Article(id=1241314573651858025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1241314565582025478, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0269, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1713715200000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773882056867, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1738252800000, pubDateStr=2025-01-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773882056867, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773882056867, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773882056867, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241314565582025478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2025', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='180', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773882054943, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773882204745, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241315193960059168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1241314565582025478, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241315193964253473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1241314565582025478, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=146, endPage=155, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241314574029345404, articleId=1241314573651858025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Identification of related substances in desloratadine by 2D LC-Q TOF MS, columnId=1206272757852074373, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Safety Monitoring, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To identify the related substances in desloratadine using two-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (2D LC-MS) technology.

Methods:

A Waters Symmetry C8 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) was employed. The mobile phase A consisted of a mixture containing 1% triethylamine and 10 mmol·L-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution adjusted to pH 2.0 with phosphoric acid, acetonitrile, and methanol(80:10:10), while mobile phase B contained 1% triethylamine, 10 mmol·L-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution(pH adjusted to 2.0 with phosphoric acid), acetonitrile, and tetrahydrofuran (30:70:5). A linear gradient elution was used for the first-dimension liquid chromatography separation of related substances in desloratadine. Individual separated components were captured through a multi-channel switching valve into retention vessels, then transferred to a Thermo BDS Hypersil C18 column (100 mm×4.6 mm, 3 μm). After a second-dimension gradient elution with a mobile phase composed of 10 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate solution and methanol to achieve rapid desalting, electrospray ionization positive ionization-quadrupole-time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometry was employed to measure the accurate masses and elemental compositions of parent ions and their daughter ions of the related substances. Structural identification was achieved through spectral analysis.

Results:

Under the established analytical conditions, desloratadine and its related substances were well separated. A total of 12 related substances were detected and identified in desloratadine and its stressed degradation samples. Among these 12 degradants, three were known impurities, while the others are newly identified impurities.

Conclusion:

2D LC-MS can effectively provide specific identification of desloratadine’s related substances under non-volatile mobile phase separation conditions. The findings from this study serve as a reference for controlling the quality of desloratadine.

, correspAuthors=Tai-jun HANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Kang-ming YIN, Jun-ju HAO, Yu-ting LU, Min SONG, Tai-jun HANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241314576097137458, articleId=1241314573651858025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=地氯雷他定有关物质的2D LC-Q TOF MS法鉴定, columnId=1206272758036623764, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=安全监测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的:

采用二维液相色谱-质谱联用技术鉴定地氯雷他定中的有关物质。

方法:

采用Waters Symmetry C8(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)色谱柱,以1%三乙胺10 mmol·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液(磷酸调pH至2.0)-乙腈-甲醇(80:10:10)为流动相A,1%三乙胺10 mmol·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液(磷酸调pH至2.0)-乙腈-四氢呋喃(30:70:5)为流动相B,线性梯度洗脱,对地氯雷他定有关物质进行第一维液相色谱分离。各分离成分经多通道切换阀分别被捕集于截留管中,然后输送到Thermo BDS Hypersil C18(100 mm×4.6 mm, 3 μm)色谱柱,以10 mmol·L-1乙酸铵溶液-甲醇为流动相,进行第二维液相色谱梯度洗脱实现快速脱盐后,电喷雾正离子化-四极杆-飞行时间高分辨质谱测定各有关物质母离子及其子离子的准确质量和元素组成,通过光谱解析鉴定其结构。

结果:

在所建立的分析条件下,地氯雷他定及其有关物质分离良好,检测并鉴定出地氯雷他定及其强制降解试验样品中12个有关物质,其中3个为已知杂质,其他杂质为新鉴定杂质。

结论:

二维液相色谱-质谱联用可以在保持地氯雷他定有关物质检查的非挥发性流动相分离的条件下,实现其有关物质的专属鉴定,研究结果可为地氯雷他定质量控制提供参考。

, correspAuthors=杭太俊, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* Tel:(025)83271090;E-mail:
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Tel:(025)83271090;E-mail:

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Identification and characterization of the related substances of monoammonium glycyrrhizinate and its high temperature degradation by HPLC-Q TOF MS/MS and NMR[J].Chin J Pharm Anal, 2021, 41(10): 1748, articleTitle=Identification and characterization of the related substances of monoammonium glycyrrhizinate and its high temperature degradation by HPLC-Q TOF MS/MS and NMR, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241324058306999257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314573651858025, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241324058348942299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314573651858025, companyId=1241324058306999257, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241324058357330908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314573651858025, companyId=1241324058306999257, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国药科大学药物分析系,南京210009)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241324062690046135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314573651858025, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=The synthetic route of desloratadine, figureFileSmall=iy1ecZIUvTSglzeTLgeNcQ==, figureFileBig=yIZSAfC8t76YKOuG05qYjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324062807486658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314573651858025, language=CN, label=图1, caption=地氯雷他定的合成路线, figureFileSmall=iy1ecZIUvTSglzeTLgeNcQ==, figureFileBig=yIZSAfC8t76YKOuG05qYjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324062937510093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314573651858025, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=LC-UV chromatograms of desloratadine and its stressed samples test solutions, figureFileSmall=tFPpijZqZO57+j6Qx5rbXQ==, figureFileBig=RHKe5o8EQawdCPzMk0x+tQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324063042367701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314573651858025, language=CN, label=图2, caption=地氯雷他定及其强制降解样品溶液液相色谱图

a. 0.1%自身对照溶液(0.1% self-reference solution) b.供试品溶液(test solution) c.混合对照品溶液(mixed impurities reference solution) d.酸破坏溶液(acidic destruction solution) e.碱破坏溶液(alkaline destruction solution) f.氧化破坏溶液(oxidative destruction solution) g.高温破坏溶液(thermo destruction solution) h.光照破坏溶液(photolytic destruction solution)

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Mass balance of desloratadine and its stressed test solutions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
降解条件
(stress condition)
C/(mg·mL-1有关物质峰面积
(areaimpurity
总峰面积(areatotalareatotal/C物料平衡
(mass balance)
未破坏(undamaged)1.09555 63534 772 2493.18×1071.00
酸破坏(acidic)1.12953 64938 320 8333.39×1071.06
碱破坏(alkaline)1.06548 68634 776 2593.26×1071.02
氧化破坏(oxidative)1.0755 790 27935 113 8863.27×1071.03
高温破坏(thermo)1.058610 89533 565 6823.17×1071.00
光照破坏(photolytic)1.079468 80335 248 4153.27×1071.03
), ArticleFig(id=1241324064439071021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314573651858025, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

地氯雷他定强制降解试验物料守恒

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
降解条件
(stress condition)
C/(mg·mL-1有关物质峰面积
(areaimpurity
总峰面积(areatotalareatotal/C物料平衡
(mass balance)
未破坏(undamaged)1.09555 63534 772 2493.18×1071.00
酸破坏(acidic)1.12953 64938 320 8333.39×1071.06
碱破坏(alkaline)1.06548 68634 776 2593.26×1071.02
氧化破坏(oxidative)1.0755 790 27935 113 8863.27×1071.03
高温破坏(thermo)1.058610 89533 565 6823.17×1071.00
光照破坏(photolytic)1.079468 80335 248 4153.27×1071.03
), ArticleFig(id=1241324064560705843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314573651858025, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Related substances identified in desloratadine by 2D-LC-Q TOF MS

