Article(id=1218263913175634840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1218263903193186623, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2016-1233, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1482854400000, receivedDateStr=2016-12-28, revisedDate=1487865600000, revisedDateStr=2017-02-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768386351150, onlineDateStr=2026-01-14, pubDate=1494518400000, pubDateStr=2017-05-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768386351150, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768386351150, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768386351150, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1218263903193186623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2017', volume='52', issue='5', pageStart='659', pageEnd='836', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768386348769, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768386557932, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218264780536726401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1218263903193186623, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218264780536726402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1218263903193186623, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=790, endPage=794, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1218263913624425423, articleId=1218263913175634840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Comparative study of duloxetine pharmacokinetics in normal and diabetic rats, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The study was aimed to establish a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of the duloxetine concentration in rat plasma, and compare the pharmacokinetics in normal and diabetes mellitus rat models. Diazepam was used as an internal standard. The separation was achieved on a Waters Xterra® RP18 column (100 mm × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of methanol-0.3% formic acid containing 5 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate (75:25) at the flow rate of 0.6 mL·min-1. Electrospray ionization source was applied and operated in the positive multiple reaction monitoring mode. A good linearity of duloxetine was obtained in the concentration range of 10-5 000 ng·mL-1. The rat models of diabetes mellitus were established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The same dose of duloxetine (40 mg·kg-1) was given by intragastric administration to the normal and diabetic rats. Blood samples were collected from the orbital venous plexus to determinate duloxetine concentration in the plasma. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS software. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software. The major pharma-cokinetic parameters of diabetes group were as follows: Cmax was 1 185 ± 190.0 ng·mL-1; AUC0-∞ was 8 398 ± 1 835 ng·mL-1·h; tmax was 1.6 ± 0.4 h; t1/2z was 3.6 ± 0.9 h. The major pharmacokinetic parameters of normal group were as follows: Cmax was 368.1 ± 40.7 ng·mL-1; AUC0-∞ was 4145 ± 640.1 ng·mL-1·h; tmax was 1.6 ± 0.3 h; t1/2z was 4.1 ± 0.8 h. The results of pharmacokinetic experiments suggest that the exposure amount of duloxetine in diabetic rats is twice higher than that in normal rats.

, correspAuthors=Quan-ying ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2017 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Guang-hao NIU, Quan-ying ZHANG, Meng-meng WANG, Yun-li YU, Yi-fang ZHU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1218263914425536554, articleId=1218263913175634840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=度洛西汀在正常大鼠和糖尿病大鼠体内的药代动力学比较研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

建立测定大鼠血浆中度洛西汀浓度的液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS),并比较研究度洛西汀在正常和糖尿病大鼠的药代动力学。以地西泮为内标,色谱柱为Waters Xterra® RP18(100mm×4.6mm,3.5μm),以甲醇-含0.3%甲酸的5mmol·L-1醋酸铵水溶液(75:25)为流动相,流速为0.6mL·min-1,用电喷雾离子源,正离子多反应监测,分析时间5.5min。度洛西汀血浆在10~5000ng·mL-1浓度内线性关系良好。采用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素的方法建立糖尿病大鼠模型,与正常大鼠相同剂量(40mg·kg-1)灌胃给予度洛西汀,于眼眶静脉丛采血测定血药浓度,用DAS软件计算药动学参数,用SPSS软件进行统计分析。主要药代动力学参数结果表明,糖尿病组:Cmax为1185±190.0ng·mL-1、AUC0-∞为8398±1835ng·mL-1·h、tmax为1.6±0.4h、t1/2z为3.6±0.9h;正常组:Cmax为368.1±40.7ng·mL-1、AUC0-∞为4145±640.1ng·mL-1·h、tmax为1.6±0.3h、t1/2z为4.1±0.8h。结果表明,度洛西汀在糖尿病模型大鼠体内的暴露量显著高于正常大鼠,约是正常大鼠的2倍。

