Article(id=1241314569554022889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1241314565582025478, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0403, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718553600000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773882055891, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1738252800000, pubDateStr=2025-01-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773882055891, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773882055891, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773882055891, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241314565582025478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2025', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='180', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773882054943, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773882204745, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241315193960059168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1241314565582025478, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241315193964253473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1241314565582025478, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=125, endPage=134, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241314569822458349, articleId=1241314569554022889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Analysis of the related substances in cefminox sodium for injection, columnId=1206272757852074373, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Safety Monitoring, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To establish a method to determination of the related substances and polymer impurities in cefminox sodium for injection.

Method:

Cefminox sodium was degraded in high temperature to prepare degradation solution. An RP-HPLC method for the related substances analysis was established with a Kromisil C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm), using 10 mmol·L-1 phosphate buffer solution (pH 2.0)-acetonitrile (98:2) (A)-acetonitrile (B) with gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1. The column temperature was maintained at 25 ℃, the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm, and the injection volume was 20 μL. The specificity of RP-HPLC method and identification of unknown impurities was researched by 2D HPLC-MS/MS.

Results:

14 main impurities were characterized in the degradation solution, including 3 cefminox dimmers and isomers which were characterized firstly. The impurities were determined in 7 batches of samples by principal component self-control with correction factor, the contents of impurity 3 were 0.01%-0.13%, the contents of impurity 4 were 0.10%-0.16%, the contents of impurity 5 were 0.02%-0.07%, the contents of impurity 6 were 0.04%-0.07%, the contents of polymer impurities were 0.03%-0.06%, the maximum single impurity contents were 0.01%-0.03%, while the total impurity contents were 0.28%-0.63%.

Conclusion:

Cefminox degradation solution in high temperature can be used to identify related impurities and polymer peaks as the systematic suitability testing solution. The RP-HPLC method was suitable for related substances as well as polymer impurities in cefminox sodium for injection. This work provides useful information for the quality control of cefminox sodium, which can contribute to establishment of reasonable impurity limits.

, correspAuthors=Hao LIU, Xiang-jin LIAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ying DING, Hong-liang WEN, Jian LE, Hao LIU, Xiang-jin LIAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241314574381666965, articleId=1241314569554022889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=注射用头孢米诺钠的有关物质分析*, columnId=1206272758036623764, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=安全监测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的:

建立同时控制注射用头孢米诺钠中有关物质和聚合物杂质的杂质分析方法。

方法:

以注射用头孢米诺钠高温破坏溶液为降解溶液,采用Kromisil C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,以10 mmol·L-1磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 2.0)-乙腈(96:4)为流动相A,以乙腈为流动相B,进行梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL·min-1,柱温25 ℃,检测波长254 nm,进样体积20 μL,建立注射用头孢米诺钠杂质分析的反相高效液相色谱(RPHPLC)法,采用二维液质联用(2D HPLC-MS/MS)法对其进行专属性研究和杂质结构推断。

结果:

在注射用头孢米诺钠降解溶液中推定了14个主要杂质,其中首次鉴定到3个头孢米诺二聚体。采用加校正因子的主成分自身对照法,测得7批注射用头孢米诺钠中杂质3的含量为0.01%~0.13%;杂质4的含量为0.10%~0.16%;杂质5的含量为0.02%~0.07%;杂质6的含量为0.04%~0.07%;聚合物杂质的含量为0.03%~0.06%;其他最大单个杂质的含量为0.01%~0.03%;总杂质含量为0.28%~0.63%。

结论:

可将头孢米诺钠高温破坏溶液作为有关物质和聚合物杂质系统适用性溶液,建立的RP-HPLC法可同时控制注射用头孢米诺钠中有关物质杂质和聚合物杂质的含量。研究结果对其质量评价具有参考意义,为制定合理的杂质限度,更好地控制药品质量打下基础。

, correspAuthors=刘浩, 廉向金, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
** 刘浩 Tel:(021)50798183;E-mail:;
廉向金 Tel:15882492648;E-mail:
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Tel:(021)50798180;E-mail:

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Analysis of polymers of cephalosporins[J].Chin J Antibiot, 2022, 47(3): 221, articleTitle=Analysis of polymers of cephalosporins, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241324071640691223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314569554022889, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1996, volume=31, issue=4, pageStart=306, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=30, authorNames=张强, 廖工铁, journalName=药学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张强,廖工铁. 头孢类抗生素在水溶液中的聚合[J]. 药学学报199631(4):306, articleTitle=头孢类抗生素在水溶液中的聚合, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241324071745548824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314569554022889, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1996, volume=31, issue=4, pageStart=306, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=31, authorNames=ZHANG Q, LIAO GT, journalName=Acta Pharm Sin, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Q, LIAO GT. Polymerization of cephalosporins in aqueous solution[J]. Acta Pharm Sin, 1996, 31(4): 306, articleTitle=Polymerization of cephalosporins in aqueous solution, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241324071909126683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314569554022889, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=32, authorNames=胡昌勤, 王晨, 冯艳春, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=胡昌勤,王晨,冯艳春,等. 一种头孢米诺钠晶体及其制备方法与应用:中国,CN201310492849.0[P]. 2014-02-19, articleTitle=一种头孢米诺钠晶体及其制备方法与应用:中国, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241324072039150112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314569554022889, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=33, authorNames=HU CQ, WANG C, FANG YC, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HU CQ, WANG C, FANG YC, et al. Cefminox Sodium Crystal as well as Preparation Method and Application Thereof: China,CN201310492849.0[P]. 2014-02-19, articleTitle=Cefminox Sodium Crystal as well as Preparation Method and Application Thereof: China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241324072215310880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314569554022889, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=34, authorNames=伍启章, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=伍启章. 青霉素类抗生素二聚体的研究[D]. 北京:中国食品药品检定研究院,2019, articleTitle=青霉素类抗生素二聚体的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241324072315974178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314569554022889, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=35, authorNames=WU QZ, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU QZ. Research on Dimers of Penicillin Antibiotics[D]. Beijing:National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, 2019, articleTitle=Research on Dimers of Penicillin Antibiotics, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241324068297830814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314569554022889, awardId=2023HZKF-03, language=CN, fundingSource=*四川省药品监督管理局化学药品质量研究与控制重点实验室开放课题项目(2023HZKF-03), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241324059993108564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314569554022889, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241324060001497172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314569554022889, companyId=1241324059993108564, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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1.头孢米诺(cefminox) 2.头孢米诺氧化产物(oxidation product of cefminox) 3.头孢米诺水解杂质1(hydrolysate impurity 1 of cefminox) 4. 3位侧链(3-side chain) 5.3位侧链水解杂质(3-side chain hydrolysis impurity) 6.工艺杂质(impurity from production process) 7、8.头孢米诺异构体(isomer of cefminox)

, figureFileSmall=vKT7cU2hn5T6SwB04j2VPA==, figureFileBig=Vr6yf+wwFnfZX5Y7rlZzbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324065009496393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314569554022889, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=The proposed chemical structures and main fragmentation patterns of cefminox polymer impurities, figureFileSmall=CgtOU2JvWyAhelZkwuLG3w==, figureFileBig=rkhwzPLqjdrPOfIyPnl36w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324065105965391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314569554022889, language=CN, label=图3, caption=头孢米诺聚合物杂质的推测化学结构及主要碎片离子

9.头孢米诺二聚体1(dimer 1 of cefminox) 10.头孢米诺二聚体(dimer of cefminox)

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A.酸破坏试验样品溶液(acid degradation sample solution) B.碱破坏试验样品溶液(base degradation sample solution) C.氧化破坏试验样品溶液(oxidation degradation sample solution) D.高温破坏试验样品溶液(heat degradation sample solution) E.光照破坏试验样品溶液(light degradation sample solution) F.供试品溶液(sample solution)

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Gradient elution program

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t/min流动相比例(ratio of mobile phase)/%
流动相(mobile phase)A流动相(mobile phase)B
01000
51000
25928
30928
556040
606040
611000
701000
), ArticleFig(id=1241324067710628233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314569554022889, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

梯度洗脱条件

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
t/min流动相比例(ratio of mobile phase)/%
流动相(mobile phase)A流动相(mobile phase)B
01000
51000
25928
30928
556040
606040
611000
701000
), ArticleFig(id=1241324067815485835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314569554022889, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Linear equation and relative correction factor of known impurities

