Article(id=1241314571248521764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1241314565582025478, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0300, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1715097600000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773882056294, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1738252800000, pubDateStr=2025-01-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773882056294, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773882056294, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773882056294, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241314565582025478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2025', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='180', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773882054943, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773882204745, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241315193960059168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1241314565582025478, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241315193964253473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1241314565582025478, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=92, endPage=98, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241314571558900281, articleId=1241314571248521764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Simultaneous determination of vancomycin, aminophylline and caffeine in children’s serum by HPLC method, columnId=1239184757519602223, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Metabolism Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To establish an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of vancomycin, caffeine and aminophylline in serum of children patients and apply it to clinical detection.

Methods:

6% perchloric acid was used as protein precipitator and acetanilide was used as internal standard. The determination was performed on Nucifera C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with mobile phase methanol-0.05 mol·L-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate (18 :82, v/v). The detection wavelength was 236 nm, the flow rate was 1 mL·min-1, the column temperature was 25 ℃, and the sample size was 20 μL.

Results:

The serum concentrations of vancomycin and aminophylline were in the range of 1.0-100 μg·mL-1, and the standard curves were Y=0.010 6X+0.006 9(r=0.998 8), Y=0.012 7X+0.008 4 (r=0.998 9), respectively. The serum concentration of caffeine had a good linear relationship in the range of 1.0-160 μg·mL-1, and the standard curve was Y=0.015 4X-0.010 1 (r=0.999 1). Quantitative downlines were all 1.0 μg·mL-1. The average recovery rates of the three compounds ranged from 97.8%to 103.1%, and the relative standard deviations of intraday and daytime precision were less than 10%, indicating good sample stability. Ten cases of children receiving vancomycin, aminophylline or caffeine were collected for method verification, which met the needs of clinical detection.

Conclusion:

The method is simple, rapid, accurate, and is suitable for the simultaneous determination of serum vancomycin, caffeine and aminophylline in children.

, correspAuthors=Ling-ying SU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Sai LI, Shou-lin LI, Dong-liang WANG, Ling-ying SU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241314573999985275, articleId=1241314571248521764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=HPLC法同时测定儿童患者血清中万古霉素、咖啡因和氨茶碱浓度及其临床应用*, columnId=1239184757708345914, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=代谢分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的:

建立HPLC法同时测定儿童患者血清中万古霉素、咖啡因和氨茶碱浓度的方法并应用于临床检测。

方法:

选用6%高氯酸为蛋白沉淀剂,乙酰苯胺为内标物,采用Nucifera C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,以甲醇-0.05 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液(18 :82,v/v)为流动相,流速1 mL·min-1,检测波长236 nm,柱温25 ℃,进样量20 μL。

结果:

万古霉素和氨茶碱血清药物浓度在1.0~100 μg·mL-1范围内线性关系良好,标准曲线分别为Y=0.010 6X+0.006 9(r=0.998 8)、Y=0.012 7X+0.008 4(r=0.998 9);咖啡因血清药物浓度在1.0~160 μg·mL-1范围内线性关系良好,标准曲线为Y=0.015 4X-0.010 1(r=0.999 1);定量限均为1.0 μg·mL-1;待测物的平均相对回收率均在97.8%~103.1%,日内和日间的精密度相对标准偏差均<10%,样品稳定性良好。收集10例接受万古霉素、氨茶碱或咖啡因治疗的患儿进行方法验证,符合临床检测需求。

结论:

本方法操作简便,准确度高,适应于儿童患者血清万古霉素、氨茶碱或咖啡因浓度的同时测定。

, correspAuthors=苏凌璎, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
** Tel:18752396935;E-mail:
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Tel:15851742373;E-mail:

