Article(id=1241779365743231352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1241779355555266850, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.05.16, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1681747200000, receivedDateStr=2023-04-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773992871938, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1717084800000, pubDateStr=2024-05-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773992871938, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773992871938, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773992871938, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241779355555266850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='5', pageStart='737', pageEnd='920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773992869509, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773992925624, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241779590985749489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1241779355555266850, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241779590985749490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1241779355555266850, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=874, endPage=881, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241779367324483970, articleId=1241779365743231352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Effect of different drying methods on the content of major active ingredients in fresh cutting products of Atractylodes chinensis*, columnId=1239148841803501731, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Quality Control, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To explore the effects of key operating units such as different water contents and drying methods in processing methods on the content of main active ingredients in Atractylodes chinensis(DC.)Koidz. fresh cutting slices. To develop an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of five active ingredient (atractylenolide Ⅲ,atractylenolideⅠ,atractylodin,β-eudesmol,atractylon) in Atractylodes chinensis.

Methods:

The Supersil ODS2 column (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm ) was used,the mobile phase was 0.1% phosphoric acid (A)- methanol(B) with gradient elution,at the flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1,the detection wavelength was 220,270,203 nm,and the column temperature was 30 ℃. The entropy weight-TOPSIS method and cluster analysis were combined to determine the best method of fresh cutting process of Atractylodes chinensis.

Results:

The validation results of the content determination methodology were good. The contents of five components(atractylenolide Ⅲ,atractylenolide Ⅰ,atractylodin,β-eudesmol,atractylon) were 0.052-0.243,0.195-1.015,2.022-4.418,0.119-5.049,0.209-8.638 mg·g-1,respectively. The optimal cutting moisture content range of Atractylodes chinensis fresh cutting was (40%±3%)-(50%±3%). The results of ANOVA showed that the contents of atractylenolide Ⅲ,atractylenin,β-eudesmol and atractylone were significantly higher in the seven processing(S1-S7) of fresh cutting than in the traditional raw-tanning group(S8). The entropy weight-TOPSIS analysis showed that 60 ℃ microwave drying,40 ℃ microwave drying and 50 ℃ blast drying slices pieces have better quality. Cluster analysis resulted in three groups,accounting for 12.5%,50% and 37.5% respectively.

Conclusion:

The results indicate that different drying methods and temperatures have a significant impact on the quality of Atractylodes chinensis slices. This study is valuable for the subsequent research in Atractylodes chinensis fresh cutting slices.

, correspAuthors=Tian-zhu ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Meng-qi LU, Xue-jing ZHANG, Meng-dan XU, Xiao-kang LIU, Ji-yu GONG, Tian-zhu ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241779373733380780, articleId=1241779365743231352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=不同干燥方式对北苍术趁鲜切制品中主要有效成分含量的影响*, columnId=1239148842025799861, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=质量分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的:

探讨加工方法中不同含水量和不同干燥方式等关键操作单元对北苍术趁鲜切制饮片中主要有效成分含量的影响,建立高效液相色谱法同时测定北苍术中5个有效成分(白术内酯Ⅲ、白术内酯Ⅰ、苍术素、β-桉叶醇及苍术酮)的含量。

方法:

采用Supersil ODS2(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱;以0.1%磷酸水溶液(A)-甲醇(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱;流速1.0 mL·min-1;检测波长220、270、203 nm;柱温30 ℃。结合熵权-TOPSIS法和聚类分析法确定北苍术最佳趁鲜切制的加工方法。

结果:

含量测定方法学验证结果良好,北苍术中5个成分(白术内酯Ⅲ、白术内酯Ⅰ、苍术素、β-桉叶醇及苍术酮)含量范围分别为0.052~0.243、0.195~1.015、2.022~4.418、0.119~5.049、0.209~8.638 mg·g-1;北苍术趁鲜切制最佳切制含水率区间为(40%±3%)~(50%±3%);方差分析结果显示,7种(S1~S7)趁鲜切制加工中白术内酯Ⅲ、苍术素、β-桉叶醇、苍术酮含量显著高于传统生晒组(S8);熵权-TOPSIS分析结果显示,60 ℃微波干燥、40 ℃微波干燥和50 ℃鼓风干燥饮片的质量较好;聚类分析最终得到3类群体,占比分别为12.5%、50%、37.5%。

结论:

结果表明不同的干燥方式及干燥温度会对北苍术饮片质量产生显著影响,本研究对后续北苍术趁鲜切制饮片工艺研究具有一定参考性。

, correspAuthors=张天柱, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
** Tel:13504467925;E-mail:
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Tel:17863127863;E-mail:

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Shandong Electron Power202148(8):61, articleTitle=Evaluation of thermal power plant operation index based on combined weight and TOPSIS method, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241779387289370668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779365743231352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=10, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=24, authorNames=潘永康, 刘忠喜, 刘相东, journalName=现代干燥技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=潘永康,刘忠喜,刘相东.现代干燥技术[M].第二版.北京:化学工业出版社,2007:10, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241779387411005488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779365743231352, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=10, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=25, authorNames=PAN YK, LIU ZX, LIU XD, journalName=Modern Drying Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PAN YKLIU ZXLIU XD. Modern Drying Technology[M]. 2nd Ed. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2007:10, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241779383187342298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779365743231352, awardId=2017-SW-KF106, language=CN, fundingSource=*吉林省重点研发项目(2017-SW-KF106), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241779374001816251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779365743231352, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241779374018593471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779365743231352, companyId=1241779374001816251, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241779374031176384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779365743231352, companyId=1241779374001816251, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=长春中医药大学药学院,长春 130117)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241779381450900375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779365743231352, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Chromatograms of mixed reference substances(A)and sample S2(B), figureFileSmall=cegngQRiaNeFgWF2l3WSzA==, figureFileBig=QCUUnHq6BI6nqjjD9OY6bw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241779381564146587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779365743231352, language=CN, label=图1, caption=混合对照品(A)和S2号样品(B)色谱图

1.白术内酯Ⅲ(atractylenolide Ⅲ) 2.白术内酯Ⅰ(atractylenolide Ⅰ)3.苍术素(atractylodin) 4.β-桉叶醇(β-eudesmol) 5.苍术酮(atractylon)

, figureFileSmall=cegngQRiaNeFgWF2l3WSzA==, figureFileBig=QCUUnHq6BI6nqjjD9OY6bw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241779381778056100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779365743231352, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Scoring standard of moisture content interval of fresh cutting for Atractylodes chinensis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
饮片性状
(trait of the slices)
性状考察指标
(examination indicator of trait)
评分标准
(marking scheme)
药材质地(herb texture)不能切制(cannot be cut)0
质地较脆(crisp texture)0.5
质地稍软(slightly soft texture)1.5
质地柔韧(pliable texture)2.5
切制连刀(tablets was linked together)连刀较多(much linked together)0.5
连刀较少(lesser linked together)1.5
不连刀(not linked)2.5
翘片率(warp ratio)翘片较多(much warp)≥40%0.5
翘片较少(lesser warp)10%~40%1.5
极少翘片(minimal warp)≤10% 2.5
碎片率(crushing ratio)碎片较多(much crushing)≥5%0.5
碎片较少(lesser crushing)1%-5%1.5
无碎片(not crushing)≤1%2.5
), ArticleFig(id=1241779381929051046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779365743231352, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

北苍术最佳趁鲜切制含水率区间评分标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
饮片性状
(trait of the slices)
性状考察指标
(examination indicator of trait)
评分标准
(marking scheme)
药材质地(herb texture)不能切制(cannot be cut)0
质地较脆(crisp texture)0.5
质地稍软(slightly soft texture)1.5
质地柔韧(pliable texture)2.5
切制连刀(tablets was linked together)连刀较多(much linked together)0.5
连刀较少(lesser linked together)1.5
不连刀(not linked)2.5
翘片率(warp ratio)翘片较多(much warp)≥40%0.5
翘片较少(lesser warp)10%~40%1.5
极少翘片(minimal warp)≤10% 2.5
碎片率(crushing ratio)碎片较多(much crushing)≥5%0.5
碎片较少(lesser crushing)1%-5%1.5
无碎片(not crushing)≤1%2.5
), ArticleFig(id=1241779382046491564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779365743231352, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Scoring results of moisture content interval of fresh cutting of Atractylodes chinensis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
含水率
(moisture content)/%
质地
(herb texture)
连刀
(tablets are linked together)
翘片率
(warp ratio)/%
碎片率
(crushing ratio)/%
综合评分
(overall rating)
70±3较脆(crisp texture)较多(much)71.541.373
60±3稍软(slightly soft texture)较少(lesser)10%-40%53.222.075
50±3柔韧(pliable texture)较少(lesser)10%-40%28.432.667
40±3柔韧(pliable texture)不连刀(not linked)13.984.068
30±3不能切制(cannot be cut)不连刀(not linked)11.1317.402
20±3不能切制(cannot be cut)不连刀(not linked)10.1928.522
), ArticleFig(id=1241779382142960559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779365743231352, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