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化合物
(compound)
线性方程
(regression equation)
r f
杂质(impurity)3 A=51.619 9C+17.915 20.999 40.28
杂质(impurity)4 A=11.313 3C+0.088 01.0001.26
杂质(impurity)5 A=10.343 1C-0.683 01.0001.37
杂质(impurity)6 A=15.614 1C+0.107 91.0000.91
头孢米诺(cefminox) A=14.249 0C+0.107 01.0001.0
), ArticleFig(id=1241324067899371919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314569554022889, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

已知杂质线性方程及相对校正因子

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物
(compound)
线性方程
(regression equation)
r f
杂质(impurity)3 A=51.619 9C+17.915 20.999 40.28
杂质(impurity)4 A=11.313 3C+0.088 01.0001.26
杂质(impurity)5 A=10.343 1C-0.683 01.0001.37
杂质(impurity)6 A=15.614 1C+0.107 91.0000.91
头孢米诺(cefminox) A=14.249 0C+0.107 01.0001.0
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The determination results of related substances of samples from 7 manufacturers

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厂家
(manufacturing
enterprise)
含量(content)/%
杂质3
(impurity 3)
杂质4
(impurity 4)
杂质5
(impurity 5)
杂质6
(impurity 6)
最大单个未知杂质(maximum single unknown impurity)聚合物杂质
(polymer impurities)
总杂质(total impurities)
A0.130.110.020.070.010.060.44
B0.050.120.050.060.020.030.42
C0.100.160.060.070.020.040.63
D0.060.140.050.060.020.030.40
E0.010.100.040.070.020.030.28
F0.070.130.050.070.030.040.54
G0.010.110.030.040.020.040.35
), ArticleFig(id=1241324068100698515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314569554022889, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

7家企业样品有关物质检测结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
厂家
(manufacturing
enterprise)
含量(content)/%
杂质3
(impurity 3)
杂质4
(impurity 4)
杂质5
(impurity 5)
杂质6
(impurity 6)
最大单个未知杂质(maximum single unknown impurity)聚合物杂质
(polymer impurities)
总杂质(total impurities)
A0.130.110.020.070.010.060.44
B0.050.120.050.060.020.030.42
C0.100.160.060.070.020.040.63
D0.060.140.050.060.020.030.40
E0.010.100.040.070.020.030.28
F0.070.130.050.070.030.040.54
G0.010.110.030.040.020.040.35
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注射用头孢米诺钠的有关物质分析*
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丁颖 1 , 闻宏亮 1 , 乐健 1 , 刘浩 1, ** , 廉向金 2, **
药物分析杂志 | 安全监测 2025,45(1): 125-134
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药物分析杂志 | 安全监测 2025, 45(1): 125-134
注射用头孢米诺钠的有关物质分析*
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丁颖1 , 闻宏亮1, 乐健1, 刘浩1, ** , 廉向金2, **
作者信息
  • 1.上海市食品药品检验研究院,上海201203
  • 2.四川省药品监督管理局化学药品质量研究与控制重点实验室,成都610000
  • Tel:(021)50798180;E-mail:

通讯作者:

** 刘浩 Tel:(021)50798183;E-mail:;
廉向金 Tel:15882492648;E-mail:
Analysis of the related substances in cefminox sodium for injection
Ying DING1 , Hong-liang WEN1, Jian LE1, Hao LIU1, ** , Xiang-jin LIAN2, **
Affiliations
  • 1. Shanghai Institute of Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, China
  • 2. SCMPA Key laboratory for Quality Research and Control of Chemical Medicine, Chengdu 610000, China
出版时间: 2025-01-31 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0403
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目的:

建立同时控制注射用头孢米诺钠中有关物质和聚合物杂质的杂质分析方法。

方法:

以注射用头孢米诺钠高温破坏溶液为降解溶液,采用Kromisil C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,以10 mmol·L-1磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 2.0)-乙腈(96:4)为流动相A,以乙腈为流动相B,进行梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL·min-1,柱温25 ℃,检测波长254 nm,进样体积20 μL,建立注射用头孢米诺钠杂质分析的反相高效液相色谱(RPHPLC)法,采用二维液质联用(2D HPLC-MS/MS)法对其进行专属性研究和杂质结构推断。

结果:

在注射用头孢米诺钠降解溶液中推定了14个主要杂质,其中首次鉴定到3个头孢米诺二聚体。采用加校正因子的主成分自身对照法,测得7批注射用头孢米诺钠中杂质3的含量为0.01%~0.13%;杂质4的含量为0.10%~0.16%;杂质5的含量为0.02%~0.07%;杂质6的含量为0.04%~0.07%;聚合物杂质的含量为0.03%~0.06%;其他最大单个杂质的含量为0.01%~0.03%;总杂质含量为0.28%~0.63%。

结论:

可将头孢米诺钠高温破坏溶液作为有关物质和聚合物杂质系统适用性溶液,建立的RP-HPLC法可同时控制注射用头孢米诺钠中有关物质杂质和聚合物杂质的含量。研究结果对其质量评价具有参考意义,为制定合理的杂质限度,更好地控制药品质量打下基础。

注射用头孢米诺钠  /  二维液质联用法  /  有关物质  /  聚合物  /  杂质  /  β-内酰胺类抗生素  /  二聚体
Objective:

To establish a method to determination of the related substances and polymer impurities in cefminox sodium for injection.

Method:

Cefminox sodium was degraded in high temperature to prepare degradation solution. An RP-HPLC method for the related substances analysis was established with a Kromisil C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm), using 10 mmol·L-1 phosphate buffer solution (pH 2.0)-acetonitrile (98:2) (A)-acetonitrile (B) with gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1. The column temperature was maintained at 25 ℃, the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm, and the injection volume was 20 μL. The specificity of RP-HPLC method and identification of unknown impurities was researched by 2D HPLC-MS/MS.

Results:

14 main impurities were characterized in the degradation solution, including 3 cefminox dimmers and isomers which were characterized firstly. The impurities were determined in 7 batches of samples by principal component self-control with correction factor, the contents of impurity 3 were 0.01%-0.13%, the contents of impurity 4 were 0.10%-0.16%, the contents of impurity 5 were 0.02%-0.07%, the contents of impurity 6 were 0.04%-0.07%, the contents of polymer impurities were 0.03%-0.06%, the maximum single impurity contents were 0.01%-0.03%, while the total impurity contents were 0.28%-0.63%.

Conclusion:

Cefminox degradation solution in high temperature can be used to identify related impurities and polymer peaks as the systematic suitability testing solution. The RP-HPLC method was suitable for related substances as well as polymer impurities in cefminox sodium for injection. This work provides useful information for the quality control of cefminox sodium, which can contribute to establishment of reasonable impurity limits.

