Article(id=1241779363658666170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1241779355555266850, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.05.05, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1685289600000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773992871437, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1717084800000, pubDateStr=2024-05-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773992871437, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773992871437, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773992871437, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241779355555266850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='5', pageStart='737', pageEnd='920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773992869509, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773992925624, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241779590985749489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1241779355555266850, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241779590985749490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1241779355555266850, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=772, endPage=782, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241779364577218808, articleId=1241779363658666170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=The comparative study on the regulation effect of authentic and counterfeit Arnebiae Radix on intestinal flora in mice*, columnId=1241779356482208035, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Column on Quality Evaluation of Arnebiae Radix, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To compare the regulatory effects of authentic and counterfeit Arnebiae Radix on intestinal flora in mice based on metagenomic sequencing.

Methods:

Firstly,24 clean grade female BLAB/C mice were randomly divided into 3 groups:blank control group,A1 (Arnebia euchroma) group and A2 (Arnebiae Radix whose origins were not included in Chinese Pharmacopoeia) group. After gavage arrived at the specified time,colon contents (feces),ileal contents (feces) and small intestinal contents (feces,except ileal parts) were extracted for intestinal flora analysis. Genomic DNA was extracted and amplified by PCR from the extracted mouse intestinal contents. The PCR products were mixed and purified. Then library was constructed and sequenced. After quality control of sequencing data and removal of chimera sequence,the final effective data was obtained. Operational taxonomic unit(OTU) clustering and species annotation were performed on the obtained valid data,and sample diversity analysis was conducted.

Results:

In this study,both A1 (Arnebia euchroma) group and A2 (Arnebiae Radix non-pharmacopoeia) group reduced the diversity of mice colon microbiota. At the phylum level,group A1 significantly increased the abundance of Firmicutes in the small intestine and ileum,and groups A1 and A2 significantly increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in the colon. At the genus level,group A1 significantly increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the small intestine of mice,and group A2 significantly increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the ileum of mice. Group A1 increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus,one of the dominant bacteria in the colon of mice,and group A2 increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides. Alistipes mainly existed in the colon,A2 group significantly reduced the relative abundance of Alistipes in the colon of mice,while Alistipes in the A1 group was cultivated.

Conclusion:

According to the results of the regulation effect of intestinal flora,the intestinal flora regulation effect in the two experimental groups of the authentic Arnebiae Radix and its confusion products from markets are not consistent,the results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for further exploring the mechanism of Arnebiae Radix.

, correspAuthors=Jian ZHENG, Shuang-cheng MA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jie LIU, Sheng-yun DAI, Hai-yuan GU, Fei QIAO, Chao-jie LIAN, Li-nong GUO, Jian ZHENG, Shuang-cheng MA, Xiao-min JIN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241779368498893228, articleId=1241779363658666170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=紫草市场药材正伪品对小鼠肠道菌群调节作用的比较研究*, columnId=1241779358067654949, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=紫草类民族药材的品质评价研究专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的:

基于宏基因组测序的方法比较紫草市场药材正伪品对小鼠肠道菌群调节作用的异同。

方法:

首先将24只清洁级雌性BLAB/C小鼠随机分为3组,分别为空白对照组、A1(新疆紫草)组、A2(紫草非药典品)组,灌胃到达指定时间后,提取结肠内容物(粪便)、回肠内容物(粪便)、小肠内容物(粪便,除去回肠部位)用于肠道菌群分析;对提取的小鼠肠道内容物进行基因组DNA提取和PCR扩增,对PCR产物进行混样和纯化,构建文库并上机测序;对测序数据进行质控,并去除其中的嵌合体序列后,得到最终的有效数据;对获得的有效数据进行分类操作单元(operational taxonomic unit,OTU)聚类和物种注释,并进行样本多样性分析。

结果:

本研究中A1、A2组均降低了小鼠结肠菌群多样性;在门水平上,A1组显著提高了小鼠小肠和回肠中Firmicutes的丰度,A1、A2组显著提高了小鼠结肠中Bacteroidetes的相对丰度;在属水平上,A1组显著提高了小鼠小肠中Lactobacillus的相对丰度,A2组显著提高了小鼠回肠中Lactobacillus的相对丰度;A1组提高了小鼠结肠中优势菌之一Lactobacillus的相对丰度,A2组提高了结肠中Bacteroides的相对丰度;病原菌Alistipes主要存在于结肠中,A2实验组显著降低了小鼠结肠中Alistipes的相对丰度,而A1实验组则扶植了小鼠结肠中的Alistipes

结论:

根据肠道菌群调节作用的结果,紫草药材中药典收载品和市场混淆品2个实验组的肠道菌群调节作用不一致,本研究结果可为深入探索其作用机制提供理论基础。

, correspAuthors=郑健, 马双成, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
** 郑健 Tel:(010)53852080;E-mail:;
马双成 Tel:(010)53832076;E-mail:
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Tel:(010)53851401;E-mail:

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Chin J Inf Tradit Chin Med202027(7):54, articleTitle=High-throughput sequencing study on the effects of TCM compounds on intestinal flora of mice infected with influenza, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241779380964365169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779363658666170, awardId=RS2024Z006-105, language=CN, fundingSource=*国家药品监督管理局药品监管科学体系建设重点项目“新技术新方法在中药质量控制中的应用”(RS2024Z006-105), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241779368742162875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779363658666170, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241779368746357180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779363658666170, companyId=1241779368742162875, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241779368754745789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779363658666170, companyId=1241779368742162875, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国食品药品检定研究院,北京 102629)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241779368838631875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779363658666170, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241779368847020483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779363658666170, companyId=1241779368838631875, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241779368855409092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779363658666170, companyId=1241779368838631875, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.沈阳药科大学,沈阳 110016)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241779368968655310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779363658666170, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241779368977043919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779363658666170, companyId=1241779368968655310, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Yili Institute of Inspection, Testing and Certification, Yili 835000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241779368981238224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779363658666170, companyId=1241779368968655310, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.伊犁哈萨克自治州检验检测认证研究院,伊犁 835000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241779376803615499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779363658666170, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=α-diversity analysis of ileum microbiota in mice(* means the representation is statistically different), figureFileSmall=y9iQq2EPCLC5oSyNDj/fkA==, figureFileBig=TxyGIpMvmAXWemoRdSvLWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241779376904278800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779363658666170, language=CN, label=图1, caption=小鼠回肠菌群α-多样性分析(*代表具有统计学差异)

