Article(id=1241314571902841753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1241314565582025478, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-1301, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1733155200000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773882056451, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1738252800000, pubDateStr=2025-01-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773882056451, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773882056451, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773882056451, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241314565582025478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2025', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='180', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773882054943, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773882204745, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241315193960059168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1241314565582025478, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241315193964253473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1241314565582025478, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=30, endPage=38, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241314572196443046, articleId=1241314571902841753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=The construction of AAV vector-HPV16-HPV18-HPyV pseudoviruses and application in the examination of human-derived viruses in stem cells, columnId=1241314566538326794, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Special Column for Quality Research and Evaluation of Stem Cell Products, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To employ adeno-associated viruses as vectors to design and prepare pseudoviruses comprising multiple DNA viral gene fragments. These were used as positive controls for the detection of human viruses in the field of molecular testing, thereby compensating for the absence of wild-type viral controls in viral molecular testing methods.

Methods:

The adeno-associated viral vectors served as the backbone of the pseudoviruses, with a total of four target gene fragments from three viruses incorporated: human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16), type 18 (including HPV18-1 and HPV18-2) and human polyomavirus (HPyV) were, respectively, inserted into one viral vector, and the adeno-associated viral pseudoviruses were packaged by multiple plasmid cotransfection. The infectious activity of the pseudoviruses was confirmed by a cell infection assay, and a quantitative analysis of the pseudoviruses genome was conducted using fluorescence quantitative PCR.

Results:

The titers of HPV16, HPV18-1, HPV18-2, and HPyV genomes in the pseudoviruses were 7.77×108 copies·mL-1,6.77×108 copies·mL-1, 7.04×108 copies·mL-1, and 1.24×109copies·mL-1, respectively, as determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Following a 48 h period of infection in 293T/17 cells, the viral gene sequences of HPV16, HPV18-1, HPV18-2, and HPyV were successfully identified using fluorescence quantitative PCR with the intracellular pseudoviruses. The copy numbers were 1.30×106 copies·mL-1, 6.59×105 copies·mL-1,6.27×105 copies·mL-1, and 4.17×106 copies·mL-1. Following the infection of 293T/17 cells with the reporter gene pseudoviruses for a period of 48 hours, a distinct green fluorescence was evident under a fluorescence microscope, thereby confirming the infectious activity of the pseudoviruses. The pseudoviruses was employed as a positive control for the verification of applicability in human mesenchymal stem cells, and the recoveries of the four viral gene fragments by fluorescence quantitative PCR for nucleic acid extraction were 94.4%, 70.7%, 83.1%and 90.9%, respectively.

Conclusion:

The present study demonstrates that the adeno-associated virus packaging method can be employed to produce a multiviral gene pseudoviruses with infectious activity. The pseudoviruses can be employed as a positive control for the replacement of multiple wild-type viruses in the viral fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of stem cell samples.

This method not only reduces the financial burden associated with the preparation of positive controls, but it also offers enhanced biosafety and improves the efficiency and quality control of the qPCR method, from the extraction of genes to their amplification.

, correspAuthors=Lin PANG, Chun-ming RAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Tong ZHANG, Xiao-fei CHEN, Ying-ying DONG, Yi-dan CAO, Yan-hui WANG, Hui-ting LI, Ming-yue LIU, Xin-yue WANG, Meng-shan CUI, Xin-yue FU, Rui-rui ZHANG, Lin PANG, Chun-ming RAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241314575287645183, articleId=1241314571902841753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=AAV载体-HPV16-HPV18-HPyV假病毒的构建及其在干细胞人源病毒检查中的应用*, columnId=1241314566752236301, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=干细胞产品质量研究与检测专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的:

以腺相关病毒为载体设计和制备同时含有多种DNA病毒基因片段的假病毒,作为阳性对照品用于分子检测领域的人源病毒检测,弥补病毒分子检测方法缺少野生型病毒对照的不足。

方法:

采用腺相关病毒载体作为假病毒的骨架,分别将人乳头瘤病毒16型(HPV16)、18型(包括HPV18-1、HPV18-2)和人多瘤病毒HPyV 3种病毒共4个目的基因片段插入到1个病毒载体,通过多质粒共转染的方法进行腺相关病毒假病毒的包装。通过细胞感染实验确认假病毒的感染活性并应用荧光定量PCR法对假病毒基因组进行定量分析。

结果:

荧光定量PCR检测,假病毒中HPV16、HPV18-1、HPV18-2和HPyV基因组滴度分别为7.77×108、6.77×108、7.04×108、1.24×109 copies·mL-1。假病毒感染293T/17细胞48 h后,用荧光定量PCR可检测到细胞内假病毒包装的HPV16、HPV18-1、HPV18-2和HPyV的病毒基因序列,其拷贝数分别为1.30×106、6.59×105、6.27×105、4.17×106 copies·mL-1。平行实验制备的报告基因假病毒感染293T/17细胞48 h后,该细胞在荧光显微镜下可观察到明显的绿色荧光,进一步表明该假病毒具有感染活性。假病毒作为阳性对照在人间充质干细胞进行适用性验证,4种病毒基因片段的核酸提取荧光定量PCR回收率分别为94.4%、70.7%、83.1%和90.9%。

结论:

本研究腺相关病毒包装方法可以产生具有感染活性的多病毒基因假病毒,该假病毒在干细胞样品病毒荧光定量PCR检查中可作为阳性对照代替多种野生型病毒,不仅降低了阳性对照制备成本,而且更具有生物安全性,在提高检测效率的同时,还能够更好地对qPCR方法从基因提取到基因扩增整个流程进行质量控制。

, correspAuthors=庞琳, 饶春明, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
** 饶春明 Tel:(010)67869966;E-mail:;
庞琳 Tel:(010)67869966;E-mail:
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Tel:(010)67869966;E-mail:

