Article(id=1241779368234647993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1241779355555266850, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.05.18, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1689177600000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773992872532, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1717084800000, pubDateStr=2024-05-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773992872532, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773992872532, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773992872532, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241779355555266850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='5', pageStart='737', pageEnd='920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773992869509, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773992925624, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241779590985749489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1241779355555266850, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241779590985749490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1241779355555266850, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=893, endPage=902, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241779368582775240, articleId=1241779368234647993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Fingerprinting and network pharmacology based quality markers of Lilii Bulbus*, columnId=1239148841803501731, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Quality Control, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To provide a basis for determining the quality markers(Q-Marker) of Lilii Bulbus decoction prepared slices by analyzing the Q-Marker of Lilii Bulbus by fingerprint,multi-component content determination and network pharmacology.

Methods:

The fingerprints of 15 batches of Lilii Bulbus prepared slices were established by HPLC,and the common peaks were analyzed chemometrically to screen out the differential components. The contents of the differential components were determined to compare the differences between samples from different habitats. The main pathways through which the differential components of Lilii Bulbus exert their antidepressant effects were analyzed based on network pharmacology,and the differential components were subjected to in vitro cellular antidepressant assays,and finally the Q-Markers of Lilii Bulbus prepared slices were analyzed based on the principle of quality marker screening.

Results:

Sixteen common peaks were identified in the 15 batches of Lilii Bulbus extracts,all with similarities above 0.931,7 of which were identified and 4 differential components were screened using chemometrics. The content of the components of regaloside A,regaloside B,and regaloside C were determined in the 15 batches of Lilii Bulbus extracts,and the network pharmacological study revealed that the differential components might exert their antidepressant effects through the targets of TNF,GAPDH and MAPK3,regulating. The results of cellular experiments showed that compared with the model group,the cellular viability of the low,medium and high dose groups of Lilii Bulbus extract was significantly increased (P<0.01),and the cellular viability of the low,medium and high dose groups of regaloside A,regaloside B,and regaloside C was significantly increased (P<0.01).

Conclusion:

The fingerprinting and network pharmacology studies suggested that regaloside A,regaloside B,and regaloside C as quality markers of Lilii Bulbus prepared slices,which can provide reference for Lilii Bulbus quality control and pharmacological efficacy studies.

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目的:

通过指纹图谱、多成分含量测定和网络药理学对百合质量标志物进行分析,为确定百合饮片的质量标志物提供依据。

方法:

采用HPLC法建立15批百合饮片的指纹图谱,对共有峰进行化学计量学分析,筛选出差异成分;对差异成分进行多成分含量测定,比较不同产地的区别,基于网络药理学分析百合差异成分发挥抗抑郁药效的主要途径,并将差异成分进行体外细胞抗抑郁实验,最后基于质量标志物筛选原则分析百合饮片的Q-Marker。

结果:

15批百合饮片确定了16个共有峰,相似度均>0.931,指认了其中7个共有峰,利用化学计量学筛选出4个差异成分;测定15批百合饮片中王百合苷A、王百合苷B、王百合苷C 3个成分的含量;网络药理学研究发现差异成分可能通过TNF、GAPDH、MAPK3等靶点调节氧化应激反应,保护神经元突触结构,促进单胺类神经递质含量增加等途径来发挥抗抑郁作用;细胞实验结果显示,与模型组相比,百合提取物低、中、高剂量组细胞活力显著提高(P<0.01),王百合苷A、王百合苷B、王百合苷C低、中、高剂量组细胞活力显著提高(P<0.01)。

结论:

通过指纹图谱和网络药理学研究,建议将王百合苷A、王百合苷B、王百合苷C作为百合饮片的质量标志物,可为百合质量控制和药效研究提供参考。

, correspAuthors=张宏伟, 张振凌, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
** 张振凌 Tel:(0371)65680970;E-mail:;
张宏伟 Tel:18203678462;E-mail:
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Tel:15890609192;E-mail:

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3.王百合苷C(regaloside C) 4.绿原酸(chlorogenic acid) 6.王百合苷A(regaloside A) 10.王百合苷E(regaloside E) 11.对香豆酸(cis-4-coumaric acid) 14.王百合苷B(regaloside B) 15.秋水仙碱(colchicine)