北苍术最佳趁鲜切制含水率区间评分结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
含水率
(moisture content)/%
质地
(herb texture)
连刀
(tablets are linked together)
翘片率
(warp ratio)/%
碎片率
(crushing ratio)/%
综合评分
(overall rating)
70±3较脆(crisp texture)较多(much)71.541.373
60±3稍软(slightly soft texture)较少(lesser)10%-40%53.222.075
50±3柔韧(pliable texture)较少(lesser)10%-40%28.432.667
40±3柔韧(pliable texture)不连刀(not linked)13.984.068
30±3不能切制(cannot be cut)不连刀(not linked)11.1317.402
20±3不能切制(cannot be cut)不连刀(not linked)10.1928.522
), ArticleFig(id=1241779382264595379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779365743231352, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Results of recovery test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分
(component)
称样量
(sample)/g
原有量
(original)/mg
加样量
(added)/mg
测得量
(measured)/mg
回收率
(recovery)/%
平均回收率
(average recovery)/%
RSD/%
白术内酯Ⅲ(atractylenolide Ⅲ)0.506 70.100.110.2199.499.51.4
0.506 10.100.110.2198.0
0.502 60.100.110.21100.5
0.506 10.110.100.2099.1
0.510 20.100.100.21101.8
0.507 90.100.100.2098.0
白术内酯Ⅰ(atractylenolide Ⅰ)0.506 70.200.190.39100.3100.12.4
0.500 60.200.190.3898.6
0.502 60.200.190.40103.5
0.506 10.200.190.3998.6
0.510 20.200.190.3997.2
0.507 90.200.190.40102.5
苍术素(atractylodin)0.506 72.021.983.9798.999.01.5
0.500 62.001.983.8897.5
0.502 62.011.984.03100.9
0.506 12.021.983.9197.5
0.510 22.041.983.9698.5
0.507 92.031.984.04100.7
β-桉叶醇(β-eudesmol)0.506 70.400.380.81101.9100.61.8
0.500 60.400.380.79100.3
0.502 60.400.380.82103.6
0.506 10.400.380.7898.8
0.510 20.400.380.7898.8
0.507 90.400.380.7999.9
苍术酮(atractylon)0.506 73.192.135.1296.399.92.6
0.500 63.152.135.40102.2
0.502 63.162.135.44102.6
0.506 13.182.135.49103.2
0.510 23.212.135.2197.4
0.507 93.192.135.2398.2
), ArticleFig(id=1241779382369452987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779365743231352, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

加样回收率结果(n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分
(component)
称样量
(sample)/g
原有量
(original)/mg
加样量
(added)/mg
测得量
(measured)/mg
回收率
(recovery)/%
平均回收率
(average recovery)/%
RSD/%
白术内酯Ⅲ(atractylenolide Ⅲ)0.506 70.100.110.2199.499.51.4
0.506 10.100.110.2198.0
0.502 60.100.110.21100.5
0.506 10.110.100.2099.1
0.510 20.100.100.21101.8
0.507 90.100.100.2098.0
白术内酯Ⅰ(atractylenolide Ⅰ)0.506 70.200.190.39100.3100.12.4
0.500 60.200.190.3898.6
0.502 60.200.190.40103.5
0.506 10.200.190.3998.6
0.510 20.200.190.3997.2
0.507 90.200.190.40102.5
苍术素(atractylodin)0.506 72.021.983.9798.999.01.5
0.500 62.001.983.8897.5
0.502 62.011.984.03100.9
0.506 12.021.983.9197.5
0.510 22.041.983.9698.5
0.507 92.031.984.04100.7
β-桉叶醇(β-eudesmol)0.506 70.400.380.81101.9100.61.8
0.500 60.400.380.79100.3
0.502 60.400.380.82103.6
0.506 10.400.380.7898.8
0.510 20.400.380.7898.8
0.507 90.400.380.7999.9
苍术酮(atractylon)0.506 73.192.135.1296.399.92.6
0.500 63.152.135.40102.2
0.502 63.162.135.44102.6
0.506 13.182.135.49103.2
0.510 23.212.135.2197.4
0.507 93.192.135.2398.2
), ArticleFig(id=1241779382512059328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779365743231352, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Determination of five components in Atractylodes chinensis decoction pieces by different drying methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号
(sample No.)
白术内酯Ⅲ
(atractylenolide Ⅲ)
白术内酯Ⅰ
(atractylenolide Ⅰ)
苍术素
(atractylodin)
β-桉叶醇
(β-eudesmol)
苍术酮
(atractylon)
S10.243 1±0.023e0.195 2±0.001a2.022 1±0.019a1.596 1±0.328c2.415 5±0.011c
S20.173 8±0.121c0.542 0±0.001e3.743 8±0.009d0.568 8±0.118b8.638 8±0.170f
S30.052 9±0.100a0.253 6±0.002b3.743 8±0.129a5.049 5±0.055f2.497 5±0.185c
S40.203 4±0.031d0.280 2±0.000c4.244 4±0.061e1.801 1±0.170d6.073 3±0.070e
S50.223 6±0.100d0.473 5±0.001d4.418 4±0.452e2.075 5±0.060e6.271 4±0.130e
S60.134 4±0.008b0.275 3±0.079c2.145 0±0.104a0.119 9±0.308a0.209 9±0.010a
S70.212 3±0.011d0.285 1±0.089c3.357 1±0.079c0.737 8±0.012b5.227 2±0.182d
S80.132 0±0.003b1.015 3±0.108f2.424 0±0.111b1.448 1±0.306c1.035 5±0.090b
), ArticleFig(id=1241779382625305542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779365743231352, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