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Advanced Techniques in Diagnostic Microbiology.Boston: Springer, 2013: 209, articleTitle=Nucleic Acid Extraction Techniques, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241324063935746693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571902841753, awardId=Z221100007922015, language=CN, fundingSource=*北京市科技计划课题:基因修饰免疫细胞和基因治疗药物质量控制关键技术与服务平台建设(Z221100007922015), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241324054137852091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571902841753, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241324054146240700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571902841753, companyId=1241324054137852091, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=JOINN Drug Quality Research and Testing(Beijing)Co, Ltd, Beijing 102605, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241324054175600829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571902841753, companyId=1241324054137852091, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京昭衍药物检定研究有限公司,北京102605)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241324062346105356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571902841753, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Schematic diagram of the structure of the HPV16-HPV18-HPyV pseudoviruses vector, figureFileSmall=33lqFBC1M1TwfwnfSi8fYA==, figureFileBig=i1hidrAuuo72fhEwS2axvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324062450962960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571902841753, language=CN, label=图1, caption=人源病毒假病毒载体结构示意图, figureFileSmall=33lqFBC1M1TwfwnfSi8fYA==, figureFileBig=i1hidrAuuo72fhEwS2axvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324062597763609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571902841753, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Results of vector double enzyme digestion, figureFileSmall=8oAgdrC9XNXxc2KugU2izQ==, figureFileBig=DclaLvJ3xEKVbUU6dI5QIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324062694232605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571902841753, language=CN, label=图2, caption=载体双酶切结果图

1. pAAV-HPV16-HPV18-HPyV载体NcoI/XhoI双酶切(pAAV-HPV16-HPV18-HPyV vector digested by NcoI and XhoI)

, figureFileSmall=8oAgdrC9XNXxc2KugU2izQ==, figureFileBig=DclaLvJ3xEKVbUU6dI5QIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324062807478820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571902841753, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Pseudoviruses harvesting steps to remove plasmid pollution, figureFileSmall=a6R0RA8CR+9CZZV3Z2Wq+Q==, figureFileBig=GY8y7Ay7g1ld9hsPTfuUmA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324062908142125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571902841753, language=CN, label=图3, caption=假病毒收获步骤去除质粒污染结果

A.使用4 ℃孵育4 h的条件进行病毒样品的质粒去除效果(plasmid removal effect of virus samples using nuclease 4 ℃ incubation for 4 h)B.不同假病毒序列核酸酶处理的对比结果(comparative results of nuclease treatment of different pseudoviruses sequence)

, figureFileSmall=a6R0RA8CR+9CZZV3Z2Wq+Q==, figureFileBig=GY8y7Ay7g1ld9hsPTfuUmA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324063017194042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571902841753, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Infectively activity detection of pseudoviruses, figureFileSmall=qF5kLYWrOJroCi+NpkXOqA==, figureFileBig=OCejIQfGGvWvb+jprWirSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324063101080133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571902841753, language=CN, label=图4, caption=假病毒感染活性检测

A.未感染(unifected) B. PSV-eGFP感染(infected by PSV-eGFP)C. PSV-eGFP感染后荧光观察(fluorescence observation after PSV-eGFP infection) D. PSV-HPV16-HPV18-HPyV感染(infected by PSV-HPV16-HPV18-HPyV)

, figureFileSmall=qF5kLYWrOJroCi+NpkXOqA==, figureFileBig=OCejIQfGGvWvb+jprWirSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324063176577612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571902841753, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Detection of pseudoviruses copies in infected cells, figureFileSmall=KT4vSHZHJ6JKctde6GyYeA==, figureFileBig=ljaC1hlFRM1kilkDZOL91A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324063252075094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571902841753, language=CN, label=图5, caption=感染细胞中假病毒拷贝数检测, figureFileSmall=KT4vSHZHJ6JKctde6GyYeA==, figureFileBig=ljaC1hlFRM1kilkDZOL91A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324063382098530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571902841753, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Primers, probes and template DNAs used in this research