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Biomed Chromatogr, 2023, 37(3):e5568, articleTitle=A combined qualitative and quantitativemethod development and validation of vancomycin hydrochloride injection formulation by HPLC and UV involving quality by design, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241324064699110063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571248521764, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=29, issue=8, pageStart=31, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=18, authorNames=李赛, 李寿林, 苏凌璎, journalName=儿科药学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李赛,李寿林,苏凌璎. 高效液相色谱法测定新生儿咖啡因血药浓度及临床应用[J].儿科药学杂志202329(8):31, articleTitle=高效液相色谱法测定新生儿咖啡因血药浓度及临床应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241324064795579062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571248521764, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=29, issue=8, pageStart=31, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=19, authorNames=LI S, LI SL, SU LY, journalName=J Pediatr Pharm, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI S, LI SL, SU LY. Determination of neonatal caffeine concentration by high performance liquid chromatography and its clinical application [J]. J Pediatr Pharm, 2023, 29(8): 31, articleTitle=Determination of neonatal caffeine concentration by high performance liquid chromatography and its clinical application, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241324062488711701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571248521764, awardId=HAWJ201922, language=CN, fundingSource=*淮安卫生健康科研项目(HAWJ201922), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241324055492612358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571248521764, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241324055496806664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571248521764, companyId=1241324055492612358, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Department of Pharmacy, Huai’an Women and Children’s Health Care Hospital, Huai’an 223001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241324055505195272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571248521764, companyId=1241324055492612358, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 淮安市妇幼保健院药学部,淮安223001)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241324055580692752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571248521764, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241324055584887057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571248521764, companyId=1241324055580692752, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. The Affiliated Huai’an No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223300, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241324055597469971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571248521764, companyId=1241324055580692752, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. 南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院神经内科,淮安223300)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241324059946963395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571248521764, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=HPLC chromatograms of vancomycin, aminophylline and caffeine in serum, figureFileSmall=q5dD7lTUGjDHTVHIf4fclA==, figureFileBig=hmTw/7+xCaRvV3OEZd50NA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324060035043787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571248521764, language=CN, label=图1, caption=万古霉素、氨茶碱和咖啡因血清样品色谱图

1.万古霉素(vancomycin) 2.茶碱(theophylline) 3.咖啡因(caffeine) 4.内标(internal standard) A. 空白血清(blank serum) B. 空白血清加内标(blank serum and internal standard) C.空白血清加对照品和内标(blank serum with standards and internal standard) D.使用万古霉素和氨茶碱患儿血清(serum sample from a pediatric patient after intravenously administration of vancomycin and aminophylline) E. 使用万古霉素和咖啡因患儿血清(serum sample from a pediatric patient after intravenously administration of vancomycin and caffeine)

, figureFileSmall=q5dD7lTUGjDHTVHIf4fclA==, figureFileBig=hmTw/7+xCaRvV3OEZd50NA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324060131512788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571248521764, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Precision test results of vancomycin, aminophylline, and caffeine

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分析物(anaylyte)理论浓度
(concentration)/(μg·mL-1
日内精密度(intra-day)日间将密度(inter-day)
实测浓度(measured concentration)/(μg·mL-1RSD/%实测浓度(measured concentration)/(μg·mL-1RSD/%
万古霉素21.88±0.147.62.04±0.189.0
(vancomycin)3029.40±1.184.030.19±2.207.3
8080.43±2.593.281.17±2.162.7
氨茶碱21.98±0.094.52.04±0.157.3
(aminophylline)3030.82±2.678.731.32±2.187.0
8079.97±3.123.979.63±3.083.9
咖啡因22.05±0.178.42.07±0.209.7
(caffeine)4039.87±2.456.140.25±3.248.1
130128.53±2.962.3127.94±4.453.5
), ArticleFig(id=1241324060240564702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571248521764, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

