Article(id=1241314571621823373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1241314565582025478, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0466, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1721145600000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773882056383, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1738252800000, pubDateStr=2025-01-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773882056383, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773882056383, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773882056383, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241314565582025478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2025', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='180', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773882054943, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773882204745, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241315193960059168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1241314565582025478, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241315193964253473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1241314565582025478, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=104, endPage=109, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241314572020282269, articleId=1241314571621823373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Verification for effect of virus inactivation in C1 esterase inhibitor by solvent/detergent and dry heating, columnId=1206272756979659107, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Bioassay, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To confirm the validity of solvent/detergent (S/D) treatment and dry heating for inactivation of virus in C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH).

Methods:

The Sindbis virus in samples with S/D was inactivated by the S/D method, and the virus titer before and after inactivation was detected using the plaque assay. Dry heating method was used to inactivate encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and porcine parvovirus (PPV), and cytopathic assay was used to detect the virus titer before and after inactivation.

Results:

After inactivation by the S/D method, the reductions of Sindbis virus in three batches of smaples with S/D were > 4.35 lgPFU·mL-1, > 4.51 lgPFU·mL-1,> 4.64 lgPFU·mL-1, respectively. After dry heating, the reductions of EMCV in three batches of samples without S/D were ≥5.38 lgTCID50/0.1 mL、≥5.12 lgTCID50/0.1 mL、≥5.25 lgTCID50/0.1 mL, respectively, and the reductions of PPV in three batches of samples without S/D were 4.57 lgTCID50/0.1 mL、4.18 lgTCID50/0.1 mL、4.68 lgTCID50/0.1 mL, respectively.

Conclusion:

With evaluation on the inactivation capability of the indicator viruses, it is proved that the S/D treatment and dry heating has good inactivation and removal effect on the virus in C1-INH.

, correspAuthors=Xin-yu LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Li-hong YANG, Guang-zhi YUE, Hong-shan XU, Xin-yu LIU, Qiang YE), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241314574406841295, articleId=1241314571621823373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=S/D处理法和干热法用于C1酯酶抑制剂病毒灭活的效果验证, columnId=1206272757600416118, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=生物检定, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的:

验证运用有机溶剂/去污剂(S/D)处理法和干热法对C1酯酶抑制剂(C1-INH)中病毒灭活效果。

方法:

采用S/D处理法灭活含S/D样品中添加的辛德毕斯病毒,噬斑滴定法检测灭活前后的病毒滴度,干热法灭活脑心肌炎病毒(EMCV)和猪细小病毒(PPV),细胞病变法检测灭活前后的病毒滴度。

结果:

经S/D处理法灭活后,3批含S/D样品中辛德毕斯病毒降低量分别为>4.35 lgPFU·mL-1、>4.51 lgPFU·mL-1、>4.64 lgPFU·mL-1。经干热法灭活后,3批不含S/D样品中EMCV降低量分别为≥5.38 lgTCID50/0.1 mL、≥5.12 lgTCID50/0.1 mL、≥5.25 lgTCID50/0.1 mL,PPV降低量分别为4.57 lgTCID50/0.1 mL、4.18 lgTCID50/0.1 mL、4.68 lgTCID50/0.1 mL。

结论:

通过对指示病毒的验证效果评估,证明S/D法和干热法对C1-INH中的辛德毕斯病毒、EMCV和PPV均有较好的灭活效果。

, correspAuthors=刘欣玉, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* Tel:(010)53851785;E-mail:
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Tel:(010)53851789;E-mail:

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Review of processing about inactivation and removal of virus from blood products[J]. Chin J Biochem Pharm, 2002, 23(4): 207, articleTitle=Review of processing about inactivation and removal of virus from blood products, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241324065114346189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571621823373, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=18, issue=5, pageStart=997, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=15, authorNames=KIM IS, CHOI YW, KANG Y, journalName=J Microbiol Biotechnol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KIM IS, CHOI YW, KANG Y, et al. Dry-heat treatment process for enhancing viral safety of an antihemophilic factor Ⅷ concentrate prepared from human plasma[J]. 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Validation of procedure for inactivation of parvovirus in coagulation factor products by terminal dry heating[J]. Chin J Biol, 2010, 23(9): 4, articleTitle=Validation of procedure for inactivation of parvovirus in coagulation factor products by terminal dry heating, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241324066376831712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571621823373, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=45, issue=10, pageStart=1692, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=18, authorNames=PRIKHOD’KO GG, journalName=Transfusion, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PRIKHOD’KO GG. Dry-heat sensitivity of human B19 and porcine parvoviruses[J]. Transfusion, 2005, 45(10): 1692, articleTitle=Dry-heat sensitivity of human B19 and porcine parvoviruses, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241324066439746276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571621823373, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=46, issue=9, pageStart=1648, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=19, authorNames=ROBERTS PL, EL HANA C, SALDANA J, journalName=Transfusion, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ROBERTS PL, EL HANA C, SALDANA J. Inactivation of parvovirus B19 and model viruses in factor Ⅷ by dry heat treatment at 80 degrees C[J]. Transfusion, 2006, 46(9): 1648, articleTitle=Inactivation of parvovirus B19 and model viruses in factor Ⅷ by dry heat treatment at 80 degrees C, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241324055991734571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571621823373, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241324056000123181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571621823373, companyId=1241324055991734571, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Division of Arboviral Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241324056008511789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571621823373, companyId=1241324055991734571, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国食品药品检定研究院 虫媒病毒疫苗室,北京102629)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241324060685160958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571621823373, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Dynamics curves for inactivating Sindbis virus in sample with S/D after S/D treatment, figureFileSmall=TURa6dJ4ReXO0xNHZxCSCw==, figureFileBig=pwQyZ8Pn2J3htv1FxIhB7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324060806795781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571621823373, language=CN, label=图1, caption=S/D处理法灭活含S/D样品中辛德毕斯病毒效果动力学曲线, figureFileSmall=TURa6dJ4ReXO0xNHZxCSCw==, figureFileBig=pwQyZ8Pn2J3htv1FxIhB7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324062367076879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571621823373, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Dynamics curves for inactivating EMCV virus in sample without S/D after at 99.2-99.8 ℃, 60 min, figureFileSmall=EsBt1WQJaqZLiStHYx/QOg==, figureFileBig=dkh6tuEs8Muqf8XFJK2adw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324062501294614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571621823373, language=CN, label=图2, caption=99.2~99.8 ℃、60 min灭活不含S/D样品中EMCV效果动力学曲线, figureFileSmall=EsBt1WQJaqZLiStHYx/QOg==, figureFileBig=dkh6tuEs8Muqf8XFJK2adw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324062635512348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571621823373, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Dynamics curves for inactivating PPV virus in samples without S/D after at 99.2-99.8 ℃, 60 min, figureFileSmall=7VVLFBVvwx1JSO2VQSGTug==, figureFileBig=3rFUOFn1LNhP4wLbZA9rCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324062748758561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571621823373, language=CN, label=图3, caption=99.2~99.8 ℃、60 min灭活不含S/D样品中PPV效果动力学曲线, figureFileSmall=7VVLFBVvwx1JSO2VQSGTug==, figureFileBig=3rFUOFn1LNhP4wLbZA9rCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324062824256040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571621823373, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Inactivation effect of S/D treatment on Sindbis virus in samples with S/D

