Article(id=1218263593112486465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1218263587458568607, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2017-0431, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1493654400000, receivedDateStr=2017-05-02, revisedDate=1497283200000, revisedDateStr=2017-06-13, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768386274841, onlineDateStr=2026-01-14, pubDate=1507737600000, pubDateStr=2017-10-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768386274841, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768386274841, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768386274841, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1218263587458568607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2017', volume='52', issue='10', pageStart='1485', pageEnd='1635', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768386273493, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768386692631, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218265345501086635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1218263587458568607, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218265345501086636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1218263587458568607, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1605, endPage=1610, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1218263595113169523, articleId=1218263593112486465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Construction and evaluation of charge-reversal nanocarrier loaded with hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=ORIGINAL ARTICLES, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Charge-reversal nanocarrier was constructed to enhance lysosomal escape and improve an-titumor effect. We synthesized the cholesterol-polyethyleneimine-hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Chol-PEI-HHPA) polymer and characterized by 1H NMR. The charge-reversal liposomes (Lipo-HHPA) were synthesized and the hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) was loaded. pH-triggered charge conversion was determined at different pH values. The lysosomal escape and cytotoxicity of the Lipo-HHPA were evaluated in MCF-7 cells. The Lipo-HHPA was uniform with an average particle size of 102 nm. Upon the irradiation of ultrasound, burst release of HMME could be observed. The zeta potential of Lipo-HHPA changed sharply from negative (-23.5 mV) to positive (+21.2 mV) over the pH range of 7.4-4.5. In the cellular uptake experiment, the lysosomal escape of Lipo-HHPA was observed. HMME loaded Lipo-HHPA displayed obviously enhanced cytotoxicity towards MCF-7 cells. These results indicate that the charge-reversal liposomes hold a great potential in improving the cytotoxicity and antitumor effect.

, correspAuthors=Wei-cheng MA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2017 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ai-ren XU, Jian-hui RONG, Meng-jia CHEN, Zheng-hong FENG, Wei-cheng MA, Song SHEN, Yi JIN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1218263597042549517, articleId=1218263593112486465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=载血卟啉单甲醚电荷反转型纳米载体构建及评价, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

构建具有电荷反转功能的纳米载体,实现药物的溶酶体逃逸,提高抗肿瘤效果。合成胆固醇-聚乙烯亚胺-六氢邻苯二甲酸酐(Chol-PEI-HHPA)聚合物,利用1H NMR进行结构表征,构建具有电荷反转功能的脂质体(Lipo-HHPA)并负载声敏药物血卟啉单甲醚(HMME),考察Lipo-HHPA-HMME在不同pH条件下的电荷反转情况,利用MCF-7细胞研究载体的溶酶体逃逸及细胞毒性。结果显示,所构建的Lipo-HHPA外观均匀,平均粒径为102 nm,在超声激发下可实现HMME的突释;当pH从7.4变为4.5时,其表面电位由-23.5 mV反转为+21.2 mV;体外细胞实验结果显示,Lipo-HHPA可逃逸溶酶体降解,提高HMME的细胞毒性。以上结果表明,电荷反转型载体有利于增强药物的细胞毒性,提高抗肿瘤效果。

, correspAuthors=马卫成, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 马卫成, Tel:86-574-83038595, E-mail:
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The construction of cell-penetrating peptide R8 and pH sensitive cleavable polyethyl-ene glycols co-modified liposomes[J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2015, 50:760-766., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218968421757272124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263593112486465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qin L, Cao D, Pan S, et al. Construction of serum-resistant cationic polymer a-CD-PAMAM and evaluation of its per-formances as gene delivery vector[J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2017, 52:139-145., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218968421895684167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263593112486465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Z, Bai F, Zhang X, et al. GGI as a gene carrier delivering MDR1 siRNA to A549/DDP cells for reversal of multidrug resistance[J]. 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A multifunctional self-dissociative polyethyleneimine derivative coating polymer for enhancing the gene transfection efficiency of DNA/polyethyleneimine polyplexes in vitro and in vivo[J]. Polym Chem, 2015, 6:780-796., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218968422453526663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263593112486465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guo Q, Guan D, Dong B, et al. Charge-conversional bi-nary drug delivery polymeric micelles for combined chemotherapy of cervical cancer[J]. 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Novel branched poly (ethylenimine)-cholesterol water-soluble lipopolymers for gene delivery[J]. Biomacromolecules, 2002, 3:1197-1207., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218968422898122940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263593112486465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jiang Y, Mo H, Chen J. Gene transfer system mediated by PEI-cholesterol lipopolymer with lipid microbubbles[J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2010, 45:659-666., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218968423036534990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263593112486465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Meng Q, Zhang P, Yin Q, et al. Photo-sensitive liposomes loading doxorubicin hydrochloride reverse drug resistance of breast cancer[J]. 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A schematic diagram showing the synthesis of cholesterol-polyethyleneimine-hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Chol-PEI-HHPA)