NH.空白对照组(blank control group) A1H.新疆紫草实验组(Arnebiae Radix experimental group) A2H.紫草非药典品实验组(the experimental group of Arnebiae Radix whose origins were not included in Chinese Pharmacopoeia)

, figureFileSmall=y9iQq2EPCLC5oSyNDj/fkA==, figureFileBig=TxyGIpMvmAXWemoRdSvLWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241779377176908572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779363658666170, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=α-diversity analysis of colon microbiota in mice(*means the representation is statistically different), figureFileSmall=VSj94XMKRVs/rYlSzT6zmA==, figureFileBig=oDEWQlkvcC+ObyADeYP+Hw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241779377311126305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779363658666170, language=CN, label=图2, caption=小鼠结肠菌群α-多样性分析(*代表具有统计学差异)

NJ.空白对照组(blank control group) A1J.新疆紫草实验组(Arnebiae Radix experimental group) A2J.紫草非药典品实验组(the experimental group of Arnebiae Radix whose origins were not included in Chinese pharmacopoeia)

, figureFileSmall=VSj94XMKRVs/rYlSzT6zmA==, figureFileBig=oDEWQlkvcC+ObyADeYP+Hw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241779377449538344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779363658666170, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=The phylum level composition analysis of small intestine (A),ileum (B) and colon (C) microbiota in mice, figureFileSmall=4c5vHE4pGyYuV4/fuICuWg==, figureFileBig=Dk/oBPI6oau/Z4h/hywUmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241779377587950382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779363658666170, language=CN, label=图3, caption=小鼠小肠(A)、回肠(B)和结肠(C)菌群门水平组成分析

NX、NH、NJ.空白对照组(blank control group) A1X、A1H、A1J.新疆紫草实验组(Arnebiae Radix experimental group) A2X、A2H、A2J.紫草非药典品实验组(experimental group of nonpharmacopoeia Arnebiae Radix)

, figureFileSmall=4c5vHE4pGyYuV4/fuICuWg==, figureFileBig=Dk/oBPI6oau/Z4h/hywUmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241779377655059249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779363658666170, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=The genus level composition analysis of small intestine (A),ileum (B) and colon (C) microbiota in mice, figureFileSmall=z7HY/bilpmSguPYfMBXjrA==, figureFileBig=QPgwwmWGUNqAkb2Rk/DLCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241779377743139635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779363658666170, language=CN, label=图4, caption=小鼠小肠(A)、回肠(B)和结肠(C)菌群属水平组成分析

NX、NH、NJ、A1X、A1H、A1J、A2X、A2H、A2J.同图3(same as Fig.3)

, figureFileSmall=z7HY/bilpmSguPYfMBXjrA==, figureFileBig=QPgwwmWGUNqAkb2Rk/DLCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241779377927689017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779363658666170, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=The PCoA analysis of small intestine (A),ileum (B) and colon (C) microbiota in mice, figureFileSmall=nKHeIm+hldzKc08ILT8sCw==, figureFileBig=CyfjrFmBmkPJJ0tv7mI20A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241779378028352319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779363658666170, language=CN, label=图5, caption=小鼠小肠(A)、回肠(B)和结肠(C)菌群PCoA分析

NX、NH、NJ、A1X、A1H、A1J、A2X、A2H、A2J.同图3(the same as Fig.3)

, figureFileSmall=nKHeIm+hldzKc08ILT8sCw==, figureFileBig=CyfjrFmBmkPJJ0tv7mI20A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241779378120627009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779363658666170, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=LEfSe analysis of small intestine in mice, figureFileSmall=N6cFtLBp3Ljdkd+dP918+g==, figureFileBig=UAgsQb0jUWDnlmiXHcvHzA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241779378263233349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779363658666170, language=CN, label=图6, caption=小鼠小肠菌群LEfSe分析

A2X.紫草非药典品实验组(the experimental group of nonpharmacopoeia Arnebiae Radix)

, figureFileSmall=N6cFtLBp3Ljdkd+dP918+g==, figureFileBig=UAgsQb0jUWDnlmiXHcvHzA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241779378342925130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779363658666170, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=LEfSe analysis of ileum microbiota in mice, figureFileSmall=5QDsL1TF67fQ2KzLwf43Lw==, figureFileBig=t7/O3TDE8T7UqmKkZYBkfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241779378527474512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779363658666170, language=CN, label=图7, caption=小鼠回肠菌群LEfSe分析

NH.空白对照组(blank control group) A1H.新疆紫草实验组(Arnebiae Radix experimental group)

, figureFileSmall=5QDsL1TF67fQ2KzLwf43Lw==, figureFileBig=t7/O3TDE8T7UqmKkZYBkfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241779378623943506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779363658666170, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=LEfSe analysis of colon microbiota in mice, figureFileSmall=nGgD89zXaKnxfCNyJSZVyg==, figureFileBig=RdFvU8beg5Pxwa4AZ1fweA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241779378720412503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779363658666170, language=CN, label=图8, caption=小鼠结肠菌群LEfSe分析

NJ.空白对照组(blank control group) A1J.新疆紫草实验组(Arnebiae Radix experimental group)

, figureFileSmall=nGgD89zXaKnxfCNyJSZVyg==, figureFileBig=RdFvU8beg5Pxwa4AZ1fweA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241779378837853018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779363658666170, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