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
用途(purpose)名称(name)核酸序列(nucleotide sequence)
HPV16正向引物(forward primer for HPV16)HPV16-F5-CAGATACACAGCGGCTGGTTT-3
HPV16反向引物(reverse primer for HPV16)HPV16-R5-TGCATTTGCTGCATAAGCACTA-3
HPV16荧光探针(fluorescent probe for HPV16)HPV16-P5-FAM-TGACCACGACCTACCTCAACACCTACACAGG-TAMRA-3
HPV18正向引物1(forward primer for HPV18-1)HPV18-F15-CTTAGATCAATATCCCCTTGGACG-3
HPV18反向引物1(reverse primer for HPV18-1)HPV18-R15-TTGGCAGGTTTAGAAGACGTAG-3
HPV18荧光探针1(fluorescent probe for HPV18-1)HPV18-P15-FAM-TTTTGGTTCAGGCTGGATTGCGTCGC-BHQ-1-3
HPV18正向引物2(forward primer for HPV18-2)HPV18-F25-AGAGGATTGGAACTTTGGTGTT-3
HPV18反向引物2(reverse primer for HPV18-2)HPV18-R25-GCAGCATCCTTTTGACAGGTAAT-3
HPV18荧光探针2(fluorescent probe for HPV18-2)HPV18-P25-VIC-CCCGCCAACTACTAGTTTGGTGGATACAT-BHQ-1-3
HPyV正向引物(forward primer for HPyV)HPyV-F5-AGTCTTTAGGGTCTTCTACCTTT-3
HPyV反向引物(reverse primer for HPyV)HPyV-R5-GGTGCCAACCTATGGAACAG-3
HPyV荧光探针(fluorescent probe for HPyV)HPyV-P5-FAM-TCATCACTGGCAAACAT-TAMRA -3
HPV16模板DNA(template DNA for HPV16)p-HPV165-ATATGTTGCACGCACAAACATATATTATCATGCAGGAACATCCAGACTAC
TTGCAGTTGGACATCCCTATTTTCCTATTAAAAAACCTAACAATAACAAAATA
TTAGTTCCTAAAGTATCAGGATTACAATACAGGGTATTTAGAATACATTTACC
TGACCCCAATAAGTTTGGTTTTCCTGACACCTCATTTTATAATCCAGATACA
CAGCGGCTGGTTTGGGCCTGTGTAGGTGTTGAGGTAGGTCGTGGTCAG
CCATTAGGTGTGGGCATTAGTGGCCATCCTTTATTAAATAAATTGGATGACAC
AGAAAATGCTAGTGCTTATGCAGCAAATGCAGGTGTGGATAATAGAGA
ATGTATATCTATGGATTACAAACAAACACAATTGTGTTTAATTGGTTGCAAAC
CACCTATAGGGGAACACTGGGGCAAAGGATCCCCATGTACCAATGTTGCAGT
AAATCCAGGTGATTGTCCACCATTAGAGTTAATAAACACAGTTATTCAGGAT
GGTGATATGGTTGATACTGGCTTTGG-3
HPV18模板DNA(template DNA for HPV18)p-HPV185-AACTGCAGATGTTATGTCCTATATTCATAGTATGAATAGCAGTATTTTAGA
GGATTGGAACTTTGGTGTTCCCCCCCCGCCAACTACTAGTTTGGTGGAT
ACATATCGTTTTGTACAATCTGTTGCTATTACCTGTCAAAAGGATGCTGC
ACCGGCTGAAAATAAGGATCCCTATGATAAGTTAAAGTTTTGGAATGTGGAT
TTAAAGGAAAAGTTTTCTTTAGACTTAGATCAATATCCCCTTGGACGTA
AATTTTTGGTTCAGGCTGGATTGCGTCGCAAGCCCACCATAGGCCCTCGCA
AACGTTCTGCTCCATCTGCCACTACGTCTTCTAAACCTGCCAAGCGTGTG
CGTGTACGTGCCAGGAAGTAATATGTGTGTGT-3
HPyV模板DNA(template DNA for HPyV)p-HPyV5-TCTATGTCTATGTGGAGTTAAAAAGAATATAATATTATGCCCAGCACACAT
GTGTCTACTAATAAAAGTTACAGAATATTTTTCCATAAGTTTTTTATACAGAA
TTTGAGCTTTTTCTTTAGTAGTATACACAGCAAAGCAGGCAAGGGTTCTATTA
CTAAATACAGCTTGACTAAGAAACTGGTGTAGATCAGAAGGAAAGTCTTTA
GGGTCTTCTACCTTTCTCTTTTTCTTGGGTGGTGTGGAGTGTTGAGAATCT
GCTGTTGCTTCTTCATCACTGGCAAACATATCTTCATGGCAAAATAAATCTT
CATCCCATTTTTCATTAAAGGAGCTCCACCAGGACTCCCACTCTTCTGTTCC
ATAGGTTGGCACCTATAAAAAAAATAATTACTTAGGGCCTTTAAATATTTT
CTTATTTATCTAAATATAAGTTAGTTACCTTAAAGCTTTAGATCTCTGAAGGG
AGTTTCTCCAATTATTTGGACCCACCATTGCAGAGTTTCTTCAGTTAGGTCTA
AGCCAAACCACTGTGTGAAGCAGTCAATGCAGTAGCAATCTATCCAAACCAA
GGGC-3
), ArticleFig(id=1241324063507927657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571902841753, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究中HPV16-HPV18-HPyV假病毒使用的引物、探针和模板DNA