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品(sample)批次1(batch 1)批次2(batch 2)批次3(batch 3)
残余滴度
(residual titer)/(lgPFU·mL-1
下降滴度
(reduced titer)*/(lgPFU·mL-1
残余滴度
(residual titer)/(lgPFU·mL-1
下降滴度
(reduced titer)*/(lgPFU·mL-1
残余滴度
(residual titer)/(lgPFU·mL-1
下降滴度*
(reduced titer)/(lgPFU·mL-1
S/D处理0.5 h(S/D treatment 0.5 h)2.611.742.801.712.462.18
S/D处理1 h(S/D treatment 1 h)1.662.692.362.151.892.75
S/D处理2 h(S/D treatment 2 h)<0.00>4.350.943.57<0.00>4.64
S/D处理4 h(S/D treatment 4 h)<0.00>4.35<0.00>4.51<0.00>4.64
S/D处理 6 h(S/D treatment 6 h)<0.00>4.35<0.00>4.51<0.00>4.64
A对照 0 h(control A 0.5 h)4.35/4.51/4.64/
A对照 6 h(control A 6 h)4.22/4.17/4.14/
B对照(control B)6.39/6.32/6.13/
病毒对照(virus control)7.28/////
), ArticleFig(id=1241324062941696560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571621823373, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

S/D处理法灭活含S/D样品中辛德毕斯病毒效果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品(sample)批次1(batch 1)批次2(batch 2)批次3(batch 3)
残余滴度
(residual titer)/(lgPFU·mL-1
下降滴度
(reduced titer)*/(lgPFU·mL-1
残余滴度
(residual titer)/(lgPFU·mL-1
下降滴度
(reduced titer)*/(lgPFU·mL-1
残余滴度
(residual titer)/(lgPFU·mL-1
下降滴度*
(reduced titer)/(lgPFU·mL-1
S/D处理0.5 h(S/D treatment 0.5 h)2.611.742.801.712.462.18
S/D处理1 h(S/D treatment 1 h)1.662.692.362.151.892.75
S/D处理2 h(S/D treatment 2 h)<0.00>4.350.943.57<0.00>4.64
S/D处理4 h(S/D treatment 4 h)<0.00>4.35<0.00>4.51<0.00>4.64
S/D处理 6 h(S/D treatment 6 h)<0.00>4.35<0.00>4.51<0.00>4.64
A对照 0 h(control A 0.5 h)4.35/4.51/4.64/
A对照 6 h(control A 6 h)4.22/4.17/4.14/
B对照(control B)6.39/6.32/6.13/
病毒对照(virus control)7.28/////
), ArticleFig(id=1241324063059137086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571621823373, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Inactivation effect of dry heating on EMCV at 99.2-99.8 ℃, 60 min in samples without S/D

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理时间
(treated time)
批次1(batch 1)批次2(batch 2)批次3(batch 3)
残余滴度
(residual titer)/(lgTCID50/0.1 mL)
下降滴度
(reduced titer)*/(lgTCID50/0.1 mL)
残余滴度
(residual titer)/(lgTCID50/0.1 mL)
下降滴度
(reduced titer)*/(lgTCID50/0.1 mL)
残余滴度
(residual titer)/(lgTCID50/0.1 mL)
下降滴度
(reduced titer)*/(lgTCID50/0.1 mL)
冻干前
(before freezed)
5.88/5.62/5.75/
冻干后
(after freezed)
1.694.191.624.001.943.81
5min≤0.50≥5.38≤0.50≥5.12≤0.50≥5.25
15min≤0.50≥5.38≤0.50≥5.12≤0.50≥5.25
30min≤0.50≥5.38≤0.50≥5.12≤0.50≥5.25
45min≤0.50≥5.38≤0.50≥5.12≤0.50≥5.25
60min≤0.50≥5.38≤0.50≥5.12≤0.50≥5.25
病毒对照(virus control)6.88/////
), ArticleFig(id=1241324063151411786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571621823373, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