cefminox sodium  /  2D HPLC-MS/MS  /  related substances  /  polymer  /  impurities  /  β-lactam antibiotics  /  dimmers
丁颖, 闻宏亮, 乐健, 刘浩, 廉向金. 注射用头孢米诺钠的有关物质分析*. 药物分析杂志, 2025 , 45 (1) : 125 -134 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0403
Ying DING, Hong-liang WEN, Jian LE, Hao LIU, Xiang-jin LIAN. Analysis of the related substances in cefminox sodium for injection[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2025 , 45 (1) : 125 -134 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0403
头孢米诺钠是第三代头孢菌素类抗生素,主要用于治疗敏感菌所致的扁桃体、呼吸道、泌尿道等部位感染[1],也可治疗败血症[2-3]。在临床使用过程中有肠胃系统损伤与急性肾伤害、呼吸系统反应等不良反应[4-6],且症状发生率较高[47]。这可能和头孢米诺自身化学性质不稳定,易产生降解杂质和聚合物杂质有关[8]。据文献报道,于涵光等[9]采用高效液相色谱法及杂质对照品对头孢米诺钠的有关物质进行检测;Xu等[10]采用液质联用法对头孢米诺钠的降解机理进行研究。目前《中华人民共和国药典》和国家药品监督管理局企业注册标准均采用反相高效液相(RPHPLC)法和高效凝胶色谱法分别控制头孢米诺钠的有关物质和聚合物杂质,但高效凝胶色谱法存在专属性差,测定聚合物杂质含量偏高等挑战,采用RP-HPLC同时控制有关物质和聚合物是抗生素类杂质控制的热点和方向[11-13]。另外,由于杂质分离系统为磷酸盐缓冲盐体系且头孢类杂质结构很不稳定[14],较难采用传统的离线分离制备的方式进行结构鉴定,二维高效液相色谱-质谱联用(2D HPLC-MS/MS)技术集高效液相色谱分离、脱盐与定性分析功能于一体,非常适用于含量低微,不易分离制备或不稳定杂质的定性分析[15]。因此,本研究建立了可同时控制注射用头孢米诺钠有关物质和聚合物杂质的分析方法并进行了二维柱切换液质研究,对含量较大的未知杂质峰结构进行解析,这对了解生产工艺和现行标准中有关物质控制具有十分重要的意义,同时也为注射用米诺钠钠的杂质谱的研究提供参考。
Agilent 1200高效液相色谱仪-Agilent 1290型高效液相色谱仪-6550 QTOF-MS,Agilent 1200高效液相色谱仪(Agilent Technologies公司);赛多利斯万分之一及十万分之一电子天平(Sartorious公司)。
注射用头孢米诺钠(批号分别为211202、20221201、322042034、22032941、220901、220814、CMMMDN2160,规格为1.0 g)由A~G企业提供。头孢米诺钠对照品(纯度77.7%;批号130508-202105)购自中国食品药品检定研究院;杂质3对照品(批号C10078660)、杂质4对照品(批号170805)、杂质5对照品(批号180905)和杂质6对照品(批号181010)均为企业提供;磷酸二氢铵(AR)、磷酸(AR)均购自上海凌峰化学试剂有限公司;乙酸、乙酸铵购自Sigma-aldrich公司,乙腈(色谱纯)购自Merck公司,水为超纯水(Milli-Q仪制备)。
采用Kromasil C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,以10 mmol·L-1磷酸二氢铵缓冲溶液(用磷酸调节pH至2.0)-乙腈(96:4)为流动相A,以乙腈为流动相B,按表1进行线性梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL·min-1,柱温25 ℃,检测波长254 nm,进样体积20 μL。
取注射用头孢米诺钠约0.13 g,精密称定,加流动相A溶解并定量稀释制成每1 mL含头孢米诺1.0 mg的溶液,即得(临用现配)。
精密量取供试品溶液适量,用流动相A定量稀释制成每1 mL含头孢米诺2 μg的溶液,即得。
取注射用头孢米诺钠粉末,105 ℃放置1 h,取粉末约0.13 g,精密称定,加流动相A溶解并定量稀释制成每1 mL含头孢米诺1.0 mg的溶液,即得。