The regulating effect of Arnebiae Radix on the richness and diversity of microflora in small intestine,ileum and colon of mice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
(No.)
小肠菌群(microflora in small intestine)回肠菌群(microflora in ileum)结肠菌群(microflora in colon)
丰富度(richness)多样性(diversity)丰富度(richness)多样性(diversity)丰富度(richness)多样性(diversity)
A1不改变(no change)不改变(no change)降低(reduced)提高(elevated)降低(reduced)降低(reduced)
A2不改变(no change)不改变(no change)降低(reduced)提高(elevated)降低(reduced)降低(reduced)
), ArticleFig(id=1241779378946904926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779363658666170, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

紫草药材对小鼠小肠、回肠、结肠的菌群丰富度与多样性调节作用

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
(No.)
小肠菌群(microflora in small intestine)回肠菌群(microflora in ileum)结肠菌群(microflora in colon)
丰富度(richness)多样性(diversity)丰富度(richness)多样性(diversity)丰富度(richness)多样性(diversity)
A1不改变(no change)不改变(no change)降低(reduced)提高(elevated)降低(reduced)降低(reduced)
A2不改变(no change)不改变(no change)降低(reduced)提高(elevated)降低(reduced)降低(reduced)
), ArticleFig(id=1241779379043373922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779363658666170, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

The regulating effect of Arnebiae Radix on the relative abundance at the phylum level of microflora in small intestine,ileum and colon of mice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
(No.)
相对丰度(relative abundance)
小肠菌群(microflora in small intestine)回肠菌群(microflora in ileum)结肠菌群(microflora in colon)
A1Firmicutes(↑);Cyanobacteria(↓)Cyanobacteria(↑)Bacteroidetes(↑);Firmicutes(↓)
A2Firmicutes(↓);Bacteroidetes(↑)Bacteroidetes(↑)Bacteroidetes(↑);Firmicutes(↓)
), ArticleFig(id=1241779380603655013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779363658666170, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

紫草药材对小鼠小肠、回肠、结肠的菌群门水平相对丰度的调节作用

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
(No.)
相对丰度(relative abundance)
小肠菌群(microflora in small intestine)回肠菌群(microflora in ileum)结肠菌群(microflora in colon)
A1Firmicutes(↑);Cyanobacteria(↓)Cyanobacteria(↑)Bacteroidetes(↑);Firmicutes(↓)
A2Firmicutes(↓);Bacteroidetes(↑)Bacteroidetes(↑)Bacteroidetes(↑);Firmicutes(↓)
), ArticleFig(id=1241779380700124009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779363658666170, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

The regulating effect of Arnebiae Radix on the relative abundance at the genus level of microflora in small intestine,ileum and colon of mice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
(No.)
小肠菌群
(microflora in small intestine)
回肠菌群
(microflora in ileum)
结肠菌群
(microflora in colon)
A1Lactobacillus(↑);unidentified_Cyanobacteria(↓)unidentified_Cyanobacteria,Candidatus_Arthromitus(↑)AlistipesLactobacillusOdoribacter(↑);Bacteroides(↓)
A2Bacteroides(↑);Lactobacillus(↓)Lactobacillus(↑)Bacteroides(↑);Alistipes(↓)
), ArticleFig(id=1241779380809175916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779363658666170, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

紫草药材对小肠、回肠、结肠的菌群属水平相对丰度的调节作用

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
(No.)
小肠菌群
(microflora in small intestine)
回肠菌群
(microflora in ileum)
结肠菌群
(microflora in colon)
A1Lactobacillus(↑);unidentified_Cyanobacteria(↓)unidentified_Cyanobacteria,Candidatus_Arthromitus(↑)AlistipesLactobacillusOdoribacter(↑);Bacteroides(↓)
A2Bacteroides(↑);Lactobacillus(↓)Lactobacillus(↑)Bacteroides(↑);Alistipes(↓)
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紫草市场药材正伪品对小鼠肠道菌群调节作用的比较研究*
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刘杰 1 , 戴胜云 1 , 谷海媛 1, 2 , 乔菲 1 , 连超杰 1 , 过立农 1 , 郑健 1, ** , 马双成 1, ** , 金晓敏 3
药物分析杂志 | 紫草类民族药材的品质评价研究专栏 2024,44(5): 772-782
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药物分析杂志 | 紫草类民族药材的品质评价研究专栏 2024, 44(5): 772-782
紫草市场药材正伪品对小鼠肠道菌群调节作用的比较研究*
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刘杰1 , 戴胜云1, 谷海媛1, 2, 乔菲1, 连超杰1, 过立农1, 郑健1, ** , 马双成1, ** , 金晓敏3
作者信息
  • 1.中国食品药品检定研究院,北京 102629
  • 2.沈阳药科大学,沈阳 110016
  • 3.伊犁哈萨克自治州检验检测认证研究院,伊犁 835000
  • Tel:(010)53851401;E-mail:

通讯作者:

** 郑健 Tel:(010)53852080;E-mail:;
马双成 Tel:(010)53832076;E-mail:
The comparative study on the regulation effect of authentic and counterfeit Arnebiae Radix on intestinal flora in mice*
Jie LIU1 , Sheng-yun DAI1, Hai-yuan GU1, 2, Fei QIAO1, Chao-jie LIAN1, Li-nong GUO1, Jian ZHENG1, ** , Shuang-cheng MA1, ** , Xiao-min JIN3
Affiliations
  • 1.National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
  • 2.Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
  • 3.Yili Institute of Inspection, Testing and Certification, Yili 835000, China
出版时间: 2024-05-31 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.05.05
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目的:

基于宏基因组测序的方法比较紫草市场药材正伪品对小鼠肠道菌群调节作用的异同。

方法:

首先将24只清洁级雌性BLAB/C小鼠随机分为3组,分别为空白对照组、A1(新疆紫草)组、A2(紫草非药典品)组,灌胃到达指定时间后,提取结肠内容物(粪便)、回肠内容物(粪便)、小肠内容物(粪便,除去回肠部位)用于肠道菌群分析;对提取的小鼠肠道内容物进行基因组DNA提取和PCR扩增,对PCR产物进行混样和纯化,构建文库并上机测序;对测序数据进行质控,并去除其中的嵌合体序列后,得到最终的有效数据;对获得的有效数据进行分类操作单元(operational taxonomic unit,OTU)聚类和物种注释,并进行样本多样性分析。

结果:

本研究中A1、A2组均降低了小鼠结肠菌群多样性;在门水平上,A1组显著提高了小鼠小肠和回肠中Firmicutes的丰度,A1、A2组显著提高了小鼠结肠中Bacteroidetes的相对丰度;在属水平上,A1组显著提高了小鼠小肠中Lactobacillus的相对丰度,A2组显著提高了小鼠回肠中Lactobacillus的相对丰度;A1组提高了小鼠结肠中优势菌之一Lactobacillus的相对丰度,A2组提高了结肠中Bacteroides的相对丰度;病原菌Alistipes主要存在于结肠中,A2实验组显著降低了小鼠结肠中Alistipes的相对丰度,而A1实验组则扶植了小鼠结肠中的Alistipes

结论:

根据肠道菌群调节作用的结果,紫草药材中药典收载品和市场混淆品2个实验组的肠道菌群调节作用不一致,本研究结果可为深入探索其作用机制提供理论基础。

紫草  /  正伪品  /  小鼠  /  肠道菌群  /  比较研究
Objective:

To compare the regulatory effects of authentic and counterfeit Arnebiae Radix on intestinal flora in mice based on metagenomic sequencing.

Methods:

Firstly,24 clean grade female BLAB/C mice were randomly divided into 3 groups:blank control group,A1 (Arnebia euchroma) group and A2 (Arnebiae Radix whose origins were not included in Chinese Pharmacopoeia) group. After gavage arrived at the specified time,colon contents (feces),ileal contents (feces) and small intestinal contents (feces,except ileal parts) were extracted for intestinal flora analysis. Genomic DNA was extracted and amplified by PCR from the extracted mouse intestinal contents. The PCR products were mixed and purified. Then library was constructed and sequenced. After quality control of sequencing data and removal of chimera sequence,the final effective data was obtained. Operational taxonomic unit(OTU) clustering and species annotation were performed on the obtained valid data,and sample diversity analysis was conducted.

Results:

In this study,both A1 (Arnebia euchroma) group and A2 (Arnebiae Radix non-pharmacopoeia) group reduced the diversity of mice colon microbiota. At the phylum level,group A1 significantly increased the abundance of Firmicutes in the small intestine and ileum,and groups A1 and A2 significantly increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in the colon. At the genus level,group A1 significantly increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the small intestine of mice,and group A2 significantly increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the ileum of mice. Group A1 increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus,one of the dominant bacteria in the colon of mice,and group A2 increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides. Alistipes mainly existed in the colon,A2 group significantly reduced the relative abundance of Alistipes in the colon of mice,while Alistipes in the A1 group was cultivated.

Conclusion:

According to the results of the regulation effect of intestinal flora,the intestinal flora regulation effect in the two experimental groups of the authentic Arnebiae Radix and its confusion products from markets are not consistent,the results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for further exploring the mechanism of Arnebiae Radix.