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The 1H NMR spectrum of Chol-PEI-HHPA

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Transmission electron microscope (TEM) image (A) and particle size distribution (B) of HHPA mo-dified liposomes (Lipo-HHPA)

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The release of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) from Lipo-HHPA with or without the irradiation of ultrasound

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Zeta potential of Lipo-HHPA at different pH values

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Fluorescent images of MCF-7 cells after incubation with HMME loaded liposomes (Lipo-HMME) (A) and HMME loaded HHPA modified liposomes (Lipo-HHPA-HMME) (B) for 4 h. The lysosomes were stained by LysoTracker Green, green-lysosomes; red-HMME. Scale bar = 10 μm

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Fluorescence microscopic images of MCF-7 cells after incubation with stained with Lipo-HHPA-HMME for 30 min, 2 h and 4 h

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The cytotoxicity of blank Lipo-HHPA

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Antiproliferation of free HMME, Lipo-HMME and Lipo-HHPA-HMME without (A) and with (B) irradiation of ultrasound. C: The morphology of MCF-7 cells after different treatments

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载血卟啉单甲醚电荷反转型纳米载体构建及评价
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徐爱仁 1 , 戎建辉 1 , 陈梦嘉 1 , 冯政红 1 , 马卫成 1, * , 沈松 3 , 金一 2
药学学报 | 研究论文 2017,52(10): 1605-1610
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2017, 52(10): 1605-1610
载血卟啉单甲醚电荷反转型纳米载体构建及评价
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徐爱仁1, 戎建辉1, 陈梦嘉1, 冯政红1, 马卫成1, * , 沈松3, 金一2
作者信息
  • 1.宁波市泌尿肾病医院, 浙江 宁波 315100
  • 2.江西中医药大学, 江西 南昌 330004
  • 3.江苏大学药学院, 江苏 镇江 212013

通讯作者:

* 马卫成, Tel:86-574-83038595, E-mail:
Construction and evaluation of charge-reversal nanocarrier loaded with hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether
Ai-ren XU1, Jian-hui RONG1, Meng-jia CHEN1, Zheng-hong FENG1, Wei-cheng MA1, * , Song SHEN3, Yi JIN2
Affiliations
  • 1. Ningbo Urinary and Renal Diseases Hospital, Ningbo 315100, China
  • 2. Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
  • 3. School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
出版时间: 2017-10-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2017-0431
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构建具有电荷反转功能的纳米载体,实现药物的溶酶体逃逸,提高抗肿瘤效果。合成胆固醇-聚乙烯亚胺-六氢邻苯二甲酸酐(Chol-PEI-HHPA)聚合物,利用1H NMR进行结构表征,构建具有电荷反转功能的脂质体(Lipo-HHPA)并负载声敏药物血卟啉单甲醚(HMME),考察Lipo-HHPA-HMME在不同pH条件下的电荷反转情况,利用MCF-7细胞研究载体的溶酶体逃逸及细胞毒性。结果显示,所构建的Lipo-HHPA外观均匀,平均粒径为102 nm,在超声激发下可实现HMME的突释;当pH从7.4变为4.5时,其表面电位由-23.5 mV反转为+21.2 mV;体外细胞实验结果显示,Lipo-HHPA可逃逸溶酶体降解,提高HMME的细胞毒性。以上结果表明,电荷反转型载体有利于增强药物的细胞毒性,提高抗肿瘤效果。

电荷反转  /  溶酶体逃逸  /  血卟啉单甲醚  /  声动力治疗  /  靶向递送

Charge-reversal nanocarrier was constructed to enhance lysosomal escape and improve an-titumor effect. We synthesized the cholesterol-polyethyleneimine-hexahydrophthalic anhydride (Chol-PEI-HHPA) polymer and characterized by 1H NMR. The charge-reversal liposomes (Lipo-HHPA) were synthesized and the hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) was loaded. pH-triggered charge conversion was determined at different pH values. The lysosomal escape and cytotoxicity of the Lipo-HHPA were evaluated in MCF-7 cells. The Lipo-HHPA was uniform with an average particle size of 102 nm. Upon the irradiation of ultrasound, burst release of HMME could be observed. The zeta potential of Lipo-HHPA changed sharply from negative (-23.5 mV) to positive (+21.2 mV) over the pH range of 7.4-4.5. In the cellular uptake experiment, the lysosomal escape of Lipo-HHPA was observed. HMME loaded Lipo-HHPA displayed obviously enhanced cytotoxicity towards MCF-7 cells. These results indicate that the charge-reversal liposomes hold a great potential in improving the cytotoxicity and antitumor effect.