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
用途(purpose)名称(name)核酸序列(nucleotide sequence)
HPV16正向引物(forward primer for HPV16)HPV16-F5-CAGATACACAGCGGCTGGTTT-3
HPV16反向引物(reverse primer for HPV16)HPV16-R5-TGCATTTGCTGCATAAGCACTA-3
HPV16荧光探针(fluorescent probe for HPV16)HPV16-P5-FAM-TGACCACGACCTACCTCAACACCTACACAGG-TAMRA-3
HPV18正向引物1(forward primer for HPV18-1)HPV18-F15-CTTAGATCAATATCCCCTTGGACG-3
HPV18反向引物1(reverse primer for HPV18-1)HPV18-R15-TTGGCAGGTTTAGAAGACGTAG-3
HPV18荧光探针1(fluorescent probe for HPV18-1)HPV18-P15-FAM-TTTTGGTTCAGGCTGGATTGCGTCGC-BHQ-1-3
HPV18正向引物2(forward primer for HPV18-2)HPV18-F25-AGAGGATTGGAACTTTGGTGTT-3
HPV18反向引物2(reverse primer for HPV18-2)HPV18-R25-GCAGCATCCTTTTGACAGGTAAT-3
HPV18荧光探针2(fluorescent probe for HPV18-2)HPV18-P25-VIC-CCCGCCAACTACTAGTTTGGTGGATACAT-BHQ-1-3
HPyV正向引物(forward primer for HPyV)HPyV-F5-AGTCTTTAGGGTCTTCTACCTTT-3
HPyV反向引物(reverse primer for HPyV)HPyV-R5-GGTGCCAACCTATGGAACAG-3
HPyV荧光探针(fluorescent probe for HPyV)HPyV-P5-FAM-TCATCACTGGCAAACAT-TAMRA -3
HPV16模板DNA(template DNA for HPV16)p-HPV165-ATATGTTGCACGCACAAACATATATTATCATGCAGGAACATCCAGACTAC
TTGCAGTTGGACATCCCTATTTTCCTATTAAAAAACCTAACAATAACAAAATA
TTAGTTCCTAAAGTATCAGGATTACAATACAGGGTATTTAGAATACATTTACC
TGACCCCAATAAGTTTGGTTTTCCTGACACCTCATTTTATAATCCAGATACA
CAGCGGCTGGTTTGGGCCTGTGTAGGTGTTGAGGTAGGTCGTGGTCAG
CCATTAGGTGTGGGCATTAGTGGCCATCCTTTATTAAATAAATTGGATGACAC
AGAAAATGCTAGTGCTTATGCAGCAAATGCAGGTGTGGATAATAGAGA
ATGTATATCTATGGATTACAAACAAACACAATTGTGTTTAATTGGTTGCAAAC
CACCTATAGGGGAACACTGGGGCAAAGGATCCCCATGTACCAATGTTGCAGT
AAATCCAGGTGATTGTCCACCATTAGAGTTAATAAACACAGTTATTCAGGAT
GGTGATATGGTTGATACTGGCTTTGG-3
HPV18模板DNA(template DNA for HPV18)p-HPV185-AACTGCAGATGTTATGTCCTATATTCATAGTATGAATAGCAGTATTTTAGA
GGATTGGAACTTTGGTGTTCCCCCCCCGCCAACTACTAGTTTGGTGGAT
ACATATCGTTTTGTACAATCTGTTGCTATTACCTGTCAAAAGGATGCTGC
ACCGGCTGAAAATAAGGATCCCTATGATAAGTTAAAGTTTTGGAATGTGGAT
TTAAAGGAAAAGTTTTCTTTAGACTTAGATCAATATCCCCTTGGACGTA
AATTTTTGGTTCAGGCTGGATTGCGTCGCAAGCCCACCATAGGCCCTCGCA
AACGTTCTGCTCCATCTGCCACTACGTCTTCTAAACCTGCCAAGCGTGTG
CGTGTACGTGCCAGGAAGTAATATGTGTGTGT-3
HPyV模板DNA(template DNA for HPyV)p-HPyV5-TCTATGTCTATGTGGAGTTAAAAAGAATATAATATTATGCCCAGCACACAT
GTGTCTACTAATAAAAGTTACAGAATATTTTTCCATAAGTTTTTTATACAGAA
TTTGAGCTTTTTCTTTAGTAGTATACACAGCAAAGCAGGCAAGGGTTCTATTA
CTAAATACAGCTTGACTAAGAAACTGGTGTAGATCAGAAGGAAAGTCTTTA
GGGTCTTCTACCTTTCTCTTTTTCTTGGGTGGTGTGGAGTGTTGAGAATCT
GCTGTTGCTTCTTCATCACTGGCAAACATATCTTCATGGCAAAATAAATCTT
CATCCCATTTTTCATTAAAGGAGCTCCACCAGGACTCCCACTCTTCTGTTCC
ATAGGTTGGCACCTATAAAAAAAATAATTACTTAGGGCCTTTAAATATTTT
CTTATTTATCTAAATATAAGTTAGTTACCTTAAAGCTTTAGATCTCTGAAGGG
AGTTTCTCCAATTATTTGGACCCACCATTGCAGAGTTTCTTCAGTTAGGTCTA
AGCCAAACCACTGTGTGAAGCAGTCAATGCAGTAGCAATCTATCCAAACCAA
GGGC-3
), ArticleFig(id=1241324063612785263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571902841753, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Result of pseudoviruses genome copies titer

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
滴度(titer)/(copies·mL-1平均值(average value)/(copies·mL-1标准差(standard deviation)/(copies·mL-1RSD/%
123
HPV167.67×1087.83×1087.81×1087.77×1080.07×1080.93
HPV18-16.70×1086.45×1087.16×1086.77×1080.30×1084.4
HPV18-26.89×1086.65×1087.58×1087.04×1080.39×1085.6
HPyV1.13×1091.46×1091.14×1091.24×1090.16×10912.5
), ArticleFig(id=1241324063713448564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571902841753, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

假病毒基因组滴度检测结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
滴度(titer)/(copies·mL-1平均值(average value)/(copies·mL-1标准差(standard deviation)/(copies·mL-1RSD/%
123
HPV167.67×1087.83×1087.81×1087.77×1080.07×1080.93
HPV18-16.70×1086.45×1087.16×1086.77×1080.30×1084.4
HPV18-26.89×1086.65×1087.58×1087.04×1080.39×1085.6
HPyV1.13×1091.46×1091.14×1091.24×1090.16×10912.5
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AAV载体-HPV16-HPV18-HPyV假病毒的构建及其在干细胞人源病毒检查中的应用*
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张峒 , 陈晓菲 , 董莹莹 , 曹译丹 , 王艳辉 , 李慧婷 , 刘明月 , 王新乐 , 崔梦姗 , 付欣悦 , 张瑞瑞 , 庞琳 ** , 饶春明 **
药物分析杂志 | 干细胞产品质量研究与检测专栏 2025,45(1): 30-38
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药物分析杂志 | 干细胞产品质量研究与检测专栏 2025, 45(1): 30-38
AAV载体-HPV16-HPV18-HPyV假病毒的构建及其在干细胞人源病毒检查中的应用*
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张峒 , 陈晓菲, 董莹莹, 曹译丹, 王艳辉, 李慧婷, 刘明月, 王新乐, 崔梦姗, 付欣悦, 张瑞瑞, 庞琳** , 饶春明**
作者信息
  • 北京昭衍药物检定研究有限公司,北京102605
  • Tel:(010)67869966;E-mail:

通讯作者:

** 饶春明 Tel:(010)67869966;E-mail:;
庞琳 Tel:(010)67869966;E-mail:
The construction of AAV vector-HPV16-HPV18-HPyV pseudoviruses and application in the examination of human-derived viruses in stem cells
Tong ZHANG , Xiao-fei CHEN, Ying-ying DONG, Yi-dan CAO, Yan-hui WANG, Hui-ting LI, Ming-yue LIU, Xin-yue WANG, Meng-shan CUI, Xin-yue FU, Rui-rui ZHANG, Lin PANG** , Chun-ming RAO**
Affiliations
  • JOINN Drug Quality Research and Testing(Beijing)Co, Ltd, Beijing 102605, China
出版时间: 2025-01-31 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-1301
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目的:

以腺相关病毒为载体设计和制备同时含有多种DNA病毒基因片段的假病毒,作为阳性对照品用于分子检测领域的人源病毒检测,弥补病毒分子检测方法缺少野生型病毒对照的不足。

方法:

采用腺相关病毒载体作为假病毒的骨架,分别将人乳头瘤病毒16型(HPV16)、18型(包括HPV18-1、HPV18-2)和人多瘤病毒HPyV 3种病毒共4个目的基因片段插入到1个病毒载体,通过多质粒共转染的方法进行腺相关病毒假病毒的包装。通过细胞感染实验确认假病毒的感染活性并应用荧光定量PCR法对假病毒基因组进行定量分析。

结果:

荧光定量PCR检测,假病毒中HPV16、HPV18-1、HPV18-2和HPyV基因组滴度分别为7.77×108、6.77×108、7.04×108、1.24×109 copies·mL-1。假病毒感染293T/17细胞48 h后,用荧光定量PCR可检测到细胞内假病毒包装的HPV16、HPV18-1、HPV18-2和HPyV的病毒基因序列,其拷贝数分别为1.30×106、6.59×105、6.27×105、4.17×106 copies·mL-1。平行实验制备的报告基因假病毒感染293T/17细胞48 h后,该细胞在荧光显微镜下可观察到明显的绿色荧光,进一步表明该假病毒具有感染活性。假病毒作为阳性对照在人间充质干细胞进行适用性验证,4种病毒基因片段的核酸提取荧光定量PCR回收率分别为94.4%、70.7%、83.1%和90.9%。

结论:

本研究腺相关病毒包装方法可以产生具有感染活性的多病毒基因假病毒,该假病毒在干细胞样品病毒荧光定量PCR检查中可作为阳性对照代替多种野生型病毒,不仅降低了阳性对照制备成本,而且更具有生物安全性,在提高检测效率的同时,还能够更好地对qPCR方法从基因提取到基因扩增整个流程进行质量控制。

人源病毒  /  人乳头瘤病毒  /  人多瘤病毒  /  腺相关病毒假病毒  /  滴度  /  阳性对照  /  分子检测
Objective:

To employ adeno-associated viruses as vectors to design and prepare pseudoviruses comprising multiple DNA viral gene fragments. These were used as positive controls for the detection of human viruses in the field of molecular testing, thereby compensating for the absence of wild-type viral controls in viral molecular testing methods.

Methods:

The adeno-associated viral vectors served as the backbone of the pseudoviruses, with a total of four target gene fragments from three viruses incorporated: human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16), type 18 (including HPV18-1 and HPV18-2) and human polyomavirus (HPyV) were, respectively, inserted into one viral vector, and the adeno-associated viral pseudoviruses were packaged by multiple plasmid cotransfection. The infectious activity of the pseudoviruses was confirmed by a cell infection assay, and a quantitative analysis of the pseudoviruses genome was conducted using fluorescence quantitative PCR.

Results:

The titers of HPV16, HPV18-1, HPV18-2, and HPyV genomes in the pseudoviruses were 7.77×108 copies·mL-1,6.77×108 copies·mL-1, 7.04×108 copies·mL-1, and 1.24×109copies·mL-1, respectively, as determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Following a 48 h period of infection in 293T/17 cells, the viral gene sequences of HPV16, HPV18-1, HPV18-2, and HPyV were successfully identified using fluorescence quantitative PCR with the intracellular pseudoviruses. The copy numbers were 1.30×106 copies·mL-1, 6.59×105 copies·mL-1,6.27×105 copies·mL-1, and 4.17×106 copies·mL-1. Following the infection of 293T/17 cells with the reporter gene pseudoviruses for a period of 48 hours, a distinct green fluorescence was evident under a fluorescence microscope, thereby confirming the infectious activity of the pseudoviruses. The pseudoviruses was employed as a positive control for the verification of applicability in human mesenchymal stem cells, and the recoveries of the four viral gene fragments by fluorescence quantitative PCR for nucleic acid extraction were 94.4%, 70.7%, 83.1%and 90.9%, respectively.

Conclusion:

The present study demonstrates that the adeno-associated virus packaging method can be employed to produce a multiviral gene pseudoviruses with infectious activity. The pseudoviruses can be employed as a positive control for the replacement of multiple wild-type viruses in the viral fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of stem cell samples.

This method not only reduces the financial burden associated with the preparation of positive controls, but it also offers enhanced biosafety and improves the efficiency and quality control of the qPCR method, from the extraction of genes to their amplification.