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
(No.)
母离子
(parent ion)m/z
tR /min离子式
(ion formula)
偏差
(diff)
碎片离子
(product ion)m/z
λmax/nm来源
(origin)
API311.131 09.535C19H20ClN2+-2.571294.103 7、280.088 1、259.135 6、247.138 2280API
277.169 95.010C19H21N2+1.082260.143 6、248.143 5、245.120 5283Pr
331.137 29.336C19H21ClFN2+1.511311.131 5、294.104 6、282.104 9、259.136 2272Pr
311.131 010.372C19H20ClN2+0.965294.104 6、282.105 3、259.1360270Pr/Dr
355.080 410.565C19H20BrN2+5.070338.054 1、326.053 9、259.135 8、258.128 3280Pr
383.152 131.819C22H24ClN2O2+8.877337.109 9、294.106 2、267.081 5、259.136 3277Pr
1327.125 911.612C19H20ClN2O+-0.092310.123 6、294.104 7、280.089 0、259.135 5279Dr
2339.125 913.027C20H20ClN2O+-1.770311.129 7、294.103 2、282.104 2、259.133 6267Dr
3337.073 813.426C19H14ClN2O2+0.059320.072 0、302.102 8、292.071 0277Dr
4/Ⅴ309.115 313.605C19H18ClN2+0.550292.088 2、280.088 1、257.121 4、245.120 7276Dr
5327.089 514.359C18H16ClN2O2+0.061294.068 7、282.068 6、247.099 6281Dr
6311.094 614.704C18H16ClN2O+-0.161282.069 6、247.098 6、246.089 7、214.043 0280Dr
7323.094 615.849C19H16ClN2O+-1.176306.091 9、291.069 2、228.055 3、214.044 1278Dr
8/Ⅵ339.125 916.768C20H20ClN2O+-0.796311.130 9、294.104 0、282.103 4、259.134 4278Dr
9353.141 517.031C21H22ClN2O+2.322311.130 8、294.103 7、259.133 9、258.126 5279Dr
10339.089 529.451C19H16ClN2O2+-0.324322.088 0、307.062 3、294.068 1、281.060 5、267.083 1301Dr
11307.099 730.215C19H16ClN2+-1.758292.076 3、291.069 4、290.074 4、271.122 8302Dr
12383.152 132.914C22H24ClN2O2+1.462337.110 1、294.104 0、282.104 2、259.136 7281Dr
), ArticleFig(id=1241324064690729271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314573651858025, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

地氯雷他定有关物质的2D-LC-Q TOF MS鉴定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
(No.)
母离子
(parent ion)m/z
tR /min离子式
(ion formula)
偏差
(diff)
碎片离子
(product ion)m/z
λmax/nm来源
(origin)
API311.131 09.535C19H20ClN2+-2.571294.103 7、280.088 1、259.135 6、247.138 2280API
277.169 95.010C19H21N2+1.082260.143 6、248.143 5、245.120 5283Pr
331.137 29.336C19H21ClFN2+1.511311.131 5、294.104 6、282.104 9、259.136 2272Pr
311.131 010.372C19H20ClN2+0.965294.104 6、282.105 3、259.1360270Pr/Dr
355.080 410.565C19H20BrN2+5.070338.054 1、326.053 9、259.135 8、258.128 3280Pr
383.152 131.819C22H24ClN2O2+8.877337.109 9、294.106 2、267.081 5、259.136 3277Pr
1327.125 911.612C19H20ClN2O+-0.092310.123 6、294.104 7、280.089 0、259.135 5279Dr
2339.125 913.027C20H20ClN2O+-1.770311.129 7、294.103 2、282.104 2、259.133 6267Dr
3337.073 813.426C19H14ClN2O2+0.059320.072 0、302.102 8、292.071 0277Dr
4/Ⅴ309.115 313.605C19H18ClN2+0.550292.088 2、280.088 1、257.121 4、245.120 7276Dr
5327.089 514.359C18H16ClN2O2+0.061294.068 7、282.068 6、247.099 6281Dr
6311.094 614.704C18H16ClN2O+-0.161282.069 6、247.098 6、246.089 7、214.043 0280Dr
7323.094 615.849C19H16ClN2O+-1.176306.091 9、291.069 2、228.055 3、214.044 1278Dr
8/Ⅵ339.125 916.768C20H20ClN2O+-0.796311.130 9、294.104 0、282.103 4、259.134 4278Dr
9353.141 517.031C21H22ClN2O+2.322311.130 8、294.103 7、259.133 9、258.126 5279Dr
10339.089 529.451C19H16ClN2O2+-0.324322.088 0、307.062 3、294.068 1、281.060 5、267.083 1301Dr
11307.099 730.215C19H16ClN2+-1.758292.076 3、291.069 4、290.074 4、271.122 8302Dr
12383.152 132.914C22H24ClN2O2+1.462337.110 1、294.104 0、282.104 2、259.136 7281Dr
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地氯雷他定有关物质的2D LC-Q TOF MS法鉴定
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殷康明 , 郝俊菊 , 陆宇婷 , 宋敏 , 杭太俊 *
药物分析杂志 | 安全监测 2025,45(1): 146-155
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药物分析杂志 | 安全监测 2025, 45(1): 146-155
地氯雷他定有关物质的2D LC-Q TOF MS法鉴定
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殷康明 , 郝俊菊, 陆宇婷, 宋敏, 杭太俊*
作者信息
  • 中国药科大学药物分析系,南京210009
  • Tel:(025)83271090;E-mail:

通讯作者:

* Tel:(025)83271090;E-mail:
Identification of related substances in desloratadine by 2D LC-Q TOF MS
Kang-ming YIN , Jun-ju HAO, Yu-ting LU, Min SONG, Tai-jun HANG*
Affiliations
  • Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
出版时间: 2025-01-31 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0269
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目的:

采用二维液相色谱-质谱联用技术鉴定地氯雷他定中的有关物质。

方法:

采用Waters Symmetry C8(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)色谱柱,以1%三乙胺10 mmol·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液(磷酸调pH至2.0)-乙腈-甲醇(80:10:10)为流动相A,1%三乙胺10 mmol·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液(磷酸调pH至2.0)-乙腈-四氢呋喃(30:70:5)为流动相B,线性梯度洗脱,对地氯雷他定有关物质进行第一维液相色谱分离。各分离成分经多通道切换阀分别被捕集于截留管中,然后输送到Thermo BDS Hypersil C18(100 mm×4.6 mm, 3 μm)色谱柱,以10 mmol·L-1乙酸铵溶液-甲醇为流动相,进行第二维液相色谱梯度洗脱实现快速脱盐后,电喷雾正离子化-四极杆-飞行时间高分辨质谱测定各有关物质母离子及其子离子的准确质量和元素组成,通过光谱解析鉴定其结构。

结果:

在所建立的分析条件下,地氯雷他定及其有关物质分离良好,检测并鉴定出地氯雷他定及其强制降解试验样品中12个有关物质,其中3个为已知杂质,其他杂质为新鉴定杂质。

结论:

二维液相色谱-质谱联用可以在保持地氯雷他定有关物质检查的非挥发性流动相分离的条件下,实现其有关物质的专属鉴定,研究结果可为地氯雷他定质量控制提供参考。

地氯雷他定  /  有关物质  /  结构鉴定  /  强制降解  /  二维液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱
Objective:

To identify the related substances in desloratadine using two-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (2D LC-MS) technology.

Methods:

A Waters Symmetry C8 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) was employed. The mobile phase A consisted of a mixture containing 1% triethylamine and 10 mmol·L-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution adjusted to pH 2.0 with phosphoric acid, acetonitrile, and methanol(80:10:10), while mobile phase B contained 1% triethylamine, 10 mmol·L-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution(pH adjusted to 2.0 with phosphoric acid), acetonitrile, and tetrahydrofuran (30:70:5). A linear gradient elution was used for the first-dimension liquid chromatography separation of related substances in desloratadine. Individual separated components were captured through a multi-channel switching valve into retention vessels, then transferred to a Thermo BDS Hypersil C18 column (100 mm×4.6 mm, 3 μm). After a second-dimension gradient elution with a mobile phase composed of 10 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate solution and methanol to achieve rapid desalting, electrospray ionization positive ionization-quadrupole-time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometry was employed to measure the accurate masses and elemental compositions of parent ions and their daughter ions of the related substances. Structural identification was achieved through spectral analysis.