charge conversion  /  lysosomal escape  /  hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether  /  sonodynamic therapy  /  targeted delivery
徐爱仁, 戎建辉, 陈梦嘉, 冯政红, 马卫成, 沈松, 金一. 载血卟啉单甲醚电荷反转型纳米载体构建及评价. 药学学报, 2017 , 52 (10) : 1605 -1610 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2017-0431
Ai-ren XU, Jian-hui RONG, Meng-jia CHEN, Zheng-hong FENG, Wei-cheng MA, Song SHEN, Yi JIN. Construction and evaluation of charge-reversal nanocarrier loaded with hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2017 , 52 (10) : 1605 -1610 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2017-0431
在药物靶向传递过程中, 要克服多重障碍, 包括经过血液循环到达肿瘤部位、进入肿瘤细胞, 细胞内溶酶体降解等。其中逃逸溶酶体降解是提高药物靶向传递效率的又一途径。阳离子聚合物(polycation)如壳聚糖(chitosan)、聚赖氨酸(PLL)和聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)等, 在细胞内具有“质子海绵效应”, 可通过吸收大量水分导致溶酶体破裂, 最终协助药物逃逸降解, 进而实现高效递送[1]。利用该原理已经实现DNA[2]和siRNA[3]等多种物质的递送, 但在传递过程中, 阳离子聚合物会与带负电的血浆蛋白结合导致严重的凝血反应[4, 5], 同时还容易被巨噬细胞系统(RES)识别并清除。因此, 如何解决这一矛盾成为提高靶向效率的关键。具有电荷反转功能的聚合物的出现, 为解决这一矛盾提供了可能。利用带负电化合物对阳离子聚合物进行可逆修饰, 使其在血液中带负电荷, 当到达肿瘤组织或癌细胞内后通过水解等方法脱去负电化合物, 再生为阳离子聚合物, 即可实现电荷反转[6, 7]。Xu等[8]研究显示酰胺键的水解具有pH依赖性, 其在pH 5时水解较快; pH 6时较慢; pH 7.4环境下60 h仅水解50%。本文构建胆固醇-聚乙烯亚胺-六氢邻苯二甲酸酐(Chol-PEI-HHPA)修饰的脂质体, 当其进入溶酶体(pH 4.5~5.5) 时PEI与HHPA之间的酰胺键水解断裂, 促使PEI再生, 从而协助药物逃逸溶酶体, 提高靶向效率。
药品与试药  血卟啉单甲醚(HMME, 上海笛柏化学品有限公司); 六氢邻苯二甲酸酐(HHPA, 国药化学试剂有限公司); 聚乙烯亚胺(PEI, MW 800)、酰氯胆固醇(阿拉丁试剂有限公司); 噻唑蓝(MTT, Sigma试剂公司); 人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞(中国科学院上海生化与细胞研究所); 其他试剂均为分析纯。
仪器  超声治疗仪(838A, 深圳圣祥科技有限公司); 透射电子显微镜(TEM, JEM-2100, 日本电子株式会社); 酶标仪(Thermo MK3, 美国热电公司); 纳米粒径仪(ZS90, 英国马尔文公司); 激光共聚焦显微镜(TCS SP5 Ⅱ, 德国莱卡公司); 核磁共振光谱仪(AvanceⅡ 400MHz, 瑞士布鲁克公司); 紫外可见分光光度仪(UV-2450, 日本岛津公司)。
Chol-PEI-HHPA的合成   按照已有文献[9, 10]并经修改后合成Chol-PEI。具体步骤如下:取聚乙烯亚胺(PEI, 800 Da) 2 g置于50 mL圆底烧瓶中, 加二氯甲烷20 mL和三乙胺0.2 mL, 冰浴中搅拌反应30 min。称取酰氯胆固醇2 g, 溶于10 mL冰二氯甲烷, 然后将其于30 min内缓缓滴加至上述PEI溶液中, 冰浴搅拌反应12 h。反应完成后旋转蒸发除去有机溶剂, 真空干燥后加入0.1 mol·L-1 HCl 100 mL溶解, 利用二氯甲烷萃取数次, 除去未反应的酰氯胆固醇, 水溶液冻干后, 得Chol-PEI产物。