北苍术饮片不同干燥方式下5个成分含量的测定(mg·g-1n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号
(sample No.)
白术内酯Ⅲ
(atractylenolide Ⅲ)
白术内酯Ⅰ
(atractylenolide Ⅰ)
苍术素
(atractylodin)
β-桉叶醇
(β-eudesmol)
苍术酮
(atractylon)
S10.243 1±0.023e0.195 2±0.001a2.022 1±0.019a1.596 1±0.328c2.415 5±0.011c
S20.173 8±0.121c0.542 0±0.001e3.743 8±0.009d0.568 8±0.118b8.638 8±0.170f
S30.052 9±0.100a0.253 6±0.002b3.743 8±0.129a5.049 5±0.055f2.497 5±0.185c
S40.203 4±0.031d0.280 2±0.000c4.244 4±0.061e1.801 1±0.170d6.073 3±0.070e
S50.223 6±0.100d0.473 5±0.001d4.418 4±0.452e2.075 5±0.060e6.271 4±0.130e
S60.134 4±0.008b0.275 3±0.079c2.145 0±0.104a0.119 9±0.308a0.209 9±0.010a
S70.212 3±0.011d0.285 1±0.089c3.357 1±0.079c0.737 8±0.012b5.227 2±0.182d
S80.132 0±0.003b1.015 3±0.108f2.424 0±0.111b1.448 1±0.306c1.035 5±0.090b
), ArticleFig(id=1241779382738551754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779365743231352, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Weight result calculated by entropy method

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标(evaluation indicators)ejdjwj/%
白术内酯Ⅲ(atractylenolide Ⅲ)0.237 50.762 519.33
白术内酯Ⅰ(atractylenolide Ⅰ)0.190 10.809 920.53
苍术素(atractylodin)0.194 70.805 320.41
β-桉叶醇(β-eudesmol)0.211 20.788 819.99
苍术酮(atractylon)0.221 00.779 019.74
), ArticleFig(id=1241779382860186575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779365743231352, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

熵值法计算权重结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标(evaluation indicators)ejdjwj/%
白术内酯Ⅲ(atractylenolide Ⅲ)0.237 50.762 519.33
白术内酯Ⅰ(atractylenolide Ⅰ)0.190 10.809 920.53
苍术素(atractylodin)0.194 70.805 320.41
β-桉叶醇(β-eudesmol)0.211 20.788 819.99
苍术酮(atractylon)0.221 00.779 019.74
), ArticleFig(id=1241779382981821394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779365743231352, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

TOPSIS evaluation results of fresh cutting ofdifferent drying methods of decoction pieces prepared of Atractylodes chinensis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号
(sample No.)
正理想解距离
(positive ideal solution)(D+
负理想解距离
(negative ideal solution distance)(D-
相对接近度
(relative proximity)(Ci
排序结果
(sorting results)
S10.353 10.208 80.371 66
S20.235 20.288 90.551 22
S30.368 20.207 50.360 47
S40.238 10.288 40.547 83
S50.190 80.321 00.627 21
S60.403 70.085 80.175 48
S70.282 00.232 60.452 04
S80.307 70.230 30.428 15
), ArticleFig(id=1241779383074096084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779365743231352, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

北苍术鲜切饮片不同干燥方式的TOPSIS评价结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号
(sample No.)
正理想解距离
(positive ideal solution)(D+
负理想解距离
(negative ideal solution distance)(D-
相对接近度
(relative proximity)(Ci
排序结果
(sorting results)
S10.353 10.208 80.371 66
S20.235 20.288 90.551 22
S30.368 20.207 50.360 47
S40.238 10.288 40.547 83
S50.190 80.321 00.627 21
S60.403 70.085 80.175 48
S70.282 00.232 60.452 04
S80.307 70.230 30.428 15
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不同干燥方式对北苍术趁鲜切制品中主要有效成分含量的影响*
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鲁梦琪 , 张雪晶 , 徐梦丹 , 刘小康 , 贡济宇 , 张天柱 **
药物分析杂志 | 质量分析 2024,44(5): 874-881
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药物分析杂志 | 质量分析 2024, 44(5): 874-881
不同干燥方式对北苍术趁鲜切制品中主要有效成分含量的影响*
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鲁梦琪 , 张雪晶, 徐梦丹, 刘小康, 贡济宇, 张天柱**
作者信息
  • 长春中医药大学药学院,长春 130117
  • Tel:17863127863;E-mail:

通讯作者:

** Tel:13504467925;E-mail:
Effect of different drying methods on the content of major active ingredients in fresh cutting products of Atractylodes chinensis*
Meng-qi LU , Xue-jing ZHANG, Meng-dan XU, Xiao-kang LIU, Ji-yu GONG, Tian-zhu ZHANG**
Affiliations
  • College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
出版时间: 2024-05-31 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.05.16
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目的:

探讨加工方法中不同含水量和不同干燥方式等关键操作单元对北苍术趁鲜切制饮片中主要有效成分含量的影响,建立高效液相色谱法同时测定北苍术中5个有效成分(白术内酯Ⅲ、白术内酯Ⅰ、苍术素、β-桉叶醇及苍术酮)的含量。

方法:

采用Supersil ODS2(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱;以0.1%磷酸水溶液(A)-甲醇(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱;流速1.0 mL·min-1;检测波长220、270、203 nm;柱温30 ℃。结合熵权-TOPSIS法和聚类分析法确定北苍术最佳趁鲜切制的加工方法。

结果:

含量测定方法学验证结果良好,北苍术中5个成分(白术内酯Ⅲ、白术内酯Ⅰ、苍术素、β-桉叶醇及苍术酮)含量范围分别为0.052~0.243、0.195~1.015、2.022~4.418、0.119~5.049、0.209~8.638 mg·g-1;北苍术趁鲜切制最佳切制含水率区间为(40%±3%)~(50%±3%);方差分析结果显示,7种(S1~S7)趁鲜切制加工中白术内酯Ⅲ、苍术素、β-桉叶醇、苍术酮含量显著高于传统生晒组(S8);熵权-TOPSIS分析结果显示,60 ℃微波干燥、40 ℃微波干燥和50 ℃鼓风干燥饮片的质量较好;聚类分析最终得到3类群体,占比分别为12.5%、50%、37.5%。

结论:

结果表明不同的干燥方式及干燥温度会对北苍术饮片质量产生显著影响,本研究对后续北苍术趁鲜切制饮片工艺研究具有一定参考性。

北苍术  /  趁鲜切制  /  有效成分  /  熵权-TOPSIS法  /  白术内酯Ⅲ  /  白术内酯Ⅰ  /  苍术素  /  β-桉叶醇  /  苍术酮
Objective:

To explore the effects of key operating units such as different water contents and drying methods in processing methods on the content of main active ingredients in Atractylodes chinensis(DC.)Koidz. fresh cutting slices. To develop an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of five active ingredient (atractylenolide Ⅲ,atractylenolideⅠ,atractylodin,β-eudesmol,atractylon) in Atractylodes chinensis.

Methods:

The Supersil ODS2 column (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm ) was used,the mobile phase was 0.1% phosphoric acid (A)- methanol(B) with gradient elution,at the flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1,the detection wavelength was 220,270,203 nm,and the column temperature was 30 ℃. The entropy weight-TOPSIS method and cluster analysis were combined to determine the best method of fresh cutting process of Atractylodes chinensis.

Results:

The validation results of the content determination methodology were good. The contents of five components(atractylenolide Ⅲ,atractylenolide Ⅰ,atractylodin,β-eudesmol,atractylon) were 0.052-0.243,0.195-1.015,2.022-4.418,0.119-5.049,0.209-8.638 mg·g-1,respectively. The optimal cutting moisture content range of Atractylodes chinensis fresh cutting was (40%±3%)-(50%±3%). The results of ANOVA showed that the contents of atractylenolide Ⅲ,atractylenin,β-eudesmol and atractylone were significantly higher in the seven processing(S1-S7) of fresh cutting than in the traditional raw-tanning group(S8). The entropy weight-TOPSIS analysis showed that 60 ℃ microwave drying,40 ℃ microwave drying and 50 ℃ blast drying slices pieces have better quality. Cluster analysis resulted in three groups,accounting for 12.5%,50% and 37.5% respectively.

Conclusion:

The results indicate that different drying methods and temperatures have a significant impact on the quality of Atractylodes chinensis slices. This study is valuable for the subsequent research in Atractylodes chinensis fresh cutting slices.