99.2~99.8 ℃、60 min灭活不含S/D样品中EMCV效果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理时间
(treated time)
批次1(batch 1)批次2(batch 2)批次3(batch 3)
残余滴度
(residual titer)/(lgTCID50/0.1 mL)
下降滴度
(reduced titer)*/(lgTCID50/0.1 mL)
残余滴度
(residual titer)/(lgTCID50/0.1 mL)
下降滴度
(reduced titer)*/(lgTCID50/0.1 mL)
残余滴度
(residual titer)/(lgTCID50/0.1 mL)
下降滴度
(reduced titer)*/(lgTCID50/0.1 mL)
冻干前
(before freezed)
5.88/5.62/5.75/
冻干后
(after freezed)
1.694.191.624.001.943.81
5min≤0.50≥5.38≤0.50≥5.12≤0.50≥5.25
15min≤0.50≥5.38≤0.50≥5.12≤0.50≥5.25
30min≤0.50≥5.38≤0.50≥5.12≤0.50≥5.25
45min≤0.50≥5.38≤0.50≥5.12≤0.50≥5.25
60min≤0.50≥5.38≤0.50≥5.12≤0.50≥5.25
病毒对照(virus control)6.88/////
), ArticleFig(id=1241324063247880788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571621823373, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Inactivation effect of dry heating on PPV at 99.2-99.8 ℃, 60 min in samples without S/D

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理时间
(treated time)
批次1(batch 1)批次2(batch 2)批次3(batch 3)
残余滴度
(residual titer)/(lgTCID50/0.1 mL)
下降滴度
(reduced titer)*/(lgTCID50/0.1 mL)
残余滴度
(residual titer)/(lgTCID50/0.1 mL)
下降滴度
(reduced titer)*/(lgTCID50/0.1 mL)
残余滴度
(residual titer)/(lgTCID50/0.1 mL)
下降滴度
(reduced titer)*/(lgTCID50/0.1 mL)
冻干前
(before freezed)
6.25/6.06/6.06/
冻干后
(after freezed)
5.750.55.750.315.940.12
5min5.380.875.320.745.380.68
15min5.2515.320.745.250.81
30min4.2524.251.814.381.68
45min2.323.932.123.941.884.18
60min1.684.571.884.181.384.68
病毒对照(virus control)6.56/////
), ArticleFig(id=1241324063382098528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571621823373, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

99.2~99.8 ℃、60 min灭活不含S/D样品中PPV效果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理时间
(treated time)
批次1(batch 1)批次2(batch 2)批次3(batch 3)
残余滴度
(residual titer)/(lgTCID50/0.1 mL)
下降滴度
(reduced titer)*/(lgTCID50/0.1 mL)
残余滴度
(residual titer)/(lgTCID50/0.1 mL)
下降滴度
(reduced titer)*/(lgTCID50/0.1 mL)
残余滴度
(residual titer)/(lgTCID50/0.1 mL)
下降滴度
(reduced titer)*/(lgTCID50/0.1 mL)
冻干前
(before freezed)
6.25/6.06/6.06/
冻干后
(after freezed)
5.750.55.750.315.940.12
5min5.380.875.320.745.380.68
15min5.2515.320.745.250.81
30min4.2524.251.814.381.68
45min2.323.932.123.941.884.18
60min1.684.571.884.181.384.68
病毒对照(virus control)6.56/////
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S/D处理法和干热法用于C1酯酶抑制剂病毒灭活的效果验证
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杨立宏 , 岳广智 , 徐宏山 , 刘欣玉 * , 叶强
药物分析杂志 | 生物检定 2025,45(1): 104-109
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药物分析杂志 | 生物检定 2025, 45(1): 104-109
S/D处理法和干热法用于C1酯酶抑制剂病毒灭活的效果验证
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杨立宏 , 岳广智, 徐宏山, 刘欣玉* , 叶强
作者信息
  • 中国食品药品检定研究院 虫媒病毒疫苗室,北京102629
  • Tel:(010)53851789;E-mail:

通讯作者:

* Tel:(010)53851785;E-mail:
Verification for effect of virus inactivation in C1 esterase inhibitor by solvent/detergent and dry heating
Li-hong YANG , Guang-zhi YUE, Hong-shan XU, Xin-yu LIU* , Qiang YE
Affiliations
  • Division of Arboviral Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
出版时间: 2025-01-31 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0466
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目的:

验证运用有机溶剂/去污剂(S/D)处理法和干热法对C1酯酶抑制剂(C1-INH)中病毒灭活效果。

方法:

采用S/D处理法灭活含S/D样品中添加的辛德毕斯病毒,噬斑滴定法检测灭活前后的病毒滴度,干热法灭活脑心肌炎病毒(EMCV)和猪细小病毒(PPV),细胞病变法检测灭活前后的病毒滴度。

结果:

经S/D处理法灭活后,3批含S/D样品中辛德毕斯病毒降低量分别为>4.35 lgPFU·mL-1、>4.51 lgPFU·mL-1、>4.64 lgPFU·mL-1。经干热法灭活后,3批不含S/D样品中EMCV降低量分别为≥5.38 lgTCID50/0.1 mL、≥5.12 lgTCID50/0.1 mL、≥5.25 lgTCID50/0.1 mL,PPV降低量分别为4.57 lgTCID50/0.1 mL、4.18 lgTCID50/0.1 mL、4.68 lgTCID50/0.1 mL。

结论:

通过对指示病毒的验证效果评估,证明S/D法和干热法对C1-INH中的辛德毕斯病毒、EMCV和PPV均有较好的灭活效果。

有机溶剂/去污剂处理法  /  干热法  /  C1酯酶抑制剂  /  病毒灭活  /  辛德毕斯病毒  /  脑心肌炎病毒  /  猪细小病毒
Objective:

To confirm the validity of solvent/detergent (S/D) treatment and dry heating for inactivation of virus in C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH).

Methods:

The Sindbis virus in samples with S/D was inactivated by the S/D method, and the virus titer before and after inactivation was detected using the plaque assay. Dry heating method was used to inactivate encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and porcine parvovirus (PPV), and cytopathic assay was used to detect the virus titer before and after inactivation.

Results:

After inactivation by the S/D method, the reductions of Sindbis virus in three batches of smaples with S/D were > 4.35 lgPFU·mL-1, > 4.51 lgPFU·mL-1,> 4.64 lgPFU·mL-1, respectively. After dry heating, the reductions of EMCV in three batches of samples without S/D were ≥5.38 lgTCID50/0.1 mL、≥5.12 lgTCID50/0.1 mL、≥5.25 lgTCID50/0.1 mL, respectively, and the reductions of PPV in three batches of samples without S/D were 4.57 lgTCID50/0.1 mL、4.18 lgTCID50/0.1 mL、4.68 lgTCID50/0.1 mL, respectively.

Conclusion:

With evaluation on the inactivation capability of the indicator viruses, it is proved that the S/D treatment and dry heating has good inactivation and removal effect on the virus in C1-INH.

