Article(id=1241779360097702030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1241779355555266850, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.05.19, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1688227200000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773992870592, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1717084800000, pubDateStr=2024-05-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773992870592, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773992870592, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773992870592, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241779355555266850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='5', pageStart='737', pageEnd='920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773992869509, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773992925624, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241779590985749489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1241779355555266850, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241779590985749490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1241779355555266850, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=903, endPage=911, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241779363335704746, articleId=1241779360097702030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Quality differences of Puerariae Flos with different commercial specifications based on HPLC characteristic chromatogram,chemometrics and multi-index component determination*, columnId=1239148841803501731, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Quality Control, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To establish HPLC characteristic chromatogram and multi-index component determination methods,so as to effectively distinguish Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi (GH),Pueraria thomsonii Benth (FGH) and their confusing species,and to evaluate the quality of Puerariae Flos.

Methods:

HPLC was used to analyze the chemical components from different Puerariae Flos with different commercial specifications. The chromatographic conditions were optimized,and the characteristic chromatogram was established. Principal component analysis(PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) analysis were used to analyze the characteristic chromatogram data of Puerariae Flos with different commercial specifications and to select the differential markers of Puerariae Flos. The differential markers were identified by comparing them with the reference substance,and their contents were determined and the determination results were analyzed.

Results:

HPLC characteristic chromatograms of GH,FGH and their confusing species were established,and a total of 18,27,18 and 8 common peaks were matched in GH,FGH,Pueraria lobata var. montana (GMM) and Wisteria sinensis (Sims) Sweet (ZTH) respectively. Ten chromatographic peaks were identified,including puerarin (Pu),daidzin (Da),daidzein (Dae),genistin (Ge),genistein (Gee),kakkalide (Ka),glycitin (Gl),tectoridin (Td),tectorigenin (Tg) and tectorigenin-7-O-xylosylglucoside (Tx),and HPLC method for the determination of the above ten components was established simultaneously. The results of PCA and PLS-DA could distinguish four kinds of samples with different commercial specifications. Gl,Tx,Ge,Td,Ka and one unknown compound 6 were the components with significant differences between the samples with four different commodity specifications. The chemical components of GH and FGH were obviously different from their adulterants. The content of Ka in GH were 10 times as much as that in FGH,and the content of Ge was half as much as that in FGH. Da,Gl was not detected in GH.

Conclusion:

The established characteristic chromatogram,chemometrics and multi-index component determination method in this study is rapid,simple,objectively and effectively and comprehensive quality evaluation of Puerariae Flos,which can provide the references for improving the quality control standard of Puerariae Flos.

, correspAuthors=Zhuan-ping ZHANG, Fang-di HU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Li-jun ZHANG, Peng LI, Long-hai LI, Xin-yue ZHANG, Dong-ni MA, Zhuan-ping ZHANG, Fang-di HU, Lei WANG, Hong-mei KE, Peng LI, Li LIU, Chun-yan WU, Xiao-an LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241779367370625384, articleId=1241779360097702030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=基于特征图谱、化学计量学和多指标成分测定的不同商品规格葛花质量差异分析*, columnId=1239148842025799861, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=质量分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的:

建立能有效区分葛花(Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi)、粉葛花(Pueraria thomsonii Benth.)及其混淆品种的特征图谱和多指标成分测定分析方法,用于葛花药材的整体质量控制。

方法:

采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对不同商品规格葛花中主要化学成分进行分析,确定最佳色谱条件,建立特征图谱;利用主成分分析(PCA)和偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)对不同商品规格葛花特征图谱数据进行分析,筛选确认差异性标志物;通过与对照品比对,对差异性标志物进行指认,进行定量分析,并分析测定结果。

结果:

建立了葛花、粉葛花、葛麻姆花及紫藤花的特征图谱,分别匹配了18、27、18及8个共有峰,指认出葛根素(Pu)、大豆苷(Da)、大豆苷元(Dae)、染料木苷(Ge)、染料木素(Gee)、葛花苷(Ka)、glycitin(Gl)、tectoridin(Td)、tectorigenin(Tg)及tectorigenin-7-O-xylosylglucoside(Tx)10个色谱峰,并同时建立了上述10个成分的含量测定方法。PCA和PLS-DA结果可将4种不同商品规格葛花样品明显区分,以Gl、Tx、Ge、Td、Ka及未知化合物(6号峰)为差异性标志物。葛花、粉葛花所含成分明显区别其混淆品,葛花中Ka含量为粉葛花的10倍,Ge含量为粉葛花的50%,未检测到Da、Gl。

结论:

所建立的特征图谱结合化学计量学及多指标成分测定分析方法简便、可行,可客观、有效地用于葛花药材质量控制,作为修改葛花质量标准提供参考。

, correspAuthors=张转平, 胡芳弟, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
** 胡芳弟 Tel:(0931)8915686;E-mail:;
张转平 Tel:(0915)3210257;E-mail:
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figureFileBig=n3Be6llT3fpaDjkYlvaH/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241779378972070750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779360097702030, language=CN, label=图1, caption=葛花(a)、粉葛花(b)、葛麻姆花(c)、紫藤花(d)和混合对照品(e)的HPLC图

3.Pu 7.Da 8.Gl 12.Tx 14.Ge 15.Td 26.Dae 27.Ka 30.Gee 31.Tg

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Results of linearity,LOD and LOQ

