫艳 1 , 高晓霞 1 , 秦雪梅 1 , 李震宇 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文·药物分析 2018,53(3): 444-452
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药学学报 | 研究论文·药物分析 2018, 53(3): 444-452
基于UHPLC-Q Extractive轨道阱高分辨质谱的款冬花、叶的化学比较
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李静1, 2, 李娟1, 2, 贾金萍3, 张俊杰3, 闫艳1, 高晓霞1, 秦雪梅1, 李震宇1, *
作者信息
  • 1.山西大学中医药现代研究中心, 山西 太原 030006
  • 2.山西大学化学化工学院, 山西 太原 030006
  • 3.山西大学大型仪器中心, 山西 太原 030006

通讯作者:

* 李震宇, Tel/Fax:86-351-7018379, E-mail:
Comparison of flower buds and leaves of Tussilago farfara L. by UHPLC-Q Extractive Hybrid Quadrupole Orbitrap MS
Jing LI1, 2, Juan LI1, 2, Jin-ping JIA3, Jun-jie ZHANG3, Yan YAN1, Xiao-xia GAO1, Xue-mei QIN1, Zhen-yu LI1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
  • 2. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
  • 3. Scientific Instrument Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
出版时间: 2018-03-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2017-0943
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款冬花是中医临床常用药材,具有止咳化痰作用。款冬叶也具有相似的药理作用。对款冬叶和花进行系统的化学比较,有助于进一步促进款冬叶的资源利用。本研究采用高分辨液质联用技术对款冬花和叶进行了化学比较,采用靶标和非靶标结合的指认策略鉴定化学成分43种,进一步分析显示款冬酮、款冬花素酯等倍半萜类物质在花中的含量远远高于叶,而绿原酸、异绿原酸等苯丙素类物质在叶中的含量高于花蕾; 黄酮类物质金丝桃苷、槲皮素在款冬花和叶中含量接近,而芦丁、山柰酚在款冬花中含量较高。说明款冬花和叶含有相似的化学成分,但款冬叶中以绿原酸类为代表的苯丙素类成分含量较高,而这类成分与止咳化痰作用密切相关。本研究为款冬叶的资源利用奠定了基础。

款冬  /  液质联用  /  化学比较

The flower bud of Tussilago farfara L. has been commonly used in the treatment of cough, bronchitis and asthmatic disorders in the Traditional Chinese Medicine. In Europe, the leaves were also used as herbal drugs with similar pharmacological activities. In order to utilize the leaves, it is important to conduct the chemical comparison between the flower buds and the leaves. In this study, ultra high liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with Q Exactive high resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) was used to compare the chemical composition of the flower buds and leaves of T. farfara L. forty three metabolites were identified by the combination of targeted and untargeted approach. The results suggest that the sesquiterpenes, such as tussilagone and 7β-(3'-ethyl-cis-crotonoyloxy)-1α-(2'-methylbutyryloxy)-3(14)-dehydro-Z-notonipetranone were higher in the flower buds. While the phenylpropanoids, such as cholorgenic acid and isochlorogenic acid were higher in the leaves. The flavonoids, such as hyperin and quercetin exhibited no difference between the flower buds and leaves, while the rutin and kaempferol were higher in the flower buds. The leaves and flower buds had similar chemical components, and the phenylpropanoids, which were closely related with the antitussive and expectorant activities, were found at higher concentrations in the leaves. The results presented here laid the basis for the rational utilization of the leaves of T. farfara L.