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D.对照组(control group) M.模型组(model group) F.阳性药组(positive drug group)

, figureFileSmall=2Ryu963wIjrspud/M38B1g==, figureFileBig=+CZp9gj2fVE+Wh0YvsHRfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241779381882913700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779368234647993, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Determination results of 15 batches of Lilii Bulbus prepared slices

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品序号
(sample No.)
含量(content)/%
王百合苷C
(regaloside C)
王百合苷A
(regaloside A)
王百合苷B
(regaloside B)
S10.059 30.351 60.286 5
S20.058 40.345 90.283 6
S30.058 30.336 70.276 4
S40.063 60.404 60.209 2
S50.057 50.388 60.213 7
S60.062 50.394 50.207 5
S70.048 70.350 50.365 5
S80.040 20.340 10.365 7
S90.039 80.356 70.377 1
S100.048 20.292 60.269 9
S110.047 40.293 70.257 2
S120.049 60.294 30.271 6
S130.052 50.259 00.339 4
S140.051 20.255 30.333 8
S150.052 40.255 90.332 9
), ArticleFig(id=1241779381962605481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779368234647993, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

15批百合饮片含量测定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品序号
(sample No.)
含量(content)/%
王百合苷C
(regaloside C)
王百合苷A
(regaloside A)
王百合苷B
(regaloside B)
S10.059 30.351 60.286 5
S20.058 40.345 90.283 6
S30.058 30.336 70.276 4
S40.063 60.404 60.209 2
S50.057 50.388 60.213 7
S60.062 50.394 50.207 5
S70.048 70.350 50.365 5
S80.040 20.340 10.365 7
S90.039 80.356 70.377 1
S100.048 20.292 60.269 9
S110.047 40.293 70.257 2
S120.049 60.294 30.271 6
S130.052 50.259 00.339 4
S140.051 20.255 30.333 8
S150.052 40.255 90.332 9
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基于指纹图谱及网络药理学的百合质量标志物研究*
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赵永琪 , 张宏伟 ** , 张振凌 ** , 李雅静 , 王一鸣
药物分析杂志 | 质量分析 2024,44(5): 893-902
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药物分析杂志 | 质量分析 2024, 44(5): 893-902
基于指纹图谱及网络药理学的百合质量标志物研究*
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赵永琪 , 张宏伟** , 张振凌** , 李雅静, 王一鸣
作者信息
  • 河南中医药大学 豫药全产业链研发河南省协同创新中心 河南省中药特色炮制技术工程研究中心河南省中药生产一体化工程技术研究中心,郑州 450046
  • Tel:15890609192;E-mail:

通讯作者:

** 张振凌 Tel:(0371)65680970;E-mail:;
张宏伟 Tel:18203678462;E-mail:
Fingerprinting and network pharmacology based quality markers of Lilii Bulbus*
Yong-qi ZHAO , Hong-wei ZHANG** , Zhen-ling ZHANG** , Ya-jing LI, Yi-ming WANG
Affiliations
  • Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan Province, Henan Engineering Research Center of Chinese Traditional Medicine Special Processing Technology, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Integrated Production of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
出版时间: 2024-05-31 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.05.18
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目的:

通过指纹图谱、多成分含量测定和网络药理学对百合质量标志物进行分析,为确定百合饮片的质量标志物提供依据。

方法:

采用HPLC法建立15批百合饮片的指纹图谱,对共有峰进行化学计量学分析,筛选出差异成分;对差异成分进行多成分含量测定,比较不同产地的区别,基于网络药理学分析百合差异成分发挥抗抑郁药效的主要途径,并将差异成分进行体外细胞抗抑郁实验,最后基于质量标志物筛选原则分析百合饮片的Q-Marker。

结果:

15批百合饮片确定了16个共有峰,相似度均>0.931,指认了其中7个共有峰,利用化学计量学筛选出4个差异成分;测定15批百合饮片中王百合苷A、王百合苷B、王百合苷C 3个成分的含量;网络药理学研究发现差异成分可能通过TNF、GAPDH、MAPK3等靶点调节氧化应激反应,保护神经元突触结构,促进单胺类神经递质含量增加等途径来发挥抗抑郁作用;细胞实验结果显示,与模型组相比,百合提取物低、中、高剂量组细胞活力显著提高(P<0.01),王百合苷A、王百合苷B、王百合苷C低、中、高剂量组细胞活力显著提高(P<0.01)。

结论:

通过指纹图谱和网络药理学研究,建议将王百合苷A、王百合苷B、王百合苷C作为百合饮片的质量标志物,可为百合质量控制和药效研究提供参考。

百合  /  质量标志物  /  指纹图谱  /  多成分含量测定  /  网络药理学  /  抗抑郁
Objective:

To provide a basis for determining the quality markers(Q-Marker) of Lilii Bulbus decoction prepared slices by analyzing the Q-Marker of Lilii Bulbus by fingerprint,multi-component content determination and network pharmacology.

Methods:

The fingerprints of 15 batches of Lilii Bulbus prepared slices were established by HPLC,and the common peaks were analyzed chemometrically to screen out the differential components. The contents of the differential components were determined to compare the differences between samples from different habitats. The main pathways through which the differential components of Lilii Bulbus exert their antidepressant effects were analyzed based on network pharmacology,and the differential components were subjected to in vitro cellular antidepressant assays,and finally the Q-Markers of Lilii Bulbus prepared slices were analyzed based on the principle of quality marker screening.

Results:

Sixteen common peaks were identified in the 15 batches of Lilii Bulbus extracts,all with similarities above 0.931,7 of which were identified and 4 differential components were screened using chemometrics. The content of the components of regaloside A,regaloside B,and regaloside C were determined in the 15 batches of Lilii Bulbus extracts,and the network pharmacological study revealed that the differential components might exert their antidepressant effects through the targets of TNF,GAPDH and MAPK3,regulating. The results of cellular experiments showed that compared with the model group,the cellular viability of the low,medium and high dose groups of Lilii Bulbus extract was significantly increased (P<0.01),and the cellular viability of the low,medium and high dose groups of regaloside A,regaloside B,and regaloside C was significantly increased (P<0.01).

Conclusion:

The fingerprinting and network pharmacology studies suggested that regaloside A,regaloside B,and regaloside C as quality markers of Lilii Bulbus prepared slices,which can provide reference for Lilii Bulbus quality control and pharmacological efficacy studies.