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差异性标志物
(differential marker)
回归方程
(regression equation)
r线性范围
(linearity range)/(μg·mL-1
LOD/(μg·mL-1LOQ/(μg·mL-1
PuY=2.046×104X-1.385×1031.0000.446 7~4.466 70.022 30.067 0
DaY=2.743×104X-1.405×1031.0000.513 3~5.133 40.025 70.077 0
GlY=2.729×104X-9.436×1030.999 83.733 3~37.333 40.037 30.112 0
TxY=1.656×104X-5.936×1040.999 735.00~350.000.035 00.105 0
GeY=3.917×104X-1.039×1040.999 92.816 7~28.166 60.028 20.084 5
TdY=3.615×104X-1.366×1040.999 82.400 0~24.000 00.024 00.072 0
DaeY=3.122×104X-3.663×1030.999 80.590 0~5.900 00.029 50.088 5
KaY=2.335×104X-1.085×1050.999 939.833 3~398.333 40.039 80.119 5
GeeY=5.309×104X-5.998×1031.0000.560 0~5.600 00.056 00.168 0
TgY=4.834×104X-7.761×1031.0000.720 0~7.200 00.072 00.216 0
), ArticleFig(id=1241779381614482309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779360097702030, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

线性方程、定量限与检测限结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
差异性标志物
(differential marker)
回归方程
(regression equation)
r线性范围
(linearity range)/(μg·mL-1
LOD/(μg·mL-1LOQ/(μg·mL-1
PuY=2.046×104X-1.385×1031.0000.446 7~4.466 70.022 30.067 0
DaY=2.743×104X-1.405×1031.0000.513 3~5.133 40.025 70.077 0
GlY=2.729×104X-9.436×1030.999 83.733 3~37.333 40.037 30.112 0
TxY=1.656×104X-5.936×1040.999 735.00~350.000.035 00.105 0
GeY=3.917×104X-1.039×1040.999 92.816 7~28.166 60.028 20.084 5
TdY=3.615×104X-1.366×1040.999 82.400 0~24.000 00.024 00.072 0
DaeY=3.122×104X-3.663×1030.999 80.590 0~5.900 00.029 50.088 5
KaY=2.335×104X-1.085×1050.999 939.833 3~398.333 40.039 80.119 5
GeeY=5.309×104X-5.998×1031.0000.560 0~5.600 00.056 00.168 0
TgY=4.834×104X-7.761×1031.0000.720 0~7.200 00.072 00.216 0
), ArticleFig(id=1241779381694174089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779360097702030, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Determination results of Puerariae Flos with different commercial specifications