Results:

Under the established analytical conditions, desloratadine and its related substances were well separated. A total of 12 related substances were detected and identified in desloratadine and its stressed degradation samples. Among these 12 degradants, three were known impurities, while the others are newly identified impurities.

Conclusion:

2D LC-MS can effectively provide specific identification of desloratadine’s related substances under non-volatile mobile phase separation conditions. The findings from this study serve as a reference for controlling the quality of desloratadine.

desloratadine  /  related substances  /  structural identification  /  stressed degradation  /  2D LC-Q TOF MS
殷康明, 郝俊菊, 陆宇婷, 宋敏, 杭太俊. 地氯雷他定有关物质的2D LC-Q TOF MS法鉴定. 药物分析杂志, 2025 , 45 (1) : 146 -155 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0269
Kang-ming YIN, Jun-ju HAO, Yu-ting LU, Min SONG, Tai-jun HANG. Identification of related substances in desloratadine by 2D LC-Q TOF MS[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2025 , 45 (1) : 146 -155 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0269
地氯雷他定(desloratadine),化学名为8-氯-6,11-二氢-11-(4-哌啶亚基)-5H-苯并[5, 6]环庚并[1, 2b]吡啶(图1),是非镇静性的长效三环类抗组胺药,选择性地作用于组织胺H1受体引起竞争性抑制,从而抑制组胺引起的过敏症状,也可抑制组织胺从人肥大细胞释放[1-3],适用于慢性特发性荨麻疹及常年过敏性鼻炎的症状缓解[4-5]。地氯雷他定也是氯雷他定在体内经肝脏代谢后脱乙氧羰基的活性代谢产物[6],相较于氯雷他定具有更好的水溶性,不容易透过血脑屏障,从而减少了对中枢神经系统抑制作用所致嗜睡等副作用。
地氯雷他定虽被USP、EP和我国国家药品标准草案收载[7-9],且有较多的临床应用报道[10-11],但是其有关物质的系统分析鉴定研究尚未见报道。地氯雷他定已有标准中针对其有关物质采用了液相色谱非挥发性流动相条件进行检查,不能直接进行专属的液质联用鉴定,利用二维液相色谱-质谱(2D LC-MS)联用分析技术进行在线脱盐后,则可实现有关物质的质谱联用鉴定[12-13]。本研究建立了地氯雷他定有关物质的二维液相色谱-高分辨质谱2D LC-Q TOF MS综合解析鉴定方法,总结了其有关物质的结构及其形成规律,以期为地氯雷他定的质量控制提供参考依据。
地氯雷他定(批号DL001)、杂质Ⅱ(11-氟-地氯雷他定,批号L-6)和杂质Ⅶ(氯雷他定,批号LORA001)均由中国药科大学自制;杂质Ⅰ(脱氯-地氯雷他定,批号20230620)、杂质Ⅲ(USP地氯雷他定杂质B,批号20230917)、杂质Ⅳ(USP地氯雷他定杂质A,批号20220711)和杂质Ⅴ(5,6-脱氢-地氯雷他定,批号20220708)均购自郑州阿尔法化工有限公司;杂质Ⅵ(N-甲酰化-地氯雷他定,批号Le091398709)购自上海皓鸿生物医药科技有限公司;API纯度>99.0%,各杂质的纯度均>90.0%。