, correspAuthors=张全英, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 张全英, Tel:86-512-67783687, E-mail:
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Nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabe-tes mellitus [J]. N Engl J Med, 1999, 341:1127-1133., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218968439776007075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263913175634840, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu JJ, Hua F, Hu ZW. Advances in the studies of the link between diabetes and cancer [J]. 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J Pharm Pharmacol, 2010, 62: 1-23., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1218968437334922033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263913175634840, awardId=SYSD2015142, language=CN, fundingSource=苏州药学会-常州四药临床药学会科研基金(SYSD2015142), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1218968438643544891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263913175634840, awardId=BK20150302, language=CN, fundingSource=江苏省自然科学基金-青年基金(BK20150302), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1218968431211237626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263913175634840, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218968431215431932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263913175634840, companyId=1218968431211237626, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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Department of Clinical Pharmacology Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218968431345455377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263913175634840, companyId=1218968431320289549, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.苏州大学 附属第二医院临床药理实验室, 江苏 苏州 215004)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1218968436126962353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263913175634840, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=mVlSOK1Q6AmUVbLzhEXMbA==, figureFileBig=cHVT7RSEfjX6H1PbUCxOPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218968436231819968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263913175634840, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption=

Representative LC-MS/MS chromatograms of duloxetine (DUL) and diazepam (IS). A: Rat blank plasma; B: Rat blank plasma spiked with IS; C: Rat blank plasma spiked with DUL (10.00 ng·mL-1); D: Rat plasma sample spiked with IS of 0.5 h after an intragastric administration at dose of 40 mg·kg-1 DUL

, figureFileSmall=mVlSOK1Q6AmUVbLzhEXMbA==, figureFileBig=cHVT7RSEfjX6H1PbUCxOPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218968436357649101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263913175634840, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=meMdULrHL4I0o3jnmVO/sA==, figureFileBig=TlqqZ+Q8N+efj3CoFOvchQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218968436458312413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263913175634840, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption=

Mean plasma concentration-time curves of duloxetine in normal and diabetic rats after intragastric administration at dose of 40 mg·kg-1. n = 6, $\overline{x}±s$

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Concentration/ng·mL-1 Precisiona Accuracya Stabilitiesb
Intra-day RSD/% Inter-day RSD/% RE/% -30 ℃, for 7 days/% -30 ℃, after third freeze-thaw cycle/% Room temperature, for 6 h/% Process (extracted sample) 4 ℃, for 24 h/%
10.00 5.28 6.91 -13.97-4.03 - - - -
20.00 4.30 7.23 -14.00--1.33 100.82 ± 5.44 100.66 ± 9.02 98.05 ± 8.24 97.54 ± 8.82
1 200 5.80 9.13 -14.25-8.67 100.14 ± 3.01 101.71 ± 9.19 100.37 ± 4.76 102.54 ± 6.29
4 000 6.08 7.30 -14.17-7.44 99.56 ± 2.86 100.36 ± 1.78 100.18 ± 3.66 99.52 ± 4.11
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Precision, accuracy and stabilities of duloxetine in rat plasma sample. an = 6, bn = 3, $\overline{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Concentration/ng·mL-1 Precisiona Accuracya Stabilitiesb
Intra-day RSD/% Inter-day RSD/% RE/% -30 ℃, for 7 days/% -30 ℃, after third freeze-thaw cycle/% Room temperature, for 6 h/% Process (extracted sample) 4 ℃, for 24 h/%
10.00 5.28 6.91 -13.97-4.03 - - - -
20.00 4.30 7.23 -14.00--1.33 100.82 ± 5.44 100.66 ± 9.02 98.05 ± 8.24 97.54 ± 8.82
1 200 5.80 9.13 -14.25-8.67 100.14 ± 3.01 101.71 ± 9.19 100.37 ± 4.76 102.54 ± 6.29
4 000 6.08 7.30 -14.17-7.44 99.56 ± 2.86 100.36 ± 1.78 100.18 ± 3.66 99.52 ± 4.11
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Parameter Normal Diabetes
AUC0-t/ng·mL-1·h 4 037 ± 655.6 8 273 ± 1 793*
AUC0-∞/ng·mL-1·h 4 145 ± 640.1 8 398 ± 1 835*
MRT0-t/h 7.2 ± 0.3 5.5 ± 0.5*
MRT0-∞/h 7.9 ± 0.6 5.9 ± 0.6*
t1/2z /h 4.1 ± 0.8 3.6 ± 0.9
Vz/F /L·kg-1 58.8 ± 15.8 25.5 ± 7.1*
CLz/F /L·h-1·kg-1 9.8 ± 1.4 5.0 ± 1.1*
Cmax/ng·mL-1 368.1 ± 40.7 1 185 ± 190.0*
tmax/h 1.6 ± 0.3 1.6 ± 0.4
), ArticleFig(id=1218968436974211853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263913175634840, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