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编号
(No.)
含量(content)/%
KaPuDaGlTxGeTdDaeGeeTg
GH-11.918 40.011 8--0.452 40.016 20.030 10.021 80.016 50.015 5
GH-22.159 10.010 5--0.551 20.018 00.036 30.024 50.021 70.021 2
GH-32.073 00.011 2--0.510 00.017 40.033 70.023 10.019 40.018 6
GH-41.150 80.007 6--0.301 10.012 00.021 00.013 50.010 80.010 6
GH-52.719 10.015 8--0.607 10.021 00.039 30.029 60.022 30.020 4
GH-61.960 30.010 0--0.441 30.015 50.028 40.019 70.015 10.014 3
GH-72.110 50.010 5--0.500 10.017 20.032 60.022 90.017 40.017 1
GH-81.355 90.007 0--0.360 90.013 00.024 70.015 70.013 80.013 8
GH-93.049 00.014 1--0.745 20.023 40.047 90.034 40.029 70.028 6
GH-102.194 20.010 6--0.511 30.017 70.037 20.026 90.021 00.021 1
GH-112.949 00.012 7--0.733 40.022 30.047 50.034 70.028 20.027 2
GH-121.291 50.007 3--0.332 60.012 60.022 80.014 70.012 30.012 2
GH-132.921 80.015 3--0.684 60.022 70.044 10.032 40.026 20.024 7
GH-141.214 50.006 5--0.284 70.011 60.020 10.014 10.010 40.010 9
GH-152.523 20.014 6--0.586 30.020 00.037 60.028 20.021 20.018 4
GH-163.011 20.013 7--0.723 60.024 80.048 10.033 60.028 60.027 4
GH-172.801 50.016 6--0.675 50.023 10.044 90.031 10.025 50.025 1
GH-181.856 10.010 0--0.431 30.015 50.028 30.020 10.014 30.014 8
GH-192.19420.010 9--0.542 40.017 80.034 10.023 60.020 80.020 9
GH-202.110 00.010 0--0.490 00.016 50.034 70.025 60.019 90.017 5
FGH-10.331 50.013 80.014 00.326 80.863 50.068 00.168 00.009 60.007 30.008 7
FGH-20.111 60.003 10.005 10.114 50.315 10.025 00.059 90.003 90.003 10.003 9
FGH-30.198 50.006 60.008 70.198 10.529 00.042 40.101 90.006 10.004 70.005 7
FGH-40.469 30.018 50.020 20.464 21.210 40.097 70.236 70.013 20.010 00.011 8
FGH-50.178 00.006 30.008 60.202 60.514 60.040 00.102 40.005 80.004 20.005 9
FGH-60.121 90.002 90.004 80.115 90.294 70.022 70.058 90.003 30.002 80.003 3
FGH-70.362 20.013 90.014 10.508 31.016 80.081 50.271 60.012 80.011 90.017 6
FGH-80.320 10.013 00.014 10.336 00.858 70.065 40.170 70.009 00.006 90.008 9
FGH-90.422 10.013 70.013 50.478 61.215 50.094 80.240 80.012 80.009 60.011 1
FGH-100.311 20.010 00.021 00.225 60.675 60.042 30.099 30.008 90.008 20.009 6
GMM-10.484 1-0.048 40.033 38.904 70.053 61.108 5-0.017 80.162 2
GMM-20.283 1-0.027 30.025 85.345 10.037 70.667 6-0.012 30.098 2
GMM-30.351 3-0.029 50.036 18.510 30.050 01.011 2-0.015 60.170 1
GMM-40.296 5-0.027 10.026 45.012 00.039 10.610 9-0.013 10.101 2
GMM-50.291 2-0.028 80.026 75.411 60.030 90.631 7-0.011 50.096 6
ZTH-1----0.306 60.005 2----
ZTH-2----0.398 10.005 8----
ZTH-3----0.220 30.004 7----
ZTH-4----0.305 00.005 1----
), ArticleFig(id=1241779381790643085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241779360097702030, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同商品规格葛花的含量测定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
(No.)
含量(content)/%
KaPuDaGlTxGeTdDaeGeeTg
GH-11.918 40.011 8--0.452 40.016 20.030 10.021 80.016 50.015 5
GH-22.159 10.010 5--0.551 20.018 00.036 30.024 50.021 70.021 2
GH-32.073 00.011 2--0.510 00.017 40.033 70.023 10.019 40.018 6
GH-41.150 80.007 6--0.301 10.012 00.021 00.013 50.010 80.010 6
GH-52.719 10.015 8--0.607 10.021 00.039 30.029 60.022 30.020 4
GH-61.960 30.010 0--0.441 30.015 50.028 40.019 70.015 10.014 3
GH-72.110 50.010 5--0.500 10.017 20.032 60.022 90.017 40.017 1
GH-81.355 90.007 0--0.360 90.013 00.024 70.015 70.013 80.013 8
GH-93.049 00.014 1--0.745 20.023 40.047 90.034 40.029 70.028 6
GH-102.194 20.010 6--0.511 30.017 70.037 20.026 90.021 00.021 1
GH-112.949 00.012 7--0.733 40.022 30.047 50.034 70.028 20.027 2
GH-121.291 50.007 3--0.332 60.012 60.022 80.014 70.012 30.012 2
GH-132.921 80.015 3--0.684 60.022 70.044 10.032 40.026 20.024 7
GH-141.214 50.006 5--0.284 70.011 60.020 10.014 10.010 40.010 9
GH-152.523 20.014 6--0.586 30.020 00.037 60.028 20.021 20.018 4
GH-163.011 20.013 7--0.723 60.024 80.048 10.033 60.028 60.027 4
GH-172.801 50.016 6--0.675 50.023 10.044 90.031 10.025 50.025 1
GH-181.856 10.010 0--0.431 30.015 50.028 30.020 10.014 30.014 8
GH-192.19420.010 9--0.542 40.017 80.034 10.023 60.020 80.020 9
GH-202.110 00.010 0--0.490 00.016 50.034 70.025 60.019 90.017 5
FGH-10.331 50.013 80.014 00.326 80.863 50.068 00.168 00.009 60.007 30.008 7
FGH-20.111 60.003 10.005 10.114 50.315 10.025 00.059 90.003 90.003 10.003 9
FGH-30.198 50.006 60.008 70.198 10.529 00.042 40.101 90.006 10.004 70.005 7
FGH-40.469 30.018 50.020 20.464 21.210 40.097 70.236 70.013 20.010 00.011 8
FGH-50.178 00.006 30.008 60.202 60.514 60.040 00.102 40.005 80.004 20.005 9
FGH-60.121 90.002 90.004 80.115 90.294 70.022 70.058 90.003 30.002 80.003 3
FGH-70.362 20.013 90.014 10.508 31.016 80.081 50.271 60.012 80.011 90.017 6
FGH-80.320 10.013 00.014 10.336 00.858 70.065 40.170 70.009 00.006 90.008 9
FGH-90.422 10.013 70.013 50.478 61.215 50.094 80.240 80.012 80.009 60.011 1
FGH-100.311 20.010 00.021 00.225 60.675 60.042 30.099 30.008 90.008 20.009 6
GMM-10.484 1-0.048 40.033 38.904 70.053 61.108 5-0.017 80.162 2
GMM-20.283 1-0.027 30.025 85.345 10.037 70.667 6-0.012 30.098 2
GMM-30.351 3-0.029 50.036 18.510 30.050 01.011 2-0.015 60.170 1
GMM-40.296 5-0.027 10.026 45.012 00.039 10.610 9-0.013 10.101 2
GMM-50.291 2-0.028 80.026 75.411 60.030 90.631 7-0.011 50.096 6
ZTH-1----0.306 60.005 2----
ZTH-2----0.398 10.005 8----
ZTH-3----0.220 30.004 7----
ZTH-4----0.305 00.005 1----
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基于特征图谱、化学计量学和多指标成分测定的不同商品规格葛花质量差异分析*
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张立军 1, 2 , 李鹏 3 , 李隆海 4 , 张新玥 5 , 马冬妮 6 , 张转平 2, ** , 胡芳弟 1, ** , 王磊 7 , 柯红梅 2 , 李鹏 2 , 刘丽 2 , 吴春燕 2 , 李小安 2
药物分析杂志 | 质量分析 2024,44(5): 903-911
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药物分析杂志 | 质量分析 2024, 44(5): 903-911
基于特征图谱、化学计量学和多指标成分测定的不同商品规格葛花质量差异分析*
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张立军1, 2 , 李鹏3, 李隆海4, 张新玥5, 马冬妮6, 张转平2, ** , 胡芳弟1, ** , 王磊7, 柯红梅2, 李鹏2, 刘丽2, 吴春燕2, 李小安2
作者信息
  • 1.兰州大学药学院,兰州 730000
  • 2.陕西省安康市食品药品检验检测中心,安康 725000
  • 3.商洛市药品检验所,商洛 726000
  • 4.旬阳市金寨镇农业综合服务站,旬阳 725751
  • 5.北京中医药大学中药学院,北京 1000294
  • 6.甘肃省敦煌市医院,敦煌 736200
  • 7.安康市天源植物提取有限公司,安康 725000
  • Tel:18791071858;E-mail:

通讯作者:

** 胡芳弟 Tel:(0931)8915686;E-mail:;
张转平 Tel:(0915)3210257;E-mail:
Quality differences of Puerariae Flos with different commercial specifications based on HPLC characteristic chromatogram,chemometrics and multi-index component determination*
Li-jun ZHANG1, 2 , Peng LI3, Long-hai LI4, Xin-yue ZHANG5, Dong-ni MA6, Zhuan-ping ZHANG2, ** , Fang-di HU1, ** , Lei WANG7, Hong-mei KE2, Peng LI2, Li LIU2, Chun-yan WU2, Xiao-an LI2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • 2.Ankang Inspection and Detection Center of Food and Drug Control, Ankang 725000, China
  • 3.Shangluo Drug Inspection Center, Shangluo 726000, China
  • 4.Xunyang City Jinzhai Town Agricultural Comprehensive Service Station, Xunyang 725751, China
  • 5.Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
  • 6.Dunhuang Hospital of Gansu Province, Dunhuang 736200, China
  • 7.Ankang Tianyuan Plant Extraction Co., Ltd., Ankang 725000, China
出版时间: 2024-05-31 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.05.19
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目的:

建立能有效区分葛花(Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi)、粉葛花(Pueraria thomsonii Benth.)及其混淆品种的特征图谱和多指标成分测定分析方法,用于葛花药材的整体质量控制。

方法:

采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对不同商品规格葛花中主要化学成分进行分析,确定最佳色谱条件,建立特征图谱;利用主成分分析(PCA)和偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)对不同商品规格葛花特征图谱数据进行分析,筛选确认差异性标志物;通过与对照品比对,对差异性标志物进行指认,进行定量分析,并分析测定结果。

结果:

建立了葛花、粉葛花、葛麻姆花及紫藤花的特征图谱,分别匹配了18、27、18及8个共有峰,指认出葛根素(Pu)、大豆苷(Da)、大豆苷元(Dae)、染料木苷(Ge)、染料木素(Gee)、葛花苷(Ka)、glycitin(Gl)、tectoridin(Td)、tectorigenin(Tg)及tectorigenin-7-O-xylosylglucoside(Tx)10个色谱峰,并同时建立了上述10个成分的含量测定方法。PCA和PLS-DA结果可将4种不同商品规格葛花样品明显区分,以Gl、Tx、Ge、Td、Ka及未知化合物(6号峰)为差异性标志物。葛花、粉葛花所含成分明显区别其混淆品,葛花中Ka含量为粉葛花的10倍,Ge含量为粉葛花的50%,未检测到Da、Gl。

结论:

所建立的特征图谱结合化学计量学及多指标成分测定分析方法简便、可行,可客观、有效地用于葛花药材质量控制,作为修改葛花质量标准提供参考。

葛花  /  粉葛花  /  混淆品  /  特征图谱  /  化学计量学  /  质量控制  /  差异性标志物  /  葛花苷  /  染料木苷
Objective:

To establish HPLC characteristic chromatogram and multi-index component determination methods,so as to effectively distinguish Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi (GH),Pueraria thomsonii Benth (FGH) and their confusing species,and to evaluate the quality of Puerariae Flos.

Methods:

HPLC was used to analyze the chemical components from different Puerariae Flos with different commercial specifications. The chromatographic conditions were optimized,and the characteristic chromatogram was established. Principal component analysis(PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) analysis were used to analyze the characteristic chromatogram data of Puerariae Flos with different commercial specifications and to select the differential markers of Puerariae Flos. The differential markers were identified by comparing them with the reference substance,and their contents were determined and the determination results were analyzed.