万古霉素、氨茶碱及咖啡因精密度试验结果(, n=5)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分析物(anaylyte)理论浓度
(concentration)/(μg·mL-1
日内精密度(intra-day)日间将密度(inter-day)
实测浓度(measured concentration)/(μg·mL-1RSD/%实测浓度(measured concentration)/(μg·mL-1RSD/%
万古霉素21.88±0.147.62.04±0.189.0
(vancomycin)3029.40±1.184.030.19±2.207.3
8080.43±2.593.281.17±2.162.7
氨茶碱21.98±0.094.52.04±0.157.3
(aminophylline)3030.82±2.678.731.32±2.187.0
8079.97±3.123.979.63±3.083.9
咖啡因22.05±0.178.42.07±0.209.7
(caffeine)4039.87±2.456.140.25±3.248.1
130128.53±2.962.3127.94±4.453.5
), ArticleFig(id=1241324060362199527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571248521764, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

recovery test results ofvancomycin, aminophylline, and caffeine

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
待测药物(drug)理论浓度(concentration)/(μg·mL-1实测浓度(measured concentration)/(μg·mL-1回收率
(recovery)/%
RSD/%
万古霉素21.96±0.1597.8±7.37.5
(vancomycin)3029.67±1.7098.9±5.75.7
8080.91±2.21101.1±2.82.7
氨茶碱22.03±0.18101.7±9.69.4
(aminophylline)3030.67±1.83102.3±6.16.0
8080.88±2.31101.1±3.23.1
咖啡因22.06±0.18103.1±9.08.7
(caffeine)4039.71±2.6199.3±6.56.6
130130.84±6.19100.6±4.84.7
), ArticleFig(id=1241324060462862829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571248521764, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

万古霉素、氨茶碱及咖啡因回收率试验结果(n=5)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
待测药物(drug)理论浓度(concentration)/(μg·mL-1实测浓度(measured concentration)/(μg·mL-1回收率
(recovery)/%
RSD/%
万古霉素21.96±0.1597.8±7.37.5
(vancomycin)3029.67±1.7098.9±5.75.7
8080.91±2.21101.1±2.82.7
氨茶碱22.03±0.18101.7±9.69.4
(aminophylline)3030.67±1.83102.3±6.16.0
8080.88±2.31101.1±3.23.1
咖啡因22.06±0.18103.1±9.08.7
(caffeine)4039.71±2.6199.3±6.56.6
130130.84±6.19100.6±4.84.7
), ArticleFig(id=1241324060555137526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571248521764, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Stability test results of vancomycin, aminophylline, and caffeine

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
待测药物
(drug)
理论浓度
(concentration)/(μg·mL-1
室温24 h
(room temperature 24 h)
-20 ℃ 3 月
(long-term -20 ℃ 3 mouth)
-80 ℃冻融3次
(freeze -80 ℃/ thaw 20 ℃ 3 times)
实测浓度(measured concentration)/(μg·mL-1RSD/%实测浓度(measured concentration)/(μg·mL-1RSD/%实测浓度(measured concentration)/(μg·mL-1RSD/%
万古霉素21.96±0.168.01.90±0.094.82.02±0.199.3
(vancomycin)3029.90±2.628.830.42±1.996.630.13±2.408.0
8080.36±2.573.279.36±2.573.282.73±3.774.6
氨茶碱21.90±0.147.31.96±0.189.31.98±0.126.1
(aminophylline)3030.63±2.528.229.89±1.595.331.46±2.879.1
8080.17±2.833.578.98±2.383.080.42±2.773.5
咖啡因22.06±0.178.52.04±0.126.02.08±0.167.9
(caffeine)4041.03±2.345.738.68±2.877.440.26±2.786.9
130132.80±6.024.5129.86±3.972.4128.74±3.402.6
), ArticleFig(id=1241324060685160959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571248521764, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