磷酸二氢钾、乙酸铵、三乙胺、磷酸(AR级,南京化学试剂有限公司);甲醇、乙腈、四氢呋喃(HPLC级,Merck公司);去离子水(市售娃哈哈纯净水)。
2D-LCMS-9030二维液相色谱质谱联用仪、Lab–Solutions数据处理系统(岛津公司);PB-10型pH计(Sartorius公司);AE 240型十万分之一电子分析天平(Mettler Toledo公司);KH-250DB型数控超声波清洗器(昆山禾创超声仪器有限公司)。
采用Waters Symmetry C8(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)色谱柱;以1%三乙胺10 mmol·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液(磷酸调pH至2.0)-乙腈-甲醇(80:10:10)为流动相A,1%三乙胺10 mmol·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液(磷酸调pH至2.0)-乙腈-四氢呋喃(30:70:5)为流动相B;线性梯度洗脱(A-B):0 min(100:0)→10 min(80:20)→15 min(75:25)→20 min(75:25)→35 min(50:50)→39 min(50:50)→40 min(100:0)→45 min(100:0);流速1.0 mL·min-1;柱温35 ℃;检测波长280 nm;进样量20 μL。
采用Thermo BDS Hypersil C18(100 mm×4.6 mm, 3 μm)色谱柱;以10 mmol·L-1乙酸铵溶液(A)-甲醇(B)为流动相;线性梯度洗脱(A-B):0 min(95:5)→6 min(95:5)→6.5 min(10:90)→13 min(10:90)→13.1 min(95:5)→18 min(95:5);流速0.5 mL·min-1;柱温35 ℃;检测波长280 nm。
将二维液相色谱与四极杆飞行时间质谱联用,采用电喷雾正离子化检测,质谱测定参数:雾化气流量3 L·min-1,加热气流量10 L·min-1,干燥气流量10 L·min-1,喷雾电压4.5 kV,接口温度300 ℃,扫描范围m/z 50~1 000。二级质谱氩气诱导碰撞解离能量5~45 eV。
取本品约10 mg,精密称定,置于10 mL量瓶中,用一维色谱流动相A溶解并稀释至刻度,制成每1 mL中约含1 mg地氯雷他定的溶液,即得。
精密量取供试品溶液适量,用一维色谱流动相A定量稀释制成每1 mL中约含1 μg地氯雷他定的溶液,即得。
取有关物质对照品(杂质Ⅰ~杂质Ⅶ)适量,精密称定,分别用一维色谱流动相A溶解并定量稀释制成每1 mL中约含10 μg的溶液,即得。
取本品约10 mg,精密称定,加4.0 mol·L-1盐酸1 mL,于60 ℃水浴放置2 d;或加4.0 mol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液1 mL,于60 ℃水浴放置2 d;或加1 mL甲醇及3%过氧化氢溶液1 mL,于室温放置1 d;或于105 ℃烘箱中放置14 d;或加1 mL甲醇并于4 500 lx光照下放置14 d。放冷(酸碱处理溶液先中和)后,分别加一维色谱流动相A适量,超声处理10 min,并用一维色谱流动相A稀释至10 mL,滤过,取续滤液,即得各强制降解试验溶液。同法配制空白溶液。
取供试品溶液、对照溶液、对照品溶液及各强制降解试验溶液,分别按“2.1.1”项条件进样检测,结果见图2。采用0.1%自身稀释对照法计算有关物质的含量,按保留时间由小到大顺序对主要有关物质进行识别和编号。