Atractylodes chinensis(DC.)Koidz.  /  fresh cutting  /  active ingredients  /  entropy weight-TOPSIS  /  atractylenolide Ⅲ  /  atractylenolide Ⅰ  /  atractylenol  /  β-eucalyptol  /  atractylone
鲁梦琪, 张雪晶, 徐梦丹, 刘小康, 贡济宇, 张天柱. 不同干燥方式对北苍术趁鲜切制品中主要有效成分含量的影响*. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (5) : 874 -881 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.05.16
Meng-qi LU, Xue-jing ZHANG, Meng-dan XU, Xiao-kang LIU, Ji-yu GONG, Tian-zhu ZHANG. Effect of different drying methods on the content of major active ingredients in fresh cutting products of Atractylodes chinensis*[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (5) : 874 -881 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.05.16
北苍术为菊科植物北苍术Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz.的干燥根茎,药用历史悠久,最早出现于《神农本草经》,被列为上品,其味辛、苦,性温,具有燥湿健脾、祛风散寒和明目的功效[1-2],用于治疗风湿、消化系统疾病、流感等[3]。北苍术的主要有效成分包括苍术素、苍术酮、β-桉叶醇、白术内酯Ⅰ、白术内酯Ⅲ等,苍术素为2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》(以下简称《中国药典》)规定的含量测定指标;β-桉叶醇对胃肠道运动功能有双向调节作用,对CL-6细胞有明显的抑制作用,还可用于治疗胆管上皮癌[4];苍术酮可抑制肿瘤血管新生和肿瘤细胞的增殖,也可提高免疫力,保护肝细胞,使受损肝细胞得到恢复,具有较强的保肝活性[5-7];白术内酯Ⅰ和Ⅲ被认为具有保肝活性、抗炎活性[8]、抗癌活性以及抗微生物活性[9]
中药材产地加工是保障饮片质量的有效途径。传统饮片加工方法是采挖药材后除去泥沙,晒干,撞去须根,洗净后回润,切片,干燥等,但此操作费工费时,加工时长过长还会使有效成分含量降低,而趁鲜切制技术可以有效缓解以上问题。趁鲜切制即利用新鲜药材进行加工,直接切制,无需进行二次浸润,工艺上省时省力,因为减少加工工艺上的重复环节,所以可以节省加工成本[10]。近年来,中药材趁鲜切制在药材初加工应用上越来越受到重视[11]。刘勇等[12]通过比较不同趁鲜切制干燥方式与传统整根干燥方式所得三七主根的干燥时间、折干率、密度、药材外观性状和内在成分,提出三七在加工时采用趁鲜切制后50 ℃条件下烘干的建议。于迪等[13]考虑趁鲜切制加工具有省去药材晒干及回润的步骤,且能保留更多有效成分的优势,对鲜防风最佳切制含水率及切制后的干燥方式展开研究。
目前,北苍术趁鲜加工的研究较少,基于此本研究探讨北苍术趁鲜切制的最佳工艺,利用趁鲜切制后快速脱水的加工方式,考察鼓风干燥、微波干燥等不同干燥方式,分析比较在不同水分含量下切制对北苍术趁鲜切制饮片的外观形态及质量的影响,同时探究不同烘干方式下北苍术趁鲜切制饮片中有效成分的含量变化,为北苍术趁鲜切制饮片加工操作标准化提供科学依据,为不同加工方法的北苍术趁鲜切制饮片质量控制提供参考。
岛津LC-2030高效液相色谱仪(岛津公司);XS105DU十万分之一分析天平(梅特勒-托利多国际贸易有限公司);PTX-FA2105万分之一电子天平(华志电子科技有限公司);DE-100g小型粉碎机(浙江红景天工贸有限公司);DHG-9055A电热鼓风干燥箱(上海一恒科学仪器有限公司);HH-6数显恒温水浴锅(常州博远实验分析仪器厂)。
鲜北苍术购于吉林省白山市,经长春中医药大学药学院中药鉴定教研室张天柱教授鉴定为菊科植物北苍术Atractylodes chinensis(DC.)Koidz.的新鲜根茎。对照品白术内酯Ⅲ(批号B21157,质量分数≥98%)、白术内酯Ⅰ(批号B21156,质量分数≥98%)、苍术素(批号B21823,质量分数≥98%)、β-桉叶醇(批号B20485,质量分数≥98%)、苍术酮(批号B20485,质量分数≥98%)均购自上海源叶生物科技有限公司;甲醇为色谱纯;水为超纯水。
采集大小均一的鲜北苍术药材,分为3组,每组3份,每份约1 kg,40 ℃烘箱干燥,连续烘干96 h,每隔4 h称量,干燥至恒量(2次间隔1 h,所称量之差<0.03%鲜药材质量),粉碎过筛,按照2020年版《中国药典》四部0832水分测定法中第四法(甲苯法),对北苍术药材含水量进行测定,推算其干质量,得到北苍术药材的平均干货得率(平均干货得率=干药材平均质量/鲜药材平均质量×100%)为42.26%。以鲜北苍术药材未处理时的含水量为100%,对北苍术药材趁鲜切制不同过程中的含水率进行研究。公式[14]如下:
含水率=(M1-M2)/M1×100%=[m1(100%-42.26%)-(m1-m2)]/m1(100%-42.26%)×100%=(m2-42.26%×m1)/0.577 4m1×100%
式中,M1为鲜北苍术药材未处理时的含水量,M2为北苍术药材干燥过程中的失水量,m1为鲜北苍术药材未处理时的质量,m2为北苍术药材干燥后的质量。从公式可以看出,如需对北苍术药材含水率进行控制,只需严格把控北苍术药材干燥后的质量即可。
结合生产实际,以药材质地、翘片率、碎片率考察成品外观与收率,建立评分标准[13],结果见表1。根据评分标准,对含水率为(20%±3%)~(70%±3%)的药材进行切制并评分,结果见表2。当药材含水率较高[(60%±3%)~(70%±3%)]时切制,饮片的翘片率及碎片率偏高,评分为3~5;当药材干燥至含水率较低[(20%±3%)~(30%±3%)]时切制,药材两端已干燥至发硬,一切即碎,影响饮片收率,评分为2;(40%±3%)~(50%±3%)时切制,饮片外观性状完整,翘片率及碎片率较低,评分为8。根据各含水率区间最终评分结果,确定为北苍术药材趁鲜切制最佳含水率区间。
取鲜北苍术药材8组,每组平行3份,每份300 g。其中7组烘干至含水率为40%~50%后切制,按以下干燥方式对切制后的北苍术饮片进行处理:鼓风干燥40 ℃,样品编号为S1(S1-1、S1-2、S1-3);鼓风干燥50 ℃,样品编号为S2(S2-1、S2-2、S2-3);鼓风干燥60 ℃,样品编号为S3(S3-1、S3-2、S3-3);微波干燥40 ℃,样品编号为S4(S4-1、S4-2、S4-3);微波干燥60 ℃,样品编号为S5(S5-1、S5-2、S5-3);阴干,样品编号为S6(S6-1、S6-2、S6-3);晒干,样品编号为S7(S7-1、S7-2、S7-3)。另1组根据传统加工方法,晒干后浸润20 h,切制,样品编号为S8(S8-1、S8-2、S8-3)。
精密称取白术内酯Ⅲ、白术内酯Ⅰ、苍术素、β-桉叶醇及苍术酮的对照品适量,分别置于棕色量瓶中,用甲醇定容至刻度,摇匀,配制成质量浓度分别为1.035、2.205、1.28、3.02、3.74 mg·mL-1的溶液,作为对照品储备液。精密量取上述对照品储备液适量,用甲醇配制成上述5个成分质量浓度分别为0.018、0.045、0.250、0.220、0.280 mg·mL-1的混合对照品溶液。
取样品粉末(过60目筛)约1.0 g,精密称定,置于50 mL具塞锥形瓶中,精密加入90%甲醇25 mL,密塞,称量,超声(功率250 W,频率40 kHz)提取45 min,放冷,再次称量,加90%甲醇补足减失的量,摇匀,滤过,取续滤液过0.45 μm微孔滤膜,即得。
采用依利特Supersil ODS2色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),以0.1%磷酸水溶液(A)-甲醇(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱(0~5 min,45%B→55%B;5~7 min,55%B→68%B;7~35 min,68%B→75%B;35~36 min,75%B→78%B;36~48 min,78%B;48~50 min,78%B→95%B;50~60 min,95%B;60~62 min,95%B→100%B;62~77 min,100%B),检测波长220 nm(0~28 min,检测白术内酯Ⅲ)、270 nm(28~40 min,检测白术内酯Ⅰ)、203 nm(40~50 min,检测苍术素、β-桉叶醇)、220 nm(50~77 min,检测苍术酮),流速为1.0 mL·min-1,柱温为30 ℃,进样量为10 μL。混合对照品及S2号样品的色谱图见图1
精密吸取“2.3.1”项下混合对照品溶液0.2、0.4、1.0、2.0、5.0、10.0 mL,分别置20 mL量瓶中,加甲醇至刻度,摇匀,按“2.3.3”项下色谱条件进样分析,以对照品质量浓度X为横坐标,峰面积Y为纵坐标,绘制标准曲线,白术内酯Ⅲ、白术内酯Ⅰ、苍术素、β-桉叶醇、苍术酮的回归方程分别为
线性范围依次为0.18~9.0、4.50~22.5、2.50~125.0、2.20~110.0、2.80~140.00 μg·mL-1。结果表明,5个成分在各质量浓度范围内的线性关系良好。
精密吸取“2.3.1”项下混合对照品溶液,按“2.3.3”项色谱条件连续进样6次,记录峰面积,计算白术内酯Ⅲ、白术内酯Ⅰ、苍术素、β-桉叶醇及苍术酮峰面积的RSD(n=6)分别为1.9%、0.50%、0.57%、2.0%、0.31%。结果表明仪器精密度良好。
精密称取S2-1号样品,按“2.3.2”项下方法平行制备6份供试品溶液,按“2.3.3”项色谱条件进样分析,计算白术内酯Ⅲ、白术内酯Ⅰ、苍术素、β-桉叶醇及苍术酮5个成分的平均含量(n=6)分别为0.536、3.55、0.549、8.678、0.162 mg·g-1,RSD分别为2.0%、0.73%、1.2%、2.3%、0.81%。结果表明方法重复性良好。
取S2-1号样品的供试品溶液,室温放置,分别在0、2、4、8、12、24 h,按“2.3.3”项色谱条件进样分析,计算24 h内供试品溶液中白术内酯Ⅲ、白术内酯Ⅰ、苍术素、β-桉叶醇及苍术酮5个成分峰面积的RSD分别为2.3%、0.55%、0.63%、1.2%、0.18%。结果表明供试品溶液在24 h内稳定。