万古霉素、氨茶碱及咖啡因稳定性试验结果(n=5)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
待测药物
(drug)
理论浓度
(concentration)/(μg·mL-1
室温24 h
(room temperature 24 h)
-20 ℃ 3 月
(long-term -20 ℃ 3 mouth)
-80 ℃冻融3次
(freeze -80 ℃/ thaw 20 ℃ 3 times)
实测浓度(measured concentration)/(μg·mL-1RSD/%实测浓度(measured concentration)/(μg·mL-1RSD/%实测浓度(measured concentration)/(μg·mL-1RSD/%
万古霉素21.96±0.168.01.90±0.094.82.02±0.199.3
(vancomycin)3029.90±2.628.830.42±1.996.630.13±2.408.0
8080.36±2.573.279.36±2.573.282.73±3.774.6
氨茶碱21.90±0.147.31.96±0.189.31.98±0.126.1
(aminophylline)3030.63±2.528.229.89±1.595.331.46±2.879.1
8080.17±2.833.578.98±2.383.080.42±2.773.5
咖啡因22.06±0.178.52.04±0.126.02.08±0.167.9
(caffeine)4041.03±2.345.738.68±2.877.440.26±2.786.9
130132.80±6.024.5129.86±3.972.4128.74±3.402.6
), ArticleFig(id=1241324060764852738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571248521764, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Results of serum drug concentration in 10 children

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号(NO.)性别(gender)药物(drug)给药剂量(administration dosage)/(mg·kg-1·d-1血清药物浓度(concentration)/(μg·mL-1
1男(male)万古霉素(vancomycin)30.007.43
2女(female)万古霉素(vancomycin)40.0511.05
3氨茶碱(aminophylline)4.495.30
4男(male)万古霉素(vancomycin)30.2810.02
氨茶碱(aminophylline)6.016.79
5女(female)咖啡因(caffeine)10.0028.65
6女(female)咖啡因(caffeine)9.8016.86
7男(male)咖啡因(caffeine)10.0011.02
8女(female)万古霉素(vancomycin)30.006.06
咖啡因(caffeine)10.0024.55
9男(male)万古霉素(vancomycin)30.005.01
咖啡因(caffeine)10.0020.18
10男(male)万古霉素(vancomycin)28.904.93
咖啡因(caffeine)5.139.77
), ArticleFig(id=1241324062274802183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314571248521764, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

10例患儿血清药物浓度检测结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号(NO.)性别(gender)药物(drug)给药剂量(administration dosage)/(mg·kg-1·d-1血清药物浓度(concentration)/(μg·mL-1
1男(male)万古霉素(vancomycin)30.007.43
2女(female)万古霉素(vancomycin)40.0511.05
3氨茶碱(aminophylline)4.495.30
4男(male)万古霉素(vancomycin)30.2810.02
氨茶碱(aminophylline)6.016.79
5女(female)咖啡因(caffeine)10.0028.65
6女(female)咖啡因(caffeine)9.8016.86
7男(male)咖啡因(caffeine)10.0011.02
8女(female)万古霉素(vancomycin)30.006.06
咖啡因(caffeine)10.0024.55
9男(male)万古霉素(vancomycin)30.005.01
咖啡因(caffeine)10.0020.18
10男(male)万古霉素(vancomycin)28.904.93
咖啡因(caffeine)5.139.77
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HPLC法同时测定儿童患者血清中万古霉素、咖啡因和氨茶碱浓度及其临床应用*
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李赛 1 , 李寿林 1 , 王东亮 1 , 苏凌璎 2, **
药物分析杂志 | 代谢分析 2025,45(1): 92-98
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药物分析杂志 | 代谢分析 2025, 45(1): 92-98
HPLC法同时测定儿童患者血清中万古霉素、咖啡因和氨茶碱浓度及其临床应用*
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李赛1 , 李寿林1, 王东亮1, 苏凌璎2, **
作者信息
  • 1. 淮安市妇幼保健院药学部,淮安223001
  • 2. 南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院神经内科,淮安223300
  • Tel:15851742373;E-mail:

通讯作者:

** Tel:18752396935;E-mail:
Simultaneous determination of vancomycin, aminophylline and caffeine in children’s serum by HPLC method
Sai LI1 , Shou-lin LI1, Dong-liang WANG1, Ling-ying SU2, **
Affiliations
  • 1. Department of Pharmacy, Huai’an Women and Children’s Health Care Hospital, Huai’an 223001, China
  • 2. The Affiliated Huai’an No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223300, China
出版时间: 2025-01-31 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0300
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目的:

建立HPLC法同时测定儿童患者血清中万古霉素、咖啡因和氨茶碱浓度的方法并应用于临床检测。

方法:

选用6%高氯酸为蛋白沉淀剂,乙酰苯胺为内标物,采用Nucifera C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,以甲醇-0.05 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液(18 :82,v/v)为流动相,流速1 mL·min-1,检测波长236 nm,柱温25 ℃,进样量20 μL。

结果:

万古霉素和氨茶碱血清药物浓度在1.0~100 μg·mL-1范围内线性关系良好,标准曲线分别为Y=0.010 6X+0.006 9(r=0.998 8)、Y=0.012 7X+0.008 4(r=0.998 9);咖啡因血清药物浓度在1.0~160 μg·mL-1范围内线性关系良好,标准曲线为Y=0.015 4X-0.010 1(r=0.999 1);定量限均为1.0 μg·mL-1;待测物的平均相对回收率均在97.8%~103.1%,日内和日间的精密度相对标准偏差均<10%,样品稳定性良好。收集10例接受万古霉素、氨茶碱或咖啡因治疗的患儿进行方法验证,符合临床检测需求。

结论:

本方法操作简便,准确度高,适应于儿童患者血清万古霉素、氨茶碱或咖啡因浓度的同时测定。

高效液相色谱法  /  万古霉素  /  咖啡因  /  氨茶碱  /  儿童患者  /  血药浓度  /  同时测定
Objective:

To establish an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of vancomycin, caffeine and aminophylline in serum of children patients and apply it to clinical detection.

Methods:

6% perchloric acid was used as protein precipitator and acetanilide was used as internal standard. The determination was performed on Nucifera C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with mobile phase methanol-0.05 mol·L-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate (18 :82, v/v). The detection wavelength was 236 nm, the flow rate was 1 mL·min-1, the column temperature was 25 ℃, and the sample size was 20 μL.

Results:

The serum concentrations of vancomycin and aminophylline were in the range of 1.0-100 μg·mL-1, and the standard curves were Y=0.010 6X+0.006 9(r=0.998 8), Y=0.012 7X+0.008 4 (r=0.998 9), respectively. The serum concentration of caffeine had a good linear relationship in the range of 1.0-160 μg·mL-1, and the standard curve was Y=0.015 4X-0.010 1 (r=0.999 1). Quantitative downlines were all 1.0 μg·mL-1. The average recovery rates of the three compounds ranged from 97.8%to 103.1%, and the relative standard deviations of intraday and daytime precision were less than 10%, indicating good sample stability. Ten cases of children receiving vancomycin, aminophylline or caffeine were collected for method verification, which met the needs of clinical detection.

Conclusion:

The method is simple, rapid, accurate, and is suitable for the simultaneous determination of serum vancomycin, caffeine and aminophylline in children.