Arnebiae Radix  /  genuine and counterfeit products  /  mice  /  gut microbiota  /  comparative study
刘杰, 戴胜云, 谷海媛, 乔菲, 连超杰, 过立农, 郑健, 马双成, 金晓敏. 紫草市场药材正伪品对小鼠肠道菌群调节作用的比较研究*. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (5) : 772 -782 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.05.05
Jie LIU, Sheng-yun DAI, Hai-yuan GU, Fei QIAO, Chao-jie LIAN, Li-nong GUO, Jian ZHENG, Shuang-cheng MA, Xiao-min JIN. The comparative study on the regulation effect of authentic and counterfeit Arnebiae Radix on intestinal flora in mice*[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (5) : 772 -782 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.05.05
紫草作为民族地区常用药材,同时也是常用大宗中药材,其需求量不断升高。紫草作为药材使用始记载于《神农本草经》,“紫草,一名紫丹。一名紫芺。味苦,寒,无毒。治心腹邪气,五疸,补中益气,利九窍,通水道。生山谷。”《中华人民共和国药典》(简称《中国药典》)1990年版至2020年版中均收载了紫草药材。紫草的功能为清热凉血、活血解毒、透疹消斑,用于血热毒盛、斑疹紫黑、麻疹不透、疮疡、湿疹、水火烫伤。现代药理学研究显示,紫草具有抗肿瘤活性、治疗皮肤病的、创面修复、抗疲劳等作用。
人和动物的肠道不仅是消化器官,也是大脑以外最为复杂的神经系统,有多达1亿以上的神经细胞分布在肠道,因此肠道又被称为“第二大脑”。近年来,国内外大量研究者对“第二大脑”进行了深入研究,并参考大脑的结构,指出肠道菌群很可能就是这个“第二大脑”的“神经元”,肠道菌群研究被提到一个前所未有的新高度[1]。2006年,Jeffrey Gordon团队[2]在Nature发表研究,通过对小鼠进行粪菌移植实验,首次表明肠道菌群可影响和传递宿主的肥胖表型。之后越来越多的研究表明,肠道菌群可被视为身体中的“微生物器官”,通过菌群的自身成分、代谢物和衍生物,以及致病共生菌移位等机制,参与调控宿主的代谢、免疫、内分泌、神经等多方面的局部和全身性生理过程,从而影响发生肥胖、糖尿病、脂肪肝、心血管疾病、自身免疫和炎症性疾病、精神神经疾病和癌症等疾病的风险。
中药与肠道菌群通过相互作用而发挥防治疾病和促进健康的重要意义。肠道菌群失调与多种疾病的诱发具有密切相关性,维持肠道微生态的平衡对保持身体健康具有重要意义。此外,肠道菌群中的微生物还可以作为人体的“代谢器官”,与机体的代谢作用密切相关,包括对药物的代谢作用,可产生药物代谢酶参与到机体对药物的代谢过程中。中药在人类疾病防治,尤其是重大、突发疾病的防治方面,发挥着重要作用。与化学药和生物制剂相比,中药及其制剂具有多靶点,毒性相对较小,作用机制复杂等特点,且大多数中药及其制剂以口服方式服用,在经过消化道时与肠道微生物发生相互作用,肠道微生物可通过对中药进行代谢作用,而导致中药的活性发生改变,同时中药也可对肠道微生态平衡进行调节作用,二者通过相互作用而在防治疾病和促进健康等方面发挥重要意义。许多中草药可通过调控肠道菌群的组成以及代谢产物,从而达到调节肠道微生态平衡的作用。肠道菌群和中药的相互作用不仅局限于肠道菌群对中药的生物转化,大量研究显示,中药也可以将肠道菌群本身作为靶点,通过调控肠道菌群构成来发挥药效[3]。然而,目前针对中药通过调控肠道菌群发挥治疗效果的研究还处于起步阶段。
紫草药材以根部入药,药用部位不易鉴别,为易混淆药材,既是收载于《中国药典》的品种,又是民族地区的常用药材,在市场中存在伪品充斥的情况。在2015年全国药品抽样检验中,共抽取紫草市场药材及饮片256批,发现市场上紫草市场药材及饮片主要来源为新疆紫草和非药典品,而其中非药典品的市场占有率在50%以上。本研究旨在比较紫草药材市场正伪品对小鼠肠道菌群的调节作用是否具有一致性,分析紫草药材市场正伪品对小鼠肠道菌群的调节作用,结合紫草药材的药效作用,以期从肠道微生物的角度对药材的药效机制进行阐述,指导合理用药。
TaKaRa TP 600 PCR Thermal Cycler Dice梯度PCR仪(Takara公司);Mupid-one水平电泳仪(Takara公司);GelDoc XR+全自动凝胶成像系统(BIORAD公司);NovaSeq 6000测序平台(Illumina公司)。
QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit肠道微生物基因组DNA提取试剂盒(19590,Qiagen公司);Phusion® High-Fidelity PCR Master Mix(M0531S,New England Biolabs公司);Thermo Scientific GeneJET凝胶回收试剂盒(K0692,Thermo Fisher Scientific公司);TruSeq® DNA PCR-Free Sample Preparation Kit建库试剂盒(FC-121-3001,Illumina公司);PCR引物338-F(5′-ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG-3′)和806-R(5′-GGACTACHVGGGT WTCTAAT-3′)(生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司)。
选用的紫草药材样品来自市场抽检,分别为2020年版《中国药典》中收载的新疆紫草Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst.(A1)和2020年版《中国药典》中未收载的紫草非药典品(A2)。通过DNA条形码的方法,选用ITS2引物对以上样品进行鉴定,确定样品的来源准确。新疆紫草和紫草非药典品粉碎成超细粉后,以粉末悬浮液的形式给药。本实验所用小鼠为清洁级雌性BLAB/C小鼠,购自北京华阜康科技股份有限公司,动物质量合格证编号为1103222011001298。
24只小鼠预饲2 d后,随机分为3组,每组8只。一组为空白对照组,灌胃等体积生理盐水;二、三组为中药灌胃组:A1,灌胃新疆紫草,剂量为75 g·kg-1·d-1;A2,灌胃紫草非药典品,剂量为75 g·kg-1·d-1。每日灌胃,连续7 d,末次灌胃2 h后解剖提取相应部位;当动物灌胃后24 h发生死亡则提取相应的组织部位用于后续检测。到达指定时间后,解剖提取结肠内容物(粪便)、回肠内容物(粪便)、小肠内容物(粪便,除去回肠部位),置-80 ℃冰箱保存,用于肠道菌群分析。