human viruses  /  human papillomavirus  /  human polyomavirus  /  adeno-associated viruses pseudoviruses  /  titer  /  positive control  /  molecular detection
张峒, 陈晓菲, 董莹莹, 曹译丹, 王艳辉, 李慧婷, 刘明月, 王新乐, 崔梦姗, 付欣悦, 张瑞瑞, 庞琳, 饶春明. AAV载体-HPV16-HPV18-HPyV假病毒的构建及其在干细胞人源病毒检查中的应用*. 药物分析杂志, 2025 , 45 (1) : 30 -38 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-1301
Tong ZHANG, Xiao-fei CHEN, Ying-ying DONG, Yi-dan CAO, Yan-hui WANG, Hui-ting LI, Ming-yue LIU, Xin-yue WANG, Meng-shan CUI, Xin-yue FU, Rui-rui ZHANG, Lin PANG, Chun-ming RAO. The construction of AAV vector-HPV16-HPV18-HPyV pseudoviruses and application in the examination of human-derived viruses in stem cells[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2025 , 45 (1) : 30 -38 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-1301
干细胞指一类具有自我更新、多向分化潜能的细胞,在再生医学领域有广阔的应用前景。国外已经有数十种产品获批上市,国内也有多款干细胞新药在进行上市申请,涉及糖尿病、心血管疾病、自身免疫性疾病、神经退行性疾病等诸多疑难杂症[1-3]。人源细胞基质生产的生物制品或是人源细胞制品存在感染人源病毒的风险[4],为了保障其安全性,需要对其潜在的人源病毒(包括DNA病毒和RNA病毒)进行检测,可采用荧光定量PCR或RT-qPCR技术。人源细胞中有潜在污染风险的DNA病毒包括人乳头瘤病毒[5-6](human papillomavirus,HPV)、人多瘤病毒[7](human polyomaviruses,HPyV)等,这些病毒可以感染人体,导致不同类型的疾病,因此相应的人源生物制品或原材料的病毒检测应涵盖此类病毒。
2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》[8]三部生物制品通则的生物制品生产检定用动物细胞基质制备及质量控制中规定,应根据细胞系、株种属来源、组织来源及供体健康状况等确定检测病毒的种类。牛源病毒、猪源病毒、鼠细小病毒等内外源病毒检查均采用指示细胞感染法和(或)细胞免疫荧光法进行检测。国内关于干细胞治疗的指导原则[9]以及国外的相关法规[10-12]同样对病毒检查有相关的要求。但由于一些人源病毒在实验室操作风险较高或不易获得野生型毒株,无法在P2实验室内经细胞感染法进行内外源病毒因子检查,因此分子生物学方法目前作为种属特异性病毒检查中人源病毒检查的主要检测手段,相比于动物试验细胞感染法,分子生物学方法具有灵敏度高、速度快、成本低等优势。但是由于部分病毒野生型毒株的不易获得性,对于以上几种人源病毒,很难得到可用的野生型毒株作为质控对照品,常以质粒标准品作为阳性对照,由于质粒与病毒在结构方面存在较大差异,很难对病毒提取过程进行有效质控。根据待检的目的病毒而设计包装的重组假病毒可弥补病毒分子检测中阳性质控不全面的缺陷。
假病毒是一种人工修饰后的病毒,模拟相应病毒的生物活性或是特异性的核酸序列,达到和真实病毒相近的分析特性,所使用的病毒载体通常是复制缺陷的,因此也具备较高的安全性[13]。腺相关病毒是一种DNA病毒,常被用作基因治疗领域的递送载体[14-15],其基因组可以被改变为外源基因表达盒,并且可以方便快捷地进行包装[16],是一个合适的DNA假病毒选择。在分子检测领域,对病毒类核酸检测时常需要阳性质控品,由于病毒的核酸具有外壳保护,因此,含相应基因的假病毒与常用的裸核酸如质粒比较更具有可比性。假病毒具有生物安全性的同时可作为测量标准,可用于病毒核酸定性和定量测量方法的验证评价以及实验室的质量控制。
本研究对以上多种人源病毒进行假病毒设计和制备,在同一个AAV病毒载体内设计包装4种DNA病毒扩增序列,使得一种阳性质控对照品同时满足4种病毒核酸片段检测的需求,且同一载体内的不同病毒序列的基因组滴度相似,因此既解决了病毒核酸检测阳性质控品的缺陷,又提高了检测效率,降低了成本。将该假病毒作为阳性对照品在人间充质干细胞样品病毒检测中进行适用性验证,获得理想结果,因此该AAV载体假病毒可作为Q-PCR阳性对照品应用于干细胞产品人源DNA病毒的检查。
1579-AC-GP生物安全柜购自赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司,HCP-258培养箱购自青岛海尔生物医疗股份有限公司,ECLIPSE Ts2R荧光显微镜购自尼康精机(上海)有限公司,Applied Biosystems™7500实时荧光定量PCR仪购自赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司,Sorvall ST8R离心机购自赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司。
DMEM、FBS购自Gibco公司,Sinofection转染试剂和SuperNuclease核酸酶购自Sino biological公司。HEK 293T/17细胞购自协和细胞中心。pAAV-GFP(货号32395)、pAdDeltaF6(货号112867)和 pAAV2,2(货号104963)均购自Addgene公司。HPV16、HPV18和HPyV的引物、探针和构建于pUC-18质粒中的模板DNA(表1)由北京擎科生物科技股份有限公司合成。HPV16-HPV18-HPyV基因序列由北京擎科生物科技股份有限公司合成。PBS(货号20012-027)购自赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司,样品基因组提取试剂盒FastPure® Viral DNA/RNA Mini Kit Pro(货号RC323)和探针法定量PCR检测试剂盒(货号Q513)均购自南京诺唯赞生物科技有限公司。
人间充质干细胞(human mesenchymal stem cell,HMSC)为供试品留样。