Pharmacokinetic parameters of duloxetine in normal and diabetic rats after intragastric administration. n = 6, $\overline{x}±s$. *P < 0.05 vs normal group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Parameter Normal Diabetes
AUC0-t/ng·mL-1·h 4 037 ± 655.6 8 273 ± 1 793*
AUC0-∞/ng·mL-1·h 4 145 ± 640.1 8 398 ± 1 835*
MRT0-t/h 7.2 ± 0.3 5.5 ± 0.5*
MRT0-∞/h 7.9 ± 0.6 5.9 ± 0.6*
t1/2z /h 4.1 ± 0.8 3.6 ± 0.9
Vz/F /L·kg-1 58.8 ± 15.8 25.5 ± 7.1*
CLz/F /L·h-1·kg-1 9.8 ± 1.4 5.0 ± 1.1*
Cmax/ng·mL-1 368.1 ± 40.7 1 185 ± 190.0*
tmax/h 1.6 ± 0.3 1.6 ± 0.4
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度洛西汀在正常大鼠和糖尿病大鼠体内的药代动力学比较研究
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牛广豪 1 , 张全英 1, 2, * , 王猛猛 2 , 俞蕴莉 2 , 朱艺芳 2
药学学报 | 研究论文 2017,52(5): 790-794
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2017, 52(5): 790-794
度洛西汀在正常大鼠和糖尿病大鼠体内的药代动力学比较研究
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牛广豪1, 张全英1, 2, * , 王猛猛2, 俞蕴莉2, 朱艺芳2
作者信息
  • 1.苏州大学 医学部药学院, 江苏 苏州 215000
  • 2.苏州大学 附属第二医院临床药理实验室, 江苏 苏州 215004

通讯作者:

* 张全英, Tel:86-512-67783687, E-mail:
Comparative study of duloxetine pharmacokinetics in normal and diabetic rats
Guang-hao NIU1, Quan-ying ZHANG1, 2, * , Meng-meng WANG2, Yun-li YU2, Yi-fang ZHU2
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Pharmaceutical Science, Suzhou 215000, China
  • 2. Department of Clinical Pharmacology Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
出版时间: 2017-05-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2016-1233
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建立测定大鼠血浆中度洛西汀浓度的液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS),并比较研究度洛西汀在正常和糖尿病大鼠的药代动力学。以地西泮为内标,色谱柱为Waters Xterra® RP18(100mm×4.6mm,3.5μm),以甲醇-含0.3%甲酸的5mmol·L-1醋酸铵水溶液(75:25)为流动相,流速为0.6mL·min-1,用电喷雾离子源,正离子多反应监测,分析时间5.5min。度洛西汀血浆在10~5000ng·mL-1浓度内线性关系良好。采用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素的方法建立糖尿病大鼠模型,与正常大鼠相同剂量(40mg·kg-1)灌胃给予度洛西汀,于眼眶静脉丛采血测定血药浓度,用DAS软件计算药动学参数,用SPSS软件进行统计分析。主要药代动力学参数结果表明,糖尿病组:Cmax为1185±190.0ng·mL-1、AUC0-∞为8398±1835ng·mL-1·h、tmax为1.6±0.4h、t1/2z为3.6±0.9h;正常组:Cmax为368.1±40.7ng·mL-1、AUC0-∞为4145±640.1ng·mL-1·h、tmax为1.6±0.3h、t1/2z为4.1±0.8h。结果表明,度洛西汀在糖尿病模型大鼠体内的暴露量显著高于正常大鼠,约是正常大鼠的2倍。