Tussilago farfara  /  LC-MS  /  chemical comparison
李静, 李娟, 贾金萍, 张俊杰, 闫艳, 高晓霞, 秦雪梅, 李震宇. 基于UHPLC-Q Extractive轨道阱高分辨质谱的款冬花、叶的化学比较. 药学学报, 2018 , 53 (3) : 444 -452 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2017-0943
Jing LI, Juan LI, Jin-ping JIA, Jun-jie ZHANG, Yan YAN, Xiao-xia GAO, Xue-mei QIN, Zhen-yu LI. Comparison of flower buds and leaves of Tussilago farfara L. by UHPLC-Q Extractive Hybrid Quadrupole Orbitrap MS[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2018 , 53 (3) : 444 -452 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2017-0943
款冬花为菊科植物款冬Tussilago farfara L.的干燥花蕾, 主产于我国的山西、河南、陕西和甘肃等地, 具有润肺下气、止咳化痰的功效, 用于新久咳嗽、喘咳痰多、劳嗽咳血。款冬花始载于《神农本草经》, 列为中品, 谓其“主咳逆上气, 善喘, 喉痹, 诸惊痫、寒热邪气”[1]。款冬花是中医临床常用药材, 也是复方麻杏石甘汤[2]、紫菀散[3]等多种复方的重要组成原料。
款冬在欧洲同样是一种具有悠久历史的药用植物, 但其用药部位为叶, 同样用于止咳化痰[4]。目前市场上由于款冬花价格较高, 经常出现非药用部位花梗、根茎等掺杂现象, 而叶子的产量较高可以有效避免掺假现象; 此外, 由于款冬花蕾的发育在地下进行, 采收相对困难。从药用资源的角度来看, 叶比花蕾具有明显的优势。因此, 系统比较款冬花、叶的成分对促进款冬资源有效利用有重要意义。
本课题组前期曾采用气质联用[5]和核磁共振[6]对款冬花、叶的化学成分进行了比较。近年来, 液质联用技术广泛地应用于多种药用植物及复方的化学分析, 如酸枣仁[7]、黄芪建中汤[8]、远志[9]、藤黄[10]等。本文拟采用高分辨液质联用技术结合Xcalibur 3.2、Compound Discover 2.0、Mass Frontier 7.0等软件对款冬花、叶的化学成分进行进一步深入比较, 为款冬叶资源利用奠定基础。
仪器与试剂   Thermo fisher U3000超高效液相色谱仪, 配置在线脱气机、四元梯度泵、柱温箱、自动进样器(Thermo Fisher Scientific), Thermo Scientific Q Extractive质谱仪(Thermo Scientific, Germany); Xcalibur 3.2软件; Compound Discover 2.0软件; Mass Frontier 7.0软件; 十万分之一天平(德国赛得利斯集团)。乙腈、甲醇、甲酸为色谱纯(Thermo Fisher Scientific)、水为娃哈哈纯净水
药品   对照品咖啡酸(批号: 14100803)购自MUST公司; 芦丁(批号: 140912)购自上海盛中医药化工有限公司; 异绿原酸A (批号: 14062009)、异绿原酸B (批号: 14122417)、异绿原酸C (批号: 14062011)购自成都普瑞法科技开发有限公司; 山柰酚(批号: YJ-141119)、绿原酸(批号: YJ-141004)、金丝桃苷(批号: YJ-150109)购自江苏永健医药有限公司; 槲皮素(批号: 100081-200907)中国药品生物制品检定所; 没食子酸(批号: 20130729)上海源叶生物科技有限公司, 款冬酮、色原酮、款冬花素酯为本实验室自制, 纯度为98%以上。连续3个年度的款冬花、叶药材均采自山西沁县(表 1), 经山西大学中医药现代研究中心秦雪梅教授鉴定, 并保存于山西大学中医药现代研究中心。
对照品溶液的制备   取对照品适量, 精密称定, 加甲醇分别制备成浓度为1.650 mg·mL-1芦丁; 1.170 mg·mL-1山柰酚; 1.559 mg·mL-1没食子酸; 1.341 mg·mL-1槲皮素; 1.414 mg·mL-1异绿原酸A; 1.696 mg·mL-1异绿原酸B; 1.171 mg·mL-1异绿原酸C; 1.062 mg·mL-1金丝桃苷; 1.276 mg·mL-1咖啡酸; 1.251 mg·mL-1款冬酮; 1.032 mg·mL-1色原酮; 0.978 mg·mL-1款冬花素酯的对照品溶液。