high performance liquid chromatography  /  vancomycin  /  caffeine  /  aminophylline  /  pediatric patients  /  serum concentration  /  simultaneous determination
李赛, 李寿林, 王东亮, 苏凌璎. HPLC法同时测定儿童患者血清中万古霉素、咖啡因和氨茶碱浓度及其临床应用*. 药物分析杂志, 2025 , 45 (1) : 92 -98 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0300
Sai LI, Shou-lin LI, Dong-liang WANG, Ling-ying SU. Simultaneous determination of vancomycin, aminophylline and caffeine in children’s serum by HPLC method[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2025 , 45 (1) : 92 -98 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0300
万古霉素属糖肽类抗菌药物,临床主要用于耐甲氧西林金葡菌(MASA)或其他革兰阳性菌感染的治疗,但考虑到万古霉素过量可导致耳肾毒性[1]、药代动力学参数在不同年龄段儿童患者中变异较大等原因,临床使用需进行血药浓度监测[2]。氨茶碱现主要用于治疗哮喘、早产儿呼吸暂停等疾病[3-4],其安全范围较窄,安全浓度范围仅为5~20 mg·L-1,过量易导致毒性反应发生。咖啡因作为治疗早产儿呼吸暂停的一线药物[5],其安全的浓度范围为8~30 mg·L-1[6]。当早产儿出现给予初始剂量咖啡因治疗后呼吸暂停仍频繁发生或出现神经系统、心血管系统不良反应时,需及时进行血药浓度检测。
因此,进行万古霉素、氨茶碱和咖啡因血药浓度检测,对于保障新生儿用药安全具有重要意义。但调研文献发现,目前关于3种药物血药浓度检测方法都是独立的,不适应于新生儿患者。本研究拟建立可以同时测定患儿血清中万古霉素、咖啡因和氨茶碱的HPLC方法,操作简便,适用于存在呼吸衰竭合并耐药革兰阳性球菌感染时需联合使用万古霉素和氨茶碱或咖啡因的新生儿患者。
Agilent 1220高效液相色谱仪(Agilent公司);梅特勒AL104万分之一电子天平(Mettler Toledo公司);WH-3微型旋涡混合仪(上海沪西分析仪器厂有限公司);MC-12pro离心机(群安实验仪器有限公司)等。
万古霉素对照品(批号100963,含量≥98%),购自中国食品药品检定研究院;对照品咖啡因(批号AK02391,含量≥99%)、氨茶碱(批号OX09320,含量≥98%)、乙酰苯胺(批号ZH04721,含量≥99%),均购自万佳标准物质研发中心有限公司;甲醇、乙腈(色谱级),均购自国药集团化学试剂有限公司。
本研究空白血清取自来院体检儿童(淮安市妇幼保健院检验科提供)。10例患儿血清取自淮安市妇幼保健院儿科和新生儿科病区接受万古霉素、氨茶碱或咖啡因治疗患儿,平均年龄(3.18±3.09)月,平均体质量(3.17±2.35)kg,本研究经淮安市妇幼保健院伦理委员会批准(伦理号2019069)。
采用Nucifera C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,以甲醇-0.05 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾(18 :82,v/v)为流动相,流速1 mL·min-1,检测波长236 nm,柱温25 ℃,进样量20 μL。
精密称取万古霉素、氨茶碱、咖啡因的对照品各10.2 mg,分别置10 mL量瓶中,加入水溶解并定容至刻度,充分摇匀,配制成质量浓度为1 mg·mL-1的对照品储备液。上述3个对照品储备液4 ℃避光保存备用。
精密称取内标物质乙酰苯胺对照品10.1 mg,置10 mL量瓶中,加入甲醇溶解并定容至刻度,充分摇匀,配制成质量浓度为1 mg·mL-1内标储备液,并于4 ℃避光保存备用。