Results:

HPLC characteristic chromatograms of GH,FGH and their confusing species were established,and a total of 18,27,18 and 8 common peaks were matched in GH,FGH,Pueraria lobata var. montana (GMM) and Wisteria sinensis (Sims) Sweet (ZTH) respectively. Ten chromatographic peaks were identified,including puerarin (Pu),daidzin (Da),daidzein (Dae),genistin (Ge),genistein (Gee),kakkalide (Ka),glycitin (Gl),tectoridin (Td),tectorigenin (Tg) and tectorigenin-7-O-xylosylglucoside (Tx),and HPLC method for the determination of the above ten components was established simultaneously. The results of PCA and PLS-DA could distinguish four kinds of samples with different commercial specifications. Gl,Tx,Ge,Td,Ka and one unknown compound 6 were the components with significant differences between the samples with four different commodity specifications. The chemical components of GH and FGH were obviously different from their adulterants. The content of Ka in GH were 10 times as much as that in FGH,and the content of Ge was half as much as that in FGH. Da,Gl was not detected in GH.

Conclusion:

The established characteristic chromatogram,chemometrics and multi-index component determination method in this study is rapid,simple,objectively and effectively and comprehensive quality evaluation of Puerariae Flos,which can provide the references for improving the quality control standard of Puerariae Flos.

Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi  /  Pueraria thomsonii Benth.  /  confusing species  /  characteristic fingerprint  /  chemometrics  /  quality control  /  differential markers  /  kakkalide  /  genistin
张立军, 李鹏, 李隆海, 张新玥, 马冬妮, 张转平, 胡芳弟, 王磊, 柯红梅, 李鹏, 刘丽, 吴春燕, 李小安. 基于特征图谱、化学计量学和多指标成分测定的不同商品规格葛花质量差异分析*. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (5) : 903 -911 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.05.19
Li-jun ZHANG, Peng LI, Long-hai LI, Xin-yue ZHANG, Dong-ni MA, Zhuan-ping ZHANG, Fang-di HU, Lei WANG, Hong-mei KE, Peng LI, Li LIU, Chun-yan WU, Xiao-an LI. Quality differences of Puerariae Flos with different commercial specifications based on HPLC characteristic chromatogram,chemometrics and multi-index component determination*[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (5) : 903 -911 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.05.19
葛花(Puerariae Flos)为豆科葛属植物野葛(Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi)或粉葛(Pueraria thomsonii Benth.)的干燥花蕾,又名野葛花、甘葛花、粉葛花或鹿霍花,收载于《备急千金要方·卷二十五备急方》《名医别录》《滇南本草》及《本草纲目》中,具有解酒醒酒、清湿热、除烦止呕的功效[1-3]。现代研究表明,葛花具有解酒毒、降血糖、降血脂、抗氧化、心肌保护及雌激素样等作用,被广泛用作解酒保肝、降血糖血脂、抗骨质疏松及调节免疫等保健产品开发的原料药[4]。研究显示,葛花中主要含有黄酮类、萜类、甾体类及香豆素类等化学成分,其中葛根素(puerarin,Pu)、大豆苷(daidzin,Da)、大豆苷元(daidzein,Dae)、染料木苷(genistin,Ge)、染料木素(genistein,Gee)、葛花苷(kakkalide,Ka)、glycitin(Gl)、tectoridin(Td)、tectorigenin(Tg)、tectorigenin-7-O-xylosylglucoside(Tx)等为主要化学成分[4]。葛花主要分布于中国以及东南亚地区,其中在中国分布最广,陕西、四川、广西及云南等地是葛花主产区,据最新统计,中国葛花有7种加2个变种[5-6]。部颁标准和各省地方中药材标准已明确规定野葛和粉葛的花蕾为中国葛花的2个药用正品来源,但课题组研究发现,二者化学成分存在明显差异,市场上普遍存在使用葛的变种或其他植物的花蕾作为混淆品,如葛麻姆花、紫藤花等。目前,葛花仅有部颁标准和地方标准,品种鉴别混乱,控制指标仅性状、鉴别与检查,过于简单,有关完善的质量控制标准尚未见报道[7-8]
特征图谱是一种综合、宏观、可量化的色谱鉴定手段,被广泛用于中药的质量评价,可较全面地反映中药中化学成分差异特征,从而达到甄别真伪优劣的目的[9-11]。本研究采用HPLC建立葛花、粉葛花和其混淆品特征图谱,采用化学计量学结合文献调研筛选确认其差异性标志物,并进行定量分析。此外,为进一步验证和筛选差异性标志物,在特征图谱的基础上,建立了多指标成分测定分析方法,用于葛花中Pu、Da、Dae、Ge、Gee、Ka、Gl、Td、Tg及Tx的含量测定,系统阐明葛花、粉葛花与其混淆品化学成分的差异,为全面、系统地控制葛花质量提供实验依据。
20批葛花(GH)与10批粉葛花(FGH)药材分别采集于陕西(GH-1~GH-10;FGH-1~FGH-3)、四川(GH-11~GH-14)、云南(GH-15~GH-18;FGH-4~FGH-5)、广西(FGH-6~FGH-10)、湖南(GH-19~GH-20),经安康市食品药品检验检测中心张转平教授鉴定为豆科葛属植物野葛(Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi)或粉葛(Pueraria thomsonii Benth.)的干燥花蕾。5批葛麻姆花(GMM)和4批紫藤花(ZTH)分别采集于湖南(GMM-1~GMM-3)、陕西(ZTH-1~ZTH-3),购于陕西贝斯特药材市场(GMM-4)、安徽亳州药材市场(GMM-5;ZTH-4),经安康市食品药品检验检测中心张转平教授鉴定分别为豆科葛属植物葛麻姆(Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi var. montana (Lour.) van der Maesen, op. cit.)或紫藤属植物紫藤(Wisteria sinensis (Sims) Sweet, Hort. Brit.)的干燥花蕾。
BS224S万分之一电子分析天平(Sartorius公司);AS10200BT超声波清洗器(天津奥特赛恩斯仪器有限公司);Shimadzu LC-20AT、Shimadzu LC-2030高效液相色谱仪(岛津公司);Agilent 1200 Series型高效液相色谱仪,Agilent 5 TC C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱2,Agilent科技有限公司;Phenomenex ODS C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱1,Phenomenex公司;Waters sunfire C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱3,Waters公司。
对照品Pu(批号110752-201816,含量95.40%)、Da(批号111738-201904,含量93.40%)、Dae(批号111502-202003,含量99.30%)、Ge(批号111709-201702,含量99.90%)、Gee(批号111704-202104,含量98.80%)均购于中国食品药品检定研究院。对照品Ka(批号CHB201122,含量98.00%)、Gl(批号CHB201230,含量98.00%)、Td(批号CHB201104,含量98.50%)、Tg(批号CHB201219,含量98.50%)、Tx(批号CHB201201,含量98.00%)均购于中国成都克洛玛生物科技有限公司。