S/D treatment  /  dry heating  /  C1 esterase inhibitor  /  virus inactivation  /  Sindbis virus  /  encephalomyocarditis virus  /  porcine parvovirus
杨立宏, 岳广智, 徐宏山, 刘欣玉, 叶强. S/D处理法和干热法用于C1酯酶抑制剂病毒灭活的效果验证. 药物分析杂志, 2025 , 45 (1) : 104 -109 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0466
Li-hong YANG, Guang-zhi YUE, Hong-shan XU, Xin-yu LIU, Qiang YE. Verification for effect of virus inactivation in C1 esterase inhibitor by solvent/detergent and dry heating[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2025 , 45 (1) : 104 -109 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0466
C1酯酶抑制剂(C1 esterase inhibitor,C1-INH)是一种血浆蛋白酶抑制物,作为唯一能通过经典途径和凝集素途径对补体系统进行调节的抑制剂,在血浆级联系统中有着重要的调节作用。
C1-INH发挥作用迅速,副作用较小,可用于预防或治疗遗传性血管性水肿,其浓缩制剂被国际性的指导通则推荐为遗传性血管性水肿急性治疗药物,血浆来源的C1-INH浓缩制剂为孕妇、哺乳期女性及儿童的首选药物[1-6]。另外,其非蛋白酶抑制作用在抗炎、移植排异反应、热损伤、缺血再灌注、肠道缺血等危重病治疗领域都有一定的应用价值[7],但国内目前尚无产品上市。
C1-INH可通过血浆提纯和重组表达的方式生产。血浆提纯的C1-INH作为一种血液制品,存在病毒污染风险,根据WHO《保障人血液制品安全性的病毒灭活和去除方法指南》和国家药品监督管理局制定的《血液制品去除/灭活病毒技术方法及验证指导原则》的要求,生产工艺应能够对病毒进行灭活/去除,并保证灭活工艺验证中去除病毒量一般应超过4 logs,以提高其安全性[8-9]
本研究将有机溶剂/去污剂(S/D)处理法和干热法应用于血浆提纯C1-INH病毒灭活/去除,并进行了验证,旨在评价2种工艺的病毒灭活/去除效果,以确保C1-INH制品的安全性。
3批血浆提纯C1-INH样品(批号1~3)由国内某血液制品生产企业提供,每批包括含S/D和不含S/D 2种规格。
猪睾丸(swine testis, ST)细胞、幼地鼠肾(baby hamster kidney 21, BHK-21)细胞、非洲绿猴肾(Vero)细胞由中国食品药品检定研究院虫媒病毒疫苗室(简称本室)保存。
辛德毕斯病毒为本室传代保存;猪细小病毒(porcine parvovirus, PPV)、脑心肌炎病毒(encephalo-myocarditis virus,EMCV)来源于美国模式菌种收集中心(American Type Culture Collection, ATCC)。
Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium(DMEM)、胎牛血清(FBS)、胰蛋白酶-EDTA均购自Gibco公司;甲基纤维素覆盖物购自Sigma公司;双抗(青霉素、链霉素)购自索来宝公司。NUAIR-NU-437-600S生物安全柜购自纽艾尔公司;Thermo 3111 CO2培养箱购自热电公司;BS-31 55L恒温水浴摇床购自杰奥特公司。