采用Qiagen公司的肠道微生物基因组DNA提取试剂盒QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit对样本的基因组DNA进行提取,之后利用琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测DNA的纯度和浓度。取适量的样本DNA于离心管中,使用无菌水稀释样本至1 ng·μL-1。以稀释后的基因组DNA为模板,根据测序区域的选择,使用带Barcode的特异引物,New England Biolabs公司的Phusion® High-Fidelity PCR Master Mix with GC Buffer和高效高保真酶进行PCR,确保扩增效率和准确性。
PCR产物使用2%浓度的琼脂糖凝胶进行电泳检测;根据PCR产物浓度进行等量混样,充分混匀后使用2%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测PCR产物,对目的条带使用Thermo Fisher Scientific公司提供的胶回收试剂盒回收产物。
使用TruSeq® DNA PCR-Free Sample Preparation Kit建库试剂盒进行文库构建,构建好的文库经过Qubit和Q-PCR定量,文库合格后,使用NovaSeq 6000进行上机测序。
根据Barcode序列和PCR扩增引物序列从下机数据中拆分出各样本数据,截去Barcode和引物序列后使用FLASH(V1.2.7,http://ccb.jhu.edu/software/FLASH/)对每个样本的reads进行拼接,得到的拼接序列为原始Tags数据(Raw Tags);拼接得到的Raw Tags,需要经过严格的过滤处理得到高质量的Tags数据(Clean Tags)。参照Qiime(V1.9.1,http://qiime.org/scripts/split_libraries_fastq.html)的Tags质量控制流程,进行如下操作:a)Tags截取:将Raw Tags从连续低质量值(默认质量阈值为≤19)碱基数达到设定长度(默认长度值为3)的第1个低质量碱基位点截断;b)Tags长度过滤:Tags经过截取后得到的Tags数据集,进一步过滤掉其中连续高质量碱基长度小于Tags长度75%的Tags。经过以上处理后得到的Tags需要进行去除嵌合体序列的处理,Tags序列通过(https://github.com/torognes/vsearch/)与物种注释数据库进行比对检测嵌合体序列,并最终去除其中的嵌合体序列,得到最终的有效数据(effective tags)。
利用Uparse软件(Uparse v7.0.1001,http://www.drive5.com/uparse/)对所有样本的全部Effective Tags进行聚类,默认以97%的一致性(Identity)将序列聚类成为OTU,同时会选取OTU的代表性序列,依据其算法原则,筛选的是OTU中出现频数最高的序列作为OTU的代表序列。对OTU序列进行物种注释,用Mothur方法与SILVA132(http://www.arb-silva.de/)的SSUrRNA数据库进行物种注释分析(设定阈值为0.8~1),获得分类学信息并分别在各个分类水平:kingdom(界),phylum(门),class(纲),order(目),family(科),genus(属),species(种)统计各样本的群落组成。使用MUSCLE(Version 3.8.31,http://www.drive5.com/muscle/)软件进行快速多序列比对,得到所有OTU代表序列的系统发生关系。最后对各样本的数据进行均一化处理,以样本中数据量最少的为标准进行均一化处理,后续的Alpha多样性分析和Beta多样性分析都是基于均一化处理后的数据。
使用Qiime软件(Version 1.9.1)计算Observed-OTUs,Chao1,Shannon,Simpson指数;Alpha多样性指数组间差异分析会分别进行有参数检验和非参数检验,如果只有2组,选用t-test和wilcox检验,如果多于2组,选用的是Tukey检验和agricolae包的wilcox检验。使用R软件(Version 2.15.3)绘制PCoA图。PCoA分析使用R软件的WGCNA,stats和ggplot 2软件包。使用R软件进行Beta多样性指数组间差异分析,分别进行有参数检验和非参数检验,如果只有2组,选用t-test和wilcox检验,如果多于2组,选用的是Tukey检验和agricolae包的wilcox检验。LEfSe分析使用LEfSe软件,默认设置LDA Score的筛选值为4。
为研究各样本的物种组成,对所有样本的Effective Tags,以97%的一致性(Identity)进行OTU聚类,然后对OTU的序列进行物种注释。稀释曲线是从样本中随机抽取一定测序量的数据,统计它们所代表物种数目(即OTU数目),以抽取的测序数据量与对应的物种数来构建曲线。稀释曲线可直接反映测序数据量的合理性,并间接反映样本中物种的丰富程度,当曲线趋向平坦时,说明测序数据量渐进合理,更多的数据量只会产生少量新的物种(OTU)。Observed OTU和Chao1指数、Shannon指数、Simpson指数结果表明,与对照组相比,A1和A2组降低了小鼠回肠菌群丰富度、提高了回肠菌群多样性;降低了小鼠结肠菌群丰富度和多样性(图12)。
比较2个实验组与对照组对小鼠小肠、回肠、结肠菌群丰富度和多样性的影响,结果如表1所示。新疆紫草和紫草非药典品2个实验组与对照组相比对小鼠小肠、回肠、结肠的菌群丰富度与多样性的调节作用一致。根据以上结果分析,在对小鼠的小肠、回肠、结肠的菌群丰富度与多样性调节作用层面,新疆紫草与紫草非药典品作用一致。
根据物种注释结果,选取每个样本或分组在各分类水平(门、纲、目、科、属)上最大丰度排名前10的物种,生成物种相对丰度柱形累加图,以便直观查看各样本在不同分类水平上,相对丰度较高的物种及其比例。小鼠小肠、回肠、结肠3个部位肠道菌群主要分属于10个菌门:Firmicutes、Cyanobacteria、Bacteroidetes、Actinobacteria、Proteobacteria、unidentified_Bacteria、Tenericutes、Deferribacteres、Verrucomicrobia和Acidobacteria(图3)。小鼠小肠中的优势菌主要是Firmicutes(相对丰度27.07%~56.06%)、Cyanobacteria(33.33%~45.60%)和Bacteroidetes(7.53%~28.35%)。与对照相比,A1组显著提高了小鼠小肠中Firmicutes的相对丰度、降低了小鼠小肠中Cyanobacteria的相对丰度,而A2组显著降低了小鼠小肠中Firmicutes的相对丰度、显著提高了小鼠小肠中Bacteroidetes的相对丰度。小鼠回肠中的优势菌主要是Firmicutes(45.19%~49.77%)、Cyanobacteria(21.78%~37.84%)和Bacteroidetes(9.92%~26.16%)。与对照组相比,A1组显著提高了小鼠回肠中Cyanobacteria的相对丰度、Firmicutes和Bacteroidetes的相对丰度也有提高的趋势,而A2组显著提高了小鼠回肠中Bacteroidetes的相对丰度。小鼠结肠中的优势菌主要是Bacteroidetes(63.27%~78.03%)和Firmicutes(16.74%~28.85%)。与对照组相比,A1和A2组显著提高了小鼠结肠中Bacteroidetes的相对丰度,显著降低了Firmicutes的相对丰度。