取血清样品0.2 mL,加入内标储备液10 μL,加入6%高氯酸50 μL,涡旋振荡混匀1 min,充分沉淀蛋白,12 000 r·min-1离心5 min,取上清液进样分析。
取空白血清,用甲醇-水(20:80)溶液代替内标储备液,按“2.4”项下方法处理后,按“2.1”项下条件进样记录得到空白血清色谱图。另分别取加入对照品的空白血清、使用万古霉素和氨茶碱患儿血清以及使用万古霉素和咖啡因患儿血清,按“2.4”项下方法处理后,按“2.1”项下条件分别进样记录色谱图。万古霉素、氨茶碱、咖啡因以及内标乙酰苯胺峰形及分离度良好,保留时间分别为4.15、8.01、13.05、20.45 min。且空白血清中的内源性物质不干扰待测药物及内标的测定,色谱图见图1
分别精密吸取万古霉素、氨茶碱和咖啡因的对照品储备液,用甲醇-水(20 :80)稀释5倍配制成200 μg·mL-1标准工作液。分别精密吸取3个标准工作液适量于2 mL离心管中,室温经氮气吹干后,加入空白血清200 μL,使万古霉素和氨茶碱血清终质量浓度分别为100、80、40、20、10、5、2.5、1 μg·mL-1,咖啡因血清终质量浓度分别为160、80、40、20、10、5、2.5、1 μg·mL-1。按照“2.4”项下方法进行样品前处理并进样,记录色谱图。以待测物浓度(X,μg·mL-1)为横坐标,以待测物与乙酰苯胺峰面积比值(Y)为纵坐标,用加权(W=1/X2)最小二乘法进行线性回归。万古霉素、氨茶碱和咖啡因的直线回归方程和相关系数分别为
Y=0.010 6X+0.006 9   r=0.998 8
Y=0.012 7X+0.084   r=0.998 9
Y=0.015 4X-0.010 1   r=0.999 1
结果表明,万古霉素和氨茶碱血药浓度在1.0~100 μg·mL-1范围内线性关系良好;咖啡因血清药物浓度在1.0~160 μg·mL-1范围内线性关系良好。按信噪比S/N≥10,待测物定量限均为1.0 μg·mL-1
分别精密吸取“2.5.2”项下万古霉素、氨茶碱和咖啡因标准工作液适量,加入甲醇-水(20 :80)配制成高、中、低质量浓度的质控溶液,万古霉素80、30、2 μg·mL-1;氨茶碱80、30、2 μg·mL-1;咖啡因130、40、2 μg·mL-1。按照“2.4”项下方法进行血清样品处理并检测,每日平行测定5次,连续5 d测定,计算日内和日间精密度。万古霉素、氨茶碱和咖啡因高、中、低浓度质控溶液日内、日间精密度RSD值在2.3%~9.7%,结果见表1
取“2.5.3”项下方法万古霉素、氨茶碱和咖啡因高、中、低浓度质控溶液,按照“2.4”项下方法进行血清样品处理并检测,每个浓度平行制作5份。根据待测物线性回归方程计算实测浓度,相对回收率为实测浓度与理论浓度比值。3个待测物高、中、低浓度质控样品相对回收率在97.8%~103.1%,RSD在2.7%~9.4%,结果见表2。此方法的回收率符合要求。
取“2.5.3”项下万古霉素、氨茶碱和咖啡因高、中、低浓度质控溶液,分别按照“2.4”项下方法进行血清样品处理并检测,考察各浓度质控样品短期、长期和冻融循环稳定性。稳定性试验结果显示,室温放置24 h(短期稳定性)、-20 ℃放置3月(长期稳定性)、-20 ℃反复冻融3次(冻融循环稳定性)RSD均<10%,表明待测药物在上述条件下稳定性良好,结果见表3
本研究采用上述方法对10例接受万古霉素、氨茶碱或咖啡因治疗的患儿血清药物浓度进行测定。该10例患者中万古霉素给药剂量范围为28.90~40.05 mg·kg-1·d-1,每12 h或8 h给药1次,氨茶碱给药剂量范围为4.49~6.01 mg·kg-1·d-1,每12 h给药1次,咖啡因给药剂量范围为5.13~10.00 mg·kg-1·d-1,每天给药1次。参考相关文献[47-8]及药物半衰期,万古霉素、氨茶碱和咖啡因分别在连续给药至少2 d、5 d和5~7 d后血药浓度达稳态,联合用药患儿因给药时间不同满足同时测定要求。静脉血抽取选择晨起给药前,无需空腹。6例患儿进行万古霉素血药浓度检测,质量浓度范围为4.93~11.05 μg·mL-1,仅有2例患儿血清药物浓度达到目标谷浓度10~20 μg·mL-1,这与既往研究发现儿童患者标准剂量下,万古霉素谷浓度达标率较低[9]一致。6例患儿进行咖啡因血清药物浓度检测,质量浓度范围为9.77~28.65 μg·mL-1,目前咖啡因目标谷浓度范围尚存在争议,药品说明书推荐质量浓度范围为8~30 μg·mL-1,6例患儿谷浓度均达标。2例患儿进行氨茶碱血清药物浓度检测,质量浓度分别为5.30 μg·mL-1和6.79 μg·mL-1,均达到目标谷浓度5~10 μg·mL-1。以上所有结果均在定量分析线性范围内,具体见表4。本试验建立的HPLC方法能够满足临床对万古霉素、氨茶碱和咖啡因血药浓度检测的需求。