取注射用头孢米诺钠样品约0.13 g,加入流动相A 10 mL溶解,摇匀,作为样品储备液。酸破坏溶液:取样品储备液1 mL,置10 mL量瓶中,加0.1 mol·L-1盐酸溶液1 mL,混匀,室温放置5 min,加0.1 mol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液1 mL中和,用流动相A稀释至刻度,摇匀,即得。碱破坏溶液:取样品储备液1 mL,加0.1 mol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液1 mL,混匀,室温放置10 min,加0.1 mol·L-1盐酸溶液1 mL中和,用流动相A稀释至刻度,摇匀,即得。氧化破坏溶液:取样品储备液1 mL,加水0.9 mL,再加30%双氧水溶液0.1 mL,混匀,室温放置2 h,用流动相A稀释至刻度,摇匀,即得。加热破坏溶液:同“2.2.3”项下操作。光照破坏溶液:取样品粉末于254 nm和365 nm紫外光放置3 d,称取该粉末约0.13 g,加100 mL流动相A溶解,摇匀,即得。
取头孢米诺钠与杂质3~杂质6对照品各约10 mg,精密称定,置100 mL量瓶中,加流动相A溶解并稀释至刻度,摇匀,作为系列对照品溶液储备溶液。精密量取适量,用流动相A定量稀释制成每1 mL中分别约含头孢米诺钠与杂质3~杂质6 0.2、0.5、1.0、2.0、5.0和10 μg的系列溶液,即得。
色谱系统Ⅰ进样体积100 μL,其条件同“2.1”项下RP-HPLC方法色谱条件。
色谱系统Ⅱ采用Zorbox Eclipse Plus C18(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm)色谱柱,以0.1%甲酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B)为流动相,进行梯度洗脱[0~(tR+4)min(tR为目标杂质在色谱系统Ⅰ的保留时间),2%B(脱盐处理);(tR+4)min~(tR+11)min,60%B;(tR+11)min~(tR+12)min,60%B;(tR+12)min~(tR+12.1)min,2%B],流速0.3 mL·min-1,柱温25 ℃。
Q TOF-MS采用+ESI扫描模式。雾化气温度:250 ℃;雾化气:16 L·min-1;雾化气压力:3.1 bar;鞘气温度:350 ℃;鞘气:11 L·min-1;毛细管电压:3 500 V;喷嘴电压:1 000 V。采用AutoMS/MS采集模式。一级质谱扫描范围:m/z 100~1 700;二级质谱扫描范围:m/z 50~1 700;碰撞诱导解离(CID)电压:10~30 eV。
基于现行国家药品监督管理局企业注册标准中注射用头孢米诺钠的有关物质分析方法,本研究对流动相的缓冲盐pH(2.0、2.3、2.5、2.7)、流动相比例、检测波长(220、254 nm)和柱温(20、25、30、40 ℃)等参数进行筛选,在此基础上建立了有关物质分析的RP-HPLC方法,并用RP-HPLC方法对注射用头孢米诺钠供试品溶液和降解溶液进行杂质分析,见图1。供试品溶液中头孢米诺主峰前主要有5个弱保留值杂质峰(杂质1~杂质5),在主峰后存在1个杂质峰(杂质6),其中,杂质3~杂质6为已知杂质,结构见图2中的4~7。但高温破坏后,杂质1、杂质2、杂质3和杂质6含量明显增加,主峰后强保留值杂质峰个数和含量(杂质7~杂质14)明显增加,需其进行进一步研究。
采用2D HPLC-MS/MS对注射用头孢米诺钠供试品溶液和降解溶液中杂质1~杂质14(图1)推断杂质结构,推定的杂质结构见图2图3
杂质1的一级质谱图及二级质谱图如图4所示。在一级质谱图中存在m/z 536.07(z=1)的加合离子峰,为[M+H]+峰,因此推测其相对分子质量为535.06,比头孢米诺的相对分子质量多16,在二级质谱图中找到特征离子m/z 187.08、232.07、420.05,推测其可能为头孢米诺氧化产物[10],化学结构见图2
杂质2的一级质谱图及二级质谱图如图4所示。在一级质谱图中存在m/z 404.06(z=1)的加合离子峰,为[M+H]+峰,因此推测其相对分子质量为403.06,与头孢米诺的相对分子质量小116,推测其可能为头孢米诺失去3位侧链的水解产物[10],化学结构见图2
杂质7~杂质8的一级质谱图及二级质谱图如图5所示。在一级质谱图中存在m/z 520.07(z=1)的加合离子峰,为[M+H]+峰,推测其相对分子质量为519.07,与头孢米诺的相对分子质量相同,且二级质谱图中碎片离子与头孢米诺基本一致,推测其可能为头孢米诺位置异构体,化学结构见图2
杂质9~杂质11的一级质谱图及二级质谱图如图6所示。在一级质谱图中存在m/z 923.12(z=1)、m/z 462.06(z=2)的加合离子峰,为 [M+H]+、[M+2H]2+峰,推测其相对分子质量为922.12,比2个分子头孢米诺的相对分子质量小116,推测其可能为2个分子头孢米诺脱掉1个分子3位侧链形成的二聚体,属于聚合物杂质。二级质谱图显示m/z 703.09[M+H-116]+的碎片离子,表明含有1个四氮唑取代基;m/z 807.11[M+H -44]+是脱羧基的碎片离子;m/z 493.04[m/z 807.11-214]+推测为脱去母核的碎片离子。根据头孢菌素的聚合反应规律[1116],推测头孢米诺易失去3位四氮唑侧链后聚合,主要是1个分子头孢米诺7位侧链末端的伯氨基进攻另1个分子头孢米诺的3位亚甲基;或伯氨基进攻另1个分子头孢米诺的四元内酰胺环。因此推测该杂质可能存在3种异构体杂质,主要碎片离子和化学结构如图3所示。