度洛西汀  /  糖尿病  /  药代动力学  /  液相色谱-串联质谱

The study was aimed to establish a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of the duloxetine concentration in rat plasma, and compare the pharmacokinetics in normal and diabetes mellitus rat models. Diazepam was used as an internal standard. The separation was achieved on a Waters Xterra® RP18 column (100 mm × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of methanol-0.3% formic acid containing 5 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate (75:25) at the flow rate of 0.6 mL·min-1. Electrospray ionization source was applied and operated in the positive multiple reaction monitoring mode. A good linearity of duloxetine was obtained in the concentration range of 10-5 000 ng·mL-1. The rat models of diabetes mellitus were established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The same dose of duloxetine (40 mg·kg-1) was given by intragastric administration to the normal and diabetic rats. Blood samples were collected from the orbital venous plexus to determinate duloxetine concentration in the plasma. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS software. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software. The major pharma-cokinetic parameters of diabetes group were as follows: Cmax was 1 185 ± 190.0 ng·mL-1; AUC0-∞ was 8 398 ± 1 835 ng·mL-1·h; tmax was 1.6 ± 0.4 h; t1/2z was 3.6 ± 0.9 h. The major pharmacokinetic parameters of normal group were as follows: Cmax was 368.1 ± 40.7 ng·mL-1; AUC0-∞ was 4145 ± 640.1 ng·mL-1·h; tmax was 1.6 ± 0.3 h; t1/2z was 4.1 ± 0.8 h. The results of pharmacokinetic experiments suggest that the exposure amount of duloxetine in diabetic rats is twice higher than that in normal rats.