葛花、粉葛花及其混淆品分别粉碎过40目筛,取约0.2 g,精密称定,置于具塞锥形瓶中,加甲醇25 mL,称量,超声处理(功率300 W,频率55 kHz,水温30 ℃)30 min,放冷,用甲醇补足减失的量,摇匀,滤过,进样前用0.45 μm微孔膜过滤,即得。
取Pu、Da、Dae、Ge、Gee、Ka、Gl、Td、Tg及Tx的对照品适量,精密称定,加甲醇制备质量浓度分别为8.933 3、10.266 7、11.800 0、56.333 3、11.200 0、796.666 7、74.666 7、48.000 0、14.400 0、700.000 0 μg·mL-1的混合对照品储备液,4 ℃冰箱中存贮备用。
色谱柱:Phenomenex ODS C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);流动相:0.2%磷酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B),梯度洗脱(0~5 min,15%B→20%B;5~17 min,20%B→25%B;17~25 min,25%B→33%B;25~45 min,33%B→33%B;45~55 min,33%B→75%B);流速:1.0 mL·min-1;进样量:10 μL;检测波长:265 nm;柱温:35 ℃。葛花、粉葛花及其混淆品的色谱图见图1
取甲醇按“2.3”项下色谱条件进样分析,结果表明溶剂无干扰。
取GH-1供试品溶液,按“2.3”项下色谱条件进样分析,连续进样6次,记录色谱图。以27号峰(Ka)为参照峰,计算各共有峰相对保留时间和峰面积,结果各共有峰相对保留时间和峰面积的RSD分别小于0.55%、1.2%(n=6),说明该仪器的精密度良好。
取GH-1供试品溶液,按“2.3”项下色谱条件进样,分别于0、3、6、9、12、24、48 h测定,以27号峰(Ka)参照峰,计算各共有峰相对保留时间和峰面积,结果各共有峰相对保留时间及峰面积的RSD分别小于0.94%、1.9%,表明48 h内供试品溶液的稳定性良好。
取GH-1样品,按“2.1”项下方法平行制备6份供试品溶液,按“2.3”项下色谱条件进样分析,以27号峰(Ka)参照峰,计算各共有峰相对保留时间和峰面积,结果各共有峰相对保留时间及峰面积的RSD分别小于0.59%、1.8%(n=6),表明本法有良好的重复性。
取GH-1供试品溶液,分别采用“1.2”项下3台不同HPLC仪,在3根不同品牌色谱柱条件下,按“2.3”项下色谱条件进行分析并记录色谱图。以27号峰(Ka)为参照峰,各色谱峰出峰顺序均未改变,各色谱峰相对保留时间RSD均<2.8%,表明本法有良好的耐用性。
分别取葛花、粉葛花、葛麻姆花及紫藤花的供试品溶液,按“2.3”项下色谱条件进样分析,分别记录色谱图,并将数据导入“中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统”(2012版),采用中位数法进行多点校正,生成特征图谱共有模式及对照特征图谱,确定葛花、粉葛花、葛麻姆花及紫藤花各自的共有峰分别为18、27、18、8个,见图2。从特征图谱可看出,这些成分为鉴别葛花、粉葛花及其混淆品的关键成分,将未知样品的色谱图与对照特征图谱比较,可定性鉴别葛花、粉葛花及其混淆品。
将上述特征图谱峰面积导入SIMCA 14.1进行主成分分析(PCA),观察不同商品规格葛花之间的整体差异性(图3)。建立的模型累计模型解释率R2Xcum为0.976,累计模型预测能力为0.905,表明建立的模型可以解释95.0%的原始信息,且R2Xcum均>0.5,表明建立的模型良好,稳定可靠。由Scores图(图3-A)整体来看,粉葛花较为分散,聚类不明显,但大致可以看出聚为4类,说明不同商品规格葛花化学成分存在一定差异。Loading图(图3-B)中成分点距离原点越远,表明该成分对样品的差异性贡献越大,由图3-B可知,对p[1](X轴)的影响顺序由大到小依次为峰27、8、6、12;对p[2](Y轴)的影响顺序由大到小依次为峰12、27、15、8、6、14,说明这些化学成分可作为鉴别葛花、粉葛花及其混淆品的差异性标志物。
为进一步筛选对不同商品规格葛花之间整体差异性影响较大的差异性标志物,在PCA基础上将其分为4类,以各自特征图谱数据中共有峰峰面积为变量,利用SIMCA 14.1软件建立偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)模型。在PLS-DA得分图[图4-AR2Xcum为0.889,R2Ycum为0.908,为0.876)]中,不同商品规格的葛花可很好地区分为4类,且相较PCA区分更明显,其中,粉葛花样品略微分散,可能是受产地差异的影响。为防止模型出现过拟合,通过置换检验200次对模型内部进行验证,结果如图4-B所示,R2Q2回归线的截距均小于原始值,证明模型稳定可靠,可用于不同商品规格葛花之间,整体差异性分析。VIP图以变量重要性投影值>1.0为标准,在VIP图(图4-C)中共筛选出6个差异性标志物。通过前期质谱研究、与对照品比对以及与紫外光谱图比较,指认出5个差异性标志物,其中8、12、14、15、27号峰分别为Gl、Tx、Ge、Td、Ka。
前文已建立了区分葛花、粉葛花及其混淆品的方法,并筛选确认了5个差异性标志物,结合文献调研[4],为进一步验证和筛选差异性标志物,更好地进行质量控制,在特征图谱的基础上,建立了多指标成分测定方法测定Pu、Da、Gl、Tx、Ge、Td、Dae、Ka、Gee及Tg 10个主要特征成分的含量。其中,供试品溶液制备、对照品溶液制备、色谱条件分别同“2.1”、“2.2”及“2.3”项。
精密度、稳定性及重复性测定方法同“2.4.1”项,记录Pu、Da、Gl、Tx、Ge、Td、Dae、Ka、Gee及Tg 10个主要成分的峰面积,并计算其质量分数的RSD。结果表明,各成分精密度的RSD均<1.5%、稳定性的RSD均<1.7%、重复性的RSD均<1.9%,说明该方法稳定、可靠。
精密吸取混合对照品储备液0.25、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.5 mL,分别用甲醇定容至5.0 mL,摇匀,按“2.3”项下色谱条件进样分析,测定峰面积,以峰面积(Y)对质量浓度(X)进行线性回归。将对照品溶液进行逐级稀释,分别以信噪比的3倍和10倍时的浓度作为检测限与定量限,见表1
取已知含量的GH-1样品粉末0.1 g共6份,精密称定,分别置于精密加有“2.2”项下2.00 mL混合对照品储备液的干燥具塞锥形瓶中,按“2.1”项下方法制备供试溶液,按“2.3”项下色谱条件进样分析,计算Pu、Da、Gl、Tx、Ge、Td、Dae、Ka、Gee及Tg的平均回收率,回收率范围在95.0%~105.7%,RSD均<1.8%,表明方法的回收率良好。
分别取20批葛花、10批粉葛花及其混淆品5批葛麻姆花、4批紫藤花药材,按“2.1”项下方法制备供试品溶液,按“2.3”项下色谱条件进样分析,分别计算各成分含量,结果见表2