供试品溶液的制备   分别取3批不同年限的款冬花、款冬叶粉碎, 每一批平行备样3份, 分别取样品粉末(过4号筛)约0.5 g, 精密称定, 精密加入甲醇10 mL, 称定重量, 超声提取20 min, 取出, 放冷, 再称定重量, 用甲醇补足减失的重量, 过滤。过0.22 μm微孔滤膜, 取续滤液作为供试品溶液。
色谱条件   色谱柱: Wasters BEH C18 (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 μm); 流动相: 0.1%甲酸乙腈(A), 0.1%甲酸水(B)。梯度洗脱: 0~2 min, 10%~20% A; 2~6 min, 20% A; 6~7 min, 20%~67% A; 7~14 min, 67%~73% A; 14~18 min, 73%~80% A; 18~19 min, 80%~95% A; 流速: 0.3 mL·min-1; 柱温: 25 ℃; DAD检测器扫描范围为190~400 nm; 进样量3 µL。
质谱条件   离子源:电喷雾离子源(ESI); 扫描方式:正负离子同时扫描; 喷雾电压: 3.5 kV; 鞘气流速: 45 psi (1 psi ≈ 6.9 kPa); 辅助气流速: 15 psi; 毛细管温度: 320 ℃; 探头加温器温度: 300 ℃; 最大喷雾电流: 100 A; S-Lens分辨率: 55;扫描范围: m/z 80~ 1 500;质量分辨率: 70 000。
数据处理和分析   将采集到的原始质谱数据利用Xcailibar 13.0软件进行峰提取、峰匹配, 用Compound Discover 2.0软件进行峰对齐及归一化等预处理, 导出样品名称、保留时间、质荷比以及对应的离子强度组成的数据集。其主要参数设置如下:保留时间范围0~22 min; 质荷比范围为80~1 200 Da; 偏差为5 ppm; 噪音消除水平6;响应强度阈值为50; Mass Frontier 7.0软件进行化合物结构和峰匹配, 阈值一般为5%, 可根据峰相对强度做调整。将上述处理的积分数据导入SIMCA-P 13.0 (Umetrics, Sweden)软件中进行PCA分析(principal component analysis), 用单变量分析寻找差异代谢物, 对比款冬花、叶化学成分差异, 在SPSS软件中对差异成分进行ANOVA分析。
本研究拟采用靶标与非靶标结合的方法进行成分鉴定, 并依据结构指认的可靠性从高到低分为4个层次(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ), 具体策略如下: ①采用SciFinder、Elsevier SD、Web of Science数据库, 将文献中有关款冬花的化合物数据进行全面收集整理, 共收录91个次级代谢产物信息, 包括苯丙素类、黄酮类、三萜类、甾体类、生物碱类、倍半萜类、色原酮等, 建立化合物库, 包括化合物的名称、分子式、精确分子量、结构式(ChemBioDraw Ultra 12.0, Cambridge Soft, USA, 保存为MOL file格式)信息; ②将质谱原始数据(Xcalibur 3.2 Raw file)导入Mass Frontier 7.0 Chromatogram Manager中, 筛选准分子离子峰的二级谱图, 当关注相对强度较低的峰时, 通过同位素峰、正负离子模式的准分子离子峰、报道物质特征结构碎片等信息筛选二级谱图; ③将所建数据库①中的结构式和②确定的二级图谱导入Database Manger中, 设置阈值为3%, 按照公式1计算二级碎片匹配率, 红色离子峰代表匹配成功, 同时得到匹配的碎片结构和裂解机制。可通过对照品进一步确认的定为Ⅰ类化合物, 部分结构和二级碎片离子在Mass Frontier 7.0可以匹配, 但未通过对照品确认的为Ⅱ类化合物; 在谱图中只能找到化合物的准分子离子峰, 无二级碎片或仅有少量碎片信息, 推测化合物在样本中含量较低, 定为Ⅳ类化合物。以上3类化合物定为靶标指认; ④第Ⅲ类化合物的指认是非靶标指认, 分别将9个H组、Y组和一个空白溶剂(blank)的谱图导入Compound Discover 2.0中, 谱峰归一化, 设置预测化合物的分子组成为C、H、O、N, 并将化合物碎片匹配值设置在70%以上, 通过CD数据库(http://www.mzcloud.org)进行结构指认, 计算结果显示分子离子峰、分子式、分子量、不同样本的谱峰强度、匹配度等信息, 根据匹配度的高低及碎片峰推断化合物。