Lilii Bulbus  /  quality markers  /  fingerprinting  /  multi-component content determination  /  network pharmacology  /  antidepressant
赵永琪, 张宏伟, 张振凌, 李雅静, 王一鸣. 基于指纹图谱及网络药理学的百合质量标志物研究*. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (5) : 893 -902 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.05.18
Yong-qi ZHAO, Hong-wei ZHANG, Zhen-ling ZHANG, Ya-jing LI, Yi-ming WANG. Fingerprinting and network pharmacology based quality markers of Lilii Bulbus*[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (5) : 893 -902 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.05.18
抑郁症是以情绪低落、思维迟缓、意志力减退、认知功能损害为主要临床表现的一种精神类疾病,其致病机制复杂[1]。中医理论认为,抑郁症多由心、肾、脾亏虚而造成的气滞、痰阻、血瘀所致,故中医临床上治疗抑郁症多以益气补虚、调心安神为主[2]。百合为百合科植物卷丹Lilium lancifolium Thunb.、百合Lilium brownii F. E. Brown var. viridulum Baker或细叶百合Lilium pumilum DC.的干燥肉质鳞叶,其性甘、寒,归心、肺经,具有养阴润肺、清心安神的功效[3]。现代研究表明,百合含有多糖类、皂苷类、酚类、生物碱类、黄酮类等化学成分[4],具有较好的抗抑郁作用[5]。早在东汉时期,张仲景就在百合地黄汤中利用百合来治疗与抑郁症相似的百合病[6],之后唐《备急千金要方》[7]、宋《圣济总录》[8]、明《医宗必读》[9]等医药典籍中均有类似应用的记载,现代临床上也常配伍其他药味来治疗抑郁症,如百合知母汤、百合鸡子汤、百合洗方等[10]。肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤细胞(PC-12)具有神经细胞的一般特性,可用来模拟海马神经元,通过皮质酮诱导PC-12细胞损伤来建立抑郁症体外模型[11]
中药质量标志物(quality marker,Q-Marker)基于成分有效性、特有性、可测性、质量传递与溯源性、处方配伍五原则对成分进行分析,在中药质量评价中已广泛应用[12]。2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》(简称《中国药典》)[3]仅通过测定百合多糖的含量来控制百合的质量,缺乏对其他成分的控制。基于此,本实验建立不同产地、不同批次百合的指纹图谱,并利用化学计量学分析百合的差异成分,对其差异成分进行多成分含量测定,以对比不同产地的差异;通过网络药理学对差异成分发挥“静心安神”的药效途径进行研究,并利用皮质酮诱导的PC-12细胞损伤模型进行体外抗抑郁实验,探究差异成分的有效性,以期为百合质量标志物的确定和药理药效研究提供参考。
LC-20AT型高效液相色谱仪(岛津公司,配置SPD-M20A型检测器),Forma 3111细胞培养箱(Thermo Fisher Scientific公司),iMark酶标仪(Bio-Rad公司),Primovert倒置显微镜(Carl Zeiss公司),GTR16-2型高速冷冻离心机(北京时代北利离心机有限公司),BSA224S-CW型万分之一电子天平和BT25S型十万分之一电子天平(赛多利斯科学仪器有限公司),微量移液器(Eppendorf公司),SW-CJ-2FD超净工作台(苏州安泰空气技术有限公司),ZD-F12真空冷冻干燥机(南京载智自动化设备有限公司)。