duloxetine  /  diabetes  /  pharmacokinetics  /  LC-MS/MS
牛广豪, 张全英, 王猛猛, 俞蕴莉, 朱艺芳. 度洛西汀在正常大鼠和糖尿病大鼠体内的药代动力学比较研究. 药学学报, 2017 , 52 (5) : 790 -794 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2016-1233
Guang-hao NIU, Quan-ying ZHANG, Meng-meng WANG, Yun-li YU, Yi-fang ZHU. Comparative study of duloxetine pharmacokinetics in normal and diabetic rats[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2017 , 52 (5) : 790 -794 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2016-1233
度洛西汀 (duloxetine, DUL) 是一种选择性5-羟色胺 (5-HT) 和去甲肾上腺素 (NE) 再摄取双重抑制剂, 通过提高中枢神经系统中5-HT和NE的浓度调控情感、抑制对疼痛的敏感程度[1]。度洛西汀口服给药后, 在人体的tmax约为6 h, t1/2约为12 h; 在大鼠体内的tmax约为2 h, t1/2约为3 h, 绝对生物利用度约为21%。大鼠体内的主要代谢产物与人体内的相同, 代谢物均没有药理活性[1, 2]。一项大鼠的放射性同位素标记实验表明, 度洛西汀的生物利用度约为82%, 原形药物的AUC仅占总放射量的4%[2]
在糖尿病患者中, 度洛西汀主要用于治疗糖尿病周围神经痛和伴糖尿病的抑郁症。有研究报道, 在糖尿病病理状态下, 机体的一些代谢酶和转运蛋白也会发生变化[3, 4]。临床上, 糖尿病患者也往往伴随有心脑血管、肝脏、肾脏等器质性病变, 甚至会有癌症的发生[5-7]。因此, 糖尿病状态下度洛西汀的药代动力学变化, 可能是其药效和不良反应的重要影响因素。随着度洛西汀的广泛应用, 其不良反应的报道也逐渐增多[8]。已有文献报道度洛西汀用于糖尿病神经痛患者时, 不良反应发生率高于安慰剂组2倍以上, 主要为恶心、头晕、困倦等[9]。然而, 尚未有研究报道度洛西汀在糖尿病状态的药代动力学特征。本文旨在建立LC-MS/MS法测定大鼠血浆中度洛西汀的浓度, 并比较正常及糖尿病状态下大鼠体内的药代动力学差异。
试药 盐酸度洛西汀:迈基生物, 批号: DHS151012Y, 含量99%;地西泮, 购自中国食品药品检定研究院, 批号: 171225200302, 含量100%。链脲佐菌素 (streptozotocin, STZ): Sigma公司, 批号: WXBB6772V, 含量≥98%。
动物 SD雄性大鼠, 清洁级, 体重 (180 ± 20) g, 上海斯莱克实验动物有限责任公司, 许可证号: SCXK (沪) 2012-0002。
仪器 Agilent 1260高效液相色谱仪, Agilent公司; API-4000型三重四极杆串联质谱仪, Applied Biosystem Sciex公司。
色谱条件 色谱柱: Waters Xterra® RP18 (4.6 mm × 100 mm, 3.5 μm), 预柱: Phenomenex Security GuardTM C18 (4.0 mm × 3.0 mm); 流动相:甲醇-含0.3%甲酸的5 mmol·L-1醋酸铵水溶液 (75:25);柱温20 ℃; 流速0.6 mL·min-1; 进样体积5 μL; 每个样本的分析时间为5.5 min。
质谱条件 电喷雾 (ESI) 离子源, 正离子电离模式, 多反应监测 (MRM) 扫描方式, 碰撞气: 6 psi (1 psi ≈ 6.9 kPa), 气帘气: 10 psi, 雾化气: 60 psi, 加热辅助气: 50 psi, 电喷雾电压: 3 500 V, 离子源温度 (TEM) 550 ℃; 待测物和内标 (IS) 的检测离子分别为:度洛西汀: m/z 298.2→154.0, 地西泮 (IS): m/z 285.5→154.0。
糖尿病大鼠模型的建立 选健康大鼠禁食12 h, 现配STZ溶液 (溶剂: pH 4.3枸橼酸/枸橼酸钠缓冲溶液), 按照剂量65 mg·kg-1腹腔注射, 3天后测空腹血糖, 空腹血糖高于11.1 mmol·L-1的大鼠选入糖尿病模型组[10]
大鼠血样的采集 糖尿病模型组大鼠 (n = 6) 与正常组大鼠 (n = 6) 同等条件下饲养3天后, 禁食不禁水12 h。将盐酸度洛西汀用水溶解后灌胃给药 (40 mg·kg-1), 分别于给药前 (0 h) 及给药后0.5、1、1.5、2、3、5、8、11、24 h从眼眶静脉丛取血0.5 mL置于经肝素处理的离心管中, 离心10 min (3 000 r·min-1), 分离血浆, 于-30 ℃保存待测。
标准系列样品和质控样品的制备 取大鼠空白血浆48 μL, 依次加入度洛西汀系列标准曲线工作液或系列质控工作液2 μL, 制备成10.00、30.00、100.0、300.0、1 000、2 000、3 500和5 000 ng·mL-1系列标准血浆样品和10.00 ng·mL-1 (LLOQ)、20.00 ng·mL-1 (QCL)、1 200 ng·mL-1 (QCM)、4 000 ng·mL-1 (QCH) 系列质控血浆样品。
血浆样品预处理 吸取待测大鼠血浆样品50 μL至离心管中, 加入内标工作液10 μL, 加入甲醇140 μL沉淀蛋白, 涡旋1 min, 于15 000 r·min-1、4 ℃离心10 min, 吸取上清液10 μL至另一离心管, 加流动相190 μL, 涡旋混匀后5 μL进样分析。