试验结果(表1)表明,本品供试品溶液中未见明显杂质;本品对强酸、强碱条件相对稳定,在氧化、强光照射、高温条件下均有明显降解。共分离并检出12个主要有关物质,其中氧化破坏形成11个主要降解产物(图2-f,有关物质1~35~12);高温破坏形成5个主要降解产物(图2-g,有关物质14~68);光照破坏形成4个主要降解产物(图2-h,有关物质1568)。研究建立的有关物质检查条件对于不同强制降解样品的检测均物料平衡。
采用2D LC-Q TOF MS测定各有关物质的母离子及其二级质谱特征碎片的准确质量、元素组成,并通过与地氯雷他定及其已知有关物质的质谱特征的对比分析,鉴定各主要有关物质的结构[14]。结果见表2图3图4
通过液相色谱定位及质谱定性,并与市售对照品对比鉴定各已知有关物质的结构。结果表明,有关物质48分别与USP和地氯雷他定国家药品标准草案中已知有关物质脱氢地氯雷他定和N-甲酰化地氯雷他定的结构相应。
对地氯雷他定和典型已知有关物质的母离子及其二级质谱特征碎片离子的元素组成和裂解途径进行分析(图5),发现其MS/MS裂解的规律如下:地氯雷他定的哌啶环易脱去中性氨分子,生成质量数少17的m/z 294.104 4(C19H17ClN+)特征碎片离子,也可脱去中性亚甲基亚胺分子,生成质量数少29的m/z 282.104 4(C18H17ClN+)特征碎片离子;另外,8位的氯原子可进一步脱去,生成质量数少35的特征奇电子正离子;地氯雷他定有关物质结构中11位或哌啶环氮原子有取代基时,取代基易脱去。根据地氯雷他定及其已知有关物质的这些二级质谱特征,可以辅助其未知有关物质结构的分析鉴定。
对于各未知有关物质,根据其液相色谱保留行为及质谱特征,以及它们与地氯雷他定或已知有关物质的差异,结合合成工艺路线和反应机制分析,可推测结构。主要未知降解产物均能够在氧化条件下生成(图2-f,有关物质1~35~12),部分未知杂质(14~68)也可以在高温和光照条件下形成。
测得有关物质1 [M+H]+的准确离子质量为327.125 9,与离子式C19H20ClN2O+相应,其二级质谱特征碎片及UV最大吸收均与地氯雷他定具有较大相似性,故鉴定为地氯雷他定氧化降解形成的母核裂解没有明显变化的哌啶-N-氧化杂质:N-氧化-地氯雷他定。测得有关物质2 [M+H]+的准确离子质量为339.125 9,与离子式C20H20ClN2O+相应,与有关物质8为同分异构体。有关物质2和有关物质8主要特征碎片离子基本一致(图3),m/z为 311.129 7、294.103 2、282.104 2和259.133 6,分别与离子式C19H20ClN2+、C19H17ClN+、C18H17ClN+和C19H17N•+相符。其中C19H20ClN2+与地氯雷他定[M+H]+结构一致,由[M+H]+脱去哌啶环氮原子的N-甲酰基产生。有关物质2的UV最大吸收波长为267 nm,比地氯雷他定的最大吸收波长蓝移。所以,有关物质2为地氯雷他定哌啶环氮原子N-甲酰化,且11-亚基异构在哌啶环上形成双键而共轭体系缩短的产物。测得有关物质9 [M+H]+的准确离子质量为353.141 5,与离子式C21H22ClN2O+相应,与地氯雷他定相比多CH2CO,主要特征碎片离子(图3)为[M+H]+中性丢失CH2CO产生,与地氯雷他定一致,所以有关物质9为地氯雷他定的哌啶环氮原子乙酰化的降解产物。测得有关物质12 [M+H]+的准确离子质量为383.152 1,与氯雷他定离子式C19H16ClN2O2+相应,也测得其[M+H]+发生羧酸酯特征α裂解丢失中性C2H5OH分子产生的碎片离子m/z为337.110 1(C20H18ClN2O+),UV最大吸收波长与地氯雷他定基本一致,故推测有关物质12为氯雷他定11-烯亚基异构成5-烯的异构体杂质。
测得有关物质3 [M+H]+的准确离子质量为337.073 8 ,与离子式C19H14ClN2O2+相应。有关物质3与地氯雷他定相比多2个O少6个H,不饱和度增加3。其主要特征碎片离子(图3m/z包括320.072 0、302.102 8和292.071 0,分别与离子式C19H13ClN2O•+、C19H14N2O2•+和C18H13ClN2•+相应,由[M+H]+离子分别脱去羟基游离基、氯自由基以及同时脱去C=O中性分子和羟基游离基产生,与羟基取代和氧化脱氢降解相应,而其最大吸收波长与地氯雷他定相近,所以三环部分的共轭体系未发生明显变化。故推测有关物质3与已知杂质Ⅱ(11-氟-地氯雷他定)在取代特征上具有一定相似性,其增加的不饱和度由哌啶环的脱氢和氧化所致,为5-烯-11-羟基-(2-羟基吡啶)化-地氯雷他定(图6)。有关物质7与有关物质3相比少1个O多2个H,裂解中性丢失和共轭吸收特征高度相似,故有关物质7是地氯雷他定脱氢和氧化降解程度略低的有关物质3类似物(图4)。