皮质酮(批号110D022)、RPMI 1640培养基(批号20220915)、胎牛血清(批号725D051),均购自北京索莱宝科技有限公司;盐酸氟西汀(批号Y08M10C87320),对照品绿原酸、对香豆酸(批号分别为B20782、B20335,纯度均≥98%),上海源叶生物科技有限公司;对照品王百合苷A、王百合苷B、王百合苷E、秋水仙碱(批号分别为DSTDW010701、DSTDW007201、DSTDW007501、DST200711-052,纯度≥98%),成都德思特生物技术有限公司;对照品王百合苷C(批号为19071103,纯度≥98%),成都普菲德生物技术有限公司;0.25%胰蛋白酶消化液(批号CR2112114)、Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8试剂盒,批号CR2207041)、Phosphate Buffered Saline溶液(PBS,GA220702 63669),均购自武汉赛维尔生物科技有限公司;水为屈臣氏饮用水和实验室自制超纯水;甲醇、乙腈、磷酸均为分析纯。收集的15批百合药材来自5个产地,分别为湖北恩施(S1~S3)、湖南湘西(S4~S6)、江苏无锡云湖(S7~S9)、江苏无锡张渚(S10~S12)、安徽六安(S13~S15),并经河南中医药大学张振凌教授鉴定为百合科植物卷丹Lilium lancifolium Thunb.的干燥肉质鳞叶。将百合药材经“除去杂质”后为百合饮片,按照2020年版《中国药典》百合项下各项规定(性状、鉴别、检查、浸出物、含量测定),对百合饮片进行质量检测,符合各项标准。
大鼠肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤细胞(PC-12细胞)购自中国科学院上海细胞库。
采用Waters Symmetry C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,流动相为乙腈(A)-0.1%磷酸水溶液(B),梯度洗脱(0~5 min,5%A→12%A;5~15 min,12%A;15~20 min,12%A→16%A;20~26 min,16%A→19%A;26~30 min,19%A;30~33 min,19%A→22%A;33~45 min,22%A→36%A),进样量10 μL,检测波长315 nm,柱温30 ℃,流速1.0 mL·min-1
精密称定本品粉末(过4号筛)约1 g,置50 mL具塞锥形瓶中,精密加入80%甲醇10 mL,称量,超声(100 W,50 kHz)处理30 min,冷却至室温后,以80%甲醇补足减失的量,摇匀,过滤,取续滤液过0.22 μm微孔滤膜,即得。
精密称取各对照品适量,用甲醇配成每1 mL含王百合苷C 0.147 mg、绿原酸0.110 mg、王百合苷A 0.458 mg、王百合苷E 0.136 mg、对香豆酸0.017 mg、王百合苷B 0.414 mg、秋水鲜碱0.021 mg的混合对照品溶液。
称取同一批样品(S3)粉末适量,照“2.1.2”项下方法制备供试品溶液,照“2.1.1”项下色谱条件连续进样6次,以王百合苷A的色谱峰为参照峰S,计算各共有峰的相对保留时间和相对保留峰面积及其RSD。结果各共有峰相对保留时间的RSD在0.031%~0.36%,相对峰面积的RSD在0.98%~1.2%,表明仪器精密度良好。
称取同一批样品(S3)粉末适量,照“2.1.2”项下方法制备供试品溶液,照“2.1.1”项下色谱条件分别在0、2、4、8、12、24 h进样检测,以王百合苷A的色谱峰为参照峰S,计算各共有峰的相对保留时间和相对保留峰面积及其RSD。结果各共有峰相对保留时间的RSD在0.013%~0.73%,相对峰面积的RSD在0.63%~2.3%,表明供试品溶液在24 h内检测质量稳定。
称取同一批样品(S3)粉末适量,照“2.1.2”项下方法平行制备供试品溶液6份,按照“2.1.1”项下色谱条件进样检测,以王百合苷A的色谱峰为参照峰S,计算各共有峰的相对保留时间和相对保留峰面积及其RSD。结果各共有峰相对保留时间的RSD在0.071%~0.33%,相对峰面积的RSD在0.63%~2.7%,表明该方法重复性良好。
将15批百合样品粉末按照“2.1.2”项下方法制备供试品溶液,在“2.1.1”项色谱条件下进样检测,得到15批样品的HPLC色谱图,将其导入《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统》(2012版)软件,以S1图谱作为参照图谱,采用中位数法,时间窗格为0.2 s,进行色谱峰匹配,生成对照图谱,并进行相似度评价。15批百合药材的HPLC图谱的相似度在0.931~1.000。共对照出16个共有峰,并指认出7个共有峰成分,分别为王百合苷C(峰3)、绿原酸(峰4)、王百合苷A(峰6,S峰)、王百合苷E(峰10)、对香豆酸(峰12)、王百合苷B(峰14)、秋水仙碱(峰15),15批百合饮片指纹图谱及对照图谱见图1,混合对照品色谱图见图2
采用SIMCA 14.1软件对15批百合饮片共有峰成分峰面积进行主成分分析(PCA),共提取出5个主成分,其累积解释率R2X(cum)=0.973,预测能力Q2(cum)=0.779,说明所建立的模型的区分度较好[13-14],同一产地的百合饮片聚类明显,不同产地的百合饮片存在明显差异。