杂质12~杂质14的一级质谱图及二级质谱图如图7所示。在一级质谱图中存在m/z 1 039.14(z=1)、m/z 520.07(z=2)的加合离子峰,为[M+H]+、[M+2H]2+峰,因此推测其相对分子质量为1 038.14,与2分子头孢米诺的相对分子质量相同,由于头孢米诺钠结构中含有伯胺基团和羧基,且位阻较小,属于易产生自身聚合的头孢菌素[1117],推测其可能为头孢米诺二聚体,主要碎片离子和化学结构如图3所示。实验发现,如图8所示,头孢米诺钠粉末中聚合物杂质含量较少,但当温度高于80 ℃后,聚合物含量明显增加。推测可能因为头孢米诺钠为含7个水的结晶性粉末[18],结构相对稳定,当温度升高,晶格遭到破坏,加速了聚合反应。而药物中的高分子杂质是引起过敏反应的过敏原[19]。因此,应严格控制其运输和储存温度,防止局部过热造成药品聚合物杂质增加。二聚体杂质可作为指针性杂质控制药品内聚合物杂质的含量。
取专属性试验溶液按“2.1”项下条件进样测定,专属性试验结果如图9所示,头孢米诺钠结构不稳定,在酸、碱、氧化和高温条件下易发生降解。降解产生的杂质均可以实现有效分离,各杂质峰与主峰分离良好,不干扰测定。
取系列对照品溶液进样分析,记录色谱图,以质量浓度(C,μg·mL-1)为横坐标,峰面积(A)为纵坐标,得头孢米诺及4个杂质的线性回归方程。并以各杂质与头孢米诺线性回归方程的斜率计算各杂质相对于头孢米诺的校正因子ff=(A头孢米诺/C头孢米诺)/(A杂质/C杂质),结果如表2所示。
量取“2.2.5”项下质量浓度为0.2 μg·mL-1的对照品溶液适量,用流动相A逐级稀释,按“2.1”项下色谱条件进样测定。按信噪比3:1和10:1计,杂质3、杂质4、杂质5、杂质6和头孢米诺的定量限分别为0.45、2.33、2.96、2.09和2.41 ng;杂质3、杂质4、杂质5、杂质6和头孢米诺的检测限分别为0.37、1.11、0.89、0.89和0.72 ng(约相当于供试品溶液浓度1 mg·mL-1的0.004%)。
取注射用头孢米诺钠样品约0.13 g,精密称定,置100 mL量瓶中,加流动相A溶解并稀释至刻度,摇匀,按“2.1”项下色谱条件进样测定,于4 ℃放置8 h后再次测定,杂质3含量明显增加,因此供试品溶液应临用新制。
分别考察了高温降解溶液在Kromasil C18、Agilent Zorbax SB-C18、Phenomenex Gemini C18、和Waters Symmetry C18 4种不同品牌填料的色谱柱上有关物质的分离情况,各已知杂质峰分离良好,头孢米诺钠峰与其相邻杂质峰分离良好,各杂质峰间达到基线分离。
采用RP-HPLC法分析7家企业生产的注射用头孢米诺钠的杂质含量,并以头孢米诺脱四氮唑二聚体和头孢米诺二聚体为指针性聚合物杂质,按校正后的主成分自身对照法计算杂质的含量,结果如表3所示,典型色谱图如图9-F所示。其中,7家企业的杂质3的含量在0.01%~0.13%,存在较大差异,推测可能与杂质3为降解杂质和储藏条件有关。
本文综合运用RP-HPLC法和2D HPLC-MS/MS法可以同时控制注射用头孢米诺钠的有关物质和聚合物杂质。并对其进行方法学验证,表明该方法灵敏度高,专属性强。注射用头孢米诺钠高温强制降解溶液可作为有关物质的系统适用性溶液和聚合物分析的定位溶液,并以头孢米诺脱四氮唑二聚体和头孢米诺二聚体为指针性聚合物杂质进行聚合物含量的控制。
  • *四川省药品监督管理局化学药品质量研究与控制重点实验室开放课题项目(2023HZKF-03)
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0403
  • 接收时间:2024-06-17
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2025-01-31
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-17
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*四川省药品监督管理局化学药品质量研究与控制重点实验室开放课题项目(2023HZKF-03)
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    1.上海市食品药品检验研究院,上海201203
    2.四川省药品监督管理局化学药品质量研究与控制重点实验室,成都610000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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genus
种数
Number of
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占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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