精密称取“2.3.1”项下对照品储备液适量,加甲醇配制成每1 mL含白术内酯Ⅲ 2.20 μg、白术内酯Ⅰ 3.80 μg、苍术素39.60 μg、β-桉叶醇7.60 μg、苍术酮42.6 μg的加样回收混合对照品溶液。精密称取S2-1号样品,6份,每份约0.5 g,分别加入加样回收混合对照品溶液50 mL,按“2.3.2”项下方法制备供试溶液,按“2.3.3”项下色谱条件进样分析并计算回收率,结果见表3。表明本法回收率良好。
北苍术药材经不同干燥方式处理得到的饮片结合各指标数据进行方差分析,以S8为对照组,对比5个成分在其他干燥方式下是否具有显著性差异。由表4可知,白术内酯Ⅰ、苍术素、苍术酮3个成分趁鲜切制的7组饮片均与S8有显著性差异,白术内酯Ⅰ在S8中最高,在S1中最低;苍术素在S5中最高,在S1中最低;苍术酮在S2中最高,在S6中最低;白术内酯Ⅲ在S7、S1、S3、S4、S5中与在S8中含量差异明显,在S6、S2中与在S8中无显著性差别;β-桉叶醇在S7、S6、S2、S3、S5、S4中与在S8中有显著性差异,在S1中与S8中无显著性差异。
熵权法是一种客观的赋权方法,通过构建各个评价指标的判断矩阵,得到各指标的熵,最终确定指标熵权。根据熵的定义,信息熵值越小,指标的离散程度越大,即权重越大。TOPSIS法也称为双基点法,常常解决多指标多方案的评价与排序问题,通过熵权法科学计算指标权重,构建加权后的TOPSIS决策矩阵,最终按照TOPSIS法排序,判断北苍术饮片各干燥方式的优劣[15-16]
现设有m个决策对象jn个决策指标ii=1,…,nj=1,…,m。将数据通过公式(1)进行归一化处理,Xij代表归一化处理后的各数值。公式(2)Pij代表第j项指标下第i个样本值占该指标的比重所得到的权重。公式(3)ej代表熵值,当k=1/lnnPij=0则PijlnPij=0,计算第j项指标的熵值。公式(4)dj代表信息熵冗余度,计算信息熵差异。最终将公式(4)代入公式(5)得到各项指标的权重,wj代表权重,结果见表5。将数据带入熵权指标的公式(1)~(5)[16],即得。
表5可知,白术内酯Ⅰ的权重最大。
初始化矩阵的建立采用公式(6)得到加权决策矩阵(Yij),根据公式(7)得到最优方案(V+)与最劣方案(V-),经过公式(8)分别得到与正负理想解的距离,最终得到最优解的欧式贴进度Ci(9),并以此进行排序。北苍术饮片经过不同干燥方式处理后,通过公式[16](6)~(9)对每种干燥方式进行熵权赋分,最终评价。
结果见表6。样品S4、S5及S2的质量较好,排在前3位,S7排在第4位,S8排在第5位,结果显示7种不同的干燥方式(S1~S7)中,有4种趁鲜切制的加工方法效果优于传统生晒。
运用SPSSAUV21.0系统对样本进行聚类分析,由于数据中包括定类数据,因而使用K-prototype聚类分析方法。最终聚类得到3类群体,占比分别为12.5%、50%、37.5%。其中S3为聚类1;S7、S2、S4、S5为聚类2;S6、S8、S1为聚类3。白术内酯Ⅲ、白术内酯Ⅰ、苍术素、β-桉叶醇、苍术酮聚类类别差异对比结果分别为0.068、0.785、0.004、0.015、0.008。聚类分析将8种干燥方式分为3类,结合苍术酮、苍术素、β-桉叶醇含量测定的结果可知,在不同干燥方式下具显著性差异(P<0.05),说明这3个指标对聚类分类的贡献较大。
实验研究发现,若新鲜北苍术不经干燥直接切制,则所得饮片含水率过高,易导致饮片成品翘片或裂片[17]。含水量为(20%±3%)~(30%±3%)时,药材质地过硬,不易切制;含水量为(40%±3%)~(50%±3%)时,外观均一平整,含水量适中,翘片及裂片极少,根据“2.1.2”项建立的含水率区间评分标准[13],确定此区间为较适宜的鲜切方法。
本实验考察了5个有效成分的含量,结合熵权-TOPSIS法,对北苍术不同干燥方式下饮片质量的测量结果进行综合排序,通过对指标进行合理的权重配比,规避主观判断对权重分析的影响,可以实现对北苍术不同干燥方式进行科学排序的目的。从熵权-TOPSIS结果排名来看,传统生晒排在第5位,前3名分别是60 ℃微波干燥、40 ℃微波干燥、50 ℃鼓风干燥。因此,初步认为北苍术趁鲜切制是可行的,而且50 ℃鼓风干燥成本较低,符合目前中药饮片生产实际情况,值得推广。
  • *吉林省重点研发项目(2017-SW-KF106)
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.05.16
  • 接收时间:2023-04-18
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-05-31
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  • 收稿日期:2023-04-18
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*吉林省重点研发项目(2017-SW-KF106)
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    长春中医药大学药学院,长春 130117

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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