取Chol-PEI 0.2 g与HHPA 0.6 g共溶于适量二甲亚砜(DMSO)中, 在室温氮气保护下搅拌反应48 h, 反应完成后加入无水乙醚沉淀纯化数次, 将沉淀真空干燥即得Chol-PEI-HHPA, -20 ℃保存备用(合成路线图 1)。所得产物用氘代氯仿溶解后装入核磁管中, 室温下用核磁共振仪测定, 用NUTS软件积分处理数据。
电荷翻转脂质体(Lipo-TPP)的制备及HMME的负载   载HMME脂质体的制备分两步, 首先制备空白脂质体, 再通过孵育进行载药。这主要是由于在脂质体制备过程中需要进行超声分散, 而HMME在超声过程中会产生活性氧, 进而氧化脂质导致脂质体破坏。按照重量比4:1:0.1精密称取大豆磷脂、胆固醇(Chol)、Chol-PEI-HHPA溶于适量氯仿中, 加入磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS, pH 7.6) 后, 利用细胞超声破碎仪超声5 min, 形成乳浊液, 然后减压除去有机溶媒, 微孔滤膜(0.22 μm)过滤后, 得到电荷反转脂质体(Lipo-HHPA)。用Chol代替Chol-PEI-HHPA, 利用相同方法制备普通脂质体。取少量脂质体滴于200目铜网, 经1%磷钨酸染色后, 利用TEM进行观察。样品经过稀释后, 利用激光粒径仪测定Lipo-HHPA的粒径分布。
将所制备的电荷反转脂质体与HMME甲醇溶液(300 μg·mL-1)按照体积1:1混合后, 搅拌2 h后超速离心(40 000 r·min-1) 30 min分离脂质体, 水洗3次后, 得载药脂质体, 标记为Lipo-HHPA-HMME。收集上清后, 通过紫外测定HMME浓度, 计算载药量。载药普通脂质体(Lipo-HMME)的制备方法与Lipo-HHPA相同。
体外释放研究   取所得Lipo-HHPA-HMME (含HMME 50 μg) 1 mL, 经超声处理3 min或不经超声处理后, 装入透析袋(MWCO 10 kDa)中, 置于50 mL PBS (pH 7.4) 中, 继续搅拌2 h (50 r·min-1), 分别在15、30 min, 1、2 h, 取出样品1 mL, 同时补充空白PBS 1 mL, 所取样品在396 nm处测定吸光度, 计算HMME浓度及累计释放百分率。
Zeta电位反转研究   为了研究HHPA脱落对Lipo-HHPA表面电位的影响, 将Lipo-HHPA与不同pH缓冲盐溶液共孵育后, 测定其zeta电位。取1 mL Lipo-HHPA与2 mL不同pH (7.4、6.5、5.5、4.5) 的PBS于37 ℃孵育12 h, 完成后取300 μL溶液加入到2 mL相同pH的PBS中, 然后利用粒径电位仪测定zeta电位。
细胞培养   人乳腺癌(MCF-7) 细胞用于载体的细胞评价研究, 培养基为含10%胎牛血清和青霉素/链霉素双抗的RPMI 1640, 培养温度为37 ℃, 培养环境为5% CO2气体。
Lipo-HHPA的溶酶体逃逸研究   本研究的主要目的为构建具有溶酶体逃逸功能的载体, 从而提高其药物的递送效率。为此, 利用LysoTracker对溶酶体进行标记, 通过激光共聚焦显微镜研究Lipo-HHPA的细胞内定位情况。首先, 将MCF-7细胞按照每孔1×105细胞数接种于单孔细胞培养板中, 培养24 h后, 加入Lipo-HHPA-HMME及Lipo-HMME (HMME质量浓度为10 μg·mL-1), 孵育4 h后, 用PBS洗涤细胞3次, 加入LysoTracker Green 30 min后, 再洗涤3次, 经Hoechst染色后加入4%多聚甲醛固定30 min, 利用荧光显微镜观察细胞并记录。
空白载体毒性评价  采用MTT法测定空白脂质体的细胞毒性, 具体方法如下:将对数生长期MCF-7细胞接种于96孔细胞培养板(每孔5×103细胞数), 待细胞完全贴壁后, 每孔分别加入不同浓度的Lipo-HHPA空白脂质体, 使得脂质体的终质量浓度为5、10、20、50、100、200、500和1 000 mg·mL-1, 继续培养24 h后, 将培养液换成新鲜培养基, 并加入MTT溶液(5 mg·mL-1) 31.5 μL, 4 h后吸出培养液, 加入二甲亚砜溶液200 μL, 10 min后利用酶标仪在570 nm处测定吸光度, 计算存活百分率。