分别吸取3批含S/D样品各9.0 mL,加入辛德毕斯病毒液(标示滴度7.68 lgPFU·mL-1)1.0 mL,混匀后放入24.8~25.0 ℃水浴,分别于0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0、6.0 h取样,用终止液(含4% FBS、1%双抗、0.075%碳酸氢钠的DMEM)1:100稀释,冻存-70 ℃冰箱备测。分别吸取3批不含S/D样品各9.0 mL,加入辛德毕斯病毒液1.0 mL,混匀后各取0.2 mL,用终止液1:100稀释,作为0 h A对照,于-70 ℃冰箱冻存备测。其余9.8 mL混合液放入24.8~25.0 ℃水浴,于6 h取0.2 mL用终止液1:100稀释,作为6 h A对照样品,-70 ℃冰箱冻存备测。取3批含S/D样品各9.0 mL,放入24.8~25.0 ℃水浴,于6 h取样0.2 mL,用终止液1:100稀释至20.0 mL,按1:10加入辛德毕斯病毒液2.0 mL为B对照,混匀分装后置-70 ℃冰箱备测。同时,取辛德毕斯病毒液2.0 mL,作为病毒对照,置-70 ℃冰箱备测。
BHK-21细胞弃去培养液上清,加入胰蛋白酶-EDTA消化至细胞开始脱落后,弃去细胞瓶中的胰蛋白酶-EDTA,加入DMEM,吹打分散细胞。计数细胞,将浓度为1.5×106·mL-1的细胞悬液接种入6孔板,每孔4.0 mL。37 ℃ 5% CO2培养箱培养约48 h至长成细胞单层。弃去孔内的细胞培养液,用含2% FBS的DMEM样品10倍系列稀释,接种6孔板,每稀释度接种2孔,接种量为每孔500 μL。在(37±1)℃,5% CO2培养箱放置60 min,期间每20 min轻摇1次。之后每孔加甲基纤维素覆盖物4.0 mL,继续培养5 d。吸去覆盖物,每孔加1%结晶紫染色液2.0~3.0 mL,室温染色20~30 min,然后倒掉染色液,用流水冲洗细胞,将染色液冲洗干净,于室温晾干。计数每孔蚀斑数,计算病毒滴度。病毒滴度(lgPFU·mL-1)=lg10|X|+lg(10X对应的平均噬斑数)+lg2,|X|为蚀斑数10~99范围的的最高稀释度的绝对值。
结果显示,3批含S/D样品加入指示病毒辛德毕斯病毒后经S/D处理法、25.0 ℃、6 h处理后,可灭活该病毒滴度分别为>4.35 lgPFU·mL-1、>4.51 lgPFU·mL-1、>4.64 lgPFU·mL-1,见表1
3批含S/D样品中辛德毕斯病毒滴度均在S/D处理后迅速下降,第1、3批处理2 h后下降至0.00 lgPFU·mL-1,第2批处理4 h后下降至0.00 lgPFU·mL-1,见图1
取3批不含S/D样品各126.0 mL,分别加入EMCV或PPV 14.0 mL摇匀,分装每瓶10 mL。冻干前病毒回滴样品分装后放入-70 ℃冻存,其余样品冻干机冻干。取冻干后样品2瓶放入-70 ℃冻存,其余全部放入水浴灭菌器中分别进行 99.2~99.8 ℃恒温加热处理5、15、30、45、60 min。
采用微量细胞病变法(cytopathic effect, CPE)。将待测病毒用含2% FBS的DMEM进行10倍系列稀释后,取适宜稀释度的病毒分别接种至长满单层ST细胞和Vero细胞的96孔细胞板内,每个稀释度接种8孔,每孔0.1 mL,37 ℃,5%CO2培养箱培养。7 d记录CPE结果,按Spearman-Karber法计算病毒滴度。
结果显示,3批不含S/D样品加入指示病毒EMCV后,经冻干及99.2~99.8 ℃,60 min加热灭活,5 min后病毒滴度即降低至检测限(0.50 lgTCID50/0.1mL)以下。60 min可使该病毒滴度降低,降低量分别为:≥5.38 lgTCID50/0.1mL、≥5.12 lgTCID50/0.1mL、≥5.25 lgTCID50/0.1mL。
3批不含S/D样品加入指示病毒PPV后,经冻干及99.2~99.8 ℃,60 min加热灭活,可降低该病毒滴度,降低量分别为4.57 lgTCID50/0.1mL、4.18 lgTCID50/0.1mL、4.68 lgTCID50/0.1mL。具体结果见表23图2图3
本研究中的C1-INH来自人血浆,存在潜在的血浆中脂包膜和非脂包膜病毒污染风险,因此对产品生产工艺除病毒能力提出了要求,而生产上常用的病毒灭活/去除工艺为S/D处理法和干热法。因此本研究中应用S/D处理法和干热法2种方法,对血浆提纯C1-INH进行病毒灭活/去除验证,以保证病毒的灭活和去除效果。