总结紫草药材对小鼠小肠、回肠、结肠的菌群门水平相对丰度的影响,结果如表2所示。A1(新疆紫草)组提高了小鼠小肠中Firmicutes的相对丰度,并降低了Cyanobacteria的相对丰度,A2(紫草非药典品)组降低了小鼠小肠中Firmicutes的相对丰度,并提高了Bacteroidetes的相对丰度;A1(新疆紫草)组提高了小鼠回肠中Cyanobacteria的相对丰度,A2(紫草非药典品)组提高了小鼠回肠中Bacteroidetes的相对丰度;A1(新疆紫草)组和A2(紫草非药典品)组均提高了小鼠结肠中Bacteroidetes的相对丰度,并降低了Firmicutes的相对丰度。
小鼠小肠、回肠、结肠3个部位肠道菌群主要分属于10个菌属:unidentified_Cyanobacteria、LactobacillusBacteroidesAlistipesStreptococcusActinomyces、unidentified_Lachnospiraceae、Candidatus_Arthromitus、unidentified_Clostridiales和Sphingomonas图4)。属水平上,小鼠小肠中的优势菌主要是unidentified_Cyanobacteria(33.33%~45.60%)和Lactobacillus(18.03%~47.84%),与对照组相比,A1组显著降低了小鼠小肠中unidentified_Cyanobacteria的相对丰度,显著提高了小鼠小肠中Lactobacillus的相对丰度,A2组显著降低了小鼠小肠中Lactobacillus的相对丰度,unidentified_Cyanobacteria的相对丰度有降低的趋势、显著提高了Bacteroides的相对丰度。小鼠回肠中的优势菌主要是unidentified_Cyanobacteria(21.78%~37.84%)、Lactobacillus(24.16%~41.52%)和Candidatus_Arthromitus(0.15%~18.44%),与对照组相比,A1组显著提高了小鼠回肠中unidentified_Cyanobacteria和Candidatus_Arthromitus的相对丰度,A2组显著提高了小鼠回肠中Lactobacillus的相对丰度,unidentified_Cyanobacteria的相对丰度有降低的趋势。小鼠结肠中优势菌主要是Bacteroides(7.47%~23.47%)、Alistipes(16.74%~23.11%)、Lactobacillus(5.12%~6.39%)和Odoribacter(3.28%~5.06%)。与对照组相比,A1组显著提高了小鼠结肠中AlistipesLactobacillusOdoribacter的相对丰度、降低了Bacteroides的相对丰度,A2组显著提高了小鼠结肠中Bacteroides的相对丰度、降低了Alistipes的相对丰度。
紫草药材对小鼠小肠、回肠、结肠的菌群属水平相对丰度的影响如表3所示。A1(新疆紫草)提高了小鼠结肠中有益菌Lactobacillus的相对丰度,A2(紫草非药典品)降低了小鼠结肠中致病菌Alistipes的相对丰度,A1(新疆紫草)却扶植了小鼠结肠中的致病菌Alistipes
主坐标分析(PCoA,principal Co-ordinates analysis),是通过一系列的特征值和特征向量排序从多维数据中提取出最主要的元素和结构。基于Unweighted Unifrac距离来进行PCoA分析,并选取贡献率最大的主坐标组合进行作图展示。如果样本距离越接近,表示物种组成结构越相似,因此群落结构相似度高的样本倾向于聚集在一起,群落差异很大的样本则会远远分开。PCoA分析结果表明,紫草药材实验组中,不同处理组的小鼠不同肠道部位,肠道菌群均共享有核心菌群,不能完全区分开(图5)。
通过LEfSe分析发现(图6~8),A2组与对照组小鼠小肠内容物对比变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、α-变形菌(Alphaproteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、Muribaculaceae、罗伊氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus reuteri)呈显著差异,其中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、α-变形菌(Alphaproteobacteria)呈低表达;A1组与对照组小鼠小肠内容物对比未获得菌群差异数据。A1组与对照组小鼠回肠内容物对比变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、α-变形菌(Alphaproteobacteria)、鞘脂单胞菌目/科/属(Sphingomonadales/sphingomonadaceae/sphingomonas)、巴斯德菌科(Pasteurellaceae)、rodentibacter pneumotropicus、乳杆菌(Lactobacillus)、分节丝状菌(Candidatus Arthromitus)呈显著差异,其中乳杆菌(Lactobacillus)、分节丝状菌(Candidatus Arthromitus)呈高表达;A2组与对照组对比肠球菌科(Enterococcaceae)呈现高表达。A1组与对照组小鼠结肠内容物对比梭菌目(Clostridia/clostridiales)、拟杆菌门(Firmicutes)、瘤胃菌科(Ruminococcaceae)、拟杆菌纲/目/门(bacteroidia/bacteroidales/bacteroidetes)呈显著差异,其中拟杆菌纲/目/门(bacteroidia/bacteroidales/bacteroidetes)呈高表达;A2组与对照组相比瘤胃菌科(Ruminococcaceae)、链球菌(Streptococcaceae)、布劳特氏菌属(Blautia)、瘤胃菌科(Intestinimonas)、分节丝状菌(Candidatus Arthromitus)呈现差异表达,其中分节丝状菌(Candidatus Arthromitus)在A2组小鼠结肠中呈高表达。
已有的生理学和生物化学知识显示,动物小肠与大肠在宿主食物降解、消化和吸收中分担不同的作用,即小肠主要承担了消化吸收工作,而大肠主要承担纤维素消化、水分吸收和微生物储存发酵工作。尽管如此,由于考虑到取样方便和可能,目前大多数人类等动物的肠道微生物研究都是采用粪便样品作为肠道微生物代表,对于宿主肠道中微生物的真实情况了解的甚少[4]。因此,本研究以常规实验小鼠为生物模型,采用宏基因组测序技术分析和比较了不同肠道段内容物微生物种类和分布及药典收载紫草药材和非药典收载紫草药材对肠道菌群的调节作用。本研究发现小鼠小肠菌群在门水平上主要是:Firmicutes、Cyanobacteria、Bacteroidetes、Actinobacteria、Proteobacteria、unidentified_Bacteria、Tenericutes、Deferribacteres、Verrucomicrobia和Acidobacteria;小鼠回肠菌群在门水平上主要是:Firmicutes、Cyanobacteria、Bacteroidetes、Proteobacteria、Actinobacteria、unidentified_Bacteria、Deferribacteres、Nitrospirae、Fusobacteria和Acidobacteria;小鼠结肠菌群在门水平上主要是:Bacteroidetes、Firmicutes、unidentified_Bacteria、Deferribacteres、Tenericutes、Cyanobacteria、Proteobacteria和Actinobacteria,这与前人的研究结果一致[4-5]