Lipo-HHPA-HMME的体外抗肿瘤效果评价   将MCF-7按照空白脂质体毒性评价方法接种于96孔板后, 分别加入不同浓度的游离HMME、Lipo-HHPA-HMME或Lipo-HMME培养4 h后, 分别用超声仪在1.0 W·cm-2功率强度下超声3 min, 继续培养24 h, 以未经超声的细胞作为对照, 按照上述MTT方法测定细胞存活率。
通过1H NMR对化合物中氢核的化学位移进行检测, 确定Chol-PEI-HHPA的生成。图 1为Chol-PEI-HHPA的1H NMR图谱, 具体参数如下: 0.693 (CH3, cholesterol)、0.904 [(CH3)2, cholesterol]、0.919 (CH3, cholesterol)、1.072 (CH3, cholesterol)、1.216~2.021 (CH2CH2和CHCH2, cholesterol)、4.457 (=CH=CHC, cholesterol)、5.357 (=CH-C, cholesterol)、2.5~3.4 (PEI)和1.92, 1.85, 1.53, 1.51 (HHPA)。以上结果证明Chol-PEI-HHPA成功合成。
通过TEM对制备的Lipo-HHPA进行表征, 结果见图 2。从图 2A中可以看出, 所制备的Lipo-HHPA外观为类球形, 分散均匀, 粒径均一, 平均粒径约为90 nm, 所得脂质体均为单室脂质体, 未见多层结构。同时通过激光粒径仪测定脂质体的水合粒径, 记录平均粒径及多分散系数, 从粒径分布图(图 2B)可以看出, 所制备的脂质体粒径成正态分布, 平均粒径为102 nm, 多分散性系数为0.261。体外载药结果显示, HMME的载药量为1.37%。
由于脂质体的主要成分为磷脂, 对氧化较为敏感, 被氧化后易导致脂质体结构的破坏及药物的释放, 而HMME作为一种光敏剂, 同时也是声敏剂, 可在超声的激发下产生活性氧, 氧化破坏脂质体。因此, 考察Lipo-HHPA-HMME在超声及非超声条件下的释放情况, 结果见图 3。在无超声激发的条件下, 药物释放缓慢, 0.5 h释放14.3%, 2 h释放26.3%, 这可能与HMME为脂溶性药物、磷脂亲和性较强以及在水中溶解度较小有关。经过1.0 W·cm-2超声处理3 min后, 药物释放速率显著提高, 0.5 h释放59.1%, 2 h释放70.3%。该结果表明, 超声可以激发HMME产生ROS, 氧化破坏脂质体, 显著提高药物的释放速率, 而这种触发释放对载体的体内特异性治疗具有重要意义。
本文的主要目的为构建具有电荷反转功能的载体, 以实现载体在酸性条件下从负电到正电的转变, 载体在不同pH条件下的表面zeta电位变化情况见图 4。从图中可以看出, 在正常生理pH条件下, 载体带有负电荷, 表面电位为-23.5 mV。随着pH的降低, Lipo-HHPA的表面电位逐渐升高, 当pH达到4.5时, 表面电位达到+21.2 mV。该结果是由于PEI与HHPA所形成的酰胺键在酸性条件下快速水解, 从而导致HHPA脱落, 使Lipo-HHPA表面所修饰的Chol-PEI-HHPA转变为Chol-PEI, 由于PEI的强正电作用, 导致表面电位升高。
为了进一步证实HHPA的脱落及其脱落对药物摄取的影响, 考察了Lipo-HMME与Lipo-HHPA-HMME经细胞摄取后的胞内分布情况, 结果见图 5。从图 5A中可以看出, 普通Lipo经过细胞摄取4 h后, HMME的荧光与溶酶体荧光基本重合, 表明普通Lipo经细胞摄取后主要存在于溶酶体中, 4 h后并未逃逸溶酶体。从Lipo-HHPA的摄取图(图 5B)中可以看出, HMME荧光出现在溶酶体以外区域, 这表明Lipo-HHPA在细胞摄取4 h后可从溶酶体中部分逃逸, 提示Lipo-HHPA具有更好的抗肿瘤效果。同时考察Lipo-HHPA-HMME的细胞经时摄取情况, 结果见图 6。从图中可以看出, 随着摄取时间的延长, 药物的摄取量显著增加, 说明Lipo-HHPA-HMME的摄取具有时间依赖性。
在药物靶向传递过程中, 所使用的载体本身应无毒、具有良好的生物相容性。因此, 首先考察空白Lipo-HHPA的体外细胞毒性(图 7), 将不同浓度的Lipo-HHPA与MCF-7细胞孵育24 h后, 并未对细胞存活率产生显著影响, 当质量浓度高达1 000 μg·mL-1, 细胞存活率仍超过90%, 这表明空白载体本身的细胞毒性很小。