在PCA基础上,采用SIMCA 14.1软件,以正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(OPLS-DA)建模分析,所建立OPLS-DA模型的R2X(cum)=0.998,R2Y(cum)=0.993,Q2(cum)=0.976,见图3。一般认为VIP>1.0的值较为重要,所以选取VIP>1的成分作为区分百合不同产地的差异性成分[14],王百合苷A、王百合苷B、王百合苷C、绿原酸的VIP值分别为2.098、2.079、1.178、1.069,所以这4个成分为区分不同产地、不同批次百合饮片的差异性指标成分。
同“2.1.1”项下条件及“2.1.2”项下方法。
精密称定王百合苷C、王百合苷A、王百合苷B的对照品适量,加甲醇配制成质量浓度分别为0.736、1.310、0.920 mg·mL-1的对照品储备液,分别精密吸取以上各对照品储备液适量,配制成每1 mL含王百合苷C 147.2 μg、王百合苷A 458.5 μg、王百合苷B 414.0 μg的混合对照品溶液,经0.22 μm微孔滤膜滤过,即得。
精密吸取“2.2.2”项下的混合对照品溶液100、200、400、600、800 μL,用甲醇定容至1 mL量瓶中,0.22 μm的微孔滤膜滤过,照“2.1.1”项下色谱条件进样,以对照品溶液质量浓度为横坐标,对照品峰面积为纵坐标,进行线性回归。王百合苷C、王百合苷A、王百合苷B的回归方程分别为
线性范围分别为14.72~147.2,45.85~458.5,41.40~414.0 μg·mL-1
精密吸取同一样品(S1)的供试品溶液,照“2.1.1”项下色谱条件连续进样6次,测定王百合苷C、王百合苷A、王百合苷B峰面积的RSD分别为0.37%、0.39%、0.51%,表明仪器精密度良好。
精密吸取同一样品(S1)的供试品溶液,分别于0、2、4、8、12、24 h照“2.1.1”项下色谱条件进样,测定王百合苷C、王百合苷A、王百合苷B峰面积的RSD分别为0.64%、0.30%、0.70%,表明供试品溶液中测定成分在24 h内稳定性良好。
精密称取同一批次样品(S1),按照“2.1.2”项下方法平行制备6份供试品溶液,按照“2.1.1”项下色谱条件进样,测定王百合苷C、王百合苷A、王百合苷B的平均含量分别为0.052 0%、0.308 3%、0.247 8%,RSD分别为0.87%、1.3%、2.4%,表明该方法重复性良好。
精密称定已知被测成分含量的样品(S1),分别加入与各成分含量等量的对照品溶液适量,即对照品加入量与样品中成分含有量之比约为1:1,按照“2.1.2”项下方法制备供试溶液,按照“2.1.1”项下色谱条件进样测定,计算回收率,结果百合中王百合苷C、王百合苷A、王百合苷B的平均加样回收率(n=6)分别为99.6%、98.6%、99.7%,RSD分别为2.3%、1.0%、1.2%。
精密称取15批百合饮片样品,按照“2.1.2”项下方法制备供试品溶液,按照“2.1.1”项下色谱条件进样,按干燥品计算,测定15批样品王百合苷C、王百合苷A、王百合苷B的含量,结果见表1。含量测定结果显示,S4~S6批次样品中王百合苷C、王百合苷A含量较高,其他批次无明显差异,而S4~S6批次的百合为道地药材“龙山百合”,为国家地理标志产品[15],S13~S15批次样品中王百合苷B含量较高,说明这3个差异成分可以在一定程度上反映不同百合饮片的含量差异,可为含量追溯和质量控制提供帮助。
在中药系统药理学数据库和分析平台(TCMSP,http://tcmspw.com/)中对百合差异成分王百合苷A、王百合苷B、王百合苷C作用靶点进行索引查找,通过Genecards数据库(https://www.genecards.org/),以抑郁症“depression”为关键词检索目前已报道的与抑郁症相关的靶点基因[16],将得到的抑郁症靶点通过“Relevance score≥2”对靶点基因进行筛选,共得到1 796个抑郁症疾病靶点基因。将百合活性成分靶点与疾病靶点分别输入韦恩图网站(http://jvenn.toulouse.inra.fr/app/example.html),得到的重合靶点即为百合治疗抑郁症的潜在靶点(图4),共得到76个共同靶点基因。