目前未见文献报道采用液质联用技术分析款冬植物化学成分。采用靶标和非靶标指认方法, 从款冬花、叶中共指认了43种化合物, 结果见表 2
芦丁在正离子模式下可以观察到m/z 611.161 0 [M+H]+和633.143 0 [M+Na]+的准分子离子峰, 负离子模式下观察到m/z 609.146 5 [M-H]-, 筛选准分子离子峰的二级碎片后导入化学结构, 正离子模式下匹配度较好, 得到m/z 465 [M+H-fuc]+、303 [M+H-fuc-glu]+、285 [M+H-fuc-glu-H2O]+和257 [M+H-fuc-glu-H2O-CO]+的碎片离子, 通过与芦丁对照品的质谱行为进行对比, 确认22号为芦丁(图 1)。采用对照品比对的方法鉴定的化合物还包括金丝桃苷(23)、槲皮素(32)、山柰酚(33)。
绿原酸在正离子模式下观察到m/z 355.102 3 [M+H]+和377.084 5 [M+Na]+的准分子离子峰, 在Mass Frontier 7.0匹配的碎片m/z 163为[M+H]+和[M+Na]+脱去奎尼酸部分产生的咖啡酰基正离子; 此外, [M+H]+峰产生的碎片离子还包括: m/z 337 [M+H-H2O]+m/z 193 [M+H-caffeoyl]+m/z 181 [M+H-quinate]+、163 [M+H-quinate-H2O]+, 通过与绿原酸对照品的质谱行为进行对比, 确认为16号为绿原酸。异绿原酸A、B和C的结构较绿原酸多一分子的咖啡酰基, 因此具有相似的结构碎片, 裂解规律见图 2。异绿原酸A、B和C最终通过与对照品比对完成鉴定。
款冬花素酯在正离子模式下观察到m/z 431.279 2 [M+H]+和453.261 3 [M+Na]+的准分子离子峰, 在Mass Frontier 7.0中导入二级碎片和化学结构, 匹配的碎片包括m/z 329 [M+H-MebuO]+m/z 317 [M+H-MesenO]+m/z 233 [M+H-MesenO-C5H8O]+m/z 215 [M+H-MesenO-MebuO]+m/z 173 [M+H-MesenO-MebuO-C3H6]+m/z 115 [MesenO+H]+m/z 103 [MebuO+H]+, 通过与款冬花素酯对照品的质谱行为进行对比确认42号为款冬花素酯(图 3)。款冬酮也通过类似的方法得到鉴定。
Tussilagolactone 分子式为C18H42O8, 比款冬素酯多一个氧原子和14位取代基OAc[14], 该成分在1、7位取代基(分别为MesenO、MebuO)与款冬花素酯相同, 在正离子模式下产生m/z 507.294 9 [M+H]+和529.276 9 [M+Na]+, 在Mass Frontier 7.0中匹配的二级碎片包括m/z 447 [M+H-OAC]+、431 [M+H-OAC-O]+、347 [M+H-OAC-O-Mebu]+、317 [M+H-OAC-O-MesenO]+、233 [M+H-OAC-O-MesenO-Mebu]+, 可能的裂解规律如图 4所示。
阿魏酸的分子式为C10H10O4, 负离子模式下产生m/z 193.050 19 [M-H]-的准分子离子峰, 二级碎片有m/z 178、175、149、134, 负离子模式下Mass Frontier 7.0匹配度较差, 结合文献[11]裂解规律推断该物质为阿魏酸。
次级代谢物库中化合物3-O-咖啡酰基奎尼酸甲酯(21), 分子式为C17H20O9, 正离子模式下产生m/z 369.118 0 [M+H]+和391.284 0 [M+Na]+的准分子离子峰, 但无该准分子离子峰的二级碎片。此类物质还包括款冬中黄酮类物质山柰酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷[15], 倍半萜类物质8-angeloylxy-3, 4-epoxy-bisabola-7(14), 10-dien-2-one[16]、7β-(3'-ethylcis-crotonoyloyx)-5, 6-dehydro-3, 14-dehydro-Z-notonipetralactone[17]、7β-senecioyloxyoplopa-3(14)Z, 8(10)-dien-2-one[18]
Ⅲ类化合物即为非靶标化合物, 该类化合物多为初级代谢产物, 通过Compound Discover 2.0及其关联的数据库(http://www.mzcloud.org)检索并与二级碎片进行相似性比对, 所鉴定的成分包括黄嘌呤、胆碱、苯丙氨酸、3-吲哚丙烯酸、水杨酸等20个化合物。匹配度均在70%以上, 其中腺苷匹配度最高为94.9%, 吲哚最低为71.2%, 其余物质大多在85%以上。