在NCBI数据库中检索3种病毒的全基因组序列,选择保守序列进行引物设计,据此分别设计包含HPV16、HPV18(包含HPV18-1和HPV18-2 2个序列)、HPyV组合假病毒的病毒保守序列(假病毒载体插入基因序列信息同表1中模板DNA)。
构建含有HPV16、HPV18和HPyV 3段人源病毒保守序列的腺相关病毒载体,将3段人源病毒序列进行组合,以2型腺相关病毒载体pAAV-GFP(addgene,32395)为骨架,病毒基因序列插入位置为腺相关病毒载体SacI至HindIII序列之间,得到pAAV-HPV16-HPV18-HPyV,构建完成后进行酶切和测序验证。提取pAAV-HPV16-HPV18-HPyV质粒以及pAdDeltaF6质粒和pAAV2,2质粒,用于包装2型血清型衣壳的腺相关病毒。
以三质粒腺相关病毒包装系统进行假病毒的设计,病毒载体结构和插入序列位置如图1所示。构建的病毒载体通过双酶切的方式验证基因插入成功,pAAV-HPV16-HPV18-HPyV载体采用NcoI/XhoI双酶切进行验证,均可见2条明显的切割条带(图2)。
分别包装只含有eGFP报告基因的病毒对照PSV-eGFP以及含有HPV16-HPV18-HPyV序列的假病毒PSV-HPV16-HPV18-HPyV。HEK293T/17细胞复苏后至少传代1次后使用。于接种前一天按1×105 cells·cm-2进行铺板,37 ℃,5% CO2培养箱中培养过夜。转染前2 h,汇合度达到60%,将培养基更换为无血清培养基。按照0.2 μg·cm-2总质粒DNA用量,将质粒DNA用DMEM稀释,按照1 μg质粒DNA使用1 μL转染试剂用量,将Sinofection转染试剂用DMEM稀释。将质粒DNA和转染试剂稀释液合并,轻轻混合并在室温下孵育5 min。将培养基吸出,加入DNA转染试剂复合物,轻轻混匀,在37 ℃,5%CO2培养箱中孵育4~6 h后更换为含有10%FBS的DMEM完全培养基。
转染后48 h,观察细胞状态并在荧光显微镜拍摄绿色荧光报告基因的表达情况。明场观察下,转染了假病毒质粒、转染了报告基因eGFP以及未转染的细胞状态相似,含eGFP的报告基因的腺相关病毒,在转染后80%可以明显观察到绿色荧光,说明包装假病毒过程中细胞转染效率较高。
转染后72 h收获培养上清,3 000 g,在4 ℃下离心5 min,用0.45 μm滤膜过滤得到病毒液,分装保存于-80 ℃备用。
收获的病毒上清液使用核酸酶进行处理,核酸酶终浓度为50 U·mL-1,条件为4 ℃下处理4 h,以去除病毒液中游离核酸的干扰。为确认核酸酶消化游离核酸的效果,将PSV-HPV16-HPV18-HPyV假病毒与5×108 copies·μL-1质粒按照1:1比例进行混合,同时设立单独假病毒对照和单独质粒对照,比较核酸酶消化前后各组基因组滴度的变化。提取病毒基因组前80 ℃处理30 min对病毒进行灭活处理。
对比质粒和假病毒通过核酸酶处理前后HPV16基因拷贝数。通过核酸酶处理,质粒的基因拷贝数可从108 copies·μL-1下降至102 copies·μL-1,107 copies·μL-1滴度假病毒和108 copies·μL-1质粒混合样品在核酸酶处理后基因组滴度下降至107 copies·μL-1图3),说明假病毒收获液中有残留质粒基因,核酸酶可去除9.9×107 copies·μL-1的残留质粒,通过核酸酶处理的方式,可保证包装的假病毒质控对照品滴度的准确性。核酸酶处理前后假病毒收获液分别用HPV16、HPV18-1、HPV18-2和HPyV目的基因的引物对其进行扩增检测,结果显示核酸酶处理前拷贝数6.6×105~1.3×106 copies·μL-1,核酸酶处理后相比处理前基因拷贝数变化范围在1.9%~6.7%,没有明显变化,提示通过质粒转染表达收获的假病毒液中含有较少的游离基因。
使用qPCR的方法对包装得到的假病毒进行滴度检测。按照FastPure® Viral DNA/RNA Mini Kit Pro试剂盒说明书提取病毒基因组,-20 ℃冻存备用,使用假病毒对应的3种病毒基因的引物对和探针对其进行荧光定量PCR扩增,扩增体系:2×AceQ Universal U+Probe Master Mix V2 15 μL;上下游引物(10 μmol·L-1)各0.75 μL,探针(10 μmol·L-1)0.38 μL,模板7.5 μL,无核酸酶水补足至30 μL。在Applied biosystems ABI 7500 Real Time PCR仪上完成qPCR反应,50 ℃下反应2 min,95 ℃下反应10 min,然后按以上参数进行40个循环:95 ℃ 15 s,58 ℃ 1 min,收集荧光信号。分别以含有病毒序列的质粒作为标准品质粒,梯度稀释至2×107~2×103 copies·μL-1 5个浓度点作为标准曲线各点,稀释标准品浓度至20 copies·μL-1得到灵敏度对照样品。qPCR反应结束后,分析数据,数值结果以Ct值为纵坐标,以拷贝数的对数为横坐标拟合标准曲线,计算假病毒载体中不同病毒基因的核酸滴度。
PSV-HPV16-HPV18-HPyV假病毒qPCR检测病毒基因组3次平均滴度分别为 7.77×108 copies·mL-1,HPV18-1(引物组1,FAM荧光信号)病毒滴度为6.77×108 copies·mL-1,HPV18-2(引物组2,VIC荧光信号)滴度为7.04×108 copies·mL-1,HPyV病毒滴度为1.24×109 copies·mL-1。假病毒qPCR检测结果详见表2
为验证包装的假病毒是否具有感染性,进行了细胞感染实验。将293T/17细胞以完全培养基按照1×105 cells·cm-2接种于12孔板,培养过夜。将假病毒用含5%FBS的DMEM维持培养基稀释10倍,每孔接种1 mL,37 ℃孵育2 h后更换为新鲜的维持培养基。感染48 h后在荧光显微镜下观察荧光表达情况,收获病毒感染后的细胞,用1 mL PBS清洗2次后提取细胞基因组,使用相应的引物探针检测细胞内的病毒保守序列。
以293T/17细胞作为靶细胞,感染48 h后观察细胞状态以及绿色荧光表达情况,结果可见,AAV载体假病毒、报告基因病毒和未感染组细胞形态类似,均无明显细胞病变和死亡,其中报告基因病毒在荧光显微镜下可以观察到明显的绿色荧光,说明本方法可以包装出有感染性的病毒(图4)。
对感染后细胞基因组进行检测,可检测到假病毒内包装的HPV16、HPV18-1、HPV18-2和HPyV的病毒序列,其拷贝数分别为1.30×106、6.59×105、6.27×105、4.17×106 copies·mL-1,证明本研究所用的腺相关病毒包装方法可以产生具有感染活性的病毒(图5)。
HMSC制成每管2.5×106 cells的细胞沉淀用于HPV16、HPV18、HPyV病毒qPCR法检测。检测过程中设置滴度为200 copies·μL-1的PSV-HPV16-HPV18-HPyV假病毒为阳性对照、加入相同滴度的假病毒于细胞沉淀样品为适应性样品,同时设立阴性对照和无模版对照,检测方法同“2.4”项假病毒检测。