同时对测定结果进行聚类热图分析,结合SPSS 24.0软件对其进行单因素方差分析,结果显示葛花、粉葛花及其混淆品中5种差异性标志物(Gl、Tx、Ge、Td、Ka)含量存在明显的差异(P<0.01)。其中,葛花中Ka、Dae含量显著高于粉葛花、葛麻姆花和紫藤花(P<0.01),未检测到Da、Gl;粉葛花中Gl、Ge含量显著高于葛花、葛麻姆花和紫藤花(P<0.01);葛麻姆花中Tx、Tg和Td含量显著高于葛花、粉葛花和紫藤花(P<0.01),未检测到Pu、Dae;紫藤花未检测到Pu、Da、Gl、Td、Dae、Ka、Gee及Tg,明显区别与葛花、粉葛花及葛麻姆花。同时通过聚类热图可将葛花、粉葛花及其混淆品分为4类,分类结果与PCA、PLS-DA一致,表明该5个成分可以作为区分葛花、粉葛花及其混淆品质量控制与鉴别的质控指标。见表2图5
实验采用二极管阵列检测器,在200~400 nm对10个黄酮类成分进行了全波长扫描,结果显示Pu、Da、Dae、Ge、Gee、Ka、Gl、Td、Tg及Tx 10个成分的紫外光谱图较为相似,均在256~274 nm波长处有最大吸收。选择在265 nm波长条件下,分析发现10个待测成分具有良好的基线分离,且基线平稳,可以满足定量分析的要求。实验考察了75%乙醇、95%乙醇、75%甲醇及甲醇各25 mL作为提取溶剂,结果选择甲醇作为提取溶剂时,色谱峰数目适宜,便于分离。实验也考察了超声及热回流处理方式,最终选择超声30 min,方法简便且效率高。实验还考察了甲醇-水、乙腈-水、乙腈-0.2%磷酸水溶液及乙腈-0.2%甲酸水溶液等流动相体系,最终选择乙腈-0.2磷酸水溶液梯度洗脱体系,分离效果好,拖尾得到很好的改善。
本研究采用化学计量学中PCA和PLS-DA方法,筛选了葛花、粉葛花及其混淆品的差异性标志物为Gl(8号峰)、Tx(12号峰)、Ge(14号峰)、Td(15号峰)、Ka(27号峰)以及未知标志物(6号峰)。为了有助于葛花全面质量控制,同时结合文献调研,选择了活性明确、含量较高的各类代表性成分作为含量测定的指标成分,主要包括Pu、Da、Dae、Ge、Gee、Ka、Gl、Td、Tg及Tx等主要化学成分[412]。其中,Ka、Pu、Da及Dae具有降血脂血糖、改善微循环及激活乙醇脱氢酶的活性[13-14]
针对市场流通、产品开发及临床应用中葛花、粉葛花及其混淆品存在的混用现象,本实验建立了能区分鉴别葛花、粉葛花及其混淆品的特征图谱,通过分析特征图谱中这些化学成分在种类和色谱峰强度上的差异,可准确鉴别葛花、粉葛花及其混淆品。本实验在特征图谱基础上建立的多指标成分测定分析方法,可有效测定葛花、粉葛花、葛麻姆花及紫藤花中主要有效成分Pu、Da、Gl、Tx、Ge、Td、Dae、Ka、Gee及Tg的含量。从含量测定结果与聚类热图可直观看出,来自不同产区的20批葛花、10批粉葛花、5批葛麻姆花及4批紫藤花药材中5个差异性标志物(Gl、Tx、Td、Ka)含量存在明显的差异(P<0.01),其中葛花中含有Pu(0.006 5%~0.016 6%)、Tx(0.284 7%~0.745 2%)、Ge(0.011 6%~0.024 8%)、Td(0.020 1%~0.048 1%)、Dae(0.013 5%~0.034 7%)、Ka(1.150 8%~3.049 0%)、Gee(0.010 4%~0.029 7%)及Tg(0.010 6%~0.028 6%),未检测到Da、Gl。粉葛花中含有Pu(0.002 9%~0.018 5%)、Da(0.004 8%~0.021 0%)、Gl(0.114 5%~0.508 3%)、Tx(0.294 7%~1.215 5%)、Ge(0.022 7%~0.097 7%)、Td(0.058 9%~0.271 6%)、Dae(0.003 3%~0.013 2%)、Ka(0.111 6%~0.469 3%)、Gee(0.002 8%~0.011 9%)及Tg(0.003 3%~0.017 6%),粉葛花中含有的Ka显著低于葛花,不到葛花的10%,而Ge含量明显高于葛花。葛麻姆花中含有Da(0.027 1%~0.048 4%)、Gl(0.025 8%~0.036 1%)、Tx(5.012 0%~8.904 7%)、Ge(0.030 9%~0.053 6%)、Td(0.610 9%~1.108 5%)、Ka(0.283 1%~0.484 1%)、Gee(0.011 5%~0.017 8%)及Tg(0.096 6%~0.170 1%),未检测到Pu、Dae,其中Tx含量显著高于葛花和粉葛花,为葛花和粉葛花近20倍。紫藤花中含有Tx(0.220 3%~0.398 1%)、Ge(0.004 7%~0.005 8%),未检测到Pu、Da、Gl、Td、Dae、Ka、Gee及Tg,在含有成分种类及含量上明显区别与葛花、粉葛花及葛麻姆花。同时通过聚类热图,可将葛花、粉葛花及其混淆品明显分为4类,与化学计量学分析结果一致,进一步证实了选择该5个成分作为其差异性标志物的合理性。
目前收录野葛和粉葛的干燥花蕾共同作为葛花的药材来源,鉴于葛花和粉葛花中主要有效成分黄酮类存在较大差异,二者的临床疗效应该也有所不同,因此,在产品开发和临床应用中应当加以区分使用。同时,葛花有保健产品开发前景,亟需建立规范的葛花质量评价体系。本实验基于特征图谱结合化学计量学,筛选了葛花及其混淆品差异性标志物并进行了定量分析,建立的葛花特征图谱及多指标成分测定分析方法能够有效地区分葛花、粉葛花及其混淆品,同时对葛花中多个黄酮类成分及差异性标志物进行有效评价,可为葛花质量标准的修改完善提供参考依据。
  • *陕西省社会发展科技攻关项目(2015SF286)
  • 安康市社会发展科技攻关项目(AK2021-SF-01)
  • 陕西省药品科学监管和监管科学研究项目(SXYJ202317)
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.05.19
  • 接收时间:2023-07-02
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-05-31
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-02
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*陕西省社会发展科技攻关项目(2015SF286)
安康市社会发展科技攻关项目(AK2021-SF-01)
陕西省药品科学监管和监管科学研究项目(SXYJ202317)
作者信息
    1.兰州大学药学院,兰州 730000
    2.陕西省安康市食品药品检验检测中心,安康 725000
    3.商洛市药品检验所,商洛 726000
    4.旬阳市金寨镇农业综合服务站,旬阳 725751
    5.北京中医药大学中药学院,北京 1000294
    6.甘肃省敦煌市医院,敦煌 736200
    7.安康市天源植物提取有限公司,安康 725000

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** 胡芳弟 Tel:(0931)8915686;E-mail:;
张转平 Tel:(0915)3210257;E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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