无监督的模式识别方法PCA分析是通过降维技术把具有一定相关性的指标约化为几个综合指标, 可以反映数据的原始状态, 从而直观地显示不同样品之间的整体差异。以前两个主成分为坐标轴构建的得分散点图(R2: 0.72, Q2: 0.542)可见款冬花、叶可明显区分(图 5), 说明二者化学组成存在显著差异。
运用GraphPad Prism 5.01软件对表 1化合物总离子流图谱峰未重叠物质进行单变量分析(图 6), 花中含量较高的化合物有黄酮类物质芦丁、山柰酚; 倍半萜类物质款冬素酯、款冬酮、款冬花酮、14-acetoxy-7β-(3'-ethyl-cis-crotonoyloxy)-lα-(2'-methylbutyryloxy)-notonipetranone、tussilagolactone、7β-(3'-ethyl-cis-crotonoyloyx)-5, 6-dehydro-3, 14-dehydro-Z-notonipetralactone、8-angeloylxy-3, 4-epoxy-bisabola-7(14), 10-dien-2-one; 以及其他类物质脯氨酸、羟基戊二酸、苹果酸、色原酮。叶中含量较高的化合物有苯丙素类物质绿原酸、异绿原酸A、异绿原酸B、异绿原酸C、异阿魏酸、阿魏酸, 肾形千里光碱以及次黄嘌呤、没食子酸、苯丙氨酸、3-吲哚丙烯酸、水杨酸、2, 4-二羟基苯甲酸等其他化合物。款冬叶中特有的成分是马栗树皮甙。金丝桃苷、槲皮素、咖啡酸、奎尼酸、亮氨酰脯氨酸、谷氨酰胺在花和叶中含量无显著差异。
本文采用液质联用技术对款冬花、叶化学成分进行了比较。与前期研究相比, 新检测款冬代谢物4种, 即液质联用技术可以更加灵敏的检测款冬中的次级代谢产物, 与本课题组前期基于核磁共振和气质联用的分析互为补充, 全面揭示款冬花和叶的化学差异。通过靶标和非靶标结合的指认策略, 结合文献报道、标品比对及软件识别和数据库关联, 一共指认了款冬中43种化学成分。款冬花和叶含有相似的化学成分, 款冬酮、款冬花素酯等倍半萜类物质在花中的含量远远高于叶, 而绿原酸、异绿原酸等苯丙素类物质在叶中的含量高于花蕾; 黄酮类物质金丝桃苷、槲皮素在款冬花和叶中含量接近, 而芦丁、山柰酚在款冬花中含量较高, 与课题组之前的研究结果[6]基本一致。
本课题组前期研究显示款冬花和叶均具有明显的止咳化痰作用, 且叶的作用略优于花, 说明以绿原酸类为代表的苯丙素类成分与款冬花止咳化痰作用相关性较大[19], 也与其他课题组的研究结果一致[20]。鉴于款冬叶具有明显的资源和采收优势, 在后续工作中应对其是否可代替花蕾入药进行系统的研究。目前《中国药典》中款冬花的质量评价指标为款冬酮, 建议在款冬花质量标准提升中加入苯丙素类成分。文献报道款冬酮为代表的倍半萜类具有显著的抗炎作用, 但由于中药多为水煎入药, 而低极性的倍半萜类在水提物中含量较低, 这类成分与款冬花止咳化痰的关系也值得进一步研究。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(31270008)
  • 国家中药标准化项目(ZYBZH-Y-JIN-34)
  • 山西省科技创新重点团队(201605D131045-18)
  • 地产中药功效物质研究与利用山西省重点实验室(201605D111004)
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2018年第53卷第3期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2017-0943
  • 接收时间:2017-09-21
  • 首发时间:2026-01-15
  • 出版时间:2018-03-12
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  • 收稿日期:2017-09-21
  • 修回日期:2017-11-21
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(31270008)
国家中药标准化项目(ZYBZH-Y-JIN-34)
山西省科技创新重点团队(201605D131045-18)
地产中药功效物质研究与利用山西省重点实验室(201605D111004)
作者信息
    1.山西大学中医药现代研究中心, 山西 太原 030006
    2.山西大学化学化工学院, 山西 太原 030006
    3.山西大学大型仪器中心, 山西 太原 030006

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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