将筛选到的靶点信息导入String(https://string-db.org/cgi/input.pl)数据库中,物种限定为“homo sapiens”,获取蛋白与蛋白相互作用(PPI)信息,剔除离散靶点并选择相关性得分(interaction score≥0.70)的高置信度靶标,将得到的蛋白互作文件导入“Cytoscape 3.7.2”软件中绘制PPI网络,分析网络拓扑参数,筛选出关键蛋白靶点[17]。蛋白互作关系网络如图5所示:靶点蛋白相互作用网络中有76个节点,513条边,平均节点度为13.5;其中节点表示蛋白,度值表示每个节点连接的线条数,用来评估网络中每个节点的重要性;每条边表示蛋白与蛋白之间的相互作用关系,degree值越大,表示蛋白之间相互关联度越大,其中颜色越深和图形越大代表靶点degree值越大[18],核心靶点主要有TNF、GAPDH、MAPK3、VEGFA、TP53、JUN、STAT3、MAPK1、ESR1、PTGS2、PPARG等。
通过String分析网站,对百合治疗抑郁症靶点进行基因生物过程(biological process)、细胞成分(cellular component)、分子功能(molecular function)富集分析并进行信号通路(KEGG)富集分析,选择FDR<0.01的条目进行进一步研究。利用微生信网站(http://www.bioinformatics.com.cn/)中enrichement GO term功能和go kegg pathway enrichment功能,对生物功能、通路进行可视化分析,根据FDR值从小到大的顺序,选取前20个分析条目。GO分析结果如图6所示,其中,对含氧化合物的反应(response to oxygen-containing compound)、对有机物的反应(response to organic substance)等生物过程,及类固醇结合(steroid binding)、类固醇激素受体活性(steroid hormone receptor activity)等分子功能,和膜筏(membrane raft)、内膜系统(endomembrane system)等细胞结构,可能通过影响氧化应激反应引起的神经细胞突触受损治疗抑郁症。KEGG通路富集分析结果如图7显示,其中,神经营养因子信号通路(neurotrophin signaling pathway)、cAMP信号通路(cAMP signaling pathway)、含血清素的神经突触(Serotonergic synapse)、MAPK信号通路(MAPK signaling pathway)可能通过影响乙酰胆碱等神经递质的传递过程来发挥抗抑郁效果。
称取百合100 g,加入8倍量水,煎煮2次,每次50 min,4层纱布滤过,合并滤液,60 ℃减压浓缩,冷冻干燥为百合提取物干浸膏。
低分化的PC-12细胞放置于37 ℃、5% CO2的培养箱中培养,在RPMI 1640培养基(含10% FBS、100 U·mL-1青霉素和100 μg·mL-1链霉素)中培养2~3 d后进行传代。取对数生长期的PC-12细胞,以5×104·mL-1接种于96孔板中,待细胞完全贴壁后培养24 h,设置对照组、模型组、阳性药组和给药组,并设置溶剂空白,每组设置6个复孔。对照组加入RPMI 1640无血清培养基,模型组加入含500 μmol·L-1皮质酮的无血清培养基,阳性药组加入含0.3 μmol·L-1氟西汀和500 μmol·L-1皮质酮的无血清培养基;给药组设置低、中、高剂量组,分别为百合提取物组(50、100、200 μg·mL-1),王百合苷B、王百合苷A、王百合苷C组(5、10、20 μmol·L-1),各给药组加入皮质酮(500 μmol·L-1)。各组继续培养24 h后,进行细胞活力检测。
培养24 h后,取待测96孔板,每孔加入CCK-8溶液10 μL,在培养箱内孵育1~4 h后,用酶标仪测定在450 nm处的吸收度,细胞活力=(A给药组-A溶剂空白)/(A对照组-A溶剂空白)×100%[19]。细胞活力检测结果如图8所示,与对照组相比,模型组的细胞活力显著降低(P<0.01),百合提取物低剂量组(P<0.01)和王百合苷B低剂量组(P<0.01)、高剂量组(P<0.05)细胞活力显著降低;王百合苷A低剂量组(P<0.01)和王百合苷C低剂量组(P<0.05)细胞活力显著降低。与模型组相比,阳性药组细胞活力显著提高(P<0.01),百合提取物低、中、高剂量组细胞活力显著提高(P<0.01),王百合苷B、王百合苷A、王百合苷C低、中、高剂量组细胞活力显著提高(P<0.01)。结果显示,王百合苷B、王百合苷A、王百合苷C具有较好的抗抑郁作用,可能为百合发挥“静心安神”药效的主要成分,表现出差异成分的有效性,可作为筛选百合质量标志物的参考。