S/D处理法可有效灭活样品中的脂包膜病毒,其原理为S/D可溶解病毒外表脂包膜,从而使病毒失去感染能力。S/D处理法条件相对温和,对样品活性的影响较小,因此被广泛应用于脂包膜病毒的去除。本研究选取脂包膜病毒辛德毕斯病毒为指示病毒,采用S/D处理法常用的处理试剂(0.3 % TNBP和1 %吐温80),在24.8~25.0 ℃处理6 h。研究发现,3批含S/D 样品经处理后,样品中病毒滴度迅速降低,2 h辛德毕斯指示病毒降低量已分别达>4.35 lgPFU·mL-1、3.57 lgPFU·mL-1、>4.64 lgPFU·mL-1。2批病毒降低量(log10)超过4 logs的要求,虽然第2批2 h病毒降低量(log10)未达到4 logs,但也较为接近,下一个取样点(4 h)已达到要求,表示S/D法灭活病毒有效,且在时间上有较大的安全余量。分析3批样品,批号1(pH 8.1、蛋白质含量0.3 %),批号2(pH 8.0、蛋白质含量0.3 %),批号3(pH 7.6、蛋白质含量0.3 %),未见样品理化性质(pH、蛋白质含量)上有较为明显的差别,因此第2批病毒灭活效果稍差的原因仍需进一步研究。
尽管S/D可有效灭活脂包膜病毒,但对非脂包膜病毒如HAV、B19病毒灭活效果较差[10]。而加热灭活法对病毒的灭活是非特异的,对有包膜和无包膜病毒均可灭活,其病毒灭活效果已经得到验证[11-12]。因此根据指导原则要求,采用第2种方法干热法对非脂包膜病毒进行灭活。研究采用EMCV和PPV 2种非脂包膜病毒,分别代表非脂包膜RNA病毒和非脂包膜DNA病毒作为指示病毒进行灭活验证。研究发现,对于EMCV,冻干后前2批病毒滴度降低已达4.19 lgTCID50/0.1 mL和4.00 lgTCID50/0.1 mL,第3批为3.81 lgTCID50/0.1 mL。99.2~99.8 ℃加热5 min后3批病毒滴度均降至检测限≤0.50 lgTCID50/0.1 mL,降低量分别达≥5.38 lgTCID50/0.1 mL、≥5.12 lgTCID50/0.1 mL、≥5.25 lgTCID50/0.1 mL,证明冻干过程可使EMCV病毒滴度下降较多,干热法也能迅速灭活病毒。而对于PPV,冻干后并经99.2~99.8 ℃加热至60 min后,病毒滴度才降低4.0 logs(10)以上(分别为4.57 lgTCID50/0.1 mL、4.18 lgTCID50/0.1 mL、4.68 lgTCID50/0.1 mL),证明尽管99.2~99.8 ℃干热60 min也能灭活PPV,但其灭活效果要明显差于EMCV。
病毒灭活验证中指示病毒PPV主要代表人细小病毒B19,血浆制品中B19病毒污染较为普遍,其对物理和化学灭活方法的抵抗力强于脂包膜病毒。Kim等[13]研究发现,FⅧ浓缩剂进行100 ℃水浴30 min处理,可使脂包膜病毒HIV、BHV和BVDV的滴度分别下降≥ 5.15、6.13和4.46 log10,使非脂包膜病毒EMCV和HAV的滴度分别下降≥ 5.87 log10和≥ 5.55 log10,但仅使PPV的滴度下降了1.90 log10,证明PPV非常难以灭活。
干热法对制品进行病毒灭活时,影响因素较多。笔者在以前的研究中发现,尽管不同企业生产的制品产品种类相同,生产工艺相近,但采用干热法时,对病毒的灭活效果却不完全一致。原因可能包括冻干或病毒灭活使用的仪器设备是否可保障制品冻干和加热时的均一性,制品最终容器的大小、分装量、封口形式差异,冻干曲线的差异,制品组分和浓度的差异[14]。也有研究发现,冻干制品中残留水分的高低与B19病毒对干热处理的抵抗力密切相关[15-16]。因此,在采用干热法对制品进行病毒灭活验证时,需考虑各种因素对灭活效果的影响,从而采用合理的工艺,以达到最好的灭活效果。
本研究证明,S/D法和干热法均可有效灭活血浆提纯C1-INH中的脂包膜和非脂包膜病毒,保证制品的安全性。
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0466
  • 接收时间:2024-07-17
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2025-01-31
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-17
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    中国食品药品检定研究院 虫媒病毒疫苗室,北京102629

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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