数据处理 采用DAS 3.2.3 (上海博佳医药科技有限公司) 软件, 分别处理测得的血药浓度数据, 得到非房室模型统计矩参数, 其中Cmaxtmax均为实测值, AUC计算方法为线性梯形法。将正常组和糖尿病组的各药代动力学参数 (tmax除外) 经对数转换后, 用SPSS 22 (IBM) 软件进行独立样本的t检验 (α = 0.05), tmax进行Mann-Witney U检验 (α = 0.05)。
方法学考察
特异性 按“血浆样品预处理”项操作, 分别考察6种不同来源的大鼠空白血浆不加内标样本、空白血浆加入内标样本、空白血浆加入度洛西汀样本、给药后大鼠血浆加入内标样本, 并记录相应的色谱图。
标准曲线与线性范围 取大鼠标准血浆系列样品50 μL, 按“血浆样品预处理”项操作, 以度洛西汀的加入浓度Cx轴, 以待测物As与内标Ai的峰面积比值 (f = As/Ai) 为y轴进行权重回归 (权重系数为1/C2)。
最低定量限与精密度和准确度 取度洛西汀血浆质控系列样品 (LLOQ、QCL、QCM、QCH) 每种浓度6份, 按“血浆样品预处理”项操作, 连续测定3个分析批, 以随行标准曲线计算最低定量限与质控样品的浓度, 将同一浓度3个批次共18个样品的实测浓度进行单因素方差分析, 计算批内、批间精密度 (RSD) 和准确度 (RE)。
回收率 取度洛西汀血浆质控系列样品 (QCL、QCM、QCH) 每种浓度6份, 按“血浆样品预处理”项操作, 以其进样得到的峰面积除以空白血浆经处理后直接加入低、中、高3种相应质量浓度的度洛西汀质控工作液及内标工作液后进样得到的峰面积, 计算血浆中度洛西汀和内标的提取回收率。
基质效应 按“血浆样品预处理”项操作, 处理6种不同来源空白血浆 (每种来源3个), 得到空白血浆基质后, 分别加入低、中、高3种质量浓度的度洛西汀质控工作液及内标工作液, 以其进样得到的峰面积除以同种操作下以水代替空白血浆的待测物峰面积, 计算血浆中内源性物质对度洛西汀和内标的绝对基质效应, 再以度洛西汀的绝对基质效应除以内标的绝对基质效应, 得到度洛西汀的内标归一化的基质效应因子。
稳定性 根据样品制备与分析过程, 分别考察了血浆低、中、高3种质量浓度的质控样品在-30 ℃冷冻7天、-30 ℃反复冻融3次、4 ℃放置24 h、室温放置6 h、样品处理后进样器放置24 h的稳定性, 其中每个条件下每种浓度的样品平行制备3份。
度洛西汀及内标的峰形良好, 保留时间分别约为2.02 min和3.55 min, 大鼠空白血浆中的内源性物质不干扰测定, 结果如图 1所示。
度洛西汀在大鼠血浆中的典型的线性回归方程为y = 0.008 36 x + 0.016 9, 相关系数为r = 0.999 4, 线性范围为10~5 000 ng·mL-1
大鼠血浆中度洛西汀的精密度和准确度结果见表 1
度洛西汀的提取回收率为80.99%~103.14%, RSD为4.49%~8.12%;内标的提取回收率为82.16%~104.10%, RSD为5.85%。
度洛西汀的内标归一化基质效应为88.16%~104.84%, RSD≤5.71%。
稳定性考察结果见表 1, 所有样本实测浓度与加入浓度比较, 均满足RE在±15%以内, RSD ≤15%, 在本文所考察范围内度洛西汀的稳定性良好。
度洛西汀在正常和糖尿病模型大鼠体内的血药浓度-时间曲线见图 2, 主要药代动力学参数及统计分析结果见表 2
本文建立了测定大鼠血浆中的度洛西汀浓度的LC-MS/MS法, 方法准确、简便、快速。采用甲醇直接沉淀血浆蛋白, 操作简便, 快速高效。
从度洛西汀在正常和糖尿病模型大鼠的血药浓度-时间曲线及药代动力学参数可知:和正常组相比, 糖尿病组的MRT0-t与MRT0-∞均显著减小, 原因可能是度洛西汀主要经肾排泄, 其中70%的度洛西汀经尿液排出[11], 而糖尿病状态下大鼠的尿量增加甚至可能存在肾损伤[12], 进而导致药物的排泄加快。另外, 度洛西汀主要经CYP1A2代谢[1], 有文献报道糖尿病患者体内的CYP1A2的活性增强[13], 这也是糖尿病组MRT减小的可能原因之一。tmax在两组间无显著性差异, 说明糖尿病状态下不会影响药物的达峰时间。尽管糖尿病状态下度洛西汀的MRT降低, 体内消除加快, 但是糖尿病组体内暴露量 (Cmax、AUC0-t与AUC0-∞) 显著增大, 分别是正常组药动学参数的3、2、2倍。同时由于糖尿病状态下度洛西汀的体内暴露量显著增大, 导致相同剂量下表观分布容积 (Vz/F) 显著减小。上述结果说明在糖尿病状态下, 度洛西汀药物的吸收显著增强, 可能源于大鼠胃肠道功能异常, 药物的吸收过程发生改变, 具体原因还有待进一步探索。
药物的不良反应通常与体内暴露量相关。度洛西汀用于糖尿病神经痛患者时不良反应发生率高于安慰剂组2倍, 主要为恶心、头晕、困倦等[9]。度洛西汀在糖尿病患者体内不良反应的发生率增加可能源于其暴露量的增大。该结果提示在临床应用中, 需关注糖尿病患者体内度洛西汀的暴露量, 如暴露量增加可以考虑在不影响疗效的基础上调整糖尿病患者的用药剂量。
  • 苏州药学会-常州四药临床药学会科研基金(SYSD2015142)
  • 江苏省自然科学基金-青年基金(BK20150302)
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2016-1233
  • 接收时间:2016-12-28
  • 首发时间:2026-01-14
  • 出版时间:2017-05-12
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  • 收稿日期:2016-12-28
  • 修回日期:2017-02-24
基金
苏州药学会-常州四药临床药学会科研基金(SYSD2015142)
江苏省自然科学基金-青年基金(BK20150302)
作者信息
    1.苏州大学 医学部药学院, 江苏 苏州 215000
    2.苏州大学 附属第二医院临床药理实验室, 江苏 苏州 215004

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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