万古霉素、氨茶碱和咖啡因均为儿科常用药物,其中万古霉素为治疗MRSA感染首选药物,咖啡因和氨茶碱为治疗早产儿呼吸暂停综合征重要药物[10]。另外,氨茶碱在治疗哮喘[11]和改善肾脏缺血[12]方面仍具有重要价值。目前,万古霉素、氨茶碱和咖啡因血药浓度检测多为单独抽血测定,对于合并使用万古霉素、氨茶碱或咖啡因的患儿,血药浓度检测极为不便。常规血药浓度检测每次至少需抽取静脉血2~3 mL,若血药浓度未达标,有时需进行调整药物剂量后重新检测。新生儿由于红细胞系增生降低,红细胞生存期短,血容量扩充等原因,出生1~8周易发生生理性贫血。有研究显示2周内累计取血量超过5 mL·kg-1能够进一步引起医源性贫血的发生[13]。因此,开发1种可同时测定万古霉素、氨茶碱和咖啡因血药浓度的方法,对于减少新生儿静脉抽血次数和抽血量,避免因抽血引起相关并发症,具有积极的意义[14]
内标物质选择方面,HPLC法测定万古霉素血药浓度多采用去甲万古霉素、甲硝唑或替硝唑为内标物质。去甲万古霉素与万古霉素结构相近,仅比万古霉素少1个甲基,二者出峰位置相近,难以严格区分,对于实验条件要求较为严格。使用甲硝唑或替硝唑作为内标物质,不适应于万古霉素与甲硝唑或替硝唑联合使用患者,或者病程中使用过甲硝唑或替硝唑,体内仍有药物残留患者。因此,寻找一种不受患儿同时服用药物干扰且操作简便的内源性物质,成为准确测定万古霉素血药浓度的关键性问题。既往研究表明,寻找合适的内标,也是困扰检测早产新生儿咖啡因血药浓度的问题。本研究创新性地将乙酰苯胺作为万古霉素和咖啡因血药浓度检测的内标物质,不受患儿合并用药的影响,为准确测定万古霉素和咖啡因血药浓度奠定基础。
本实验中检测波长选择也较为关键,《中华人民共和国药典》中关于万古霉素和氨茶碱或咖啡因的检测波长要求不同,为同时检测以上3个化合物带来难题。但结合相关文献报道[15],万古霉素、氨茶碱及咖啡因在236 nm下有较好的紫外吸收,能够满足血药浓度检测需要。本实验也验证了检测波长为236 nm条件下,同时准确测定以上3个药物的可能性。流动相选择方面,本研究在前期新生儿血清中咖啡因浓度检测基础上先考察了乙腈-水体系[16],但万古霉素峰形不佳。后又考察了乙腈-磷酸二氢钾水溶液和乙腈-磷酸二氢钾水溶液,通过调节配比及磷酸二氢钾浓度,确定流动相为甲醇-0.05 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾(19:81,v/v),3个待测物色谱峰峰形均较佳,且与杂质峰完全分离。
本研究首次建立并通过系列试验验证了HPLC法同时测定新生儿患者血清中万古霉素、氨茶碱和咖啡因浓度方法。本检测方法建立对于呼吸衰竭合并重度感染新生儿患者安全合理使用万古霉素、氨茶碱和咖啡因,具有重要临床意义。
  • *淮安卫生健康科研项目(HAWJ201922)
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0300
  • 接收时间:2024-05-08
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2025-01-31
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-08
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*淮安卫生健康科研项目(HAWJ201922)
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    1. 淮安市妇幼保健院药学部,淮安223001
    2. 南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院神经内科,淮安223300

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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