将制备好的假病毒PSVHPV16-HPV18-HPyV应用于人间充质干细胞的病毒核酸检测,以200 copies·μL-1滴度的PSVHPV16-HPV18-HPyV为阳性对照,相同滴度的阳性对照加入到2.5×106个细胞的间充质干细胞样品中作为样品适用性对照,以确定样品中是否存在影响核酸提取和检测的干扰物质。结果显示,假病毒阳性对照提取后进行PCR扩增的HPV16、HPV18-1、HPV18-2和HPyV基因组滴度分别为266、181、195、143 copies·μL-1,适用性样品检测到的基因组滴度分别为251、128、162、130 copies·μL-1,4种病毒基因的回收率分别为94.4%、70.7%、83.1%、90.9%。阴性对照和检测的干细胞样品中均未检出病毒的序列。说明假病毒可在细胞基质样品的病毒核酸检查中模拟野生型病毒,作为阳性质控对照。
近年来,随着细胞和基因治疗领域的兴起,越来越多的人源干细胞、修饰的免疫细胞和人源的病毒载体不断涌现,由于其中不乏一些活细胞制剂产品,从生产到临床使用之间的周期较短,因此需要更为快速的检测方法。基于qPCR的检测方法具有快速、灵敏的优势,因此可应用于干细胞制剂病毒安全性检查。AAV载体构建的假病毒可以作为DNA病毒qPCR检测中的阳性质控品,保证检测的可靠性。
本研究所选择的3种病毒均为常见的人源病毒。人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)是一种主要通过性传播的传染性病原体,可能导致男性和女性患上HPV相关癌症,几乎所有的宫颈癌都与HPV有关,头颈癌(HNC)、肛门生殖器癌等与HPV感染有关。高危型的HPV16和HPV18导致最多的HPV相关癌症和约70%的宫颈癌和癌前宫颈病变。人多瘤病毒原发感染主要为无症状,再度激活可能会导致泌尿系统疾病[17],或是致命性的中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病[18]
因此人源病毒HPV16、HPV18和HPyV病毒的快速检测在人源干细胞产品的病毒安全评价中是十分必要的。国内外监管机构对于人源生物制品或细胞基质的法规及指导原则中都明确要求检测包含HPV16、HPV18和HPyV病毒在内的一些人间传染病毒,如《中华人民共和国药典》[8]、CDE干细胞指导原则[9]、FDA细胞和基因治疗法规[10-11]、ICH法规[12]中均有相关描述。
假病毒与真病毒衣壳结构和理化特性不完全相同,即使相同病毒不同型别也有差异。例如AAV病毒颗粒,不同血清型间亦有较大差异,其结构和理化特性是不同的,其感染细胞种类也不尽相同[19]。因此最完美的方案是选择与待测病毒同一毒株作为病毒分子检测的质控对照品,但部分人源病毒的危险性又导致在一般实验室内很难获取,所以想得到与待测病毒完全一致的病毒对照是现实情况下无法实现的。现阶段很多实验室采用质粒作为质控对照品[20-21]。假病毒虽然和真病毒不能完全一致,但作为病毒分子检测的质控对照品,从对照品同质性的要求上来讲,假病毒相对目前使用的质粒对照品有明显的优势。本研究制备的假病毒,其PCR核酸扩增片段基因序列与真实病毒相同,病毒结构与真实病毒类似,病毒核酸有病毒外壳保护,相比于质粒,在进行提取等实验操作时可以更真实反映真病毒的情况。除此以外,假病毒还具有一定的感染能力,在细胞感染实验中可以检测到转导入细胞内的核酸序列和报告基因的表达,这是质粒所不具备的。在实际检测的应用中,假病毒作为阳性对照以及适用性样品均可以正常检出目标病毒序列,证明了实际使用的可行性。由于假病毒不包含原本的病毒全基因且AAV是复制依赖的病毒[22],因此其复制和增殖是极其受限的,只有在额外提供AAV病毒基因和辅助病毒同时存在的条件才能扩增,其安全性具有较高的保障。
病毒提取中会采用蛋白酶裂解病毒的蛋白质外壳后释放出病毒核酸,再利用吸附柱特异性吸附核酸,实现病毒核酸的提取,因此假病毒和待测病毒在提取这一操作时过程是一致的[23]。而采用相同方法处理质粒对照时,蛋白酶消化的步骤对于质粒是非必要的,即使蛋白酶失效,质粒对照仍旧存在于样本体系中,可以被后续的吸附柱吸附,成功提取到;但是待测病毒的核酸会因为蛋白酶失效而无法裂解释放,进而导致后续的吸附柱无法有效吸附到病毒核酸,这会导致质粒对照可以正常检测到,而待测病毒无法被检测到。因此假病毒是比质粒更合适的提取过程对照品。
本研究所涉及的检项为外源病毒因子检查,检测对象是病毒颗粒,即便污染的外源因子不是病毒颗粒形式的,其存在形式大多为裸核酸、非病毒类蛋白质包裹形成的复合体、转染遗留的转染试剂包裹的核酸等,这几种可能存在形式的核酸在提取时依旧需要采用试剂盒,这些形式中最难提取到的是核酸蛋白复合体的形式[23],但这又与假病毒和真病毒类似,裸核酸甚至无需提取也可以直接进行检测,转染试剂复合体不稳定,经过样本处理和提取步骤后也会形成裸核酸或是蛋白复合体的形式,因此假病毒的对照不仅可以作为存在于病毒粒子内核酸形式的对照,同时也可以作为其他类型的核酸的对照。
综上所述,本研究腺相关病毒包装方法可以产生具有感染活性的多病毒基因假病毒,该假病毒在干细胞样品病毒荧光定量PCR检查中可作为阳性对照代替多种野生型病毒进行定性检测,不仅降低了阳性对照制备成本,而且更具有生物安全性,在提高检测效率的同时,还能够更好地对qPCR方法从基因提取到基因扩增整个流程进行质量控制。
  • *北京市科技计划课题:基因修饰免疫细胞和基因治疗药物质量控制关键技术与服务平台建设(Z221100007922015)
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-1301
  • 接收时间:2024-12-03
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2025-01-31
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*北京市科技计划课题:基因修饰免疫细胞和基因治疗药物质量控制关键技术与服务平台建设(Z221100007922015)
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    北京昭衍药物检定研究有限公司,北京102605

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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genus
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species
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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