Lipo-HHPA-HMME在超声和非超声条件下的细胞毒性结果见图 8。从图中可以看出, 在无超声激发条件下(图 8A), 游离HMME、Lipo-HHPA-HMME及Lipo-HMME均具有一定的细胞毒性, 这可能是由于HMME作为光敏剂, 在实验过程中难以做到完全闭光, 因此具有一定的毒性。相对于Lipo-HMME, 游离HMME具有更强的细胞毒性, 这可能是由于游离药物更易进入细胞直接发挥作用, 被Lipo包裹的HMME毒性有所降低, 这可能也是临床应用中脂质体药物毒性降低的原因。Lipo-HHPA-HMME组相对于其他组具有更强的细胞毒性, 这可能是由于Lipo-HHPA协助HMME逃逸溶酶体降解, 从而发挥更强的细胞毒性。
超声触发后, 3组药物的细胞毒性均显著增强(图 8B), 说明超声可激发HMME产生ROS导致更强细胞毒性, 游离HMME相对于其他组毒性最低, 这是由于脂质体在ROS条件下迅速破坏, 导致HMME快速释放, 该结果与体外释放结果一致。Lipo-HHPA-HMME组显示出最强细胞毒性, 表明逃逸溶酶体降解可提高药物的抗肿瘤效果。从细胞形态图(图 8C)可以看出, 未经处理的细胞伸展良好, 形态规则, 单纯超声对细胞形态并无显著影响, Lipo-HMME组与Lipo-HHPA-HMME组均可导致细胞发生明显变化, Lipo-HHPA-HMME组毒性最大, 处理后的细胞明显变圆, 失去原形貌。以上结果表明, Lipo-HHPA有助于协助HMME逃逸溶酶体降解, 可显著提高药物的细胞毒性。由于脂质体可通过高通透性和滞留效应(enhanced permeability and retention, EPR)进入肿瘤部位, 常作为抗肿瘤药物载体[11], 因此所构建的电荷反转型脂质体有利于提高药物的抗肿瘤效果, 降低药物毒性。
本文合成了Chol-PEI-HHPA, 并利用其构建了具有电荷反转功能的脂质体用于负载声敏剂HMME。所制备的脂质体外观均一, 成类球形, 平均粒径约为100 nm。体外释放结果显示, 超声可显著提高药物的释放速率, 2 h释放从26.3%提高到70.3%。所构建的Lipo-HHPA在低pH条件下可实现电荷反转, 同时可促进药物逃逸溶酶体的降解, 提高药物的细胞毒性, 超声的激发可进一步提高载体的抗肿瘤效果。以上研究结果为新型抗肿瘤药物载体的构建提供一定的研究数据, 同时也为敏感释放药物载体的构建及肿瘤特异性治疗提供了新的思路。
  • 浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LY14H300001)
  • 国家博士后基金项目(2015M580404)
  • 国家博士后基金项目(2016T90433)
  • 江苏省博士后基金项目(1402075B)
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2017年第52卷第10期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2017-0431
  • 接收时间:2017-05-02
  • 首发时间:2026-01-14
  • 出版时间:2017-10-12
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  • 收稿日期:2017-05-02
  • 修回日期:2017-06-13
基金
浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LY14H300001)
国家博士后基金项目(2015M580404)
国家博士后基金项目(2016T90433)
江苏省博士后基金项目(1402075B)
作者信息
    1.宁波市泌尿肾病医院, 浙江 宁波 315100
    2.江西中医药大学, 江西 南昌 330004
    3.江苏大学药学院, 江苏 镇江 212013

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* 马卫成, Tel:86-574-83038595, E-mail:
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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