测得有关物质56[M+H]+的准确离子质量分别为327.089 5和311.094 6,分别与离子式C18H16ClN2O2+和C18H16ClN2O+相应。有关物质6与地氯雷他定相比,少了CH4而多了1个O,其主要特征碎片离子(图3m/z为282.069 6、247.098 6、246.089 7和214.043 0,分别与离子式C17H13ClNO+、C17H13NO•+、C17H12NO+和C13H9ClN+相应。这些碎片离子分别与[M+H]+脱去中性亚甲基亚胺分子以及进一步脱去氯自由基、中性HCl分子、中
性C=O和丙炔分子相应,主要裂解行为与地氯雷他定裂解过程基本一致,所以两者哌啶环结构相同,降解发生在三环上,所以推测有关物质6是地氯雷他定5,6位氧化脱羧又成酮的产物。有关物质5元素组成比有关物质6多1个O,其主要特征碎片离子(图3m/z为294.068 7、282.068 6和247.099 6,与离子式C18H13ClNO+、C17H13ClNO+和C17H13NO•+相应,其中C18H13ClNO+与[M+H]+丢失中性羟胺分子相应,提示有关物质5是有关物质6哌啶-N-氧化杂质(图7)。
测得有关物质1011的[M+H]+的准确离子质量分别为339.089 5和307.099 7,各与离子式C19H16ClN2O2+和C19H16ClN2+相应,与地氯雷他定相比分别多2个O少4个H或少4个H,不饱和度各增加2,它们的UV最大吸收波长与地氯雷他定的相比均显著红移,表明两者结构中三环共轭体系延长。有关物质11 [M+H]+主要特征碎片离子(图3m/z为292.076 3、291.069 4、290.074 4和271.122 8,分别与离子式C18H13ClN2•+、C18H12ClN2+、C19H13ClN+和C19H15N2+相应,分别由[M+H]+脱去甲基自由基、中性CH4分子、中性NH3分子以及中性HCl分子得到,故推定有关物质11与地氯雷他定5,6位及哌啶环氧化脱氢产物相应。而有关物质10主要特征碎片离子(图3m/z为322.088 0、307.062 3、294.068 1、281.060 5和267.083 1,与离子式C19H15ClN2O•+、C18H12ClN2O+、C18H13ClNO+、C17H12ClNO•+和C17H14ClN•+相应,推定为有关物质11N-氧化产物(图8)。
研究建立的2D LC-Q TOF MS分析法适用于地氯雷他定有关物质的液质联用鉴定。共鉴定出12个有关物质,其中3个为已知结构有关物质,分别为5-烯-地氯雷他定(4/V)、N-甲酰化地氯雷他定(8/Ⅵ)和N-乙酰化地氯雷他定(9),其余9个为本研究根据高分辨质谱解析推定的地氯雷他定氧化降解易形成的主要有关物质的最合理结构。
根据这些有关物质的结构归纳分析表明,地氯雷他定的哌啶和吡啶氮原子均易发生N-氧化而形成主要氧化降解杂质(1510);5位易氧化脱氢(3471112);11位易羟基亲电加成(37);11位的烯键(4-哌啶亚基)易异构[15],且哌啶环易氧化脱氢(237);过度氧化可使地氯雷他定生成5,6位脱羧成酮的杂质(56)。因此,在地氯雷他定的生产制备、贮存和使用过程中,均应注意氧化降解的质量风险控制。并且,二维液相色谱-质谱联用在药物有关物质的检查和鉴定中将发挥越来越大的作用[16-17]
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0269
  • 接收时间:2024-04-22
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2025-01-31
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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