本实验在建立指纹图谱时,对色谱条件和供试品溶液制备方法进行优化。考察了甲醇-水、乙腈-水和乙腈-0.1%磷酸水对色谱图的影响,优选乙腈-0.1%磷酸水作为流动相;进行全波长扫描,选取315 nm作为检测波长。分别考察了超声提取和加热回流的提取方式,甲醇、80%甲醇、50%甲醇、20%甲醇的提取效率,20、30、40 min的提取时间,确定供试品提取方法为80%甲醇超声提取30 min。本实验利用OPLS-DA筛选出4个差异成分,但其中绿原酸广泛存在于多种中药当中,如金银花、菊花、茵陈等,对百合而言特有性不强,所以只选择了王百合苷A、王百合苷B和王百合苷C这3个成分来对15批百合饮片进行质量表征[20]
现代研究发现,抑郁症的发生与糖皮质激素有密切关系,当机体处于长期应激状态时,HPA(下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺)系统持续亢奋,会产生大量的糖皮质激素,皮质酮是糖皮质激素的一种,可通过血脑屏障入脑,易与海马组织中神经元的糖皮质激素受体结合产生神经毒性杂质,造成海马组织萎缩,从而引起抑郁症的发生[21]。本实验通过皮质酮诱导PC-12细胞损伤建立抑郁症模型来研究百合提取物及成分对PC-12细胞的影响,结果显示PC-12细胞经皮质酮诱导后,细胞活力显著降低,而给予不同浓度的百合提取物及王百合苷B、王百合苷A、王百合苷C成分后,细胞活力均有不同程度的提高。氧化应激反应过度激活过程中氧自由基的大量释放能够对神经元、突触造成损害,影响神经元的功能及突触的可塑性,可能造成抑郁症[22]。结合网络药理学分析,百合成分主要通过对含氧化合物的反应、对内源性刺激的反应等生物过程及调节内膜系统、细胞膜、质膜区域等细胞结构来发挥抗抑郁作用,这对氧化内激反应的调节及突触结构的保护起到积极的作用。5-HT和DA等单胺类神经递质在脑内分泌的减少将会影响神经信号的传导,进而产生抑郁情绪,因此,增加脑内突触间隙的神经递质水平可以达到治疗抑郁症的目的[23]。研究发现,百合皂苷类成分可改善抑郁模型大鼠的体重减轻、耗食量减少及快感缺失等症状,增高抑郁模型大鼠大脑皮层的单胺类神经递质的含量;百合水煎液提取物也能显著增加小鼠脑组织内单胺类神经递质DA、5-HT的含量,说明百合有较好的抗抑郁作用,其主要机制可能是通过增加脑内单胺类递质含量来实现[24-25]。百合通过多成分、多靶点、多通路相结合来治疗抑郁症,主要是通过王百合苷B、王百合苷A、王百合苷C等成分来调节氧化应激反应,保护神经元突触结构,促进单胺类神经递质含量增加。
综上所述,本研究基于中药多成分、多靶点、多通路的特点,利用指纹图谱和多成分含量测定,对不同产地不同批次百合饮片的质量进行表征,以追求差异成分的可测性,通过网络药理学分析和体外细胞抗抑郁实验,彰显差异成分的有效性和特有性;在对百合地黄汤[19]、百合知母汤[26]等汤剂的研究中发现,本实验筛选出的差异标志物可以在部分临床配伍中显现,显示出其可追溯性和处方配伍。所以,本研究初步建议将王百合苷A、王百合苷B、王百合苷C作为百合的质量标志物,在一定程度上为百合饮片的质量控制提供参考。百合中的多糖类成分和甾体皂苷类成分也可能具有抗抑郁活性[27],但因其含量可测性和特有性较差,所以其是否能作为质量标志物,还有待进一步研究论证。
  • *2022年度河南省中医药科研研究专项(2022ZY2059)
  • 公益性行业专项—中药炮制技术传承基地建设(38103021-2022)
  • 河南中医药大学2021年度研究生科研创新类立项项目(2021KYCX054)
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2024年第44卷第5期
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.05.18
  • 接收时间:2023-07-13
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-05-31
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-13
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*2022年度河南省中医药科研研究专项(2022ZY2059)
公益性行业专项—中药炮制技术传承基地建设(38103021-2022)
河南中医药大学2021年度研究生科研创新类立项项目(2021KYCX054)
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    河南中医药大学 豫药全产业链研发河南省协同创新中心 河南省中药特色炮制技术工程研究中心河南省中药生产一体化工程技术研究中心,郑州 450046

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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