肠道菌群多样性与其功能存在密切关系。总体而言,肠道菌群多样性越丰富,其维持自身稳定及抵抗致病菌的能力越强[6]。也有研究表明,降低肠道菌群多样性更有利于宿主健康和生长发育。谷巍等[7]报道,乌梅、蒲公英、党参和石榴皮等4味中药可提高免疫抑制小鼠肠道菌群的丰富性和多样性,增强免疫功能。王小明[8]发现,灌胃荒漠肉苁蓉降低了体力疲劳模型小鼠肠道菌群多样性。本研究中A1和A2组降低了小鼠结肠菌群多样性,这可能是由于中药对肠道的作用促进了肠道优势菌增殖,紫草是否可以通过菌群多样性的变化趋势发挥药效的作用有待进一步探讨研究。
前人研究发现,小鼠小肠及回肠菌群在phylum水平上的优势菌为Firmicutes,而在盲肠主要定植的是Bacteroidetes[9],这与本研究结果一致。不同肠道部位在功能上彼此不同,并且不同的肠道菌群有助于不同的肠道功能。小肠(包括十二指肠、空肠及回肠)是营养物质消化和吸收的重要场所,而盲肠的功能主要是分解食糜中的纤维素及蛋白质等难消化底物,产生氨、胺类和有机酸[10]。已有大量研究关于Firmicutes及Bacteroidetes对肠道功能的益生作用,Firmicutes与宿主高能量利用效率相关,而Bacteroidetes有助于宿主进行多糖分解,提高养分利用率;并且饲喂膳食纤维促进了盲肠中Bacteroidetes增殖[11]。本研究中,A1组显著提高了小鼠小肠和回肠中Firmicutes的丰度、A1和A2组显著提高了小鼠结肠中Bacteroidetes的相对丰度。与本研究结果一致,张斌斌等[12]报道藏成药七十味珍珠丸提高了小鼠小肠内容物中Firmicutes的相对丰度,张俊杰等[13]报道,四君子汤、麻杏石甘汤、麻杏石甘汤合四君子汤等中药经方显著提高了小鼠粪便中Bacteroidetes的相对丰度。
在属水平上,紫草药材对小鼠肠道的优势菌属结构及比例也有显著影响。Lactobacillus是常见的益生菌,可以通过发酵食物产生乳酸从而降低pH,达到抑制病原菌的目的,在小肠发挥营养物质消化吸收功能中起重要作用[14]。Li等 [15]报道,大黄牡丹皮汤作为益生元促进益生菌Lactobacillus bulgaricus的生长,通过益生菌发挥有益作用。Wang等[16]报道,Lactobacillus reuteri HCM2可调节小鼠肠道菌群,防止由Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli引起的肠道菌群营养不良。本研究中,A1组显著提高了小鼠小肠中Lactobacillus的相对丰度、A2组显著提高了小鼠回肠中Lactobacillus的相对丰度。
本研究发现,Lactobacillus也是结肠的优势菌之一,并且A1组提高了小鼠结肠中Lactobacillus的相对丰度。这与前人研究结果相似,张俊杰等[13]报道,四君子汤的使用可以通过增加Lactobacillus等有益菌、抑制病原菌来对肠道菌群进行调节。Bacteroides是大肠(包括盲肠和结肠)中的优势菌,具有极高的水解活性,主要降解难消化碳水化合物产生短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)[17]。钟婧等[18]报道,四君子汤可降低病原菌AlistipesTyzzerella等的含量,使益生菌Akkermansia增加,麻杏石甘汤可使病原菌脱硫弧菌属、颤螺旋菌属和Tyzzerella数量减少的同时引起病原菌Alistipes的增加,说明某些清热类中药药性苦寒,可能对菌群有一定的“毒性”作用,在抑制某些益生菌的同时也会引起病原菌的增加,麻杏石甘汤合四君子汤显著提高了小鼠粪便菌群中Bacteroides的相对丰度有助于改善流感引起的小鼠肠道菌群失调的状态。与前人研究结果相似,A2组提高了结肠中Bacteroides的相对丰度。病原菌Alistipes主要存在于结肠中,本研究结果表明,A2实验组显著降低了小鼠结肠中Alistipes的相对丰度,而A1实验组则扶植了小鼠结肠中的Alistipes
紫草味甘、咸,性寒,归心、肝经,紫草药材的药性为寒性,本研究设置了药典收载品和市场混淆品2个实验组,根据肠道菌群调节作用的结果,紫草药材中2个实验组的肠道菌群调节作用不一致,但均改变了小鼠肠道菌群的相对丰度及多样性。通过查阅文献发现,确实有部分益生菌会参与某些代谢途径,影响一些小分子物质的吸收从而改变肠道菌群结构以及一些疾病的状态,本课题组曾比较过新疆紫草与紫草非药典品的主要化学成分,二者存在差异。
调控肠道菌群是中药发挥药效的潜在途径之一,本研究比较了紫草药材及其伪品对小鼠不同肠道部位的菌群调节作用的差异,对紫草药材及其主要市场混伪品进行了评价,本研究结果可为深入探索其作用机制提供理论基础。
  • *国家药品监督管理局药品监管科学体系建设重点项目“新技术新方法在中药质量控制中的应用”(RS2024Z006-105)
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2024年第44卷第5期
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.05.05
  • 接收时间:2023-05-29
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-05-31
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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-29
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*国家药品监督管理局药品监管科学体系建设重点项目“新技术新方法在中药质量控制中的应用”(RS2024Z006-105)
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    1.中国食品药品检定研究院,北京 102629
    2.沈阳药科大学,沈阳 110016
    3.伊犁哈萨克自治州检验检测认证研究院,伊犁 835000

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马双成 Tel:(010)53832076;E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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